Economic Life Research Articles

ECONOMIC JOURNALISM OF THE NOVOYE VREMYA OF THE 1880 S

The article represents the first attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the economic journalism in A.S. Suvorin’s newspaper Novoye Vremya in the 1880s. It was a period when after heated discussions about the role of private and state capital in the economy, the public sentiment and government policy increasingly shifted in favor of the necessity of state ownership in such strategically important areas of the national economy as railways, mining plants and forests. After A.S. Suvorin acquired ownership of the Novoye Vremya in 1876, the newspaper took on a noticeable national-democratic slant, which became increasingly more conspicuous over the years. Despite the editor’s allegiance to the authorities, his contemporaries deservedly saw him as an independent figure. The influence of Suvorin’s newspaper was so significant that the famous parlor general E.V. Bogdanovich tried (not always successfully) to use it to his advantage. Bogdanovich, who initially advocated the “concession” nature of the Siberian Railway, later supported its construction at the expense of the treasury. A.S. Suvorin himself, as well as such regular newspaper contributors as V.K. Petersen and K.A. Skalkovsky were also initially supporters of private capital, concerning it an active creative force. At the same time, Novoye Vremya assessed the German experience of “state socialism” quite positively, but pointed out its inapplicability to Russian conditions and the lack of a suffcient number of active and incorruptible officials in the country. In 1883 K.A. Skalkovsky engaged in polemics with M.N. Katkov, criticizing his project to create state-owned grain elevators. However, from the mid-1880s the editors of Novoye Vremya were forced to support “statist” tendencies in the economic life of the country. In general, the economic policy of that time was not as dogmatic as in the subsequent socialist era. Subject to political interests, it was rather instrumental, practical and situational in its orientation, and the ambiguity of the position of the publicists of Suvorin’s periodical largely resulted from the latter circumstance.

The legacy of a 20th-century cleric: a Catholic priest’s economic chronicles. Anthropological insights from written documents

This study focuses on a unique collection of personal economic records and additional documents from the 20th century, belonging to a Catholic priest from Satu Mare County, Romania. The material is exceptional, as it represents a rare collection of written documents from the Hungarian-speaking region of the 20th century, authored by a Catholic priest. These records provide an in-depth look into the life of a priest, who, despite his clerical duties, maintained a strong connection to farming, a legacy from his farmer-herdsman parents of Swabian descent. The economic records, which span from 1949 to the 1960s, offer insights into the priest's personal and economic life. They include narratives about managing a parish, engaging in farming activities, and handling personal financial transactions. These documents not only reflect his efforts to balance religious responsibilities with agricultural interests but also illuminate the socio-economic conditions of the time. The study explores the priest's economic decisions, the value he placed on different assets, and his understanding of wealth in a changing society. It also examines the broader context of peasant embourgeoisement in 20th-century Romania, highlighting how a priest and his family navigated the transition from a traditional peasant lifestyle to a more bourgeois existence. This transition is evidenced by their adoption of modern goods and technologies, changes in family dynamics, and shifts in career strategies, reflecting the complex interplay between personal, economic, and social factors during a period of significant societal change. Overall, the paper offers a micro-historical perspective on the life of this 20th-century priest, providing valuable insights into his unique experiences and the broader socio-economic transformations of the era.

Brief of Amici Curiae economists in support of respondents in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.

A pillar of Mississippi's argument in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health was that there is no evidence of "societal reliance" on abortion, meaning no reason to believe that access to abortion impacts the ability of women to participate in the economic and social life of the nation. Led by economist Caitlin Myers and attorney Anjali Srinivasan, more than 150 economists filed an amicus brief seeking to assist the Court in understanding that this assertion is erroneous. The economists describe developments in causal inference methodologies over the last three decades, and the ways in which these tools have been used to isolate the measure of the effects of abortion legalization in the 1970s and of abortion policies and access over the ensuing decades. The economists argue that there is a substantial body of well-developed and credible research that shows that abortion access has had and continues to have a significant effect on birth rates as well as broad downstream social and economic effects, including on women's educational attainment and job opportunities. What follows is a reprint of this brief.

