Lichen Planus Patients Research Articles

Scrupulous management of Lichen planus with follow up

Lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune disorder of mucosa and skin, affecting mainly females in the third decade of life and is rare in the young age group. The etiology of Lichen planus is still unknown with certain triggering factors which include mental stress, medicines, and systemic disorders. Oral Lichen planus is a painful disorder that mainly involves the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity. The reticular pattern is most common while an atrophic and erosive type of oral lichen planus is less common. Here we present a case of a lichen planus (reticular, pigmented, and annular types) involving buccal mucosa bilaterally, hard palate, and tongue without any cutaneous lesions in an 18-year-old female patient with a meticulous follow-up. Lichen planus patients need consistent follow up and physician reassurance in addition to medicinal management.

Evaluation of inner ear and hearing functions in lichen planus patients.

Lichen planus (LP), which affects skin, nails, hair, and mucosal surfaces, is a chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease, and autoimmune diseases may affect the inner ear. This study aims to investigate hearing and inner ear functions of the LP patients. The present study was formed by 49 patients who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with LP and did not receive any treatment. The healthy group consisted of 52 healthy individuals. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests were used in the hearing evaluation. At frequencies of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in the right ear and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in the left ear in PTA, the lichen group's hearing thresholds were higher than the healthy group's. Upon comparing the hearing thresholds of LP patients with oral mucosa involvement and LP patients without oral mucosa involvement, there were significant differences between the groups at 1, 4, and 8 kHz in the right ear and at 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in the left ear. Because of the increasing hearing thresholds, we think that hearing and inner ear functions of LP patients, particularly with oral mucosal involvement, are negatively affected.

Association between oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection among Kashmir population

Group 1 consisted of 175 patients with oral lichen planus lesions. Prevalance of HCV infection was carried out. Group 2 was composed of 24 patients with known and confirmed diagnosis of HCV infection. In this group prevalence of OLP lesion was carried out. Prevalence of HCV infection in oral lichen planus patients (Group 1) was found in only 1.7% of cases and overall frequency of OLP in HCV patients (group 2) was 4.1%. No correlation was seen in both groups because the overall frequencies of both diseases were very less and insignificant with their respective control groups.

Study Correlation between Some Immune Markers in Patients with Lichen Planus: Review Article

Lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the body's skin and multiple mucous membranes. In multicellular species, protein 53 and syndecan-1protein play an significant role since they control the cell cycle and thus play a major role in tumor suppression and cancer prevention. The p53 gene was therefore identified as a "genome protector," referring to its role in preserving the integrity of genetic information by preventing gene mutations. The purpose of this analysis was to study the association between certain immune markers in lichen planus patients. The aim of this study: Study correlation between some immune markers in patients with lichen planus.
 Methods: 'Thirty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue pieces, diagnosed as Oral Lichen planus (OLP), were included in the sample of this report.
 Results: Evaluation of P53 Immunohistochemistry and Evaluation of syndecan-1protein Immunohistochemistry
 Conclusion: The marker p53 expression is high in the patient with Lichen Planus while the second studed markersyndecan-1 protein is less than marker p53.

A study of serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus

Objectives: Primary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus (LP) and normal subjects. The secondary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels of LP patients with and without oral lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study comparing the serum cortisol levels in patients with LP with that of age- and gender-matched normal subjects who attended a tertiary referral centre. Results: There were a total of 52 patients with LP in this study. The mean age was 48.1 ± 12.6 years. Male/female ratio was 1:1.9. Fifteen (28.8%) patients gave a history of recent stress in the 1 month before the onset of illness. Classical LP (34, 65.4%) was the most common type. Oral cavity was involved in 24 patients (46.2%). The mean serum cortisol level of patients with LP was higher than the same noted in age- and gender-matched normal subjects and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) was noted between the serum cortisol levels of patients with different types of LP. No significant difference in the cortisol levels was observed between LP patients with and without oral lesions. Limitations: The main limitation of the study was the small sample size. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in serum cortisol levels in patients with LP when compared to normal subjects, while no significant difference was noted in cortisol levels between LP patients with and without oral lesions.

