Life History Analysis Research Articles

Selection processes, transportability, and failure time analysis in life history studies.

In life history analysis of data from cohort studies, it is important to address the process by which participants are identified and selected. Many health studies select or enrol individuals based on whether they have experienced certain health related events, for example, disease diagnosis or some complication from disease. Standard methods of analysis rely on assumptions concerning the independence of selection and a person's prospective life history process, given their prior history. Violations of such assumptions are common, however, and can bias estimation of process features. This has implications for the internal and external validity of cohort studies, and for the transportabilty of results to a population. In this paper, we study failure time analysis by proposing a joint model for the cohort selection process and the failure process of interest. This allows us to address both independence assumptions and the transportability of study results. It is shown that transportability cannot be guaranteed in the absence of auxiliary information on the population. Conditions that produce dependent selection and types of auxiliary data are discussed and illustrated in numerical studies. The proposed framework is applied to a study of the risk of psoriatic arthritis in persons with psoriasis.

Breaking the Silence on Food Risks for Elderly People Living Alone.

(1) Background: Currently, numerous qualitative research studies on food and its influence on health are being conducted. In qualitative research, data are obtained by analyzing participants' responses. However, silence during conversation has been little studied. The aim of this study was to interpret the silences in the narratives of elderly people living alone about the potential risks of not keeping a healthy diet. (2) Methods: This is a descriptive and interpretative observational study under the qualitative research paradigm following a phenomenological and ethnographic perspective. The study was developed in two phases with people over 65 years old. In the first phase, from June 2021 to January 2022, 90 interviews, 12 life history analyses, 58 food diaries and 51 free listings (cultural domain technique) were conducted. In the second phase, from March to June 2022, 3 participatory workshops and 24 pile sorts (cultural domain technique) were conducted, as well as 3 focus groups. Only data from participants over 65 years old living alone are analyzed in this paper. The ATLAS-ti (Version 22) qualitative analysis software was used for coding and data analysis. (3) Results: The results show that elderly people living alone would sometimes remain silent during the various conversations conducted within the research. This silence reflects their desire to downplay the risks to their health from not eating well due to their unwanted loneliness. The people participating in our research had chronic health problems, financial insecurity and emotional problems. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that elderly people living alone are unable to maintain a healthy diet because they downplay their risk of malnutrition. This mindset is caused by their loneliness and bolstered by a situation of learned helplessness and social injustice.

Rethinking Trans Trajectories via Life History

This article provides a life history analysis of Pepa Moreno, a transgender individual from Puebla, Mexico. The life events that she narrated in the interview conducted at her home and business—her move out of street sex work and her start as a business and property owner—offer a glimpse into the intertwining of personal/familial history and the processes unfolding in the spaces of society and economy. The article employs a critical realist framework around identity, based on life history as method, setting the scene around major restructurings of economy that private property regimes, urban transformation, morphing class realities, and capital investment (under neoliberalism) effected over her life: from adolescence into middle age. These transformations conjugate with changes across Pepa's own trajectory; key here are the meanings of “legitimate” work and moral worth that lie at the heart of the moral-legal economies that trans people in town, especially of working-class backgrounds, must confront. Labor status and class deeply intersect with a remaking of herself, which culminates with her naming herself as transgender once she has established herself as property owner and businessperson. However, even while invoking this category, she does not use it in line with the activist and sexological discourses that arose from the late 1990s on in Mexico City and which became prominent in Puebla in the early 2000s. The article thus maps the changing positions—and positionalities—of Pepa, examining the dialectics between lived experience and social structure, and the spaces of agency achieved through identity work.

Errors in estimating reproductive parameters with macroscopic methods: a case study on the protogynous blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775).

