Library Work Research Articles

Norm Critical Projects in Swedish School Librarian Practices

In this article, we explore the practices of school librarians with a specific focus on norm critical pedagogy, a distinctively Scandinavian concept with a basis in critical pedagogies. In Sweden, norm critique is a practice, a pedagogy and a discourse. Our article offers examples of school librarian practices that deal with issues of sexuality and gender conceptualized in their work with LGBTQ+ literature from a norm critical perspective. We analysed semi-structured interviews with eight librarians in four secondary and upper secondary schools through the lens of the theory of practice architectures (Kemmis & Grootenboer, 2008). Our findings demonstrate how the norm critical practices of school librarians are enabled and constrained by arrangements within the school site, as well as by management, colleagues and professional learning practices. The projects carried out by school librarians that employ norm critical perspectives are both strengthened and challenged by collaboration with principals and other education professionals at the school site. When teachers challenge the views of librarians, they the latter have to re-think and re-negotiate normative positions. Hence, norm critical thinking is not only taught but also practiced in the everyday work in school libraries. This article argues that these norm critical perspectives and the librarians’ practices represent important contributions to the democratic assignment of Swedish schools.

Transformation of University Library Activities in the Conditions of Modern Challenges

Objective. The article analyzes the activity of the university library under conditions of transformational changes caused by the unification of the book collections of 4 higher education institutions, while solving the problems of activity in the conditions of Russia’s war against Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted by reviewing publications related to the practical use of remote forms of work of modern university libraries, summarizing the experience of the Scientific Library of the State Biotechnology University (SL SBTU) in the organization of work under conditions of activity restructuring in wartime. Results. Reviewing publications and studying the experience allowed us to find the best ways and lead changes, as well as to address the challenges of reorganization in the conditions of online activity. The approaches and methods presented in this study are based on the author’s personal experience as a university library manager, as well as on the experience of library managers around the world. During the research, the author determined that the main response of the Scientific Library of SBTU to the challenges of time is theoretical justification, practical testing, mobility and timeliness of the tasks of information support of scientific and educational processes in the conditions of remote work. Conclusions. Originality of the work consists in expanding ideas about the possibilities of using remote work forms in the activities of the university library, which is an important factor for evaluating the effectiveness of its management activities. Practical value. The obtained results can be used to improve the management of university libraries in the conditions of transformational changes.

Reorienting Library Space and Services of Book Depositories under the Conditions of Martial Law in Ukraine: The Case of the Largest Libraries of Zakarpattia

Objective. The research aims to explore the practical experience of the activity transformation of Ukrainian libraries during the military invasion of the russian federation on the territory of Ukraine. Methods. The analysis of world publications allowed: to attempt identifying the specific methods of library work during extreme events; to conduct an analysis of the services of educational and public libraries; to prove the effectiveness of psychological and moral library support to the population; and to identify its most effective forms. Results. The substantiation of the obtained results is based on the characteristics of the library of the Uzhhorod National University and the Transcarpathian Regional Universal Scientific Library named after F. Potushniak, aimed at supporting victims of war. The most active methods of library work during the first months of the war between russia and Ukraine were revealed. Analysis of the provision of library services confirms the importance of book depositories as an important centre for uniting people for mutual support. The paper outlines practical recommendations regarding the active participation of libraries in the lives of people forced to flee from places of active hostilities. There is a burst of creative library changes associated with the reorientation of the library space and services according to the social challenge posed by russia's military aggression. Conclusions. The ability of the largest library institutions in Zakarpattia to provide moral support to people affected by the war has been revealed. The role of library support as an important factor in practical assistance to people has been confirmed.

GENESIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARIES IN UKRAINE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: HISTORICAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS OF THEIR ACTIVITY

In the twentieth century Ukrainian libraries were an important link in the chain of development of the Ukrainian state. The short period of the Ukrainian National Republic's existence (1917–1921) showed that libraries were aimed at solving extremely important and urgent tasks of national youth education.Ideological changes took place in the nature, purpose, content, and organization of libraries' cultural and educational work.The purpose of the article is to study the genesis of the development of libraries in Ukraine in the 20th century, to determine the influence of historical and socio-political factors on their activities. The scientific novelty of the proposed work is changing of approaches to the assessment of library activity as a tool of ideological influence on the education of youth and the population of Ukraine in the 20th century as a whole.The library, as a cultural institution, has gone through a difficult path, in which the forms, methods, directions, and functions of its activity have changed due to the relevant social need. As an important component of the social system, the library reflected society's desire to realize its requests and value orientations.The activities of the libraries were aimed at: first, to get acquainted with Ukrainian writers and scientists; secondly, to study the history of the native region, village, city; thirdly, on the development of creative abilities of young people.As you know, the work of libraries was strictly regulated, coordinated by party organizations, subordinated to the national interests of the contemporary society, aimed at solving the tasks of building socialism, communism according to the prevailing ideology of Marxism-Leninism.After the end of the Second World War, one of the main tasks was: first, to analyze the condition of existing collections; second, to determine the ownership of libraries; third, to organize the assessment of losses; and fourth, to record destroyed or damaged library premises.An analysis of the activities of libraries in the 50s and 60s of the twentieth century shows that special attention was paid to the mass-political work of libraries. Excessive attention, in our opinion, was paid to the creation of the thematic bibliographic apparatus, which contributed to the wide coverage of readers in getting acquainted with Marxist-Leninist literature.During the years of development of the Ukrainian state, library workers made a significant contribution to the revival of Ukrainian culture, history, and traditions, the forms of work with visitors to popularize cultural values diversified.Therefore, the study of the genesis of the development of libraries in Ukraine in the 20th century at various stages of the cultural and historical development of society proves that their activity was greatly influenced by historical and socio-political factors, under the influence of which their social role and social purpose changed. The analysis of historical processes taking place in Ukraine shows that they had a direct impact on the nature, directions, forms and methods of library work. The declaration of Ukraine's independence in 1991, the democratization of public life dramatically changed the social role of libraries as cultural institutions, contributed to the restructuring of the forms and methods of their activity, the transition to new conditions for providing services to the population.At all stages of its activity, the library is an important body that accumulates various types and forms of knowledge dissemination, provides a unifying function of information about education, culture, upbringing, art, ensuring the interaction of pedagogical, educational, cultural and self-educational activities of each individual.Thus, the phenomenon of the library as an institution is that during the twentieth century, depending on historical and socio-political factors, it went through several periods of development, changing its status, directions, forms, methods of work, content and principles of activity, social role, and performs an important mission in the revival of Ukrainian culture, development of education and science.This study does not cover all aspects of the identified problem and requires further research into the genesis of the development of libraries and their educational activities.

ARTISTIC REPORT IN THE STRUCTURE OF «FICTION ON A SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND» BY DOKIA GUMENNA: FROM ORIGIN TO IMPLEMENTATION

The article examines the specifics of Dokia Humenna’s reporting integration of scientific material collected by archaeologists at different times in the lands of Ukraine into the artistic structure of her «fiction on a scientific background». Attention is drawn to the writer’s reading preferences, first literary attempts, work as a reporter, ethnographer, participation in archaeological expeditions, extensive preparatory work in libraries, which are the basis of her science fiction works on historical topics. The author’s definitions of genre belonging to the works and the analysis of their scientific reception are analyzed. It was concluded that the essayistic reporting component of the works on the historical past is significant due to the subjectivity of the interpretation of known phenomena of the past, the inconsistency of the presentation, the arbitrariness of the flow of speech, the open «non-linearity», and it was concluded that the author achieved her goal – to cause a resonance among scientists who began to check artistic works on scientific credibility, thereby attracting the interest of a wide range of readers. It is proposed to consider her essays, fairy tales, novels, novels, printed in the second half of the 20th century, as a kind of artistic reports from the «production sites» of archaeologists, historians’ offices, and historical museums. It is proven that the writer was able to integrate scientific works on archeology and history of Ukraine, in accordance with her creative plan, into the text to cover the events of the 1930s in Ukraine. For the first time, we brought up the question of the reportage of Dokia Gumenna’s prose and proposed to study her work from such a point of view, especially when studying the topic of «reportage».

EDUCATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE (1990-yy.)

At the end of the article, a retrospective analysis of the educational and educational activities of public libraries of Ukraine in the 1990s of the 20th century was carried out against the background of problems and values, development and priorities of the society at that time. Changes in library legislation, types and types of libraries, content and structure of their activities, processes of creation of a number of national libraries, development in the last decade of the 20th century were studied. modern library system of Ukraine, initiation of active formation of electronic libraries and resources. As part of the contemporary reform of the country's socio-political life, the peculiarities of stimulating readers' interest in national culture and socio-political life, the initiation of publication of textbooks and study guides on librarianship, the integration of traditional library technologies with the creation of new information models of social development, the use of Internet technologies in librarianship. An analysis of the main directions of research into the history of librarianship and libraries in the context of the socio-cultural development of Ukraine in the 20th century was carried out, including the study of the history of public libraries of various cultural centers, societies, and educational institutions. Among the forms of organization of educational and educational activities of public libraries at the turn of the 2000y., the following are highlighted: art exhibitions, literary salons, book presentations, readers' conferences. The methods of educational and educational activities of public libraries in the 1990s include: library debates, use of library posters, reading aloud, literary quizzes, role-playing and intellectual games, trials with elements of theatralization of literary works, book discussions, family reading, etc. It is proved that in the development of educational and educational activities of public libraries of Ukraine at the end of the 20th century, the main characteristics were, on the one hand, a fundamental transformational restructuring of library work based on the revival of national ideas of enlightenment and education in independent Ukraine, and, on the other hand, stagnation of library work in this historical a period caused by the economic crisis in the country, rising prices and inflation.

Informational Resources Transformation of Ukrainian Public Libraries Current Conditions

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the transformation of information resources of public libraries of Ukraine in modern conditions.
 The methodological basis of the article was based on systemic, information-service and modernist approaches and the application of the principles of objectivity and comprehensiveness of knowledge. The organic combination of structural-functional analysis, synthesis, and cognitive methods made it possible to successfully realize the set goal.
 The scientific novelty consists in considering the main aspects of the formation of electronic information resources against the background of the aggression of the Russian Federation against the sovereign state of Ukraine, starting in 2014, arguing that public libraries actively participated in the information processes of creating a regional source base on events that take place in modern history of our state. The existing ones are analyzed and the author's understanding of the term "electronic library and information resources" is proposed.
 Conclusions. Digitization stimulates the general trend of transformation of public libraries of Ukraine into hubs for comprehensive processing of all types of information on all media. The use of new media in library practice contributes to the production of relevant electronic information resources, which marks the third stage of the use of information and communication technologies in the work of libraries. The public libraries of Ukraine currently have the following types of electronic information resources: a) electronic catalogs; b) full-text databases; c) electronic collections of text analogues of printed publications; d) collections of digitized publications; e) electronic documents that do not have printed counterparts; f) electronic publications of audio and video information; g) multimedia products. Electronic information resources enrich the assortment and include the following audiovisual products: audio recordings, films, videos, slides, presentations, etc., including exhibitions and tours of the library, advertising of new arrivals, online meetings with famous people or solutions to current community issues, etc. Own accounts in social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram), messengers (WhatsApp, Telegram, Viber), video hosting (YouTube), on the one hand, have a significant potential for popularizing the library, on the other hand, are a platform for approving the demand for created electronic information resources.

