Life Of People Research Articles

Influence of the Type of Antiretroviral Treatment on the Time to Reach High Pharmacotherapy Complexity in People Living With HIV.

The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) has significantly improved the survival of people living with HIV (PLWH), increasing the proportion of individuals over 50 years old. This aging trend poses challenges, such as the development of age-related comorbidities and a higher prevalence of polypharmacy. The pharmacotherapeutic complexity, assessed using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), is crucial for identifying and optimizing treatment, especially in elderly and polymedicated patients. The main objective was to assess the association between different ARV regimens and the time required to reach a high level of pharmacotherapeutic complexity in PLWH. A single-center observational analytical research study was conducted, including adult PLWH on active ARV from January 2010 to December 2021 with follow-up until December 2023. An analysis of the time to reach MRCI ≥11.25 was performed, followed by a Cox regression model to determine the influence of ARV on high MRCI. A total of 789 PLWH were included, median age of 52 years (interquartile range: 45-58). Overall, 195 patients had an MRCI value ≥11.25 with a mean time to reach it of 181.86 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 176.24 to 187.49). Significant differences were observed in sex, advanced age, AIDS stage, presence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and ARV-related variables. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed an association between integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.10) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.98) with the time to reach high MRCI. In summary, NNRTI-based regimens were associated with a lower likelihood of developing high MRCI compared to INSTI-based regimens, which was associated with a higher likelihood. These conclusions are based on a profile of PLWH that included advanced age and a high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. Identifying high MRCI may help us implement pharmacotherapeutic optimization strategies to improve health outcomes.

An effective approach to tackling complex health policy challenges. Using a clinical microsystems approach and rethinking codesign.

That people with serious mental illness have poor physical health and face a significant life expectancy gap compared with the general population is well known. Despite considerable policy focus in some countries, the gap in life expectancy remains. Tackling complex and persistent health problems such as this requires a systems-based approach, recognising the complexity of interacting components and their effects on the problem and on each other and applying collaborative analysis, design and implementation by those with knowledge of and expertise in the problem and the context. This paper describes the methods used to develop the Australian Being Equally Well National Policy Roadmap for better physical health care and longer lives for people with severe mental illness. Whilst recognising that high rates of physical health comorbidities are caused by many factors including lifestyle, access to high-quality healthcare and medication side effects, the work was focused on what could be done within Australian primary care to improve the physical health of this cohort. A Clinical Microsystem Approach was applied to synthesise clinical evidence with professional and lived experience, and an innovative policy development process was established, creating trust across all system levels. Participants with different kinds of knowledge and experience worked in discrete groups according to their professional or expert role whilst also being supported to participate in an intensive cross-collaboration. The potential value of this methodology for tackling other complex problems in health policy is discussed.

Distance Learning in Russian Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Student Outcomes

The outburst of COVID had a major impact on the lives of people all over the world. While educational systems were developing plans, preparing teachers and schools for transition to distance learning, students were left in the situation which required them to organize their studies by themselves. This paper attempts to identify predictors of student learning outcomes, namely, students’ self-rated achievements, learning effort, and emotions, during the lockdown based on the data derived via the School Barometer survey in Russia. A total of 22080 students from 85 Russian regions participated in the survey. Relative weight analysis found statistically significant predictors for students’ learning outcomes: ‘learning effort’ and ‘negative emotions’’. The paper addresses such issues as student autonomy, teaching practices, and access to education.

Quality of life in people with sickle cell disease treated with automated red blood cell exchange.

This review aims to explore the impact of sickle cell disease (SCD) on patients' quality of life (QoL) and the effectiveness of different transfusion modalities, particularly automated red blood cell exchange (aRBCX), in managing the factors that impact QoL. A systematic search was performed in PubMed to retrieve articles with data on QoL in SCD patients treated with aRBCX during the last 20 years. A targeted search for medical guidelines and a free search were added. When assessing the impact of the transfusion modality on the QoL of patients with SCD, some studies indicated an improvement in health-related QoL when using aRBCX while others reported no differences. The benefits of aRBCX include a decrease in length of hospital stay, pain-related hospitalizations and procedure time. The drawbacks of aRBCX were also identified, including an increased number of procedure-related complications (despite the overall number of complications showing no significant differences) and a more complex vascular access. Chronic red blood cell exchange favours psychosocial factors such as anxiety and social functioning, but the impact of using aRBCX in these parameters is not determined yet. aRBCX, known to be an efficient procedure to manage SCD, appears to be promising in improving patients' QoL. However, more comprehensive studies incorporating patient-reported outcomes are needed to fully understand the impact of different transfusion modalities on QoL in SCD patients. An integrated care approach, including psychological support and pain management, may further enhance QoL.