A size-based, histological analysis of the reproductive life history of the blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775), was conducted in Indonesia to evaluate the error rate associated with macroscopic reproductive analysis. Histological results indicated that E. fasciatus was protogynous with female L50 at 13.4 cm total length (LT) and a size at sexual transition of 22.0 cm LT. The weight-length relationship for the species was W = 0.011 L3.13. Overall sex ratios were significantly female biased, operational sex ratios were significantly male biased, and sex ratios of mature individuals varied predictably with length from female to male dominance as size increased. No significant relationship between length and batch fecundity was found. The population has a spawning period from February to August. Overall, 54.4% of macroscopic evaluations were incorrect compared to histological results. Of the errors, 14.8% were a failure to detect ovotestes, 12.7% were classifying non-gonadal tissue as ovary or testis, 12.2% were misclassifying sex, and 12.7% were misclassifying maturity status. However, the largest source of error (47.7%) was from misclassifying both sex and maturity status. Of these, 92.9% were macroscopically classified as immature females, but were histologically confirmed to be mature males. Compared to histological results, the only accurate macroscopic results were the absence of a sex-based difference in weight-length relationship and spawning seasonality estimated by a gonadosomatic index (February-June). The use of macroscopic methods to estimate reproductive life-history parameters for sex-changing reefes fish may introduce significant inaccuracies and misinterpretations. Of the parameters estimated by histological methods, size at maturity, size-specific sex ratios, and spawning seasonality have the greatest potential to inform local fishery management policy.

Migrant South Asian Women in the Basque Country, Spain: Processes of Empowerment

This work describes the personal and social empowerment of migrant women from South Asia in the Basque Country 1 , Spain, through the life history method. Gender roles, cultural identity and the migratory process as a transformative instrument are discussed. Based on in-depth interviews, and individual and group analysis of life histories, the findings indicated that migration had a positive effect on women in terms of self-development. Clearly, migration was a tool for transformation and empowerment.

Coping with stress: Salt type, concentration, and exposure history limit life history tradeoffs in response to road salt salinization

Substantial increases in the salinity of freshwater ecosystems has occurred around the globe from causes such as climate change, industrial operations, and the application of road deicing salts. We know very little about how plastic responses in life history traits or rapid evolution of new traits among freshwater organisms could promote stability in ecological communities affected by salinization. We performed a cohort life history analysis from birth to death with 180 individuals of a ubiquitous freshwater zooplankter to understand how life history traits are affected by exposure to two common salt types causing salinization—sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2)—across two environmentally relevant concentrations. We also tested if a multi-generational exposure history to high salinity altered life-history responses. We tracked and measured lifespan, time to maturation, brood size, brood interval, and body size. We found smaller brood sizes but slightly longer lifespans occurred at a low concentration of NaCl (230 mg Cl−/L). The longer lifespans led to more, albeit smaller broods, which generated a similar lifetime reproductive output compared to the no-salt control populations. At higher concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2, we found lifetime reproductive output was reduced by 23 % to 83 % relative to control populations because no tradeoff among life history traits occurred. In CaCl2, we observed shorter life spans, longer time intervals between smaller broods, and smaller body sizes leading to reduced lifetime reproductive output. We also found that a multi-generational exposure to the salt types did not convey any advantages for lifetime reproductive output. In some cases, the exposure history worsened the life history trait responses suggesting maladaptation. Our findings suggest that life history tradeoffs for freshwater species can occur in response to salinization, but these tradeoffs will largely depend on salt type and concentration, which will have implications for biodiversity and ecological stability.

Twice-in-a-Lifetime Pandemics: An Exploratory Qualitative Life-History Analysis of the Longitudinal Experiences of Hospital Chaplains Who Served During Both the Early AIDS (1981–1995) and Early COVID-19 (2020–2021) Pandemics in the USA and United Kingdom

Twice-in-a-Lifetime Pandemics: An Exploratory Qualitative Life-History Analysis of the Longitudinal Experiences of Hospital Chaplains Who Served During Both the Early AIDS (1981–1995) and Early COVID-19 (2020–2021) Pandemics in the USA and United Kingdom

(Re)envisioning inclusive futures: Applying narrative foresight to deconstruct the problem of urban flooding in the slums of Bengaluru, India

