Life Of Diabetic Patients Research Articles

The effect of spiritual care on spiritual well-being and quality of life in diabetic patients: a clinical trial

The effect of spiritual care on spiritual well-being and quality of life in diabetic patients: a clinical trial

Relationship between dietary practice status and quality of life in diabetic patients

Relationship between dietary practice status and quality of life in diabetic patients

Prediction of Diabetic Neuropathy Using Machine Learning Techniques

Peripheral polyneuropathy is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, and it results in neuropathic pain, falling tendency, and foot ulcers as well as sensory and motor impairments. Numerous risk factors for diabetic neuropathy had been revealed through statistical analysis; however, statistics draw population inferences and might not be suitable for providing realtime prediction for each patient in clinical practice. Machine learning techniques were developed to find any predictive patterns based on input data. Such strategies can help predict neuropathy in diabetic patients, enabling prevention or early treatment to increase quality of life in diabetic patients. This article summarizes recent studies concerning the prediction of diabetic neuropathy using machine learning techniques, and suggests approaches for useful translation of these methods in the medical field.

A Concise and Systematic Review on Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring for Potential Diabetes Management.

The current standard of diabetes management depends upon the invasive blood pricking techniques. In recent times, the availability of minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring devices have made some improvements in the life of diabetic patients however it has its own limitations which include painful insertion, excessive cost, discomfort and an active risk due to the presence of a foreign body under the skin. Due to all these factors, the non-invasive glucose monitoring has remain a subject of research for the last two decades and multiple techniques of non-invasive glucose monitoring have been proposed. These proposed techniques have the potential to be evolved into a wearable device for non-invasive diabetes management. This paper reviews research advances and major challenges of such techniques or methods in recent years and broadly classifies them into four types based on their detection principles. These four methods are: optical spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, electromagnetic sensing and nanomaterial based sensing. The paper primarily focuses on the evolution of non-invasive technology from bench-top equipment to smart wearable devices for personalized non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring in these four methods. With the rapid evolve of wearable technology, all these four methods of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring independently or in combination of two or more have the potential to become a reality in the near future for efficient, affordable, accurate and pain-free diabetes management.

Effects of Low-Impact Strengthening Exercises on Limb Pain and Strength in Diabetic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Background: Diabetic nephropathy becomes a disease with a high mortality rate in this modern era of technology. Dialysis in diabetic patients affects kidney functioning is the most common treatment for end-stage renal failure but had different musculoskeletal complications due to bone mineral metabolisms like muscular cramping, atrophy and muscular weakness, restless leg syndrome and limb pain that lowers the quality of life and physical function. Objective: To evaluate the effects of low-impact strengthening exercises on limb pain, strength, glycemic control, hypertension and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods: The randomized controlled study was designed to check the effectiveness of low-impact strengthening exercises on patients involved in the treatment and control group. Using non-probability purposive sampling, data was collected from different hospitals in Faisalabad by providing treatment for six consecutive weeks. Outcomes of measures were pain, strength, glucose level, blood pressure and quality of life which were estimated through the numeric pain rating scale, manual muscle testing, glucometer, sphygmomanometer and kidney disease quality of life questionnaire respectively. Results: Low-impact strengthening exercises in the treatment group showed improvement in muscle strength, blood pressure, glycemic level, pain and quality of life in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease as compared to the control group. Mean values showed that there was a statistically significant difference in different variables between both groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between both groups in the improvement of limb pain and limb muscle strength by low-impact strengthening exercises. These exercises have positive effects on diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease in the treatment group as compared to the control group.

Evaluation of the Effect of Pistaciakhinjuk Leaves Billardieri on Metabolic Control and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Referred to Sedigheh Tahereh Endocrine and Metabolism Center in Isfahan

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic abnormality that results in increased plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and decreased quality of life due to decreased insulin secretion. Considering the side effects of chemical drugs, researchers are looking for alternative and complementary methods such as herbal treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the tea of pistaciakhinjuk plant on the indicators of metabolic control and the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
 Methods: On total, 72 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups, intervention and control. The intervention group consumed 240 cc of pistaciakhinjuk leaf tea daily after breakfast and dinner for one month. The control group continued their usual treatment process. Data collection was done with Jacobsen's questionnaire measuring the quality of life in diabetes patients and data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics methods.
 Results: The independent t-test and also the analysis of variance test with repeated observations showed that the average score of metabolic indicators and quality of life one month and three months after the intervention in the test group was significantly lower than the control group (p value < 0.05).
 Conclusion: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the experimental group before and after the intervention. This means that pistaciakhinjuk leaves billardieri affected fasting sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study.