A clinical study on linear dermatoses at a teriary care teaching hospital in Davangere

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Skin lesions present with innumerable patterns like discoid, petaloid, arcuate, annular, polycyclic, livedo, reticulate, target, stellate, digitate, linear, serpiginous and whorled. Most of the linear lesions follow the Blaschko’s lines. Aim was to study the incidence of linear dermatoses, the age and sex incidence, various types of clinical presentation, various sites of distribution and their clinical correlation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Detailed history including family history, History of disease documented with clinical examination. After counselling and after recording their consent for the test, skin biopsy along with routine investigations was done wherever needed and the results were evaluated. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Lichen striatus was seen in 29.91% followed by linear herpes zoster in 24.7%, linear lichen planus in 18.22%, linear verrucous epidermal nevus in 14.01%, segmental vitiligo in 3.73%, nevus depigmentation in 2.33% and others. Maximal cases were asymptomatic and reported for cosmetic reason. Intense itching was the main reason to bring the lichen planus patients and few cases of the lichen striatus patients for treatment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Lichen striatus was found to be more common, female preponderance. Majority of patients showed unilateral distribution more on the extremities. Histopathological correlation shows the importance of histopathology which ultimately changes the management in any given condition.</p><p> </p>

Demographic and clinical profile of oral lichen planus in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in North East India

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common, chronic condition involving the oral mucosa. The clinical presentations of OLP range from severe painful erosions and ulcerations to mild painless white, keratotic lesions. The buccal mucosa is the most commonly affected site and the involvement is usually bilateral. It is comparatively more common and persistent than the cutaneous form, resulting in considerable morbidity and discomfort for the patient. One of the most serious complications relating to the progression and prognosis of OLP is the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which resulted in the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying OLP as a potentially malignant disorder. Objective: To study the demographic distribution and clinical profile of 50 OLP patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in the north-eastern part of India. Materials and Methods: A group of 50 patients, comprising of 35 females and 15 males, diagnosed with OLP as per the clinical criteria of the WHO clinical definition of OLP were included in this study. Results: Among the 50 patients, M:F ratio was 0.42:1. Buccal mucosa was the most common site of OLP occurrence (96%), whereas, the reticular variant of OLP was the most common form (78%), followed by the erosive variant (16%) and the atrophic variant (6%). The incidence of systemic diseases included Hypertension (15%), Diabetes Mellitus (4%) and Hypothyroidism (2%). Histopathologically, epithelial dysplasia was seen in 2 cases. Conclusion: Most of the results of this study have been found to be in concordance with previous findings, with differences in a few. Since Lichen Planus is a chronic disease, treatment protocols are mainly directed at regulating the symptoms. Long-term follow up is usually very successful in detecting symptomatic aggravation and possible progression into malignancy. Keywords: Clinical features, Diagnosis, Lichen Planus, Oral Mucosa.

Using ROC analysis to confirm an algorithmically established diagnosis of lichen planus

The use of ROC analysis allowed the authors to determine cytogenetic criteria to confirm the diagnosis of lichen planus, obtained by selecting the most informative features and interpreting the micronucleus test in buccal epithelium, calculating their critical values, sensitivity and specificity for use as diagnostic tests. An increase in the number of cells with micronuclei in the lesion of lichen planus is a sign of genetic instability, which can trigger the process of their malignancy. Recognition of nuclear aberrations against the background of nuclear destruction makes it possible to diagnose lichen planus in patients).