AbstractMotivationRecurring urban flooding in Bengaluru, India, has brought multiple intersecting development challenges to the forefront. While climate change is a catalyst for flooding, rapid urbanisation has aggravated the problem by neglecting its ecological history. Repeated floods have particularly affected migrants living in the slums, further worsening their already vulnerable conditions. Currently, only about 40% of slums are formally recognized by city authorities, leaving most slum dwellers with limited access to public benefits and basic infrastructure. Although the city offers piecemeal solutions, it currently lacks foresight for long‐term planning that includes marginalized voices.PurposeWe explore the multiple and intertwined development challenges faced by Bengaluru city, attempting to frame them from the perspective of migrant slum dwellers experiencing flooding. We try to bring to the forefront the everyday risks and vulnerabilities of the marginalized populations in Indian cities, which have received limited attention both in research and policy.The results of this exercise are intended to create sustainable collaborative processes to inform future decisions, particularly addressing the problem of urban flooding.Methods and approachOur proposed methodology integrates climate risk assessment—urban flood modelling and exposure mapping of slums across the city—with vulnerability assessments at the household level including analysis of life histories to capture the relative vulnerabilities of slum dwellers and the slums in which they live.FindingsWe deconstruct urban flooding, particularly from the perspective of migrant slum dwellers to identify some critical challenges, especially that of recognition, to foresight thinking. By incorporating marginalized voices, our methods aim to be inclusive and contextually relevant, while considering intersectional variations among those marginalized.A mixed‐methods approach allows climate risk assessment to be augmented by life histories of vulnerable slum populations to collaboratively reimagine a more inclusive future.Policy implicationsTo make policy more inclusive, more participatory processes are needed. The proposed methods will contextualize everyday vulnerabilities and risks of migrant slum dwellers to bring these perspectives into conventional climate risk assessment. Thus, a more inclusive future with lower impacts from urban floods can be envisaged.

Are some species more sensitive to environmental change than others? It may all depend on the context.

Research Highlight: Rademaker, M., van Leeuwen, A., & Smallegange, I. M. (2024). Why we cannot always expect life history strategies to directly inform on sensitivity to environmental change. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14050. Ecological studies have long delved into how organisms allocate energy between reproduction and somatic maintenance to maximize fitness. This allocation gives rise to various life-history strategies, and these strategies have been shown to predict how populations respond to environmental change, allowing us to generalize potential responses to increasing human pressures. Such predictions have, however, been made for a limited set of terrestrial taxa and typically do not explore how individual differences in life-history responses to environmental change scale to affect population-level responses. Using novel data on diverse fish species, Rademaker etal. (2024) construct models that link individual-level trade-offs in energy allocation under environmental change to population-level life-history strategies. A key finding in their study is that short-lived species are not more sensitive to environmental change-unlike results of previous studies. This study represents a new generation of work that underscores the complexity of predicting population responses to environmental shifts and suggests a need for a broader understanding of individual-level mechanisms. The results of Rademaker etal. (2024) encourage further mechanistic life-history analyses across a wider range of species and populations to validate the exciting findings and explore their implications across diverse ecological contexts.

A retrospective and prospective study of biostatistics in Canada.

Biostatistics is foundational to public health research and Canada has a history of high impact contributions both in seminal methodological advances and in the rigorous application of methods for the design or analysis of public health studies. In this article, we provide a brief and personal review of selected contributions from Canadian biostatisticians to fields such as survival and life history analysis, sampling, clinical trial methodology, environmental risk assessment, infectious disease epidemiology, and early work on prediction. We also provide a brief look forward at the upcoming needs and future directions of biostatistical research.

The Pivotal Significance of Sociocultural Demarcations in Shaping and Upholding the Ethnic Identity of the Deported Meskhetians (Exemplified in the Context of South Georgia)