Sustainability Assessment of 2G Bioethanol Production from Residual Lignocellulosic Biomass

The development of sustainable biofuels can help to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the impact of climate change. This study analyzes bioethanol production from agro-forestry residual biomass, namely eucalyptus residues and corn stover. The study includes process simulation using Aspen Plus software, followed by economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) with the help of SimaPro software and by applying the environmental footprint (EF) 3.0 method. The economic analysis on the biorefinery’s economic viability, equipment, and production costs reveals a positive decision for bioethanol production from eucalyptus residues due to logistical and transportation costs. The minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) obtained was 2.19 €/L and 2.45 €/L for eucalyptus residues and corn stover, respectively. From the LCA with a functional unit of 1 MJ of ethanol, bioethanol production from eucalyptus residues results in a single score impact of 37.86 µPt, whereas for corn stover, it is 33.47 µPt. In the climate change impact category, the eucalyptus residues scenario has an impact of 0.264 kg CO2 eq/MJ ethanol while corn stover leads to 0.254 kg CO2 eq/MJ ethanol. In-situ enzyme production, heat integration, and the use of renewable energy sources were also analyzed. Combining in situ enzyme production with renewable energy sources lowers CO2 equivalent emissions by 89% for both feedstocks, in comparison to the base-case scenario.

Developments of the Romanian State and Law in the Period of Communism

The establishment of the communist regime in Romania began in the immediate aftermath of World War II, with the seizure of power by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) and the elimination of political opposition. The communist regime imposed a totalitarian ideology based on full state control over all aspects of social, economic and political life. During the communist period, the Romanian state was transformed into a totalitarian state with an authoritarian and centralized regime. Political power was concentrated in the hands of the Communist Party and the state became an instrument of its control. State institutions were subordinated to the party, and the separation of powers in the state was abolished in favour of an executive power dominated by Communist leaders. As far as the legal system is concerned, the communist period brought significant changes in legislation and judicial procedures. The law was used as a tool to control and suppress political opposition and all forms of dissent. Judicial proceedings were politicised and the independence of the judiciary was undermined in favour of the political interests of the communist regime.

Potret Kesadaran Masyarakat Dalam Mengelola Sampah Rumah Tangga

The aim of this research is to understand the extent to which the Sentiong community cares about managing household waste. The method used is descriptive qualitative using data collection techniques carried out through investigations and interviews. The results of the research imply that the awareness of the Sentiong community in dominating household waste is still in the small category. This is due to the large amount of waste being thrown away haphazardly, the lack of waste sorting, and the lack of public knowledge. Throwing away rubbish is a daily activity that everyone does, this can lead to deviant behavior if it is carried out by people who behave badly towards the environment. Waste can cause problems, but it can also strengthen the economic life of the community. Various types of waste produced from industry and households, if not managed well and correctly, will have the potential to weaken the community's economy, this is because it will absorb quite a large amount of funds for handling waste that is not managed well and correctly, which is considered from a hygiene, health and environmental perspective.

MENUMBUHKAN KESADARAN DAN MOTIVASI ANAK TK HIDUP SEHAT HEMAT MELALUI FUN LEARNING

The learning process from an early age needs to be introduced to children as a fundamental means of personal development. One important aspect that needs to be instilled is awareness and motivation for living a healthy and economical life. It's not just about physical health, but financial health as well, which is a factor influencing future well-being. Establishing habits cannot be achieved overnight, but require continuous processes and training to shape character and habits. This activity aims to raise awareness and motivation among kindergarten students about the importance of living a healthy and economical life through fun learning, so that they are motivated to live healthily and save for the future. Methods include preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. Preparation involves initial visits and meetings with school principals. Implementation is carried out through interactive activities to help students understand the benefits of living a healthy and economical life. Evaluation is done by observing students' reactions after the activity. The results can be seen in the increased understanding of students regarding healthy and economical living. Students are able to differentiate between expensive and cheap foods, and identify healthy foods in their packed meals. The enthusiasm and active behavior of students in answering questions reflect their increased motivation. Furthermore, the series of activities and interactions conducted by students with the children are able to nurture and stimulate artistic sensibilities, creativity, thinking skills, and motor skills. This can be seen through the development and ability of students to complete each activity faster than in previous sessions. The approach through fun learning activities is able to provide understanding, build awareness, and motivate children to adopt healthy and economical living habits.

Development of China’s innovative infrastructure through public-private partnership

While determining plans for growth of gross domestic product targets in the 14th five-year plan, China outlined an infrastructure plan for the country’s development as one of the growth drivers, and thus prioritised mastery of new technologies and job creation. It is a formulated and implemented today in China dual circulation strategy. China is building an advanced digital and innovative infrastructure. Such a modern public-private partnership institution (hereinafter referred to as PPP), which became widespread in the world and in China, is the best example of the appropriateness of interaction of the public and private sectors in economic development of the state. This institution has proved its viability by combining the efforts and resources of the state and private business in the framework of specific projects and thus shaping a new quality of development. PPP is one of the most successful economic instruments for interaction of the state and private business in infrastructure development with raising capital. PPP shows its sustainability in China’s innovative economic life: civil aviation infrastructure, construction of high-speed railways, utilities in megalopolises. These are knowledge- and material-intensive projects where PPP are particularly effective in attracting capital and implementing projects. The purpose of this study is to analyse PPP development in China and participation of PPP in the development of China’s innovative infrastructure with the full support of the state.