A Clinico-epidemiological study of patients with lichen planus and associated metabolic complications at a tertiary care centre

Background: An association between lichen planus and systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome has been reported. Aim: To assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of lichen planus, evaluate prevalence of underlying metabolic complications and compare the clinical profile of patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: All the patients with lichen planus attending dermatology out patient department of a tertiary care centre in South Rajasthan over a period of one year were studied. Patients with lichenoid drug eruptions and those receiving systemic treatment for lichen planus were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using the chi – square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 270 patients of lichen planus were enrolled. Male to female ratio was found to be 0.76: 1. Maximum (64; 23.7%) patients belonged to the age group of 31 – 40 years. Classical morphology was the most common (128; 47.4%) cutaneous pattern. Mucosal and nail involvement was seen in 80 (29.6%) and 87 (32.2%) patients respectively. Koebner phenomenon was present in 57 (21.1%) patients. The investigations were completed by 175 (64.8%) patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were found in 12.6% (22/175) and 14.3% (25/175) patients respectively. The diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome were fulfilled by 39.4% (69/175) and 27.4% (48/175) patients respectively. Majority (81.2%) of the patients with metabolic syndrome belonged to age group 40 years and above, and oral and nail involvement was found to be more common in them. It is recommended that these patients should be screened for complications like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Significant numbers of lichen planus patients were found to have dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Patients aged 40 years and above, with oral and nail involvement have higher propensity to be associated with metabolic syndrome and therefore such patients should be screened for metabolic complications. Timely screening and early intervention may reduce the risk of related morbidity and mortality. Limitations: Lack of control group is the drawback of our study. Age and sex matched comparative studies are required for confirmation of the results.

FoxP3+CD4+, IFN-γ+CD4+, and IFN-γ+CD8+ cell levels in erosive and non-erosive types of oral lichen planus patients

Background/purposeOral lichen planus (OLP) is a localized autoimmune oral mucosal disease. This study evaluated whether different types of OLP patients including erosive OLP (EOLP), major EOLP, minor EOLP, and non-erosive OLP (NEOLP) patients had significantly higher percentages of FoxP3+CD4+ or IFN-γ+CD4+ cells in total CD4+ cells, and of IFN-γ+CD8+ cells in total CD8+ cells than healthy control subjects and whether the patient's age had significant influences on these cell percentages in OLP patients.Materials and methodsFlow cytometry was used to count the FoxP3+CD4+, IFN-γ+CD4+, or IFN-γ+CD8+ cell levels in 183 OLP patients (67 major EOLP, 81 minor EOLP, and 35 NEOLP patients) and 20 healthy control subjects.ResultsMajor EOLP patients had a significantly higher FoxP3+CD4+ cell percentage than health control subjects (P = 0.049) or minor EOLP patients (P = 0.008). Major EOLP patients had a significantly higher IFN-γ+CD4+ or IFN-γ+CD8+ cell percentage than healthy control subjects, NEOLP patients, or minor EOLP patients (all P-values < 0.01). In addition, both 61–80 year and 41–60 year OLP patients had significantly higher IFN-γ+CD8+ cell percentages than healthy control subjects or 20–40 year OLP patients (all P-values < 0.005).ConclusionMajor EOLP patients tend to have significantly higher percentages of FoxP3+CD4+, IFN-γ+CD4+, and IFN-γ+CD8+ cells than healthy control subjects, NEOLP patients or minor EOLP patients, suggesting that FoxP3+CD4+ Treg cells are increased to modulate OLP disease activity. Increased number of IFN-γ-producing activated T cell may be involved in oral epithelial cell destruction in OLP patients.