An Analysis on Domestic Tourism Development Prospective in Karnali Province, Nepal

The main thrust of this paper is to elucidate various aspects of domestic tourism in the specific context of Karnali Province in Nepal. To elucidate the complex interface between tourism and people, attempt have been made to provide an analysis covering various aspects related to domestic tourism policies, programs, prospects and problems. This research was conducted under Mixed Method research design because the study was described systematically the major problems and prospects of tourism development in the study area. The districts and places for domestic tourism importance have been purposively selected in order to collect valid and reliable data from the local level. Tourism is a complex process related to the work and life of people who live in the tourism potential areas. The tourism phenomenon has to make a perfect match in order to harness the benefits of tourism related activities. This research based article covers various facts of tourism development related phenomena and processes as social, cultural, religious, and natural aspects when come together make a complex form of an integrated rural network.

Consequences of Social Media in the Everyday Life of People: A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley

Social networking has become one of the most important trends of the contemporary society that influenced its members’ communication experiences and perception of reality. This research aims to establish the outcomes of social media use in the lives of the people residing in Ward No. 16 of the Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Social media in particular allows for a broad study of the effects on different parameters the essence of the social interactions among the users of social media, their psychological state, and their ways of obtaining and sharing information. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used, quantitative and questionnaire based survey and qualitative and interview based survey with 57 respondents. The ideas proposed in this research show that it points to the model of the positive and negative effects, which is the characteristic of social networks as means of communication at the same time. Arguably, the literature suggests that social media results in high consequences in the lives of users with lower age, female gender, lower levels of education, and unmarried statuses. These nuances are discussed in the analysis as a means of providing more information about how people of different age, gender, education level, and marital status perceive the impact of social media. This paper therefore emphasizes the need for people to be conversant with digital literacy, and the need to be cautious when using social media so as to avoid the negative impacts while enjoying the positive ones.

Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance and Environmental Regulation on Eco‐Efficiency of Farmland Utilization in China

ABSTRACTThe farmland pollution has threatened the lifeblood of people's livelihoods through the soil‐to‐crop system, and the resulting food safety risks are becoming more and more pronounced. Digital inclusive finance (DIF) can provide convenient financial services for the eco‐transformation of farmland utilization. This study analyzed the spatial evolution pattern of eco‐efficiency of farmland utilization (EEFU) and DIF, empirically tested the impact of DIF on EEFU, and discussed the impact of DIF on EEFU with changes in the level of environmental regulatory intensity based on panel data from 2011 to 2022 in China. The results found that the development of EEFU and DIF is increasing, and the polarization phenomenon is constantly easing, but the absolute differences between different provinces in China have an expanding trend. DIF can improve the EEFU, and this promotion effect is more pronounced in eastern and central China, non‐grain‐producing areas, and areas with low levels of financial development. DIF will not be able to improve EEFU until environmental regulation has reached a certain level. China should fully leverage the positive role of DIF and environmental regulations in promoting the EEFU, provide more differentiated financial products, financial tools, and financial models for the eco‐transformation of farmland utilization, and explore a path for eco‐transformation of farmland utilization that complements environmental regulations and development of market‐inclusive finance.

Quality of Life of Vietnam People through Education and Health Index

The quality of life of the population is a measure of the sustainable development of the country, in which education and health care play an important role. In Vietnam, education and health care have made important strides in improving people's lives, helping to improve the level of education and public health care. The education system is expanding with many good improvement policies, while the health sector is also developing strongly through strengthening facilities and wider access to health services. However, there are still many challenges, quality disparities between regions and overload in hospitals... The article focuses on studying the current status of education, health care, and its impact on the quality of life of the population.

