Life Habits Research Articles

Changes in health-related quality of life and sleep habits after a 6-month non-randomised cluster-controlled trial among children with overweight or obesity

Being overweight or obese can have severe negative psychological impacts and reduce health-related functioning. To improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep habits for children with overweight or obesity, it is important to design and implement effective interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-month family-based lifestyle intervention on HRQoL and sleep habits in Norwegian children with overweight or obesity in a primary-care setting. This 6-month, non-randomised, cluster-controlled trial included Norwegian children aged 5–13 years with overweight or obesity and their parents. A questionnaire was filled out by the parents. A total of 33 and 52 children in the control group and 41 and 78 children in the intervention group answered the HRQoL and sleep habits questions, respectively, and were included. The intervention group received individual family counselling and participated in physical activity groups and nutrition courses. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Kidscreen-10 index were used to assess sleep habits and HRQoL. At baseline, the mean average scores for HRQoL were 50.0 [standard deviation (SD) 8.1] for the intervention group and 49.0 (SD 10.1) for the control group. For sleep habits at baseline, the mean average scores were 45.2 (SD 11.8) for the intervention group and 46.0 (SD 11.9) for the control group. No significant changes in HRQoL and sleep habits after the intervention were revealed. Overall, the family-based lifestyle intervention targeting overweight and obese children in a primary-care setting showed no significant effect on HRQoL or sleep quality.

Arthrological reconstructions of the pterosaur neck and their implications for the cervical position at rest.

The lack of any pterosaur living descendants creates gaps in the knowledge of the biology of this group, including its cervical biomechanics, which makes it difficult to understand their posture and life habits. To mitigate part of this issue, we reconstructed the cervical osteology and arthrology of three pterosaurs, allowing us to make inferences about the position of the neck of these animals at rest. We used scans of three-dimensionally preserved cervical series of Anhanguera piscator, Azhdarcho lancicollis and Rhamphorhynchus muensteri for the reconstructions, thus representing different lineages. For the recognition of ligaments, joint cartilages, and levels of overlapping of the zygapophyses, we applied the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket method, based on various extant birds and on Caiman latirostris. We inferred that pterosaur intervertebral joints were probably covered by a thin layer of synovial cartilage whose thickness varied along the neck, being thicker in the posterior region. Ignoring this cartilage can affect reconstructions. According to the vertebral angulation, their neck was slightly sinuous when in rest position. Our analyses also indicate that pterosaurs had segmented and supra-segmented articular cervical ligaments, which could confer stabilization, execute passive forces on the neck and store elastic energy.

Psychometric Properties of the Body-Mind-Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory for the Greek Population.

The Body-Mind-Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory (BMS-WBCI) is a free-of-charge wellness tool with good psychometric properties, widely used mainly in studies assessing quality of life and healthy lifestyle habits. This certain tool is based on the Hettler's (1980) model and has been validated for use with students aged 18-36. The purpose of this study was to adapt the BMS-WBCI in the Greek language and at the same time to validate it for use in the general population. This study included 520 participants aged 16-75 (M = 39.86, SD = 10.5), who were recruited from the Greek population using the snowball procedure. The BMS-WBCI was adapted into Greek language, following a multiple forward-and-backward translation protocol. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to validate the overall construct of the Greek BMS-WBCI. The final solution was a three-factor model with 38 items, after removing the items B1, B8, B9, M11, M24, and S43. This final model demonstrated an acceptable to good fit, presenting higher goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90) and lower badness-of-fit indices (χ2/653 = 2.29, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.06). All items in the hypothesized model exhibited statistically significant standardized factor loadings (p < 0.001), with loadings consistently above 0.40. A very good internal consistency was found using the composite reliability measures (Body 0.86, Mind 0.95, Spirit 0.94). Further analysis indicated a good convergent validity (average variance extracted values: Body 50.5%, Mind 50.7%, Spirit 54.9%). The results indicated adequate discriminant validity, as all square roots of average variance extracted were higher than the correlation between construct items. In conclusion, this psychometric evaluation of the BMS-WBCI adds to the evidence supporting its use in the Greek language, not only in students, but also in the general population.