The present study investigates whether modifiable behavioral factors of current cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and regular exercise are associated with risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients. A total of 2,644,440 diabetic patients (aged ≥20 years) was analyzed using the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the behavioral factors with risk of LEA under adjustment for potential confounders. The risk of LEA was significantly increased by current cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption (HR, 1.436; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.367 to 1.508 and HR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.011 to 1.158) but significantly decreased with regular exercise (HR, 0.745; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.786) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, low income, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, using insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs, and diabetic duration. A synergistically increased risk of LEA was observed with larger number of risky behaviors. Modification of behaviors of current smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and exercise prevents LEA and can improve physical, emotional, and social quality of life in diabetic patients.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AT SPECIALIZED CENTER FOR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES IN BAGHDAD CITY

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the crucial chronic diseases with several complications; people with type 2 diabetes have a lower quality of life than normal ones. Around the world, health related quality of life is widely used as a health outcome measurement. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life of patients with type diabetes mellitus (DM) and to determine some selected clinical and sociodemographic factors that affect the quality of life of these patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the health-related quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. The study was achieved from 12th January 2021 to 2nd of August 2021. A purposive sample selection was used to collect data from (150) patients. The study tool was constructed by the researchers to meet the study's objectives including an adopted scale to measure health-related quality of life in diabetic patients, Participants were asked to complete three parts of the questionnaire: Part I socio-demographic data, Part II includes clinical data and Part III which measure health-related quality of life by using (Sf-12 short-form health survey) which measure health related quality of life for the diabetic patients. Results: The result shows the general health level of patients are fair (mean= 27.00Å}20.382), while physical role (mean= 25.33Å}43.631) and emotional role (mean= 23.33Å}42.437) are poor, on the other hand the physical function (mean= 48.50Å}37.161), bodily pain (mean=53.83Å}27.742), mental health (mean= 51.20Å}28.391), vitality (mean= 42.13Å}28.393) and social function (mean= 49.00Å}33.887) are at a moderate levels. The results show a significant association between the age, level of education, and monthly income of the patients in relation to physical and mental domains at a P-value ?0.001. Conclusion: The overall health of the patients was fair despite their physical and emotional well-being levels being poor. While physical function, vitality, and bodily pain, levels were demonstrated as moderate.

Anemia a Contributory Factor Affecting Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabete1s Mellitus Patients

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its effects on the quality of life in diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Government Naseer Ullah Khan Babar Memorial Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. All diabetic patients admitted to the medical ward were included in this study, and their blood samples were obtained in heparinised and EthyleneDiamineTetracetic Acid (EDTA) tubes by aseptic technique after informed consent. All samples were assessed for sugar levels and complete blood count. RESULTS: 118 diabetic patients were enrolled in this study, 66% of patients were females, and 34% were males. Female patients in age groups 1, 2 and 3 were more than males, and in age group 4, all patients were male. Anemia was found in about 79% of females and 21% of male patients. CONCLUSION: Albuminuria and renal insufficiency are important factors in understanding and investigations of anemia. Diabetic patients must be screened for anemia and treated accordingly to improve the quality of life in such patients and reduce morbidity and mortality rate.

Paeoniflorin ameliorates diabetic liver injury by targeting the TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in db/db mice

BackgroundDiabetic liver injury (DLI) is a complication that damages the quality of life in diabetes patients. While paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, no data are available on whether PF protects against DLI. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of PF on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of PF on DLI using diabetic mice model (db/db mice) and high glucose (HG)-induced mouse AML12 cells. The effects of PF on TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by Western bloting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. Through molecular docking experiments and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we studied the binding ability of PF to thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). We use TXNIP siRNA to knock down TXNIP in AML12 cells. ResultsWe found that PF reversed abnormal liver function and liver steatosis in db/db mice, while blocking the release of inflammatory cytokines. These effects are associated with PF inhibition of the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Molecular docking experiments and CETSA also demonstrated that TXNIP is a likely target of PF. In HG-treated AML12 cells, TXNIP knockdown eliminated the beneficial effects of PF. ConclusionUsing a combination of animal and in vitro experiments, this study demonstrated for the first time that PF ameliorates DLI through targeting the TXNIP-activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PF may be a potential therapeutic agent against DLI.