Modern clinical and anamnestical aspects of lichenoid dermatoses

The objective of the work was to study modern clinical and anamnestic features of chronic lichenoid dermatoses. Materials and methods.Clinical and anamnestic examination of 100 patients with psoriasis and 80 patients with lichen planus (LP) was carried out. In both study groups, the majority were patients 51–60 years old, the minority – patients 31–40 years old. Among patients with psoriasis, men prevailed in all age groups, among patients with LP, men prevailed in the group of 20–30 years. Results. In the general gender structure, men prevailed in the group of patients with psoriasis, women prevailed in the group of patients with LP. Comparison of the anamnestic data regarding dermatoses revealed a chronic recurrent nature, characteristic of both psoriasis and lichen planus. According to the to the duration of the disease, among patients with psoriasis, the majority were patients with a long course of more than 10 years, among patients with LP – patients with a history of less than 1 year. In the group of patients with psoriasis, the majority were patients with early onset of dermatosis, in the group of patients with LP – with a late onset after 25 years. Annual manifestations of dermatosis were recorded in the vast majority of patients with psoriasis; in patients with LP, annual manifestations of dermatosis were recorded 12 times less frequently. A family history of psoriasis was found 10 times more often than in the LP group. In patients with psoriasis, compared with patients with LP, a greater relative number of long-term forms of dermatosis (38% of cases versus 22.5%), and early forms of dermatosis, which occurred before the age of 25 (52% of cases, versus 26.5%) were found. The leading provoking factor among patients with psoriasis was recognized as psychoemotional stress (61%), and among patients with LP, infections suffered the days before (49%). Also, in patients with psoriasis, obesity and overweight were recorded 5 times more often, cardiovascular diseases – 3.6 times more often, endocrine disorders – 2.4 times more often, concomitant pathology of the digestive system – 1.5 times more often than in patients with LP. At the same time, comorbital chronic infectious states were recorded more often in LP patients than in patients with psoriasis (31.25% of cases versus 22% of cases). Conclusions. The revealed results of the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of the studied groups turned out to be homogeneous in terms of age characteristics, heterogeneous in gender characteristics, trigger factors, comorbid pathologies, and multidirectional in terms of duration, manifestations and onset of dermatosis, which requires further study and systematization of key parameters.

A pseudoallergic reaction involved in developing bullous oral lichen planus in patients with increased gastric acid-producing function

To determine the role of pseudo-allergic reaction in the development of the bullous form of LPR in patients with increased acid-forming function of the stomach. The level of histamine in blood was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography and blood IgE by the immunochemiluminescent method in 38 patients with the bullous form of LPOOR against the background of acid-dependent diseases and 14 patients with the reticular form of LP RR with the absence of hyperchlorhydria. For the treatment of patients with the bullous form of LPOOR, drugs were used - H1 and H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors. A positive result was obtained in 68.4% of cases. Thus, a pseudoallergic component has been established in the development of the bullous form of the LP of ROS against the background of increased acid-forming function of the stomach.

Evaluation of Angiopoietin 2 Serum Level in Lichen Planus and Psoriasis Patients

Background: Psoriasis and lichen planus (LP) are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The exact pathogenesis of these diseases until now is not fully determined. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators. Objective: To assess the relation of Ang-2 serum level with angiogenesis and inflammation that occurs in psoriasis and lichen planus. Patients and Methods: Thirty adult patients were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups, 15 patients each, of psoriasis and lichen planus (8 patients with combined cutaneous and oral LP and 7 patients with cutaneous LP only). In addition to fifteen healthy subjects taken as control. The activity of the diseases was estimated at the time of examination using specific activity index for each disease. The serum level of angiopoietin 2 had been estimated by ELISA. Results: It was found that these diseases had significantly higher serum levels of angiopoietin 2 than the control group. The serum levels of angiopoietin 2 were higher in psoriasis compared to lichen planus, but the difference between psoriasis and lichen planus was not statistically significant. There was significant positive correlation between serum levels of angiopoietin 2 and the clinical severity of psoriasis. On the other hand, there was no correlation between serum level of angiopoietin 2 and the clinical severity of lichen planus. Conclusion: An important evidence on the importance of angiopoietin 2 serum level in pathogenesis of lichen planus as well as psoriasis. It elevated in serum of psoriasis and lichen planus patients that reflects its role in angiogenesis and inflammation that are important events in the development of these diseases.