Dinamika Kesultanan Panai Tahun 1862 – 1946

Cultural history in East Sumatra, close relationship with interactions between residents and immigrants. North Sumatra is one of the well-known migration destination areas in Indonesia and even Asia, because it is supported by its rapid economic development. The governments of kingdoms and sultanates in the past were founded on the banks of rivers which were the means and source of social and economic life. The Panai Sultanate was one of the sultanates that built a government center on the river bank. Apart from being a strategic location and a source of livelihood. The main focus of this thesis problem is the history of a sultanate that was once established in the city of Labuhanbilik by analyzing the sultanate. This sultanate is called the Panai Sultanate which is located in Labuhanbilik Village, Central Panai District. Another problem is that the author discusses the dynamics of the Panai Sultanate in 1862-1946 and the factors of the destruction of the Panai Sultanate. The type of method used in this research process is the historical research method. Meanwhile, for the approach, the author uses a qualitative approach. In searching for data, this research uses data collection techniques which consist of three types, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The observation technique was carried out by going directly to research locations such as the Panai Grand Mosque, Tengku Kelana Putra Tomb, Labuhanbatu Regency Regional Library, Tengku Luckman Sinar Reading Park, and the area of ​​the former Panai sultanate located in Labuhanbilik Village, Central Panai District. Meanwhile, the interview technique was carried out using interview sessions with informants, namely community leaders from Labuhanbilik Village, staff from the Panai Tengah sub-district office, and officials from the Mabmi Medan office management. And documentation techniques are carried out by collecting sources, both oral and written sources. The results obtained from this research are that the Panai Sultanate was an ethnic Malay Sultanate that was founded around 1670 with the first capital being Kampung Sipege, then Mabar Negeri Lama and finally Labuhanbilik. The Panai Sultanate has a royal leadership lineage of ten kings. The ten kings are Raja Murai, Raja Umu, Raja Muhammad Soleh, Raja Kaharuddin, Raja Abdullah, Raja Muhammad Tahir, Tengku Sulong Syahnara, Tengku Kelana Putra, Tengku Mahmud Aman, and Tengku Hamlet. The Panai Sultanate was destroyed when the social revolution occurred in 1946 in East Sumatra. The fact that can prove the existence of the Panai Sultanate is the existence of the remains of this Sultanate to this day in the form of mosques and tombs.

Bibliometric Analysis of Key Issues and Objectives in Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainable Project Management

The environmental, economic, and social sustainability of construction project management was researched through a literature review in this study. This paper aimed to analyze the trends in studies about issues in sustainable project management and to research the importance and components of environmental, economic, and social sustainability and their interrelationships. In the scope of the bibliometric analysis, the articles were analyzed by their publication years, authors, authors' countries, authors' organizations, and keyword occurrences. Then, the problems in ensuring the sustainability of construction project management and suggestions for overcoming these problems were reviewed. In previous studies, high energy and raw material consumption and waste became the main factors that prevented environmental sustainability. A strong relationship was found between economic sustainability and life cycle cost assessment, and effective stakeholder engagement is considered the major contributor to the social sustainability of construction management. Sustainability regulations and policies, managerial capabilities, and organizational learning also have critical significance for achieving sustainable construction. The dimensions of sustainability in construction management are closely related to one another, and each one is crucial to achieving the other aspects of sustainability in construction projects. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy that takes into account social, economic, and environmental sustainability criteria should be adopted in construction project management.

What to Compare When Comparing Inequalities in Educational Systems? Beyond School Disparities, Social Reproduction

Objective: International comparisons influence educational policies, but their foundations are seldom examined. The academic dimension is emphasized, despite the goal of integrating youth into the social and economic life of most countries. This research supports this perspective and aims to assess the role of educational systems in the reproduction of social inequalities in Latin America. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in the theories of social reproduction and conflict, addressing concepts such as school segregation and the valuation of diplomas in social mobility. Method: A qualitative and comparative methodology was adopted, focusing on the educational systems of Latin America. It was structured into four components: literature review, comparative analysis, analysis of public data, and synthesis of findings. Data collection involved the analysis of secondary data. Results and Discussion: The results revealed persistent educational inequalities in the region, such as school segregation and differences in diploma valuation. The discussion highlighted how schools and diplomas perpetuate social inequalities, influencing the social and economic trajectories of young people. Research Implications: It emphasizes the need to evaluate educational systems beyond academic performance, considering their impact on social integration. It underscores the urgency of reforms for inclusion, equity, and intersectoral collaboration. Originality/Value: This study offers a new perspective on educational inequality in Latin America, examining the impact of school segregation and diploma valuation on social mobility. It enriches academic dialogue and educational practices.