Research on Anomaly Detection of Ship Behavior Based on Data Mining

With the increase in the number of ships and the intensifying maritime traffic, maritime accidents such as ship collisions and grounding occur frequently, posing serious threats to people's lives and property. Therefore, timely detection and correction of abnormal ship behaviors are of great significance for improving navigation safety. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) can provide real-time information on ships' positions, speeds, headings, and more, offering a rich data resource for data mining. Through the analysis of these data, it is possible to deeply explore the navigation patterns and characteristics of abnormal behaviors of ships. This paper applies data mining technology to the detection of abnormal ship behaviors, which not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of detection but also provides maritime regulatory authorities with richer decision-making support.

A Review of Seismic Optimization Design of Building Structures with Uniform Response

Earthquakes threaten human survival with powerful destructive power, and the performance of buildings in earthquakes is crucial. The seismic design of traditional building structures has the limitations of non-uniform response to displacement and acceleration, which can easily lead to partial damage to the building, unreasonable structure and difficulty in post-earthquake repair, which seriously affects the comfort and safety of the building. It is emphasized that improving the seismic safety of buildings is not only an inevitable requirement to ensure the safety of people's lives, but also to meet people's needs for continuous improvement of building comfort. The review shows that it is of great practical significance to study the seismic optimization design method of building structures with uniform response, which provides an important reference direction for the future design of building structures.

Lived and care experiences of young people with chronic musculoskeletal pain and mental health conditions. A systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and coexisting mental health conditions impact young people; however, little is known about their lived and care experiences. In a prospectively registered systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis (PROSPERO: CRD42022369914), we explored the following: (1) lived physical, psychological, and social experiences; and (2) care experiences/preferences of young people living with CMP and mental health conditions. Inclusion criteria: studies using qualitative methods; participants aged 16 to 24 years with CMP and coexisting mental health condition(s); phenomenon explored included lived and/or care experiences. Seven databases were searched (inception to 19-May-2024), study quality was assessed, data were extracted and analysed thematically, and GRADE-CERQual was used to assess confidence in findings. Twenty-two studies (23 reports) were included (>239 participants, 82% women). Lived experiences yielded 4 themes (9 findings): 2-way relationship between CMP and mental health (2 findings, low to moderate confidence); psychosocial implications of CMP (3 findings, very low-moderate confidence); uncertainty about future (2 findings, low-moderate confidence); coping with CMP and mental health conditions (2 findings, low-moderate confidence). Care experiences/preferences yielded 3 themes (8 findings): navigating healthcare systems (2 findings, moderate confidence); receiving appropriate care (3 findings, very low-moderate confidence); point-of-care experiences and care preferences (3 findings, very low-moderate confidence). Chronic musculoskeletal pain and mental health conditions are interconnected, significantly impacting young people's lives, identities, and socialisation, yet services for CMP and mental health are often inadequate and poorly integrated. The mechanisms and interplay of CMP and mental health require deeper exploration, including how young people may be better supported with personalised, holistic, developmentally and/or life-stage-appropriate integrated care.

Impact Assessment of Forest Degradation on Peoples Livelihood: The Case of Harena Buluq Woreda Bale Eco Region, Southeast Ethiopia

In developing countries like Ethiopia, forest degradation, characterized by the decline in forest cover and diminished capacity to provide essential goods and services, presents significant environmental, social, and economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of forest degradation on the way of life for the people living in the southeast Ethiopian woreda of Harena Buluq. Examining how forest degradation affects local livelihoods with a particular emphasis on livelihood strategies and the degree of reliance on forest resources is the main goal. In order to obtain qualitative insights, data was gathered by means of a combination of secondary sources and key informant interviews, which were complemented by on-site observations of the consequences of forest degradation. After gathering, the data was examined and shown. The findings underscore the multifaceted impact of forest degradation on the socio-economic fabric of communities in Harena Buluq, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate its adverse effects and promote sustainable livelihood practices.