Potential risk factors for peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study from central Rajasthan

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common and debilitating but preventable complications of diabetes mellitus, with significant morbidity as it often leads to foot ulceration and amputation. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the potential risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) which can affect its progression.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 240 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus which included 120 patients with clinical evidence of DPN as cases and 120 patients without clinical evidence of DPN as controls. DPN was assessed clinically by neuropathic symptoms and neurological examination using 10 g 5.07 Semmes–Weinstein monofilament and vibration digital biothesiometer. Data regarding presence of potential risk factors were collected from all participants and analyzed using logistic regression analysis to measure an association with DPN.Results: A significant and independent association of advancing age, longer duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, poor glycemic control, autonomic neuropathy and retinopathy with DPN (p<0.05) was observed. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, gender, body mass index, method of diabetes control and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor usage were not found be associated with DPN.Conclusions: Since hyperglycemia and poor glycemic control were only modifiable risk factors for DPN, intensive glycemic control and primary prevention are the cornerstones for reducing the incidence or slowing the progression of neuropathy and improving quality of life in diabetic patients.

The bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes

Introduction and objective: In recent years, depression and diabetes have become more and more serious medical issues. The number of patients suffering from one or both of these disorders increases year by year, which significantly worsens their quality of life. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the basic mechanisms and risk factors influencing the development of depression in patients with diabetes, as well as the bidirectional relationship between these illnesses. The study was based on a literature review and an analysis of publications available on PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. The search has been conducted with the use of a combination of keywords like: “diabetes type 1”, “diabetes type 2”, “depression”, “mental health”.
 An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Every third patient with diabetes shows depressive symptoms. These psychological disorders are more common in people with type 1 diabetes. The most vulnerable group of patients are single women with low socioeconomic status and comorbidities. Numerous biochemical and psychosocial changes in the life of diabetic patients, significantly increase the risk of developing depression. The latest scientific reports also draw attention to the two-way relationship between diabetes and depression. The inclusion of cognitive-behavioral therapy brings positive results in managing diabetes with comorbid depression.
 Summary: The available scientific data clearly shows the existence of psychological and biological links between these two disease entities. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders can improve the course of diabetes.

Clinical and economic benefits of continuous blood glucose monitoring devices

The main intervention to reduce the macro-and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains to achieve better long-term glycemic control. We have discussed the clinical and economic advantages of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices for type 1 DM and type 2 DM (T1DM and T2DM) based on data from relevant studies in the literature. Our findings show that using these modalities is associated with remarkable outcomes, including reduced HbA1c levels and enhanced glycemic control among patients with T1DM and T2DM. This can enhance the quality of care and life for diabetic patients and intervene against the development of serious complications and hypoglycemia-related adverse events. The cost of routinely using these devices might seem relatively high. However, the estimated cost benefits are usually higher as they can significantly reduce hospitalization rates due to hypoglycemia and the frequency of diabetic therapy malpractices, which are frequently encountered. However, not many studies have reported these outcomes, indicating the need to conduct future relevant studies.

An Overview of Diabetes Mellitus in Egypt as a Major Public Health Problem

Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising rapidly in Egypt with major health and socioeconomic consequences. The shortage of endocrinologists is another important issue in Egypt that must be taken into consideration. Objective: To review and discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, and different ways of diabetes care in Egypt. In addition, the aim is also to analyze the problem of the shortage of endocrinologists and how it can be solved. Methods: Searching and reviewing medical literature using PubMed, Google scholar, and some other gray literature from the World Health Organization (WHO), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: Egypt is ranked ninth in the prevalence of diabetes worldwide according to IDF with a prevalence of 15.2% in the adult population in early 2020. The prevalence is expected to continue rising to more serious levels. This high prevalence is attributed to common risk factors in Egypt such as obesity, physical inactivity, chronic hepatitis C infection, pesticides, smoking, and bad eating habits. Moreover, we are in an increased demand for more endocrinologists in the Egyptian health care system. Conclusion: Understanding and avoiding the risk factors of diabetes is a crucial step towards reducing its prevalence and minimizing its healthcare and socioeconomic burdens in Egypt. Effective strategies should be applied for proper diabetes management and improving the quality of life in diabetic patients. Increasing the number of endocrinologists is also a key element for better diabetes care. Keywords: Diabetes in Egypt, Diabetes epidemiology, Hepatitis C virus, Obesity, Smoking, Pesticides.

