Life Of Diabetic Patients Research Articles

The landscape of diabetic foot in Peru

Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the main complications responsible for the significant deterioration of the quality of life in diabetic patients, particularly, in developing countries. In Peru, 18.9% of diabetic inpatients present DF and 61% develop a foot sepsis. Therefore, the burden of DF is considerable in the country. In this work, we summarize the current scientific evidence of DF in the Peruvian population describing its epidemiology, risk factors, increase of time of hospitalization, bacterial resistance, rate of amputations, and the theoretical medical costs for disease management. According to the reviewed literature, we suggest that more local research should be conducted to better understand the impact of the DF on the Peruvian population.

Immediate Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilisation Technique on Pain in Diabetic Patients with Periarthritis of Shoulder

Background: Periarthritis Shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that results in tissue degeneration, thickening of the joint capsule, and a narrowing of the glenoid cavity. Diabetes mellitus is linked to many debilitating musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and shoulder. Prevalence of adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is estimated to be 11-30 percent in people with diabetes. Various interventions have already been used to prevent pain and improve quality of life. Both Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilization Technique are thought to have a pain-relieving effect.
 Aim & Objective: The study's aim is to compare the effects of both techniques on pain in diabetic patients.
 Methods/Design: In this study experimental study, the participants will be divided into two groups: Kalternborn Mobilization Technique Group (A) and Muscle Energy Technique Group (B) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both interventions include 30-45 min session which will be carried out for duration of four days. Outcome will be Pain and Quality of Life and outcome measures will be evaluated at beginning and at the end of intervention period.
 Result: Successful Completion of trial of Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilisation Technique will provide evidence for best strategy targeting Pain and quality of life in diabetic patients with Periarthritis of Shoulder.
 Conclusion: The study will be concluded with the significant effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilisation Technique on Periarthritis shoulder of diabetic patients.

A quality of life for patients with diabetes

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by a chronic state of hyperglycemia, which results from a defect in the function or secretion of endogenous insulin. It is a disease that leads to serious complications such as blindness, lower limb amputation, ischemic heart disease or ischemic strokes. Description of the state of knowledge: The World Health Organization has identified diabetes mellitus as a global epidemic. Between 1980 and 2014, the number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million to over 422. Between 2000 and 2016, more than 7 million deaths from diabetes were reported in 108 countries, but this is an under-number due to the fact that many patients are not diagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in recent years is also higher in low and middle income (LMIC) countries than in high income (HIC) countries. DM also places a significant financial burden on the healthcare budget. Despite relatively large investments in medical care, clinical trials and public health interventions do not reduce the rate of increase in incidence. In the United States, annual healthcare expenditure for people with diabetes is 2.3 times greater than for people without diabetes.Summary: It is well known that diabetes significantly reduces patients' quality of life. It is influenced by both severe complications related to DM and adherence to strict medical recommendations. The low quality of life of diabetic patients contributes to depression, which is associated with not compliance with medical recommendations and increased mortality.

Effect of Standard Nursing of Insulin Injection on Subcutaneous Adverse Reactions and Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients

Effect of Standard Nursing of Insulin Injection on Subcutaneous Adverse Reactions and Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients

Nutritional status and quality of life in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

BackgroundEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Malnutrition is a common problem among hemodialysis (HD) patients that negatively impacts their prognosis and is linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality in these patients, as well as a decrease in their quality of life (QOL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the QOL and to investigate factors that can influence it, including nutritional status, as well as socio-demographic factors, among Palestinian diabetic patients on HD therapy.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that occurred at a large hemodialysis center in Palestine. Malnutrition was assessed by the malnutrition-inflammation scale (MIS), and the quality of life was evaluated by using the EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D). Multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out to look at the effect of multiple variables on QOL.ResultsA total of 118 diabetic patients on HD were included. Of these, 66.9% were male, and 60.2% were aged 60 years or higher. Having multiple comorbid diseases (p=0.004) and having been on HD for >4 years (p=0.003) were significantly associated with a higher MIS score, whereas living alone (p=0.037) and having been on HD for >4 years (p=0.002) was significantly associated with lower EQ-5D score. We also observed a significant association between the MIS score and the EQ-5D score(r=−0.616, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that diabetic hemodialysis patients who lived within a family household were positively correlated with the QOL score (standardized coefficient, 0.178; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.042 to 0.372; p = 0.015), and MIS score was significantly and negatively correlated with QOL scores (standardized coefficient, −0.587; 95% CI, −0.047 to −0.028; p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found that malnutrition was associated with a lower QOL score among diabetic patients on HD. We recommend general practitioners, dietitians, nephrologists, and nurses to make plans that pay more attention to this group of patients who show evidence of malnutrition. Patients on dialysis for ≥ 4 years, patients who live alone, and those suffering from multiple co-morbid diseases should receive special care due to their higher risk of being impacted by this problem.