Perspectives of wheelchair users with chronic spinal cord injury following a walking program using a wearable robotic exoskeleton

Purpose To examine the perspectives of wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (WUSCI) regarding their participation in a 16-week walking program using a wearable robotic exoskeleton (WRE); and explore concerns and expectations regarding potential use of this device and intervention in the context of a home or community-based adapted physical activity program. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a narrative research, 3 weeks post-intervention. Thematic analysis resulted in 6 themes and 21 subthemes. Results Seven men and 4 women aged between 32 and 72 years were interviewed; 8 of them had a complete SCI. After the walking program, WUSCI reported positive psychological aspects (having fun and motivation) and experiencing improvements in physical aspects (strength, endurance, balance and flexibility, blood circulation and intestinal transit). The structural aspects of the WRE device were acceptable in a lab with research personnel (appearance, size, weight, and comfort). Participants had concerns about safety on uneven surfaces, and possibility of falling. They expressed the desire to use the WRE for more life habits than just walking. Conclusion This is the first study in which WUSCI report that the WRE should be implemented in initial rehabilitation. Lack of availability for community use after rehabilitation remains a concern.

Formulation and development of topical iron oxide nanoemulgel using Punica granatum extract and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is regarded as a long-term autoimmune disorder, which triggers inflammation in joints and distresses the organs in the body. Nanotechnology, a science-based technique is a tremendously growing-field with numerous applications where nanoparticles are used to resolve the complications in the habitual life. While comparing to other metals, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were synthesized at minimal cost using eco-friendly natured materials and also has ability to deliver drug at a specific targeted site. In the present study, a topical nanoemulgel was formulated using Fe2O3 NPs synthesized from Punica granatum. The results of Fe2O3 NPs characterization divulged that the particles were sphere-shaped in nature and the bioactive compounds from the extract acted as capping and reducing agents. Nanoemulgels (F1 to F5) were formulated using different concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs and characterized. Among the formulations F4 nanoemulgel revealed good stability with a zeta potential charge of −53 mV and a polydispersity index of 0.24. L929 cells were treated with F4 formulation and this confirmed that the formulation was non-toxic to normal cells. F4 treated MG63 cell lines revealed the anti-inflammatory property (IC50 = 90.77 μg/ml) of the nanoemulgel. Thus, nanoemulgel containing Fe2O3 NPs synthesized from P. granatum can be an effective, eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to treat RA.

Quality of life, household income, and dietary habits are associated with the risk of sarcopenia among the Chinese elderly

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL), which can be influenced by various aspects, especially socioeconomic status and lifestyle, has been identified as an important predictor of the prognosis of older adults. Dietary habit, a major part of lifestyle, can affect the nutritional status, which is closely correlated with the development of geriatric syndromes in the elderly.AimsThe aim of the study was to examine the association of HRQoL, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with the risk and severity of sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function.MethodsA cross-sectional retrospective study with 2877 participants aged ≥65 years was performed. HRQoL was assessed using EuroQoL Five Dimensions questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was assessed by the educational attainment, occupation, and household income. Lifestyle was assessed using 12 items closely related to Chinese living habits. The information of daily dietary habits including tea, alcohol, type of diet, and volume of drinking water were collected. The associations of HRQoL, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with the risk of sarcopenia were examined by multivariate regression logistical analysis. The potential causal role of age, body mass index, and waist circumference in the effect of HRQoL on sarcopenia risk was analyzed by causal mediation analysis.ResultsHigh HRQoL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.69–0.95, P=0.034] and household income levels (adjusted OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.57–0.95, P=0.019) were inversely associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Meanwhile, more consumption of spicy food (adjusted OR =1.34, 95% CI =1.09–1.81, P =0.037) and occasionally drinking (adjusted OR =1.46, 95% CI =1.07–2.00, P =0.016, as compared to those never drinking) were associated with higher risk of sarcopenia, while skipping breakfast occasionally (adjusted OR =0.37, 95% CI =0.21–0.64, P <0.001, as compared to those eating breakfast every day) and less consumption of salt (adjusted OR =0.71, 95% CI =0.52–0.96, P =0.026, as compared to those consuming high amount of salt) were associated with lower risk of sarcopenia. Further causal mediation analysis aimed to explore how much age, body mass index, and waist circumference might explain the effect of HRQoL on the risk of sarcopenia showed that the estimated proportion that mediated the effect of HRQoL on the risk of sarcopenia by age was 28.0%.ConclusionsIn summary, our findings demonstrate that low levels of HRQoL and household income, more intake of salt and spicy food, and occasional intake of alcohol are correlated with higher risk of sarcopenia, while skipping breakfast occasionally is associated with lower risk of sarcopenia in a Chinese population of older adults.

Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Kepesantrenan Sebagai Pengembangan Karakter di Pesantren Moderen Datok Sulaiman Bagian Putra Kota Palopo

Abstract :This research aims to find out how the Islamic boarding school learning model is implemented as character development at the Datok Sulaiman Putra Modern Islamic Boarding School, Palopo City and to find out what the supporting and inhibiting factors are for the Islamic boarding school learning model as character development at the Datok Sulaiman Putra Modern Islamic Boarding School, Palopo City. The research results show that the implementation of the Islamic boarding school learning model at the Datok Sulaiman Putra Modern Islamic Boarding School, Palopo City is carried out at the start of Islamic boarding school learning hours. Islamic boarding school learning activities are programs that support the formation of better character values ​​for students, where students are taught to be obedient to worship, independent, disciplined, responsible, live simply, creatively and carry out various other activities or routines. Supporting factors include carrying out various student activities both in the teaching and learning process in Islamic boarding schools and outside Islamic boarding schools/Islamic boarding schools, where the environmental atmosphere in Islamic boarding schools can make students comfortable and safe in carrying out various activities or routines. The routines that students carry out in Islamic boarding schools are daily life habits such as prayer, fasting, reciting the Koran, good manners, maintaining cleanliness, etc. that will stick with the students.

WITHDRAWN: Psychoneuroimmunological characterization in schizophrenia requires health-related adjustments

Schizophrenia is severe and complex. It’s etiology, course, and severity are influe nced by biologica l (e.g., genetic) and psychosocial factors (e.g., urbanicity). Altera tions in cytokine s leve ls (im mune function bioma rkers) were reported in schizophrenia, which related to symptom severity, indicating a potentia l role of im mune activity in this dis order. Cytokine leve ls are influenced by life habits (e.g., smoking), personal characteristics (e.g., sex/ gender), and life conditions (e.g., care access).We used data from the Signature Biobank: 262 schizophrenic patients vis iting an emergency room in Montreal, Canada, and 145 healthy controls. We investigated pla sma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in relation to schizophrenia diagnosis and symptom severity and adjusted analyses with tobacco use, BMI, age and sex.Patients showed higher levels of IL-6 (t=2.67, p=0.008) than controls, along with females compared to ma le s (t=1.844, p=0.033), and smokers compared to non-smokers (t=2.304, p=0.029). Among non-smokers, IL-6 remained higher for patients (t=1.932, p(unila teral)=0.027), but not when controlling for age and BMI (F=2.849, p=0.093). Non-smoking female patients showed higher IL-6 levels, even when controlling for BMI and age (F=6.916, p=0.010). TNF-α correlated with depressive (r=0.162, p=0.010) and psychotic symptoms (r=0.213, p<0.001) among patients.Cytokine s in schizophrenia need contextua liza tion to refle ct life habits ’ influence. Each cytokine has a different role in im mune activity that relates differently with dia gnos is and symptom severity.Immunophenotyping among schizophre nic patients require s adjusting for individual characteristics. This characterizati

Magnitude and Predictors of Dietary Diversity among HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: The Case of North-Western, Ghana.

Though people living with HIV/AIDS require a good combination of antiretroviral therapy and healthy dietary habits for a quality life and positive medical outcomes, little is, however, known regarding the dietary practices of HIV-positive patients who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Lawra Municipality. This study assessed the magnitude and factors associated with dietary diversity among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study was a facility-based cross-sectional study of 269 study participants recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with their dietary diversity. This study shows that only 36 (13.4%) of the sample consumed a diversified diet with a mean dietary diversity score of 3.7 ± 0.99. Starchy staple foods (96.7%) and flesh food (92.9%) were the most consumed foods. Being a nonfarmer employee (AOR = 10.76, 95% CI = 1.03-112.35), not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.02-14.37) and adults of age 18-27 years (AOR = 5.95, 95% CI = 1.18-30.07) were significant predictors of high dietary diversity. This study revealed that dietary diversity was a significant nutritional problem among HIV-positive adults in Lawra Municipal Hospital. Starchy staple foods and flesh food were the most consumed foods, while organ meats, dairy products, and eggs were eaten less. Having a secured salary paid job, not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and being a young adult were strong predictors of a high dietary diversity score. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen and improve the economic status and to educate these vulnerable groups on the need to adhere to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis uptake.

A novel unmanned aerial vehicle path planning approach: sand cat optimization algorithm incorporating learned behaviour

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning plays an important role in UAV flight, and an effective algorithm is needed to realize UAV path planning. The sand cat algorithm is characterized by simple parameter setting and easy implementation. However, the convergence speed is slow, easy to fall into the local optimum. In order to solve these problems, a novel sand cat algorithm incorporating learning behaviors (LSCSO) is proposed. LSCSO is inspired by the life habits and learning ability of sand cats and incorporates a new position update strategy into the basic Sand Cat Optimization Algorithm, which maintains the diversity of the population and improves the convergence ability during the optimization process. Finally, LSCSO is applied to the challenging UAV 3D path planning with cubic B-spline interpolation to generate a smooth path, and the proposed algorithm is compared with a variety of other competing algorithms. The experimental results show that LSCSO has excellent optimization-seeking ability and plans a safe and feasible path with minimal cost consideration among all the compared algorithms.

A cohort profile of the Graham Roberts study cohort.

The Graham Roberts Study was initiated in 2018 and is the first Trials Within Cohorts (TwiCs) study for bladder cancer. Its purpose is to provide an infrastructure for answering a breadth of research questions, including clinical, mechanistic, and supportive care centred questions for bladder cancer patients. All consented patients are those aged 18 or older, able to provide signed informedconsent and have a diagnosis of new or recurrent bladder cancer. All patients are required to have completed a series of baseline questionnaires. The questionnaires are then sent out every 12 months and include information on demographics and medical history as well as questionnaires to collect information on quality of life, fatigue, depression, overall health, physical activity, and dietary habits. Clinical information such as tumor stage, grade and treatment has also been extracted for each patient. To date, a total of 125 bladder cancer patients have been consented onto the study with 106 filling in the baseline questionnaire. The cohort is made up of 75% newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients and 66% non-muscle invasive bladder cancer cases. At present, there is 1-year follow-up information for 70 patients, 2-year follow-up for 57 patients, 3-year follow-up for 47 patients and 4-year follow-up for 19 patients. We plan to continue recruiting further patients into the cohort study. Using the data collected within the study, we hope to carry out independent research studies with a focus on quality of life. We are also committed to utilizing the Roberts Study Cohort to set up and commence an intervention. The future studies and trials carried out using the Roberts Cohort have the potential to identify and develop interventions that could improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Masyarakat Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat Di Banyumanik

Health is a valuable asset that we need to take good care of. However, in our daily lives, we often get caught up in hectic routines, poor diets, and unhealthy lifestyles. This is why counseling on improving quality of life is so important. Counseling attempts to raise awareness, provide information, and encourage individuals and communities to adopt healthy behaviors. The counseling materials provided are Preventing Disease and Improving Quality of Life. By increasing awareness of a healthy diet, adequate physical activity, stress management, and other life habits, it can help prevent various chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. By adopting healthy behaviors, one can improve their quality of life, reduce the risk of health complications, and enjoy a longer and better life. Increased physical activity or exercise. Physical activity is any movement of the body that causes energy expenditure. The recommendation from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia is that physical activity should be done at least 30 minutes per day for 5 times a week or equal to 150 minutes per week. various types of physical activity that can be done such as climbing down stairs, jogging, brisk walking or cycling.

Musculoskeletal disorders of fishermen in the artisanal and coastal sector.

The aim of this study was to screen for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) complaints, to analyse the activity and to identify their risk factors. This cross-sectional epidemiological study involved 903 men aged > 20 years and with a seniority > 2 years. It included a questionnaire and an ergonomic analysis of the activity. The questionnaire included: socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, health status and life habits, stress and items from the Nordic questionnaire. The observation of work situations required video recordings and the use of three methods: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and the Gesture Tracking and Assessment Tool (Outil de Repérage et d'Évaluation des Gestes: OREGE). The prevalence of MSDs was 61.9%. It was significantly higher among deckhands than among other professionals (65.6% vs 27.4%; p < 0.001) and in seasonal workers than in permanent workers (67.8% vs 43.1%; p < 0.001). A positive correlation was noted between MSDs and daily work duration. Stress was an aggravating factor, whereas leisure activities were protective. The prevalence of MSDs was 40.5% (lower back), 40.4% (wrist/hand joints), 34.6% (neck) and 31.7% (shoulders). The ergonomic analysis of the workstation was performed on a deckhand who unloaded the fish crates out of the hold of a trawler. OSHA score = 12 (normal < 5); significant risk of upper limb MSD. RULA total score = 7 (acceptable between 1 and 2); immediate modification. OREGE scores evaluating effort, repetitiveness and joint positions indicate that the actions were not recommended or to be avoided. The analysis made it possible to evaluate the difficulty of the job and to note a high risk of MSDs requiring ergonomic and organizational improvements.

Nursing interventions in childhood obesity

Introduction: obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a high percentage of fat in the human body, caused mainly by endogenous (genetic), biological and exogenous causes (life habits), representing a serious public health problem. Objective: to know the nursing interventions in childhood obesity. Methods: a systemic review of scientific articles was carried out using the PICO strategy. The search was carried out according to PRISMA parameters where initially 40 articles were obtained, of which 18 were included under inclusion criteria such as: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, free access, English and Spanish languages and that have been published. between the years 2019 and 2023; while, the exclusion criteria were: degree thesis and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The databases were: ELSEVIER, MEDLINE, Redalyc, SCIELO, Latindex, Dialnet, Latin REV, Scopus using descriptors in health sciences (DECS) from Bireme and the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) from the National Library of Medicine in English, such as: (interventions) AND (childhood obesity AND (Nursing). Results: nursing interventions focused mainly on improving eating behaviors and reducing sedentary lifestyle. Those related to the family were more successful, because, by training adults the quality of life of the child is improved. Conclusions: The training of nursing staff is essential for the management and care of childhood obesity

The Influence of Changes in Daily Life Habits and Well-Being on Fatigue Level During COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown in March 2020 have led to changes in lifestyle and increased levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This survey examined a number of factors (anxiety state, sleep quality, daily activities, mental load, work-related variables) influencing mental and physical fatigue during lockdown and how these relations have evolved one year later. A cohort of 430 workers and 124 retirees were recruited in April-May 2020 (lockdown period, data set 1), and a subsample (133 workers and 40 retirees) completed the same questionnaire in April-May 2021 (data set 2). Linear regression models showed a significant subjective increase in both physical and mental fatigue in both worker and retiree groups during lockdown, and a supplementary increase in physical fatigue and anxiety level in spring 2021 compared to the lockdown period. During lockdown, anxiety level, concerns about COVID-19, work flexibility, mental load, and sleep metrics were associated with the evolution of fatigue among workers. For retirees, only anxiety and physical activity levels were linked to changes in physical fatigue. In April-May 2021, the only associations which remained significant were those in workers between fatigue and anxiety level and workload. These findings suggest that the increased fatigue levels during the lockdown are likely due to the swift and significant changes in daily routines (such as sleep patterns and work dynamics) and psychological states (including increased anxiety and concerns) prompted by the sanitary crisis. On the other hand, the increase in fatigue observed one year after the beginning of the pandemic seems to result from more psychological factors associated with the health situation.

Ecological novelty at the start of the Cambrian and Ordovician radiations of echinoderms

AbstractThe Cambrian and Ordovician radiations marked the origins of all major echinoderm clades and established their Phanerozoic ecological blueprint. Recent claims of modest innovation of early echinoderms and other animals suggest constraints on novelty during the origins of phyla. Here, we document the life‐habit richness, body size, tiering, habitat usage, mobility, diet and foraging habits of 366 Cambrian–Ordovician echinoderm genera across a time‐scaled phylogeny to identify the timing and impact of novelty. Most early echinoderms were sedentary, filter‐feeding microbivores, and their body sizes, diets and modes of locomotion were largely unchanged through time, despite major volatility in taxonomic composition. Cambrian echinoderms lived close to the seafloor, with stylophorans first evolving semi‐infaunality. Many Ordovician echinoderms lived farther from the seafloor, with more complex filter‐feeding organs and tiering structure, often using other organisms as substrates. Mobile carnivores and mass‐feeders emerge then, too, across diverse asterozoans and echinozoans. Most of these novelties coincide with the origins of individual clades during the early and late Cambrian (Terreneuvian/Series 2 and Furongian), and 10–20 million years pass before most become ecologically important. Life‐habit evolution within most taxa involved new variations in these traits, with crinoids and asterozoans better able to shift strategies. The Ordovician radiation records more new variability in pre‐existing Cambrian life habits rather than radical re‐invention, with important novelties (like mobile carnivory and mass‐feeding, increased height off the seafloor, and biotic substrates) becoming ecologically more impactful. Taxa with these strategies were those best able to capitalize on the newly heterogeneous Ordovician world.

Understanding the Magnetic Activity of M Dwarfs: Optical and Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Studies

We present here preliminary results of stellar activities on three active M dwarfs having strong magnetic fields using optical and Near-Infrared (NIR) (0.38 μm − 2.5 μm) spectroscopic observational data using HFOSC on the 2-m HCT and TANSPEC on the 3.6-m DOT. The sample includes new observations of AD Leo, EV Lac, and Stkm2-809 M dwarfs, including published literature values of 89 M dwarfs. To understand the magnetic field activity on those dwarfs, we used the equivalent widths of spectral features Ca IRT triplet (0.850 μm, 0.854 μm, 0.866 μm), which are generally chromospheric and coronal indicators in M dwarfs, and investigate the correlation between those line strengths with Rossby number, which is defined as the ratio of rotation period (Prot) to convective turnover time (τconv). We find a strong correlation between the equivalent widths of Ca IRT b and Ca IRT c and Rossby number (R0). The correlation shows an increasing trend of equivalent widths of those lines with decreasing R0, and saturation of the equivalent widths of those at lower R0 ≤0.1. To estimate R0, we estimate the rotation periods of three observed M dwarfs in our sample from TESS data, and in the case of other M dwarfs, we used the literature values. Interestingly, in TESS light curves of AD Leo, EV Lac, and Stkm2-809 M dwarfs, we find several flare events. We estimated the bolometric flared energy in a range of 1034 to 1037 erg, which is in the superflare range (more than 1032 erg). We estimate the highest flared energy of 1.22 × 1037 erg for EV Lac in TESS sector 57. To produce such kind of high superflare event, we have estimated the required magnetic field strength of 10.53 kG, which will have an impact on the life habitability of planets around such M dwarfs.