Review the Evidence for Structured Education in Diabetes Management

Structured Education is of detrimental importance for the management, counseling, and prevention of complications in diabetic patients. Different structured education programs exist that significantly improves the quality of life in diabetic patients as well as improves psychosocial outcomes by enhancing self-empowerment and self-motivation. Improvements have also been noted in bio-medical outcomes as a result of structured education most significantly in HbA1C, total cholesterol and frequency of hypoglycemia. In order to ensure patient satisfaction and improve outcomes related to complications, it is very important to identify and support patients whose psychosocial situations and reactions to the diagnosis may affect their ability to adjust or take adequate responsibility for self-care early in the course of the disease. In this review, we will discuss and highlight the evidence that support the benefits, limitations, and cost effectiveness of structured education in diabetes management

Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Diabetic Liver Injury by Targeting the TXNIP-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome in Db/Db Mice

Diabetic liver injury (DLI) is a complication that damages the quality of life in diabetes patients. While paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, no data are available on whether PF protects against DLI. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of PF on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model.In this study, we investigated the effects of PF on DLI using diabetic mice model (db/db mice) and high glucose (HG)-induced mouse AML12 cells. The effects of PF on TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by Western bloting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. Through molecular docking experiments and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we studied the binding ability of PF to thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). We use TXNIP siRNA to knock down TXNIP in AML12 cells.We found that PF reversed abnormal liver function and liver steatosis in db/db mice, while blocking the release of inflammatory cytokines. These effects are associated with PF inhibition of the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Molecular docking experiments and CETSA also demonstrated that TXNIP is a likely target of PF. In HG-treated AML12 cells, TXNIP knockdown eliminated the beneficial effects of PF.Using a combination of animal and in vitro experiments, this study demonstrated for the first time that PF ameliorates DLI through targeting the TXNIP-activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PF may be a potential therapeutic agent against DLI.

Clinical Profile and Risk Assessment of Infections Among Diabetics in a Community Health Hospital in Chennai: A Hospital Based Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise, common focus areas for diabetes control are blood glucose levels, diet, and exercise. Controlling these factors are essential for a better quality of life in diabetes patients. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria, cystitis, and, more important, serious upper urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive and cross-sectional study which included 250 Study subjects who were admitted in CSI Kalyani General hospital during the period from July 2017 to July 2018 and who has Diabetic as a comorbidity were interviewed using structured protocol based proforma. Patient underwent routine clinical, pathological and biochemical investigations. Results: In this study, 250 in-patients were included and analyzed. The prevalence of Infection in Diabetes mellitus was 65.6%. There is no significant association between Age, Education, Occupation, HbA1C, Duration and type of treatment and biochemical values. The commonest organism in Urine sample among the study group was E.coli followed by Klebsiella. UTI is more common in females, Respiratory infection is more common in males and it is statistically significant (p<0.009) and it is statistically significant (p<0.007). Conclusion: From this study, we have concluded that patient with diabetes mellitus is at increased risk for common infections due to poor glycemic control and Obesity. Poor glycemic control suppresses the immunity and more prone for infection. Therefore, the challenges will be to attain good glycemic control, change in lifestyle to maintain normal BMI. This will prevent the morbimortality, reduce the long-term complication and maintenance to prolong the life without any sequele. More prospective case control studies on the management of infections in DM patients are needed. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, infections, clinical profile, hba1c, glycemic control

The SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Personalized Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major public health problem, with yearly increasing prevalence. DM is considered a progressive vascular disease that develops macro and microvascular complications, with a great impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. Over time, DM has become one of the most studied diseases; indeed, finding new pharmacological ways to control it is the main purpose of the research involved in this issue. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a modern drug class of glucose-lowering agents, whose use in DM patients has increased in the past few years. Besides the positive outcomes regarding glycemic control and cardiovascular protection in DM patients, SGLT-2i have also been associated with metabolic benefits, blood pressure reduction, and improved kidney function. The recent perception and understanding of SGLT-2i pathophysiological pathways place this class of drugs towards a particularized patient-centered approach, moving away from the well-known glycemic control strategy. SGLT-2i have been shown not only to reduce death from cardiovascular causes, but also to reduce the risk of stroke and heart failure hospitalization. This article aims to review and highlight the existing literature on the effects of SGLT-2i, emphasizing their role as oral antihyperglycemic agents in type 2 DM, with important cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.