Oral Health Messiers: Diabetes Mellitus Relevance.

This article aims to narrate the various oral complications in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. Google search for “diabetes mellitus and oral complications” was done. The search was also carried out for “diabetes mellitus” and its oral complications individually. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is a global epidemic and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. Currently, there are about 422 million cases of diabetes mellitus worldwide. Diabetic patients can develop different complications in the body such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease. Complications in the oral cavity have been observed in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. A study noted that more than 90% of diabetic patients suffered from oral complications. Another research has shown a greater prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus than non-diabetic population: 45–88% in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to 38.3–45% in non-diabetic subjects and 44.7% in type 1 diabetic individuals compared to 25% in the non-diabetic population. Oral complications in people with diabetes are periodontal disease, dental caries, oral infections, salivary dysfunction, taste dysfunction, delayed wound healing, tongue abnormalities, halitosis, and lichen planus. The high glucose level in saliva, poor neutrophil function, neuropathy, and small vessel damage contribute to oral complications in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. Good oral health is imperative for healthy living. Oral complications cause deterioration to the quality of life in diabetic patients. Complications like periodontal disease having a bidirectional relationship with diabetes mellitus even contribute to increased blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. This article intends to promote awareness regarding the oral health of diabetics and to stress the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene, taking preventive measures, early detection, and appropriate management of oral complications of these patients through a multidisciplinary approach.

The Effect of Health Promotion Support Program on Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Background and Objectives: Diabetics need to improve their lifestyle. They should control and prevent the complications of diabetes to improve their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of health promotion support programs on the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study was a quasi-clinical trial. A total of 60 people were selected by convenience sampling method and then divided purposefully into intervention (n= 30) and control (n= 30) groups. The health promotion support program was implemented in three stages: review and recognition, support planning, and evaluation. The study data were collected by Demographic and Quality of Life Questionnaire of diabetic patients (DQOL-BCI) before and two months after the intervention in the experimental and control groups. Results: The difference between the two groups regarding gender, age, marriage, education, and the job was not significant. The Mean±SD score of quality of life in the intervention group before the intervention was 46.8±8.06 and increased after the intervention to 56.8±6.06 (P &lt;0.001). The Mean±SD score of quality of life in the control group before the intervention was 46.9±6.7 and increased after the intervention to 49.7±5.6, and this difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). The increase in the quality of life score of the intervention group was 10 units, but it was 2.87 units in the control group. Before the intervention, the difference in the quality of life scores of the two groups was not significant (the independent t-test, P=0.98), but after the intervention, this difference was significant (the independent t-test, P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that implementing a health promotion support program effectively improved the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, it is suggested to be used as an effective method in improving the quality of life of diabetic patients and other chronic diseases.

The effects of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on neuropathic pain and quality of life in diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial

Objectiveto determine massage lavender essential oil on neuropathic pain and quality of life in diabetic patients. MethodsA randomized three-group control trial with the pre-post design was performed from 2019 to 2020 on 75 diabetic neuropathic patients. The patients were randomly allocated into aromatherapy (n = 26), placebo (n = 26), and control (n = 26) groups. Patients in the intervention group used 2.5 cc of 3% lavender oil on their feet as a gentle massage for 10 min every night before bedtime for a month. Data collected using the Visual analog scale (VAS), Douleur Neuropathic 4 (DN4) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF36). ResultsThe mean difference of pain scores in short-term and long-term in the aromatherapy group was significantly reduced compared to the placebo and control groups (P < 0.001).In addition, after four weeks, a significant increase was found in the QoL domains in the aromatherapy group (P < 0.001). ConclusionAromatherapy massage with lavender oil helped reduce neuropathic pain two to four weeks after the intervention and improved the patients' QoL without causing any side effects. Thus, nurses are recommended to use it as a complementary method to reduce neuropathic pain and improve patients’ QoL.