Evaluation of Angiopoietin 2 Serum Level in Lichen Planus and Psoriasis Patients

Background: Psoriasis and lichen planus (LP) are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The exact pathogenesis of these diseases until now is not fully determined. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators. Objective: To assess the relation of Ang-2 serum level with angiogenesis and inflammation that occurs in psoriasis and lichen planus. Patients and Methods: Thirty adult patients were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups, 15 patients each, of psoriasis and lichen planus (8 patients with combined cutaneous and oral LP and 7 patients with cutaneous LP only). In addition to fifteen healthy subjects taken as control. The activity of the diseases was estimated at the time of examination using specific activity index for each disease. The serum level of angiopoietin 2 had been estimated by ELISA. Results: It was found that these diseases had significantly higher serum levels of angiopoietin 2 than the control group. The serum levels of angiopoietin 2 were higher in psoriasis compared to lichen planus, but the difference between psoriasis and lichen planus was not statistically significant. There was significant positive correlation between serum levels of angiopoietin 2 and the clinical severity of psoriasis. On the other hand, there was no correlation between serum level of angiopoietin 2 and the clinical severity of lichen planus. Conclusion: An important evidence on the importance of angiopoietin 2 serum level in pathogenesis of lichen planus as well as psoriasis. It elevated in serum of psoriasis and lichen planus patients that reflects its role in angiogenesis and inflammation that are important events in the development of these diseases.

Serum Cortisol Levels in Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Lichen planus (LP) is an autoimmune, mucocutaneous, T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory disease that involves the oral mucosa. The prevalence of LP is 0.04–2% in general population with a female predilection. Patients with skin lesions also manifest oral lesions predominantly and about 25% present with only oral lesions. The aim of the systematic review is to analyze the serum cortisol levels in LP patients to elucidate the role of cortisol in pathogenesis of the lesion. A comprehensive search was done using electronic data bases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, COCHRANE, GOOGLE, manual search, and back references of the articles were extracted. A total of seven relevant articles were reviewed and analyzed. Electronic database and manual search identified 55 articles. Out of which, 33 were excluded after reading titles and removing duplication and 23 studies were evaluated in detail after reading the abstract and full text. A final of seven studies were included based on the inclusion criteria to meet the research question. All the studies analyzed the serum cortisol levels in LP patients and also in healthy subjects. Within the limitations of this review, it can be inferred that Cortisol is an established stress hormone and Serum cortisol estimation could be an important indicator in identifying susceptible oral lichen planus patients.

Elevation of Serum SSCCAII in Cutaneous and Oral Lichen Planus: Missing Link for Hidden Carcinogenic Potential?

Context:Lichen planus (LP) is an immune mediated inflammatory condition. SCCAII is a useful biomarker reflecting Th17 type inflammation. It is also a tumour marker, especially for Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Mechanism of carcinogenesis in LP is still unknown. Chronic inflammation may facilitate the development of cellular clones in the epidermis.Aims:Estimation of serum level of SCCA II in patients with cutaneous and oral LP (OLP) to detect its role in LP pathogenesis, and to reveal the missing link in understanding mechanism of carcinogenesis in LP.Methods and Material:A case control study, where 100 subjects were included; 80 LP patients (40 cutaneous & 40 oral) and 20 apparently healthy controls. We obtained an informed written consent from each subject prior the participation. Cutaneous and oral LP were diagnosed clinically, SCCA II level was measured by ELISA technique.Statistical analysis used:Statistical analysis was done using SPSS vs.25. (IBM, Armonk, New York, United states). Numerical data was summarized as means and standard deviations or medians and ranges.Results:Median SSCCAII level was significantly higher in LP cases compared to controls (P < 0.001) and was significantly higher in patients with OLP compared to patients with cutaneous LP (P ≤ 0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that median SSCCAII was significantly higher in patients with ulcerative type compared to both reticular type and others. It was also significantly higher in patients with actinic type compared to both hypertrophic type and classic type. Median SSCCAII was significantly higher in patients with ulcerative OLP compared to actinic LP (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Our study revealed that serum SCCAII level was higher in patients with cutaneous and OLP. This might be linked to the pathogenesis of LP, especially actinic and erosive OLP. SCCAII level could facilitate the screening and early detection of patients at risk, a potential alarm to launch accurate assessment and continue follow up of cutaneous as well as O LP patients.

Clinico-epidemiological factors related to lichen planus and its clinical variants at a tertiary care hospital: A descriptive study

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is an immune_mediated, chronic inflammatory disease involving skin, oral and genital mucosa, nails, and hair with several morphologic variants. The exact etiology remains unclear, but several factors have been implicated. Purpose: To study the clinico-epidemiological profile of patients of LP and its clinical variants and to find out whether LP is relatively uncommon in children. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, time-bound, clinico-epidemiological study was conducted in the outpatient department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital during the period of June 2017 to October 2018. A total of 170 patients were included in the study. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23 software packages were used for data entry and statistical analysis. The results were averaged for each parameter for continuous data and numbers and percentage for categorical data. Statistical tests were applied wherever necessary. Results: The overall prevalence of LP was 0.4% (n = 170) out of 42,127 patients who attended the OPD during the study period. The gender-wise prevalence of LP was 41% among females and 59% among males, and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.3). The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The highest prevalence among the variants of LP was of classical form (29%) and lowest was of inverse LP (0.6%). Overall, the mean age of the patients was 36 years, with a standard deviation of 17. There was one instance of LP occurring in both father and son. Conclusion: The most common age group of LP was 18 -40 years. Most patients came to seek health care within 1 year of beginning of disease. More than one variant of LP can coexist in the same individual. Childhood LP is not uncommon in the Indian subcontinent.

Can Pioglitazone Safeguard Patients of Lichen Planus Against Homocysteine Induced Accelerated Cardiovascular Aging and Reduced Myocardial Performance: A Systematic Review.

Lichen planus (L.P.) is a long-standing mucocutaneous inflammatory condition. A less familiar but essential illness association is increased arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and advanced atherosclerosis. Enhanced cardiac reconditioning and reduced performance of the heart have been suggested. Thiazolidinediones were commenced to manage hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Recently, the class attained popularity after its action on vascular physiology was discovered. With this review, we attempted to explore whether an antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPAR gamma) agonist, can defend patients of lichen planus against increased arterial stiffness and cardiac changes. We methodically screened numerous databases using focused words and phrases for relevant articles. After a comprehensive exploration, we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a quality appraisal. Items retained were exhaustively studied. High homocysteine (HHcy) levels in lichen planus play a significant role in modifying the arteries and leading to their dysfunction. Not only does homocysteine affect the precursor cells, but it also increases the free radical damage. Arterial damage and upraised resistance encountered by the heart reduce its performance. After an exhaustive analysis, in our opinion, pioglitazone works in various miscellaneous ways to mitigate the homocysteine mediated changes. Early inclusion of the drug in managing patients with lichen planus seems promising in minimizing the harmful effects of high homocysteine. Evaluating the risk-benefit ratio, we believe that a trial of pioglitazone could be given to patients without underlying cardiac conditions.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders - A retrospective study

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the 12th most common cancer in the world. 90-95% of oral cancer is OSCC and it can be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue and various epidemiological studies have implicated diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma and other oral potentially malignant disorders. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation of diabetes mellitus in OSCC, leukoplakia and oral lichen planus patients and also evaluate age and gender predilection in OSCC and OPMD cases with diabetes mellitus. This retrospective study included a sample size of n=226 [156-OPMD, 70-OSCC]. Data regarding the sample cases were selected after the review and analysis of records of about 86000 patients who visited our institution between June 2019 and March 2020. From n=226, 30% of OSCC cases showed the positive diabetic history and 15% of OLP and 8.3% of leukoplakia were associated with DM. A statistically significant association found between diabetes in OSCC, Leukoplakia, OLP cases with p-value (0.001). 90.48% of OSCC and 75% of leukoplakia cases with a positive diabetic history were males. Among OLP, 77.8% of cases with diabetes mellitus were females. The association of prevalence of diabetes mellitus with gender in Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), Leukoplakia and Oral lichen planus(OLP) was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). The most prevalent age range for both OSCC and OPMD patients with a history of diabetes mellitus was found to be 50-60 years, followed by above 60 years. In conclusion, there found to be a significant prevalence of DM in OSCC and OPMD cases. The DM status of oral cancer and OPMD patients may have a significant impact on their disease progression and treatment. DM could be considered as a prognostic factor for OSCC and OPMD.

The role of platelet rich plasma injection in the treatment of oral lichen planus patients

The role of platelet rich plasma injection in the treatment of oral lichen planus patients