Analisis penataan arsip dinamis berbasis digital di Perpustakaan Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

This study aims to determine the management of dynamic archives carried out digitally by the UIN Syeh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Library work unit. This study uses a qualitative descriptive with an interactive model. Data analysis starts from data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Research informants are employees of dynamic archive management at the UIN Syeh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Library work unit who were selected by snowball sampling technique. The findings of this study explain that the process of organizing digital-based archives is still in the planning and testing stages. In the arrangement of digital archives, there are three stages, namely filing, borrowing, and destroying archives. Although the UIN Syeh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Library work unit has tested digital-based arrangements, the archive creation process still uses a manual system. Next is the archive borrowing stage, if there are borrowers from outside parties, they must fill out the digital archive system menu. This is so that the status of the archive can be known easily whether the archive is available or still borrowed. The third stage is archive destruction. The UIN Syeh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Library work unit has carried out the destruction according to the archive retention schedule that has been determined. Thus, the development of digital-based archive arrangement is needed by the work unit so that the archive arrangement process can be more effective and efficient in providing services to the academic community, especially at this time.

Role of Libraries in Ensuring Information Security

The purpose of the article is to analyse the forms, methods, and means of library work for resistance in the information war. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of cognition, in particular, selection, analysis, synthesis, and systematisation of materials. The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive study of professional strategies and methods of successful confrontation in the information war in libraries. Unreliable information is currently used as a weapon in political confrontation – information wars at the level of states and among political parties, as well as unfair rivalry – in the economy. Having received false and distorted information, one can make incorrect conclusions, which in the future lead to wrong actions or expose them to danger. That is why information security is so important for every person, and media literacy skills will help to filter information and use it rationally. Conclusions. The article analyses the concept of "information war"; technologies for preventing the spread of false information are described; information on improving media literacy of the population, in particular, and library workers is provided. The issue of restoring Ukrainian culture, ensuring information security on the territory of the state should be taken into account by the management of libraries, and the institution should provide maximum guarantees to preserve the basic network of libraries and their maximum activity in every part of the country. It should be emphasised that in the modern information-active environment, libraries are indeed one of the key elements of the information infrastructure of social activity, as a rule, based on the most effective use of modern electronic technologies. Therefore, their work consists in supporting the effective dissemination of information in the most popular mass media. Key words: information war, media literacy, technology, fake, disinformation, credibility.

How ethnic studies faculty use streaming video: Instructional needs, applications, and challenges

While there have been studies on faculty use of streaming video resources in academic libraries, none have focused on the specific needs of ethnic studies faculty. Using a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 13 ethnic studies faculty from two public university campuses, this study found that faculty engagement with video is based upon a pedagogical strategy that responds to the specific demands and goals of ethnic studies curricula, while centering on student needs by using free resources whenever possible. Within this paradigm, faculty choose from three categories of content: key primary and secondary sources; flexible supporting sources; and current topics of interest. Understanding what motivates ethnic study faculty could be helpful as librarians work with vendors and advocate for the content that best meets instructional needs. Librarians can also help improve faculty's instructional outcomes by communicating about licensing options and streaming media availability through the library.