Negotiating access and belonging: Recounting the lived experiences and challenges of migrant women returnees in Nigeria

The study explores the lived experiences of women migrant returnees in Nigeria. It aims to highlight the motivation and push factors for migration, understand the challenges and lived experiences of migrant women, and appraise their integration and sense of belonging. Through referrals and purposive sampling, a total of 20 migrant women were recruited and interviewed. The inclusion criteria include those who have lived and worked in the diaspora for a minimum of 5 years and 2 years as a returnee in Nigeria, respectively. The exclusion criteria involve women who migrated with families and those considered professionals. Themes were identified with the NVivo (v.12) qualitative software and the Content Qualitative Analytical tool employed to interpret these themes. The need for migration for many women includes access to improved economic life, infrastructure, and amenities, means of sustaining families in the home country, and improved social and political security. The lived experience of women migrants in the diaspora includes sexual harassment, rape, forced and inhumane labour practices, low wages, isolation and depression, and xenophobia. For many returnees, the challenge includes unemployment, integration, family support, inflation, and financial insolvency. The quest for integration and belonging is limited for many returnees. The paper argues for more robust migration policies and a well-established policy of integration for migrant returnees. The study recommends a more monitoring effort of the activities of the Nigerian border. This recommendation becomes crucial with the porous borders in Nigeria through which people, including women, migrate to other countries illegally and undocumented.

Πρόσφυγες ή μετανάστες; Αναπαραστάσεις των προσφυγικών ροών από τους μελλοντικούς εκπαιδευτικούς

Flows of refugee populations into a country usually create a de facto religious, ethnic, linguistic or cultural diversity which eventually has its impact on the host country’s educational system. Objectively existing heterogeneity does not mean, however, that the host country population automatically adopts a positive attitude towards this change and that it endorses without reservations or reactions the official narrative of the value and usefulness of a multicultural society. The positive attitudes of political formations, scientific unions, intellectuals, artists and other influential authorities in the public sphere may contribute to the development of a climate of acceptance of the "other", but the course of the narrative of multiculturalism from its exponents to the wider social body should not be considered linear. Of particular interest are the perceptions of future teachers about the motives behind the refugee flows to the host country. This paper presents and discusses some of the results of an empirical study on a sample of 297 students of educational faculties / future teachers on the motivations of refugees to cross the borders. The central question this article attempts to answer is (a) whether the new generation of teachers sees behind the refugee flows individuals who move because they are in danger (refugees) or persons who attempt to improve their economic life conditions (migrants), and (b) whether this perception has an impact on the degree of endorsing multiculturalism on their part as a positive social model.

Współpraca Polski i Mołdawii. Geneza, obszary, uwarunkowania

Cooperation between Poland and Moldova is carried out on many levels. Its dynamics have been increasing in recent years. This is evidenced by both the intensification of contacts at the intergovernmental level and the increasing number of joint projects implemented, for example, as part of Polish development cooperation. Increased activity in the economic sphere is also noticeable. In recent years, the value of trade between our countries has increased. Political cooperation implemented in the form of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Republic of Poland and the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova as well as at the Polish-Moldavian European Integration Forum is also important. For Moldova, taking into account the specific nature of this country, Polish political activities related to expressed support on the way to European integration are of significant value. Moldova declared its independence on August 27, 1991. As a result of the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the establishment of independent states, on December 27, 1991, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland adopted a resolution on their recognition. Since then, cooperation has been developing in many spheres of political, economic, and social life. This analysis aims to present the most important forms, areas, and effects of cooperation between Poland and Moldova. Given the increasingly closer relations between entities from various sectors in recent years, it is appropriate to show mutual experiences from previous cooperation, but also an outline of common history.

Tourism Development: Economic Interests and Environmental Problems (Yogyakarta Tourism Destinations Study, Indonesia)

Tourism is an important part of economic development efforts in various countries. as well as being an economic driver who plays an important role in advancing economic life. However, tourism also harms the environment, especially the waste problem. This study aims to examine the negative impact of tourism on waste generation at tourist destinations in the city of Yogyakarta, especially in the tourist destination Malioboro and its surroundings. The research was conducted using qualitative methods, with a case study approach. The results revealed that tourism in the city of Yogyakarta plays an important role in driving the economic life of the community and government in various service, trade, industrial/crafts, and agricultural sectors. Related to the emergence of environmental problems, the government has anticipated maintaining cleanliness in the city of Yogyakarta. The part that is still a problem related to waste disposal is the Final Waste Disposal Area. Suggestions that can be proposed are efforts to increase the budget for waste handling; application of more advanced technology, and continuing to support the development of eco-friendly tourism.