The article delves into an intricate exploration of the function, significance, and intrinsic characteristics defining social, cultural, and ethnic demarcations, pivotal in shaping the self-perception of the deported Meskhetians. Despite the prevailing consensus emphasizing the pivotal role of historical memory, territorial associations, interconnected emotions, and collective trauma in shaping the identity of the deported Meskhetians, empirical studies underscore the substantial role played by social and cultural boundaries. These boundaries stand as equally significant mechanisms, fostering the preservation of the identity of this community vis-à-vis other ethnic or social groups. A consensus prevails regarding the manifestation of these boundaries, often characterized by unique markers, symbolic representations, specific attributes, or momentous events. The existence of such resemblant boundaries exerts a profound influence on the attitudes, interrelations, and mutual understandings between individuals and discrete groups, thereby exerting a substantial impact on self-perception. The empirical foundation supporting precise assertions and deductions emanates from comprehensive field studies carried out among the deported Meskhetians domiciled in South Georgia. The inquiry into the identity quandary of repatriates is approached from diverse angles, employing a spectrum of methodologies such as the micro-history approach, biographical-narrative interviews, in-depth interviews, and life history analysis. A comparative method was instrumental in juxtaposing and analyzing data sourced from distinct target groups, enabling the correlation of discerned disparities with varying experiences and historical recollections. Specifically, 44 participants spanning various ages and diverse life experiences underwent interviews. The amassed information was meticulously sifted through, considering parameters such as the respondent's age, ethnic background, gender, direct or tangential association with memories linked to the deportation episode. The primary trends influencing the trajectory of identity establishment or preservation, as delineated within the empirical data, were methodically extracted and isolated. The scrutiny of the acquired data revealed striking disparities in how interviewees perceive their own ethnic identity. Equally apparent were discrepancies in the local community's attitudes towards them and their interpretation of the interviewees' ethnicity. Notably, confirmation emerged regarding the existence of specific social and cultural boundaries within the internal dynamics of the deported Meskhetian community. Yet, as expected, conspicuous cultural and social distinctions surfaced between the deported Meskhetians and the local population, emphasizing unequivocal separations. The contention is posited that the distinctiveness of these boundaries is shaped by several factors. Specifically, the respondent's stance concerning ethnic heritage within their internal group, the diverse traditions prevalent within the Georgian ethnic group, anticipation of potential risks inherent in the Armenian ethnic group, and the accrued experiences from intergroup relations collectively contribute to this delineation. The overarching outcomes of the research are deliberated within the realm of prevailing theories pertaining to identity. The assertion is made that the pivotal determinants shaping the self-perception of the deported Meskhetians primarily align within the constructivist theory framework.

‘We have similar sad stories’: A life history analysis of left-behind children in Cambodian residential care

Globally, labor migration of parents has resulted in a growing number of children and adolescents being left behind in the areas from where migrants depart. In many countries a single parent or grandparents often act as children’s primary caregivers when parents migrate, while residential care has been found to an emergent caregiving arrangement for left-behind children in Cambodia. This phenomenon raises the questions: 1) how parental migration and other contextual factors contribute to Cambodian children’s entry to residential care, and 2) how do these children conceptualize and experience this type of care? This study adopts a qualitative research design to identify the major pathways into residential care for children of migrant workers in Cambodia, and to understand how the children perceive this type of care. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 25 children currently living in residential care institutions (RCIs) and 17 stakeholders, two primary pathways into RCIs in the context of migration in Cambodia are identified. The first pathway stems from the undocumented or irregular migration of parents where the children themselves are often engaged in child labor, leading to a child’s move into an RCI following detention. The second pathway stems from the interplay of parental migration, family poverty and family instability, influencing a child’s placement in an RCI. The results show there are perceived benefits of living in RCIs, but also highlight the children’s unmet emotional needs. Overall, this study increases our understanding of children’s pathways into RCIs in a high migration context, to better inform services for children who potentially face cumulative risks from parent-child separation induced by migration and living outside family care.

Вивчення ролі лейоміоми матки в прогнозуванні та лікуванні генітальних пролапсів

Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most common benign pelvic neoplasms in women. Uterine leiomyoma is diagnosed in perimenopausal or postmenopausal periods in more than 60% of cases. That is age category of women with a high frequency of genital prolapse with causes the frequent combination of these two pathologies. Purpose - to determine the role of uterine leiomyoma in the development and progression of genital prolapse. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. It included 240 consecutively recruited patients, including: 117 women with prolapses of the internal genital organs, who made up the study group, and 123 women with normal pelvic anatomy - the comparison group. Analysis of life history, family, somatic, reproductive, gynecological and obstetric history, definition of anthropometric data was carried out. Statistical data processing was carried out using the SPSS 21 program. Results. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, significant risk factors for the development of genital prolapse are: age, sedentary lifestyle, excessive physical activity, family history of genital prolapse, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, uterine leiomyoma, number of pregnancies, spontaneous miscarriages in the early stages, number of deliveries, age of first childbirth, total number of intrauterine manipulations, perineal tears. Conclusions. Uterine leiomyoma is an independent risk factor for the development of genital prolapse (odds ratio: 5.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.77-19.91). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