An efficient enhanced stacked auto encoder assisted optimized deep neural network for forecasting Dry Eye Disease

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and Dry Eye Disease (DED) comprise two of the most significant eye diseases, impacting millions of sufferers worldwide. Several etiological factors influence the early symptoms of DED. Early diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction may significantly improve the Quality of Life (QoL) for people. The current study introduces the ESAE-ODNN, an improved stacked autoencoder-aided optimised deep neural network, as a new way to predict DED using feature selection (FS), feature extraction (FE), and classification. The approach described here is novel because it merges chaotic maps into FS, employs SLSTM-STSA for improved classification accuracy (CA), and optimizes with the adaptive quantum rotation of the Enhanced Quantum Bacterial Foraging Optimisation Algorithm (EQBFOA). The present study enhances prediction functions by extracting MGD-related features and complicated relationships from the DED dataset. To ensure essential feature identification, the ESAE minimizes irrelevant and redundant features. To predict the DED, the ESAE first applies FE and then implements an ODNN classifier. This method fine-tunes the ODNN framework to enhance the effectiveness of the classification. The proposed ESAE-ODNN classification system efficiently assists in the early diagnosis of DED. Combining advanced Deep Learning (DL) methods with optimization can help us understand MGD features better and sort the data with the best accuracy (96.34%). The experimental evaluation with relevant performance metrics indicates that the proposed method is efficient in diverse aspects: accurate identification, reduced complexity, and fine-tuned performance. The ESAE-ODNN’s robustness in handling intricate feature indications and high-dimensional data outperforms the existing state-of-the-art techniques.

Circularity, Sustainability, and the Quality of Coffee Sold via Vending Machines: What Do Italian Consumers Prefer?

ABSTRACTVending is an important sector in the daily lives of many people, and coffee is the most frequently consumed product in the European market. Like many other sectors, vending is responding to the challenge of sustainable development by taking various actions, such as offering increasingly ecologically sound coffee while maintaining/improving its quality. These are factors that consumers care greatly about. Although the scientific literature on coffee is vast, few studies have focused on the vending sector. The aim of the present study was to fill this gap by performing a choice experiment in Italy to understand which attributes (sustainable or nonsustainable) Italian consumers prioritized when purchasing coffee via vending machines. The results showed that the physical quality of coffee was paramount, while sustainability (although important) played a secondary role. The circularity of cups was the least considered aspect. The data obtained for this study contribute to academic knowledge of consumer behavior regarding the purchase of sustainable coffee at vending machines and can be used as a starting point for the development of strategies in line with sustainability principles [EconLit Citations: C9, Q01].

Outpatient exercise training for chronic lung disease - for whom, how and why?

There is a legal entitlement to participate in outpatient exercise groups in accordance with the German Social Code (Book IX) which regulates and facilitates prescriptions for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. A medical examination with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to admission to an exercise group ensures safe participation.Traditional outpatient exercise groups are conducted in face-to-face groups for 60 to 90 minutes, once a week, with structured warm-up, main and cool-down phases. In addition, since the coronavirus pandemic, the introduction of online exercise groups via videoconferencing has enabled flexible participation (even without a prescription). To date, more than 11,000 German patients have participated in online exercise groups since 2021.Scientific evidence confirms the significant benefits of regular exercise, such as improved physical performance and reduced breathlessness. The psychosocial benefits and the promotion of self-efficacy are additionally supported by the supervision of a specialized trainer. Regular exercise (e.g. in outpatient exercise groups) is an inexpensive and very effective form of therapy to improve the quality of life of people with chronic respiratory diseases.

A Transcriptional Signature of Induced Neurons Differentiates Virologically Suppressed People Living With HIV from People Without HIV.

Direct reprogramming of skin fibroblasts into neurons reveals unique gene signatures indicative of HIV infection in the context of viral suppression.

Phytocannabinoids restore seizure-induced alterations in emotional behaviour in male rats.

Epilepsy often presents with severe emotional comorbidities including anxiety and abnormal fear responses which impose a significant burden on, and reduce, quality of life in people living with the disease. Our lab has recently shown that kindled seizures lead to changes in emotional processing resulting from the downregulation of anandamide signalling within the amygdala. Phytocannabinoids derived from the Cannabis sativa plant have attracted a lot of interest as a new class of drugs with potential anticonvulsant effects. Among the wide number of compounds occurring in Cannabis sativa, Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the one responsible for its main psychoactive effects, and the nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) have been extensively examined under pre-clinical and clinical contexts to control seizures, however, neither have been assessed in the context of the management of emotional comorbidities associated with seizure activity. We used two behavioural procedures to assess anxiety- and fear-like responding in adult male Long-Evans rats: elevated plus maze and auditory fear conditioning. In agreement with previous reports, we found seizure-induced increases in anxiety- and fear-like responding. These effects were reversed by either CBD (vaporized) or THC (oral). We also found that antagonism of serotonin 1 A receptors prior to CBD exposure prevented its protective effects. Phytocannabinoids offer a novel and reliable opportunity to treat seizure induced comorbid emotional alterations.