Analysis of Effectiveness and Psychological Techniques Implemented in mHealth Solutions for Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Background: in diabetes, multiple mHealth solutions were produced and implemented for self-management behaviors. However, little research on the effectiveness of psychological techniques implemented within these mHealth solutions was carried out, and even less with the elderly population where technological barriers might exist. Reliable evidence generated through a comprehensive evaluation of mHealth interventions may accelerate its growth for successful long-term implementation and to help to experience mHealth benefits in an enhanced way in all ages. Objective: this study aimed to review mHealth solutions for diabetes self-management in older adults (adherence to treatments and glycemic control) by analyzing the effectiveness of specific psychological techniques implemented. Methods: a narrative review was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed (Medline) and American Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo databases were searched for published papers that addressed eHealth solutions’ effectiveness for diabetes self-management. Studies in English, Spanish, and/or German of any design were screened, with no time constraints regarding the year of publication. A qualitative analysis of the selected papers was conducted in several steps. Results: this review found 38 studies setting up and analyzing mHealth solutions for older adults. Most research showed improvements in HbA1c, self-management behaviors, and medication adherence in T2DM patients post intervention. However, different mid-to-long term effects were found across studies, specifically concerning the maintenance and adherence to healthy behaviors. The most employed psychological framework was CBT, including techniques such as self-monitoring of outcome behaviors (mostly targeting glycemia measurements and healthy habits as physical activity and/or diet), tailored motivational feedback from medical staff, and psychoeducation or health coaches. The most successful mHealth intervention combined the feature of tailored feedback messages, interactive communication with healthcare professionals, and multifaceted functions. Conclusions: there is a lack of elaborate and detailed information in the literature regarding the factors considered in the design and development of mHealth solutions used as interventions for T2DM self-management in the elderly. Documentation and inclusion of such vital information will foster a transparent and shared decision-making process that will ultimately lead to the development of useful and user-friendly self-management apps that can enhance the quality of life for diabetes patients. Further research adapting mHealth solutions to older adults’ sensory deficits is necessary.

Saffron improves life and sleep quality, glycaemic status, lipid profile and liver function in diabetic patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that is related to hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and liver dysfunction and has detrimental effects on a patient's mental health. Hence, the current study investigated the effects of saffron supplementation on dietary intake, anthropometric measures, mood, sleep quality and metabolic biomarkers in overweight/obese patients with T2D. In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, 70 overweight/obese patients with T2D were randomly allocated to two groups and received 100mg/day saffron or placebo for 8weeks. Participants completed the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), Hurlbert index of sexual desire (HISD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Diabetes-specific Quality-of-LifeBrief Clinical Inventory questionnaires (DQOL-BCI). Dietary intake, anthropometric measures, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), insulin, lipid profile and liver enzymes were determined at baseline and the end of the study. At the end of the eighth week, saffron supplementation significantly decreased FPG, triglyceride (TG), insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<.001). Moreover, significant improvements in BDI-II scores and total quality of life were observed in the intervention group (P<.001). The saffron group showed more significant improvements in PSQI scores than the placebo group, such that at the post-intervention analysis, only the saffron group achieved a "good" sleep band. At this relatively high dose, saffron supplementation improved glycaemic status, lipid profile and liver enzyme measures in patients with T2D while also improving sleep and overall quality of life. Our results indicate that saffron notably reduced hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia and improved liver function in patients with T2D in an 8-week randomised clinical trial. Saffron also significantly improved depression, sleep quality and overall quality of life in diabetic patients. However, further investigation is necessary to confirm whether saffron is an effective complementary therapy for T2D.

Structural model of health-related quality of life in diabetic patients based on mental well-being and quality of sleep mediated by self-care behaviors

Background: Diabetes has long-term complications and therefore affects the health of the community in addition to the individual. Diabetes can have significant psychological effects on health and delay the recovery of the disease.Objective: This study aimed to determine the causal model of health-related quality of life based on subjective well-being and sleep quality mediating by self-care behaviors in diabetic patients.Methods: This correlational study was conducted using the path analysis statistical method. The statistical population included all middle-aged patients with diabetes who were referred to the endocrinologists of Bushehr province in 2019, among whom 195 people were selected by the available sampling method. Data obtained by SF-36 Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, Diabetes self-care questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, and Mental Well-Being Scale. The data were analyzed using the path analysis method using SPSS.22 and Amos.22 software.Results: The results showed that both the variables of sleep quality and mental well-being through self-care had a direct and significant relationship with quality of life (p <0.001). The direct relationship between sleep quality and quality of life was not significant. But there was a significant direct relationship between mental well-being and quality of life (p <0.001).Conclusion: It can be concluded that sleep quality and mental well-being affect the self-care that the patient chooses, they can predict the quality of life of diabetic patients.

The impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on quality of life in diabetic patients

Background. Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and it includes disabling complications and chronic and invisible progression. On the one hand, this disease imposes high financial expenses on the patient and, on the other hand, reduces the quality of life. Presently, the COVID-19 epidemic has been an international concern, and evidence implies that people who have the underlying disease are at higher risk for the virus and will experience serious problems if they develop the disease. Methods. This research is a qualitative study with a kind of phenomenological investigation that has been conducted to investigate the patient’s experiences and personal feelings with diabetes in terms of the effects of corona disease on their quality of life. In this study, the semi-structured interview method was utilized to collect information. The number of sample included 15 patients referred to health centers, and each interview was recorded with the patient’s consent and was written on paper and analyzed. Results. The data of this study were classified into 6 main themes and 19 sub-themes after analysis. The main themes of the information obtained from this study included knowledge and awareness, psychological effects, entertainment, and recreational programs, patient’s family, medical care, and communication with patients placing the greatest emphasis on medical care. Stress caused by corona disease and depression were the most important psychological effects expressed by diabetic patients. They also expressed some serious medical care problems, including the reduction of referrals to health centers for follow-up and care and the shortage of physicians and health personnel to provide services. Conclusion. This study suggests that diabetic patients experience many different problems due to corona disease. These problems influence the diabetic patients’ quality of life, so we need to understand better and solve the diabetic patients’ problems, make more effort, and perform more suitable planning to improve their health and quality of life.

Review the Evidence for Structured Education in Diabetes Management

Structured Education is of detrimental importance for the management, counseling, and prevention of complications in diabetic patients. Different structured education programs exist that significantly improves the quality of life in diabetic patients as well as improves psychosocial outcomes by enhancing self-empowerment and self-motivation. Improvements have also been noted in bio-medical outcomes as a result of structured education most significantly in HbA1C, total cholesterol and frequency of hypoglycemia. In order to ensure patient satisfaction and improve outcomes related to complications, it is very important to identify and support patients whose psychosocial situations and reactions to the diagnosis may affect their ability to adjust or take adequate responsibility for self-care early in the course of the disease. In this review, we will discuss and highlight the evidence that support the benefits, limitations, and cost effectiveness of structured education in diabetes management.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients in Iran.

Background:Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in the world, which reduces the patients' quality of life (QOL) and is considered as an important subject especially in medicine and medical community. The present study aimed at investigating the QOL of diabetic patients in Iran through meta-analysis.Methods:The search was conducted using relevant keywords in national and international databases including Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science. Questionnaires WHOQOL, SF-36, SF-20, DQOL, QOL, PedsQL, ADDQOL, D-39, DQOL-BCI, SWED-QUAL, IRDQOL, PHG-2, EQ-5D, and IDQOL-BCI were used to assess the QOL. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.Results:In 96 studies of 17,994 people, the mean score of QOL in diabetic patients was based on the questionnaires WHOQOL [66.55 (95% CI: 45.83, 87.26)], D-39 [129.43 (95%CI: 88.77, 170.10)], SF-36 [65.64 (95% CI: 59.82, 71.46)], SF-20 [46.50 (95% CI: 37.19, 55.81], DQOL [61.19 (95% CI: 35.73, 86.66)], QOL [117.91 (95% CI: -62.97, 298.79)], PedsQL [34.36 (95% CI: -31.49, 100.22)], ADDQOL [41.76 (95% CI: 12.01-71.50)], SWED-QUAL [59.19 (95% CI: 21.15, 97.23)], IRDQOL [105.92 (95% CI: 102.73, 109.10)], PHG-2 [61.00 (95%CI: 59.63, 62.37)], EQ-5D [0.62 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.64)], DQOL-BCI [3.40 (95% CI: 3.31, 3.49)], and IDQOL-BCI [22.63 (95% CI: -2.38, 47.64)].Conclusions:The QOL of diabetic patients was evaluated according to different types of questionnaires and the QOL of diabetic patients was found to be lower than normal population.

Meta Analysis of the Effect of Telemonitoring on Blood Sugar Levels and Quality of Life in Diabetes Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic disease, requires continuous monitoring and treatment to have a better quality of life. Telemonitoring is a medium that may help in monitoring patients with type 2 DM. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using telemonitoring on blood sugar levels and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM with a meta-analysis study. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagram. The arti­cles were collected through journal databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, published in 2000-2021. The keywords used were ("tele­medicine" OR "tele-monitoring" OR "tele-monitoring") AND ("diabetes" OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "diabetes mellitus type 2") AND ("glucose level") AND ("quality of life"). The searching of articles used the PICO model. Population: people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Intervention: telemonitoring, Comparison: not using telemonitoring, Outcome: blood sugar level and quality of life. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study design, published in English, with the effect measure of Mean SD. Eligible articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis of 11 primary studies on the use of telemonitoring of blood sugar level showed a decrease in blood sugar (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes by 0.20 times compared to not using telemonitoring (SMD= -0.20; 95% CI= -0.39 to -0.01; p= 0.040). A meta-analysis of 6 primary studies on the use of telemonitoring on quality of life showed an increase in quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients by 0.16 times compared to not using telemonitoring (SMD= -0.16; 95% CI= -0.29 to -0.03; p= 0.020). Conclusion: Telemonitoring can improve blood sugar levels and the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: telemonitoring, type 2 diabetes mellitus, quality of life, meta-analysis Correspondence: Anisa Asri Sholihah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Suta­mi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: anisaasri92@gmail.com. Mobile: 085740972­908. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 246-257 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.02