진로단절 위기를 경험한 중도장애 중년 남성의 외상 후 성장에 관한 생애사연구

The purpose of this study is to discover growth factors by analyzing the process of life changes before and after trauma events through the career history of a man with walking disability who has experienced post-traumatic growth. For this purpose, the data collected through two in-depth interview were analyzed into categories of ‘dimension of life’, ‘turning point’, and ‘adaptation’ based on life-history analysis framework by Mandelbaum(1973). The results of this study are as follows: first, ‘dimension of life’ of the study participant was <the wanted urethane expert>, <‘workholic’: honeymoon period and life of nothing but work>, <a lone warrior on the scene of survival>, <the only Sun in the sky> and <another ‘heart’: passion and intrepidity>. Second, ‘turning point’ was <the collapsed vertebra: the precarious pivot of life>, <missing ‘myself’: ‘swing’ between hope and despair> and <being in the world: What is the meaning of ‘walking disability’ like>. Third, ‘adaptation’ was <another ‘cane’ as support that sustains me>, <the factory manager that has the disabled father> and <also ‘myself’: the photographer carrying two canes with walking disability>. This participant experienced crises by walking disability in his life as an irreplaceable talent in the automobile seat manufacture, but he got over the crisis of career interruption finding out the meaning of his life through ‘self-understanding’ by putting his ‘family’ at the center of his life, and above all, being supported by the factory manager that had the disabled father. The results showed the importance of ‘discovering the meaning of life through sufficient self-understanding and self-awareness’ for post-traumatic growth, and the importance of ‘awareness of disabled people at work’ for maintaining employment of the severely disabled. This result can provide important implications for counseling for disabilities in the mid-life and supporting for their employment promotion.

Effects of Advanced Oxidation on Wastewater Effluent Ecotoxicity: A Novel Assessment through the Life History and Lipidomics Analysis of Daphnia magna

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) generate reactive radicals to effectively degrade pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater that are not removed during conventional biological treatment. However, transformation products from AOPs may still be biologically active and have deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. This study is based on an integrated approach using targeted PPCP analysis, Daphnia survivability and life history, and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based targeted lipidomics analysis to assess the performance of a novel AOP ultraviolet/peracetic acid (UV/PAA) and conventional UV/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2). Both AOP treatments significantly decreased PPCP concentrations compared to the secondary activated sludge treatment alone. Daphnia survivability tests showed no significant differences between the control group and the treated group exposed over 5 days to AOP-treated wastewater. In contrast, a 14 day life history assessment and associated lipidomics showed that while 6 mg/L UV/H2O2 or UV/PAA treatment decreased wastewater toxicity to an overall level that is comparable with the control, the 3 mg/L UV/PAA AOP treatment did not achieve the same decrease in toxicity. At the latter condition, Daphnia exhibited smaller growth, significant changes in lipids, and lower rate of population increase than the control. The use of integrated methods allowed for the elucidation of sub-lethal effects of AOP-treated wastewater on Daphnia.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and qualitative tools in Social Work

ABSTRACT The following article is part of the teaching innovation project entitled ‘The use of life history through ICTs for “conceptual teaching” in Social Sciences’, carried out at the University Pablo de Olavide (Seville, Spain) between September 2021 and March 2022, with a sample of students of Social Work (n = 110) and Double Degree in Sociology and Social Work (n = 52). This article consisted of the analysis of life history, taking as a reference Pierre Bourdieu’s book, ‘The “Misery” of the World’, as well as the development of the biographical or semi-structured interview. The main objective was to examine the potential of the life history and the biographical interview through ICTs for conceptual teaching in Social Sciences in Social Work students. For this purpose, we applied a posttest of satisfaction after the teaching innovation project, with a double quantitative and qualitative approach, ad-hoc with open questions and a Likert scale. The main conclusions were the students’ satisfaction with the use of the life history and interview as a didactic resource, as well as a satisfactory acquisition of sociological skills and knowledge, such as critical thinking, micro/macro connections and the interaction between structure and agency, among others.