High-precision 3D Modeling of Construction Waste Pile Bodies by Integrating Multi-source Data

Abstract. The instability of construction waste pile bodies, as an increasingly concerning disaster, poses significant risks to the safety of people's lives and property. Currently, there is limited research on high-precision 3D modeling techniques for construction waste pile bodies, which significantly hinders the accuracy and reliability of early detection and risk assessment of pile body instability. Therefore, constructing high-precision 3D models of construction waste pile bodies using multi-source data plays a crucial role in improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning systems for pile body instability, offering significant theoretical research and practical application value. Building 3D models of construction waste pile bodies solely based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography data faces challenges, such as various degrees of data voids and insufficient model completeness, and few methods currently address the construction of 3D models of construction waste pile bodies through the fusion of multi-source data. This paper attempts to use the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, combining SLAM laser point cloud data with UAV oblique photography data to fill data voids, and utilizes the fused point cloud to reconstruct the triangulation network, achieving the transformation from 3D point cloud models to 3D surface models. On the basis of texture mapping, a high-precision 3D model of the construction waste pile body is constructed. The research results show that the 3D model of the construction waste pile body, integrated with multi-source data, has a planar error of 0.0187m and an elevation error of 0.0368m, meeting the corresponding model accuracy requirements. It can more realistically restore the fine 3D features of the construction waste pile body, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of single-source data in 3D modeling of construction waste pile bodies, providing a new method for the 3D model reconstruction of construction waste pile bodies, and offering effective data support for construction waste research.

Follicle-stimulating hormone induces depression-like phenotype by affecting synaptic function.

Depression is one of the most common affective disorders in people's life. Women are susceptibility to depression during puberty, peripartum and menopause transition, when they are suffering from sex hormone fluctuation. A lot of studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of estrogen on depression in women, however, the effect of FSH on depression is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of FSH on depression in mice. Our study demonstrated that FSH induced depression-like behaviors in mice in a dose-dependent manner. This induction was associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in both serum and hippocampal tissues. Additionally, FSH treatment resulted in impaired synaptic plasticity and a reduction in the expression of key synaptic proteins. It is noteworthy that the depression-like behaviors, inflammatory cytokines expression and synaptic plasticity impairment induced by FSH could be alleviated by knocking down the expression of FSH receptor (FSHR) in the hippocampus of the mice. Therefore, our findings reveal that FSH may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and targeting FSH may be a potential therapeutic strategy for depression during hormone fluctuation in women.

Relationship Between Frequency of Physical Activity, Functional Mobility, and Self-Perceived Health in People with Different Levels of Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Habits including regular physical activity are necessary for maintaining good health. Functional mobility, including walking and going up and down stairs, is essential for personal autonomy and well-being. Pain is a condition related to biological and psychosocial aspects that influence people's lives. Objective: The main objectives of this study were (1) to analyse the associations between physical activity frequency (PAF) and self-perceived health (SPH) and functional mobility (walking and going up and down stairs) in middle-aged and older people living in Spain with different pain levels; and (2) to analyse the risk factors for having a negative SPH and functional mobility difficulties by calculating the probabilistic risks adjusted by different variables (sex, body mass index, social class, civil status, smoking status, pain level, and PAF). Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the European Health Survey data in Spain (EHSS 2014-2020) and The Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS 2017) was carried out, with a final sample of 21,152 participants with ages between 40 and 79 years. Results: Associations between high pain levels and worse SPH and difficulties in walking and climbing stairs were found. Lower PAF levels were associated with higher-probability risks of having a negative SPH and difficulties in walking and climbing stairs. Conclusions: Physical inactivity emerged as an important risk factor for worse SPH and functional mobility. These associations underline the importance that PA programmes can play in the improvement of health and functional mobility, as well as in other aspects, in people with pain.