Durability analysis of large and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles based on load spectrum and probabilistic fracture mechanics

The analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) durability is crucial for cost-effective repair and maintenance. Assessing the degree of damage and predicting the economic lifespan of a UAV is a critical component of its design and use. To evaluate the durability of large and medium-sized UAVs, data is gathered, and simulations are performed under real-world working conditions. The analysis includes creating a crack growth model for small cracks and determining the distribution of crack sizes, estimating the distribution of Time to Crack Initiation (TTCI), and calculating the general Equivalent Initial Flaw Size (EIFS) distribution. The results obtained from these analyses meet the UAV’s flight hour requirements and help to predict its economic life. This prediction is also beneficial for managing and maintaining the UAV’s life cycle.

KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP DEBITUR DALAM PELUNASAN KREDIT MENGENAI HAK TANGGUNGAN

Economic life is inseparable from daily life in running a business to create prosperity, and one way to do this is through borrowing capital. However, obtaining capital is not easy; it requires a process and collateral to secure the loan. One of the avenues to obtain capital is through bank loans. Banks, as financial institutions, provide capital to facilitate access to credit. In this process, banks often require collateral. In the execution of credit facilities, debtors who have repaid business loan credits with collateral such as land certificates and building certificates at a bank are entitled to receive back the collateral that was handed over to the bank. The bank, as the creditor, has the obligation to return the collateral to the debtor who has fulfilled their obligations. However, there are cases where creditors do not return the debtor's collateral documents. In such cases, the legal recourse for the debtor to regain the collateral from the creditor will depend on factors such as the cancellation of the mortgage rights and the effort to reclaim the collateral if the creditor does not return the collateral documents.

THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: THE POWER OF KNOWLEDGE AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF MOROCCAN WOMEN

Recently, the term third wave has spread, which refers to a new branch of economic science, which has become necessary in the global context, which is the knowledge economy. This economic model is based on a deeper understanding of the role of knowledge and human capital in the development of the economy and the progress of societies. It is an advanced economic pattern based on the effective use of multiple technologies in general, and information and communications technology, while harnessing knowledge as an essential component of production processes. This study dealt with a new type of economy based on knowledge and its role in the economic empowerment of women within Moroccan society. The problem of the study was represented by raising the question: Does the knowledge economy have a direct positive impact on building women’s capabilities or an indirect negative impact? What is new is the extent of its impact on economic and social life and on women’s lifestyle in general, which came as a result of the integrated national plans of the Kingdom of Morocco with specific timetables and goals.

Social (de)stratification in Europe: An empirical analysis of 22 welfare systems

EU national governments and the EU itself are committed to improving the ef-fectiveness of social protection systems to promote the spread of ‘horizontal' relationships between individuals and remove inequalities that prevent people from fully participating in political, economic, and social life. We evaluate this process by examining the performance of social protection systems in 22 Euro-pean countries, focusing on the phenomenon of social stratification over the pe-riod 2007-2017. For this purpose, we refer to both a multidimensional perfor-mance index and principal component analysis. The empirical evidence suggests that the financial crisis of 2007 and the Great Recession that started after 2011 changed (in many ways downsized) the objectives of social protection systems, contributing only partially to the de-stratification of the population of European states over the period covered.

웰에이징을 위한 경제교육의 필요성 연구

This study is a descriptive study to create and implement an economic education program to solve the problem of economic poverty among the elderly. Data collection was conducted through Gallup Korea, and the total number of respondents was 37 education experts. The collected data were analyzed as follows. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed in terms of frequency and percentage, importance and degree of implementation of economic program operation, importance and degree of knowledge of economic education programs, and importance and performance of work according to period of employment was analyzed by means and standard deviation. The regression analysis was conducted on the importance and implementation of economic education programs according to period of employment, importance and level of knowledge of economic education programs, and importance and performance of work according to period of employment. In order to examine educators' perceptions of each area related to economic education, IPA (importance-performance analysis) was conducted on the importance and performance. In consequence, 'program plan establishment' was found to be a main improvement area. As a result of analyzing the importance and knowledge of each item on the contents of economic education, 'economic life after retirement' was found to be a competitive advantage area, and 'government economic support policy' is important, but the degree of knowledge about it is only at the average level, so improvement is required.