Traditional and biomedical health practices of adolescent boys and young men living with perinatally-acquired HIV in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

ABSTRACT Men are less vulnerable to HIV acquisition than women, but have poorer HIV-related health outcomes. They access HIV services less, and are more likely to die on antiretroviral therapy. The adolescent epidemic presents further challenges, and AIDS-related illness is the leading cause of death among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. We explored the health practices of adolescent boys and young men (aged 13–22) living with perinatally-acquired HIV and the processes through which these practices are formed and sustained. We engaged health-focused life history narratives (n = 35), semi-structured interviews (n = 32) and analysis of health facility files (n = 41), alongside semi-structured interviews with traditional and biomedical health practitioners (n = 14) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Participants did not access traditional products and services for HIV, a finding that deviates from much of the literature. Findings suggest that health practices are mediated not only by gender and culture, but also childhood experiences of growing up deeply embedded in the biomedical health system.

Gendered and classed homelessness: A life-history analysis on displaced survival in Lisbon

Gendered and classed homelessness: A life-history analysis on displaced survival in Lisbon

홈스쿨링 청소년의 진로정체감 형성과정에 대한 생애사 연구

The purpose of this study was to investigate in-depth the process of forming career identity of adolescents who were homeschooled in a life history study. The specific research agenda is to look at the process of forming career identity in the course of life for homeschooled adolescents, and to look at the turning points in life in the process of forming career identity. To this end, data were collected through three in-depth interviews from August 2022 for adolescents who had homeschooling for eight years from the age of 11. The collected data were analyzed using Mandelbaum’s life history analysis framework. As a result of the analysis, the study participants’ areas of life are defined as “Family Life Area - Fantasy in Career Development with Jjangi’s Family,” “School in the System - Why Jjangi could not find meaning in school 1,” and “Jjangi and Jangjeonggi 2 in Career Development” who discover themselves through homeschooling. The turning point in life is ‘Meeting a role model - Real life in class with a role model and career development 1: Back to institutional education to become a doctor’. The adaptation methods were analyzed as “the crisis is an opportunity- turning the grades in classrooms into reality and positive thoughts learned at the cram school,” “fight with oneself-reality in career development 2: being stricter with oneself,” and “standing again like a Ottogi-leaving the cram school and beginning a journey of new challenge.” In the conclusion section, opinions were suggested on what is necessary for teenagers who were homeschooled in the process of forming career identity and the limitations of this study were presented.

Detoxification enzyme activity, reproductive and developmental fitness of abamectin-resistant Bryobia praetiosa (Acari:Tetranychidae)

Abamectin is an important and environmentally friendly antibiotic pesticide, and its resistance has become an area of intense research. In this study, we employed laboratory bioassays, biochemical analyses, and life history analyses to systematically evaluate abamectin resistance, the underlying biochemical mechanisms of resistance, and the reproductive and developmental characteristics of the arthropod pest Bryobia praetiosa. An abamectin-resistant B. praetiosa strain (RR) was obtained by intensive selection of an abamectin-susceptible strain (SS) using abamectin exposure in the laboratory for 24 generations, yielding a resistance index (RI) of 30.11. Comparison of detoxification enzymes suggested that the specific activities of carboxylesterases (CarEs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) in the RR strain were higher than those of the SS strain by 1.13-, 1.75-, and 4.02-fold, respectively. GST and MFOS protein concentrations were also significantly different between RR and SS strains. Further analysis of life history parameters demonstrated that the developmental duration and lifespan of RR strain in addition to egg numbers were markedly decreased relative to SS strain. The net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ), and population doubling time (Dt) of RR strain were significantly lower than those of SS strain. The results indicated that the RR strain was more disadvantageous in developmental and reproductive characteristics than the SS strain. In addition, the relative fitness value of the resistant strain is about half (Rf = 0.49) that of the susceptible strain. In conclusion, increased abamectin resistance in B. praetiosa was associated with a rapid increase in MFOs activity, while GSTs also played a role in abamectin resistance development and RR strain exhibited reproductive disadvantages.