Minimally Invasive Metatarsal Osteotomies (MIMOs) for the Treatment of Plantar Diabetic Forefoot Ulcers (PDFUs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regressions

Plantar Diabetic Foot Ulcers (PDFUs) are frequent injuries affecting and heavily limiting the quality of life in diabetic patients. PDFUs can be treated both conservatively (with a high recurrence rate) or surgically (with a high rate of complication). Recently, minimally invasive surgery (MIS), performed by small incisions, has been increasingly applied on diabetic feet due to their encouraging outcomes and low complication rate. This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression aims to evaluate for the first time the effectiveness of minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomies (MIMOs) in treating PDFUs and reducing their recurrence rate. A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/Web of Science and Scopus databases was carried out with the keywords “(metatarsal osteotom*) OR (metatarsal AND osteotom*) AND diabet* AND (feet OR foot OR forefoot) AND ulcer”, covering the period from 1980 until June 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used for Quality Assessment. Healing rate/time, infection rate, recurrence rate, non-union rate and complication rate were evaluated. When possible, these values were pooled and expressed in effect size (ES), and their 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed. Meta-regression analysis (both uni- and multivariate) was conducted. Eight studies were included in the review, including 189 patients. The healing rate of these studies ranged between 55.1 and 100%, infection rate from 3.3 to 31.8%, recurrence rate from 0.0% and 13.6% and non-union rate from 4.5–30.0%. Overall complication rate was reported in three studies and ranged from 44.9 to 68.2%. Meta-analysis of the various rates revealed an overall healing rate of 91.9% (range from 74.9 to 97.8%), infection rate of 10.9% (4.2–25.2%), recurrence rate 7.2% (3.6–14.2%), non-union rate 16.9% (10.2–26.7%) and finally, the complication rate was computed at 53.2%. Satisfactory short- to medium-term clinical and radiographic results were reported by the studies included in this review, supporting that MIMOs represent an effective surgical approach to treat PDFUs. However, poor quality in the methodology of some studies and the lack of long-term data were reported. Therefore, randomized controlled trials, prospective studies and long-term follow-up studies are needed.

Assessment of a short-course yoga practice on cardiometabolic risks, fetomaternal outcomes and psychophysical health in gestational diabetes mellitus

Introduction and Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is defined as diabetes diagnosed in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, has emerged as a global public health concern. It has been associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes for both mothers and their new-borns. Women with GDM are known to have decreased quality of life and increased risks of caesarean section, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and type 2 diabetes. In babies, GDM has been found to be associated with macrosomia or larger than normal gestational-aged infants, neonatal hypoglycemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. Though yoga is known to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients, its role in the management of GDM has not been adequately assessed. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Yoga on cardiometabolic parameters, psychophysical health and maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM patients at JIPMER hospital, Puducherry.
 
 Methods: Fifteen pregnant women diagnosed to have GDM, admitted to Obstetrics Ward of JIPMER Hospital were recruited for the study. The intervention package of a thirty minutes Yoga module consisting of Sukshma Vyayama (2 min), Tadasana (1 min), Utthitapadasana (1 min), Savasana in the left lateral posture (3 min), Nadisodhana or Anuloma-viloma pranayama (5 min), Chandranadi pranayama (5 min), Sheetali pranayama (5 min) and Bhramari pranayama (5 min) and Relaxation (3 min) was administered along with hospital routine treatment for 10 days during 35th/36th week (depending on the gestational week of admission to hospital), or until delivery. Cardiometabolic parameters including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rate pressure product (RPP) and glycemic status assessed by random blood sugar (RBS) were investigated. JIPMER hospital tool for the maternal and fetal outcome variables were used to assess the feto-maternal parameters. Perceived Stress Score (PSS) and Quality of Life Score (QoL) were used to assess the psychophysical health of the GDM patients. All the parameters were assessed before and after yoga intervention. Paired t test was used for statistical analysis of data. P value of <0.05 were considered to indicate significant statistical difference.
 Results: Statistically significant decrease in HR, BP, RPP, RBS, PSS, and increase in QoL, and improvement of fetomaternal outcomes (based on the normative data available in the department) were observed in GDM patients after yoga intervention for a period of seven to ten days during their hospital stay.
 Conclusion: A short-course yoga practice for 7-10 days is adequate to reduce cardiometabolic risks, psychological stress, and improve quality of life and feto-maternal outcomes in GDM patients. Antenatal mother with GDM can use yoga as an adjunct therapy in the later part of pregnancy to prevent or reduce the complications and to improve the maternal and fetal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus.