Life Cycle Of Facility Research Articles

Toward Sustainable Road Infrastructure Through Production of Nega-Resources

The paper deals with the actual problem of achieving sustainable development, through ensuring the sustainability of certain sectors of the national economy, in particular the road sector. The concept of “sustainable development” has been revealed and the steps to achieve it in the Republic of Belarus today have been assessed. In addition, an attempt has been made to substantiate the impact of the sustainability of the road sector, as an integral and connecting part of economic entities on the sustainable development of countries and regions. The influence of the road sector on the elements of sustainable development is considered and its further prospects are assessed. For this, it is proposed to consider the impact of road construction at various structural levels: mega-, meso-, macro- and micro-level, which affect all aspects of the road economy, such as design, construction, maintenance and repair, production of building materials and products. The possibility of implementing the concept of nega-resources in the road sector is considered. Nega-resources are understood as such potential resources that are formed as a result of improving the processes of handling the final product by rationalizing its consumption, as well as with initial resources by optimizing individual stages of the production and logistics cycles. A market for nega-resources could be created following the example of the existing market for emissions allowances under the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Climate Agreement. The road sector today has many promising technologies, the use of which generates a larger amount of nega-resources. So taking into account nega-resources in the life cycle of transport facilities, as well as creating a system of material incentives based on nega-resources, will ensure the sustainability of road construction, and at the same time the sustainable development of the country and the region as a whole.

The Role of Sustainable Project Management in Facilities Management

Growth in facilities management (FM) and project management (PM) have been remarkable over the last decade. Simultaneously, the adoption of sustainability principles among organisations has also increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the connection between sustainability in PM and FM. Specifically, this research study aimed at understanding the common principles involved in both PM and FM that allowed sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by the United Nations in 2015 and to be an integral part of the European Green Deal in 2019. A systematic literature review of more than 200 different resource materials was performed, 55 of which were finally selected as falling under the scope of the study. The chosen literature was published between 2001 and 2020, except for the Brundtland Commission Report, which was published in 1987. Based on the collected material, a simplified facility lifecycle model was produced to illustrate the connection between sustainability in FM and PM. Developing this model will help practitioners and researchers incorporate PM as a function of FM, including the application of sustainable activities in different phases of a facility’s lifecycle.

Applicability of a novel Indicator Method to assessment of the impact of buildings on the environment

It is common in the building sector to require that several variants of a planned building be developed. Evaluation of such variant solutions can refer to different aspects, but in compliance with the binding EU legal regulations, it is obligatory to take into consideration different stages in the life cycle of a building in any such assessment. As recommended, the evaluation of a life cycle should include three basic aspects, that is costs and the impact on the social and natural environment. It can encompass the development of an entire building, or in other cases it might be justified to analyse particular components of a development project.The literature on the subject implicates certain shortcomings of commonly used methods. The article presents an innovative approach to the assessment of variants, based on a case of designing a roof of a production hall, where various material solutions for the roof truss are considered. A proprietary approach called the Indicator Method was used for the evaluation. The method employs both positive and negative values, direct and indirect (local and global) impacts, and the model appraisal was based on selected indicators for all stages of the facility's life cycle. Assessment with negative and positive values yields more varied results, which may facilitate decision making. Furthermore, the inclusion of factors covering all stages of the life cycle has identified critical stages in the facility's life cycle. The research confirmed that the proposed Indicator Method can fill identified the research gap by providing innovative tools to evaluate the environmental impact of a building more comprehensively.

The Verhulst equation in managing the life cycle of a real estate facility

Managing the lifecycle of a real estate facility is an important part of the reproduction process. A brief analysis of corporate lifecycle models is provided. As a scientific research hypothesis, it is assumed that the initial stage lifecycle is based on consumption of external resources, while at the final stage internal resources are consumed. The concepts of “resource consumption lifecycle model” and “resource consumption rate” are introduced. It is the rate of resource consumption that determines the end of the real estate facility lifecycle. The Verhulst differential equation for the population growth model is used as a mathematical basis. The lifecycle model has three phases: growth, stability, and degradation. This model can be applied to change the lifecycle of a construction facility. Synchronous and asynchronous types of management are described. It is proven that monitoring and forecasting are components of synchronous management of a real estate lifecycle.

Russia’s Legal Regulation and Experience in the Field of BIM Implementation at Different Stages of the Construction Facility Life Cycle

Introduction. The article focuses on the problems and prospects of building information modelling (BIM) technologies development in the construction industry of the country, valid development strategies, BIM technologies implementation and influence in the construction industry. It has been proved that creation of a digital twin of a construction facility at the design stage ensures its efficient management at the construction as well as operational stages. By studying BIM technologies legal regulation framework the possibilities of their use by the construction organisations have been outlined. The stages of the capital construction facilities life cycle have been defined, the categories of companies using BIM technologies in designing and construction practices have been specified. The aim of the study is to identify the problems hindering implementation of information modeling technologies in the construction industry of the Russian Federation and to propose solutions through automation of all processes at different stages of the capital construction facility life cycle.Materials and Methods. There are plenty of factors directly and indirectly affecting the time period of BIM implementation in the construction industry: the role of the state, the existing construction philosophy and many others. Considerable progress can be observed in the Scandinavian countries, in Netherlands, Germany, Singapore, France. The leading positions belong to the USA and Great Britain. But even in these countries it would be wrong to speak about complete implementation of BIM in the construction industry. In the Russian Federation the UK experience of BIM technologies implementation in the construction industry is used. For the UK authorities the main outcome of the information technologies implementation is maximum transparency of budget spending and control of construction costs. Therefore, all state construction projects are executed using the information modeling technologies. Russia has partly adopted the foreign countries experience in its construction industry – according to the Government Regulation No. 331 the design of all capital buildings and structures under the federal and regional orders must be carried out using an information model; and the package of materials to be included into an information model and general rules for its formation are regulated by the Russian Federation Government Regulation No. 1431, put into effect earlier.Results. In the Russian Federation the implementation of BIM technologies in the construction industry is regulated by the following regulatory documents: the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation Government Regulations, National Standards of the Russian Federation (GOST) and Codes of Practices (SP), Methodological Guidelines and Requirements for the State Expert Appraisal of Design Documentation and assessment of the information model. One should refer to the regulatory documents available on the official websites such as websites of the National Association of Organisations in the field of Information Modelling Technology (NOTIM), National Designers and Surveyors Association (NOPRIZ), as well as the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation (Minstroy of Russia). On the whole BIM technologies in Russia are underdeveloped. BIM technologies are practically not used at the stages of construction and operation.Discussion and Conclusions. Building information modeling is more than just a new way of designing. This is a fundamentally different view on the facility life cycle management (building, installation of equipment, operation and maintenance and repairs). BIM technologies implementation in the construction sector is a long and controversial process. Sufficient time is required to optimise and set up the information technologies application in all areas of construction and operation. This work resulted in working through and finding solutions to the main problems of implementing the information modeling in construction: as follows from the foreign countries experience the acceleration of BIM technologies implementation in Russia should begin with strengthening the legislative framework via drawing up the national standards and technical regulations upon the initiative of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation.

Managerial and engineering solutions made to ensure the quality of construction and installation work at various stages of the life cycle of a construction facility

Introduction. Current regulations indicate the need to ensure the quality of work performed at various stages of construction projects. Pursuant to the Urban Planning Code, quality control functions are assigned to a technical coordinator, as well as organizations that perform the work themselves. A number of approved sets of rules describe basic principles to be complied with by the companies performing this work. Research literature also focuses on and describes in detail the main problems that arise during the implementation of capital construction projects, as well as methods and techniques used to prevent and eliminate any deviations thus identified. At the same time, very few research works address fundamentals of work performance procedures and quality assurance technologies applied in the course of engineering surveying, development of design documentation and project budgets, performance of construction and installation work, operation, demolition and disposal of construction waste. These works are fragmented and disparate elements of a consolidated quality assurance system, and they need more research.
 
 Materials and methods. The author analyzed current regulations that ensure principal aspects of quality assurance at various stages of the life cycle of a construction facility. Principles of the systems approach to construction procedures and technologies, needed to ensure the pre-set parameters, are proposed. Specific conditions of construction control at the stage of engineering surveys and implementation of construction and installation works (including reconstruction, restoration, major repairs) of various classes of reliability and durability are considered.
 
 Results. Current regulations, documentation and scientific research projects, used to perform construction control, inspection of buildings and structures, as well as various types of monitoring, do not allow for the uniformity of companies responsible for quality assurance.
 
 Conclusions. The proposed systems approach to the arrangement of quality assurance work at various stages of the life cycle of a construction facility will in the shortest possible time allow for the development of uniform principles underlying the operation of entities that guarantee quality, prevent and timely identify various deviations.

Use of the Internet of Things in the Construction Industry and Facility Management: Usage Examples Overview

Internet of Things (IoT) represents an important area that is evolving rapidly in the context of digitalization efforts related to the Construction 4.0 era. This paper deals with the Internet of Things applications within the construction industry in selected phases of the facility's life cycle, namely the construction and operational phases. In particular, relevant examples of its use were collected, discussed and supplemented with several review papers on a given topic. Results of the analysis show that the potential of the Internet of Things usage is wide and varied in connection with the complexity of the construction projects and the long-term service life of the facilities. The concepts of the Internet of Things usage in the above-mentioned life cycle phases are mostly different focusing e.g., on quality, health and safety issues within the case of construction phase or smart concepts and energy management during the operational phase. Furthermore, one common theme was identified for both investigated phases of the life cycle, namely the interconnection of Building Information Modelling and the Internet of Things. It can be expected that the importance of such interconnection will continue to rise as construction projects implemented with the support of the Building Information Modelling become more and more common in the future.

Gamma-ray spectroscopy for the characterization of uranium contamination in nuclear decommissioning

Decommissioning is the last step in the life cycle of a nuclear facility. After the evacuation of the facility components, the remaining structures such as concrete walls and floors must be surveyed to ensure that no residual contamination remains. It is a costly and time consuming activity, for which CEA develops fast alpha and beta detection methods allowing a full scanning of very large areas (hundreds of thousands of square meters) in legacy uranium enrichment plants. To support these developments, we present here complementary high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy analyses of a contaminated area at the gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facility UDG, currently under decommissioning at Pierrelatte nuclear plant, France. Long measurements are performed with a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector on the contaminated surface, and in a clean area to assess the natural gamma background of the concrete ground. The surface activity of uranium is 16.6 ± 6.0 Bq.cm-2, mainly due to 234U and 238U, most of the uncertainty coming from the non-uniform distribution of the contamination on the ground. This measurements also allowed us estimating the uranium enrichment of the contamination, which amounts to (0.80 ± 0.13) % of 235U mass fraction, consistently with the range of the Low Enrichment Plant where this measure was performed. Eventually, the background spectrum allowed us to determine the mass fractions of natural uranium, thorium and potassium in the concrete ground, which respectively amount to 3.8 ± 0.2. ppmU (i.e. 3.8 mg of uranium per kg of concrete), 7.4 ± 0.7 ppmTh, and (2.6 ± 0.1) %K of potassium.

Development of agricultural water supply and sanitation using information technologies

The problem of digitalization of agricultural water supply and sanitation is considered. The processes of development of information technologies and the features of their implementation in the activities of construction participants and organizations providing water supply and sanitation in agriculture have been studied. An approach to the creation of an effective system for managing the life cycle of agricultural water supply and sanitation facilities using information technology is proposed. The implementation of the results of the study will help improve the quality of water supply and sanitation services in agriculture and provide conditions for the growth of agricultural production.

Trends in the application of “green” standards on the life cycle of capital housing construction objects

The study aims to identify the problems of “green” housing in the concept of sustainable-ESG development of the life cycle of a capital facility. It was revealed that the priority area of sustainable management of the capital object life cycle is a responsible attitude towards the environment, and the main factor is energy efficiency. In this aspect, the analysis of actual data from the Unified Housing Information System was carried out using statistical methods, mathematical and graphic modeling. Trends in the distribution of houses by energy efficiency groups were identified, an economic assessment of the increase in the cost of “green” residential buildings was made, the impact on the marginality of developers, which reduces when using “green” technologies, was shown. The role of the banking sector in maintaining “green” projects is shown: their share in the portfolios of financial institutions has been assessed, leaders in the top 5 banks have been identified. The conclusions are formulated in the form of points of growth of “green” housing construction in the field of standardization of requirements and approaches to the assessment of “green” projects, the development of mechanisms for their regulation based on the balance of administrative and economic instruments, as well as the activation of banking structures for the introduction of preferential investment.

생애이력 기반 특고압 전기설비 안전관리 시스템 구축을 위한 모델 연구

To ensure the electrical safety of electrical facilities, their performance should be maintained above a certain threshold value. To do this, it is necessary to manage electrical facilities similarly to inertial performance through periodic inspection and maintenance based on historical data. Because the information on the installation, maintenance, and disposal of an electrical facility is distributed among various management entities, difficulties arise in supporting the information for determining maintenance. This paper proposes an establishment model for a safety management system based on the life cycle of extra-high voltage electrical facilities. The life cycle of electrical facilities presents the perspective of management for electrical safety evaluation services such as electrical safety level, life assessment, life prediction, and an electrical safety management. In addition, the proposed model includes the concepts of system configuration and the design of system data. The performance of the proposed model was demonstrated by applying the periodic inspection and diagnosis data of transformers and cables.

Analysis of environmental consequences occurring in the life cycle of a retail facility

The increasing importance of environmental protection issues has recently forced a low–emission approach to investment processes. To accomplish the European Union's climate, energy and environmental goals, action is needed to achieve high levels of energy efficiency and low environmental damage. Among the energy–intensive sectors, construction deserves a distinction due to its leading share in gross energy consumption in developed countries. Therefore, it is necessary, and at the same time more and more popular, to analyse the environmental loads generated in individual phases and throughout the life cycle of building objects. This subject is also gaining importance in the context of the recent increases in the prices of energy carriers, which forces the search for new construction and exploitation solutions in line with the philosophy of sustainable development and the circular economy. The aim of the analysis was to assess the environmental consequences in the life cycle of a real commercial building located in Janikowo (Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship), which was carried out using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology. The obtained results indicated the dominance of the facility exploitation phase in the level of cumulative environmental loads.

ОСНОВЫ ФОРМАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЖИЗНЕННЫМ ЦИКЛОМ ОБЪЕКТОВ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

The article provides a formalized model of object-oriented automated process control technologies at the construction facilities life cycle stages. The subject area is the life cycle of buildings and structures, the object of the analysis is the formalization of automated technologies for the construction facilities life cycle. The research uses the method of formalized description based on the constructive direction of the theory of algorithms, operating with the concept of K-processes. An important methodological principle of generating K-processes for obtaining constructive objects is introduced, such that K-processes are always object-oriented and are feasible only for a specific class of construction objects in the common data environment. A formalized model and scheme of development, management and generation of K-processes are proposed as the basis of object-oriented automated technologies for the construction facilities life cycle stages.

Multi-period optimization for CO2 sequestration potential of enhanced weathering using non-hazardous industrial wastes

Negative emission technologies (NETs) can contribute to mitigating climate change. Enhanced weathering (EW) is a NET with considerable carbon sequestration potential. It is based on accelerated chemical reactions between alkaline minerals and water and carbon dioxide to generate bicarbonates in runoff that flows into the ocean to achieve long-term carbon sequestration. EW also presents a potential valorisation pathway for the use of industrial residues. Therefore, we selected non-hazardous industrial wastes (NHIWs) as the alkaline mineral of EW. The processes for implementing EW (crushing, transporting, and spreading NHIWs) will produce additional CO2 emissions and require energy input, and these values may vary in the life cycle of the specific facilities. To address this gap, we developed a multi-period mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to optimize NHIWs flows between sources and sinks over the planning horizon, while considering the annual CO2 sequestration target for achieving regional carbon drawdown. Our results show that the unit net CO2 sequestration cost for removing 1% and 1.5% annual carbon emissions of Shandong province is $273 and $378 /t CO2, respectively. It is estimated that from 2020 to 2030, the maximum CO2 sequestration of NHIWs produced by Shandong province will be 305.78 Mt CO2. The developed model can also be applied to other regions and countries as guidance for EW deployment and support for waste utilization towards circular economy.

Linking BIM to Power BI and HoloLens 2 to Support Facility Management: A Case Study Approach

Facility lifecycle data captured in BIM during design and construction are very valuable for effective facility operations and maintenance. Traditionally, model authoring and analysis tools have been used to search and query model information. These tools are not well designed to search and display needed data and they require a steep learning curve. In this paper, the authors propose the use of Power BI dashboards to facilitate easy access and display of lifecycle data embedded in the model. The implementation and use of dashboards for facility management are discussed using a case study. The effectiveness and usability of the dashboards are validated using a focus group of six industry experts that were first interviewed then asked to complete a questionnaire. Feedback from interviews indicated that customized dashboards are effective tools to view, analyze and draw insights on data from various sources and can improve facility operations and management. Numerical results from the PSSUQ using fourteen questions indicated positive responses overall with an average score of four or five from the majority of respondents. Finally, the authors tested integration of the Power BI dashboards with the HoloLens 2 to deliver relevant up-to-date facility lifecycle data in near real-time to field staff.

Mechanism of the determination of cost efficiency of the state investments on the of basis risk-focused approach

Modern investment and construction activities in the Russian Federation under the current paradigm of providing a comfortable environment for human activity should ensure the continuous creation (improvement) of the infrastructure of the territory. Every year, at the state level, investment programs are created that reflect the priority areas of construction and are financed from the state budget. However, the existing problems in the deterioration of the quality of construction products, not always a high level of qualification of performers and the necessary construction and investment control at all stages of the life cycle of a capital construction facility have led to the need to create a system that provides for the establishment of limits on budget commitments to cover existing risks and execute an investment project on time.

Informing Standards: evolving the business case for maintaining complex process facility digital twins

An industry standards organization sponsors a project to design a standard and document a means to assess the practical and economic benefits of 3D model maintenance throughout the complex process facility lifecycle. This article chronicles the elaborated action design research (eADR) approach used to evaluate the design and implementation stages of this project, reflecting on this ongoing effort to deploy a standard for management of 3D models. These 3D design models are a foundational element of the virtual representation or ‘digital twin’ of physical assets. The researcher evaluates the project artifacts created to date, focusing on the business case for the standard with various use cases where value can be derived from investment in maintaining the model beyond the design stage of capital facility development and its impact on total cost of ownership. Included in the analysis is an outline of key artifacts created as part of the researcher’s intervention and how they were created as well as a summary of the project’s artifacts and the use cases they support. Initial results of the project team’s analysis reveal how firms can reduce total cost of ownership while improving the performance and reliability of complex process facilities by maintaining the 3D design models and using them throughout the facility lifecycle.

Технологии информационного моделирования объектов дорожного строительства

This work addressed the problems of using information modelling in road facilities. One of the main scientific and technical tasks of implementing information modelling in the field of design and construc-tion of highways and engineering structures lies in its use throughout the entire life cycle of a road facility. It was revealed that such models should include the geometric characteristics of road facilities, local conditions in which they are located and basic data on the occurring processes. The applicability of information models at different stages of construction, reconstruction and reconditioning of roads and engineering structures were considered in order to ensure continuous monitoring of all technical programmes and data amendment. In order to implement the information modelling to design manage-ment, it is necessary to establish interaction between all the design participants by means of a special knowledge library represented by a catalog of standard solutions that can be used in subsequent pro-jects at variable component parameters. Software products used for the design of roads using infor-mation modelling were given. A 3D model of a motorway bridge containing the data on each element was presented, which allowed a spatial model of an engineering structure to be built. It was concluded that the use of information modelling of an object greatly facilitates the work of designers and con-struction workers, allowing for many advantages over previous means of developing road construction projects. This approach offers a combination and coordination of parts of the designed road object developed by different specialists and organisations.

Разработка организационно-технических решений на этапе капитального ремонта жизненного цикла объекта строительства с использованием возможностей его цифровой модели

The study is aimed at the development of management and engineering solutions at the overhaul stage of a construction facility represented by A-331 “Vilyui” highway (Tulun – Bratsk – Ust'-Kut – Mirny – Yakutsk) using its digital model. The research methodology is based on the BIM modelling concept used in domestic and foreign practice during the overhaul of construction facilities using Au-todesk Revit software and automated control systems for road construction equipment. The overhaul repair of highways represents one of the priority directions in road construction, which is aimed at the restoration of upper road structural layers taking into account the evenness and roughness require-ments. In order to improve the efficiency of management decisions, it is advisable to integrate 3D-modelling tools into the generally accepted overhaul stages in the life cycle of construction facilities, which optimizes the overhaul projects and ensures their digital maturity. On this basis, the article pre-sents a digital information model for a capital construction object taking into account factors impeding its wide application. The stages of forming management and engineering documentation using auto-mated design tools are analysed. An analysis of the integration of BIM technologies into the overhaul stage in the life cycle of construction objects was carried out using the example of A-331 "Vilyui" high-way. Based on the applied digital model, the schedules of works and material supply were developed, along with the specification of requirements for machines, mechanisms and labour costs. The auto-mated design tools applied during the overhaul of construction facilities were shown to be applicable for obtaining the actual distribution of the volumes of repair works, determining the planned time inter-val of their fulfilment, as well as optimizing the expenditure of the budgetary funds and other re-sources.

Configuring BIM models to Support A Systems-Driven Visualization Approach: A Case Study

Models developed through design and construction are not intended to support facility management. They don’t generally have the life-cycle data and information required or they are not configured to support visualization of model graphics from a system’s perspective. Current implementations for BIM-FM focuses mainly on including facility life cycle data in BIM models to support space management or asset management. Models are not customized with necessary data and classification that allow for isolating and visualizing components of a specific building system (e.g. supply air). This is necessary in an emergency situation to allow facility staff to diagnose the problem associated with the system and its components, identify the problem and make necessary and informed actions. In this paper, we discuss requirements for preparing an as-built BIM model to be systems-centric using a case study approach of a two-story science building. A system classification hierarchy was developed to classify the systems and sub-systems of the building. Sixteen systems-centric properties were defined to search, filter, isolate, and display elements in a specific system or sub-system. The configured systems-centric model will allow facility managers understand the dependencies across different systems to accurately determine impacts across the facility and develop strategies to rapidly respond to any emergency. The case study analysed the mechanical and plumbing systems in the building. This paper will focus on results from the analysis of the mechanical system. An example of emergency scenario is discussed and presented.