Association of serum magnesium levels with glycosylated hemoglobin and degree of neuropathy in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Introduction and Aim: Magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin response. Deficiency of magnesium can increase the incidence of Type 2 DM and complications associated with it. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has become the most common chronic diabetic complication affecting about half of the diabetic patients. DPN causes debilitating complications like foot ulcers, gangrene leading to lower limb amputation reducing the quality of life in Diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to find out the levels of serum magnesium in DPN and find its association with severity of neuropathy in DPN. Materials and Methods: Total 286 participants with signs and symptoms of DPN were recruited for the study. They were classified into different severity according to their VPT scoring. Fasting and Postprandial venous blood sample were collected for estimation of FBS, HbA1C, serum Magnesium and PPBS respectively. Serum magnesium was found in different severities of neuropathy in DPN. Correlation between serum magnesium, HbA1C and severity of DPN was done. Results: Mean serum magnesium was 1.62±0.38 mg/dL. There was statistically significant decrease in serum magnesium with an increase in severity of DPN. Significant correlation was seen between serum magnesium and FBS, PPBS, HbA1C and VPT scoring in DPN patients. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia was found to be associated with DPN and its severity suggesting low serum magnesium may affect peripheral nerve function. Hence, regular monitoring of serum magnesium should be done to prevent chronic complications related to Type2 DM.

Synthesis and Oral Hypoglycemic Activity of Some New Sulphonyl Linkage Thiazolidine-2,4-diones

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, decreases the quality of life in diabetic patients. Thiazolidine-2,4-diones are found to be better insulin sensitizing agents, acting on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and decrease blood glucose level in diabetic patient. Therefore, in the present work, we synthesized 5-[4-(substituted) sulphonylbenzylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-diones and evaluated for their oral hypoglycemic activity. The synthesized compounds were further studied for their find out interactions with 2PRG protein with the help of docking score and also find out their predicated ED25 values. The results of synthesized compounds were showed significant decrease in blood glucose level as compared to positive control group. All synthesized compounds have shown good hydrogen bond interactions with 2PRG protein, docking score and predicted ED25 value as compared with reference drug, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, respectively. Thus, sulphonyl linked thiazolidine-2,4-diones may be used as promising oral hypoglycemic agent.

Current views of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain comorbid depression - a review.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is defined as a pain directly caused by the abnormal somatosensory system in diabetics according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The pain has a great impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. It results in a decline of patients' personal ability to live, which may even cause depression. Over time, the decline in both physical and psychosocial function caused by neuropathic pain may lead to further aggravation of depressive symptoms. This article mainly reviews the prevalence rate, medical expenditure, clinical characteristics, neurobiological features and the treatment of DPNP comorbidity depression, hoping to find the research directions for further study in the future.

Qualidade de vida em pacientes diabéticos: revisão de literatura

Objetivo: Avaliar, através de uma revisão, sobre a qualidade de vida em pacientes diabéticos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa cujo tema foi pesquisado na base de dados do PubMed e Scielo, com descritores “Quality of life AND Diabetes Mellitus” e “Qualidade de vida AND Diabetes Mellitus”, respectivamente, sendo incluídos apenas artigos dos últimos três anos. Resultados: Os artigos desenvolvidos através de questionários evidenciaram que a qualidade de vida em diabéticos é menor que em pacientes não diabéticos, devido, principalmente, à mudança do estilo de vida que a doença gera. Tal fato está relacionado também às complicações presentes na ausência ou inadequação do tratamento, assim como à própria terapia farmacológica, às alterações de estilo de vida que são impostas e à ansiedade presente em grande parte desses pacientes. Assim, tais indivíduos têm que lidar com complicações físicas e mentais que a doença proporciona, causando prejuízo no modo de viver. Considerações finais: Pacientes diabéticos possuem menor qualidade de vida, tanto no âmbito físico como no emocional, quando comparados com indivíduos que não possuem a doença.

The Effect of Home Pharmacy Care Education on the Quality of Life of Diabetic Patients in Community Health Care

The Effect of Home Pharmacy Care Education on the Quality of Life of Diabetic Patients in Community Health Care