유치원 교사가 인식한 유아시민교육의 실제와 방향성

This purpose of this study is to investigate practices and direction on citizenship education for young children recognized by preschool teacher as a agent of practice. To do this, data were collected from 12 preschool teachers using 5 times focus group interviews, from July 23 to August 9, 2021 and analyzed data according to the inductive spiral qualitative data analysis method presented by Creswell (2007). The findings showed that first, preschool teachers’ perception on practices of citizenship education for young children were as follows: ‘unplanned but included in Nuri curriculum’, ‘implemented in the form of character education and basic life habit education’, ‘develop children who are today’s citizen into citizen of the future’, ‘daily life education seeking common good.’ The second, preschool teacher’s perception on direction of practices of citizenship education for young children were as follows: ‘guaranteeing teachers' autonomy while integrating character education and basic life habit education’, ‘creating a democratic classroom where children participate and are responsible’, ‘secure safety through order and rules, but in a democratic way’, ‘from raising teachers' awareness to parents education, and further forming a democratic social culture.’ The findings of this study give some discussion about that challenges and directions of citizenship education practices based on conceptual relations between citizenship, character education and basic life habit education. Also, meaning to direction of citizenship education practices perceived by preschool teachers was discussed.

Social Media Addiction and Healthy Life Habits: A Comparative Study of New York City - USA and Lahore - Pakistan

Purpose: Developing comparative analysis between negative and positive health habits among young adults in wake of social media usage among youth in Lahore – Pakistan and New York, USA, is the core objective of this research. Different parameters applied on habits of young adults due to social media usage revealed excessive use of social media was resulting into negative effects on healthy habits of young adults in Pakistan, wherein social media was the least preference in USA. The purpose of the study was achieved to great extent.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed in-depth interviews qualitative method to extract detailed opinions about the phenomenon under exploration. In-depth interview technique seemed the most appropriate method for qualitative studies for data collection.&#x0D; Findings: A massive gulf between social media consuming habits of Pakistani and Americans owing to multiple factors was established from this study. With the support of relevant stakeholders including cellular companies, prominent figures of society and Tech icons in USA has chalked out a comprehensive social-structural mechanism for wellbeing of the society at large particularly the young adults wherein the developing nations including Pakistan has least concern about this important component of social wellbeing.&#x0D; Implications/Originality/Value: The US citizens love to enjoy through physical activities i.e., plan weekends and other events and even they avoid using cell phones / social media while dinning collectively at restaurants. In Lahore, however, the youngsters have developed negative social media usage habits which are highly affecting their healthy lifestyle.

Analisis Brand Ambassador Grup K-Pop EXO Sebagai Strategi Ekspansi Pemasaran Produk Scarlett Whitening

One of the impacts of the globalization era is related to the influx of cultural elements from other countries. The phenomenon of globalization is also able to connect countries through trade cooperation, cultural exchange, investment, technological advances and others. Some foreign cultures have begun to dominate Indonesia, whether from trends, music, movies, or the habits of life of other countries, but Indonesians are quite good at handling this phenomenon. Meanwhile, through its marketing expansion strategy, Scarlett Whitening utilizes the phenomenon that Indonesia has been named as the country with the highest number of K-pop fans or what we usually hear as K-popers in the world because of people's enthusiasm for South Korean culture, such as movies, music, drama or beauty trends in South Korea.