Levko Bykovskyi’s Training Concept of Library Specialists

Problem statement. Modern Ukrainian society is changing as a result of irreversible demographic, intellectual and cultural losses. The tasks of reconstruction and development of the country cause new challenges for the educational, scientific and industrial sectors. Resistance to Russian expansion requires innovations in information activities too. The transformation of the public role of library institutions is observed. There is a need to transform libraries into modern socio-cultural institutions that fully meet today’s requirements of a society. The key to successful changes in the library industry is the improvement of its staffing and effective innovative management. This, in turn, requires a thorough analysis of the national and global experience of librarians.
 The purpose of the research is to study the curricula on book studies, bibliography and librarianship, which were used in Librarianship higher course for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library.
 The methodology of this study is based on a complex approach, that combines both general scientific and problem-specific methods. Among them there are methods of systematization, data processing, terminological analysis, generalization, as well as logical, descriptive, historical-genetic, and retrospective ones.
 The results. The curricula on book studies, bibliography and librarianship, used in Librarianship higher course for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library, are concluded according to a single principle. Each course contains a curriculum and a thorough list of literary sources, as well as methodological recommendations on the scientific organization of work, ergonomics, etc. The curricula are divided into content modules and thematic blocks. The authors assume that mastering the proposed curricula was a sufficient basis for the successful professional implementation of the course graduate.
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive study of the dynamics of the library field development and the librarians training experience with the aim of borrowing the best elements of it into the modern educational process and abandoning unsuccessful methods.
 The practical significance lies in the attempt to focus attention on the training curricula for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library, developed by scientists of the Ukrainian diaspora, who in the period of the 20-30s of the XX century were the leaders of the library industry, since in the Soviet Union bibliography, like a number of similar educational courses, were in decline.
 Conclusions. The analyzed brochure, despite its small volume, is quite informative. Its author emphasizes the need to write a textbook on library science and at the same time points out its practical significance for the scientific studies of graduate students, the effective work of librarians and their managers. In addition to the idea of librarians at that time, the brochure indirectly gives us information about the life and activities of Ukrainians in emigration, as well as the level of development of the centers of Ukrainianism, in particular in the city of Kalisz, illustrates the relations between the scientific communities of the Ukrainian diaspora and post-Soviet Ukraine. Any scientific papers containing extensive bibliographic lists serve as reference points for scientific research activities since, unfortunately, library funds suffer irreversible losses after the horrors of war.

Educational and Professional Program “Media Communications and Digital Production”: Conceptual Approaches to the Training of Specialists in the Specialty of “Information, Library and Archive Affairs”

The problem statement. One of the main concepts of the development of the specialty “Information, Library and Archive Affairs” is interdisciplinary educational and professional programs that meet social requirements and are relevant for the field of document and information activities.
 The purpose of the research is to substantiate the initial provisions, main categories and concepts of the educational and professional program “Media Communications and Digital Production” in the specialty “Information, Library and Archive Affairs”.
 The methodology. The methodology of the article is based on the application of the principles of systematicity and objectivity of scientific knowledge. Institutional and socio-communication approaches were used. The application of methods of comparative and logical analysis, generalization and synthesis made it possible to successfully realize the set goal.
 The results. The initial provisions on which the proposed specialization is based are represented, as well as the main categories and concepts that describe it, in their connection with the activity profile of the future specialist with education within the “Information, Library and Archive Affairs” specialty, which is the basis for further definition of basic laws and principles of implementation of the educational process.
 The scientific novelty. The content of the concepts of “media communication” and “digital production” as components of activity in the library and information field is substantiated. The main starting points for the relevance and development of the educational program “Media Communications and Digital Production” are defined as: digitalization of library work; development of the media environment of the modern library; a wide range of library digital products and digital services in the web environment.
 Conclusions. It has been proven that the main concepts in the name of the educational program — “media communications” and “digital production” are interconnected and mutually consistent in the structure of the goals and content of the process of training specialists in the specialty “Information, Library and Archive Affairs” and determine regularities of its construction: the goal of training specialists corresponds to the current state and trends of digitization of information, library and archival affairs, development of digital production in the document and information field of activity; the content of the training of specialists, its complex and interdisciplinary nature, due to the convergence of modern types of professional library and information activities, is connected with the development of media communications in the activities of modern libraries, the active production of digital content and the development of digital production of information products and services.

"Just The Way We've Always Done It"

In March and April of 2021, my co-investigators and I conducted semi-structured interviews with academic librarians across Canada about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included their thoughts about going “back to normal.” Most participants were resistant to returning to the “old normal” without myriad changes inspired by the COVID-necessitated adaptations. However, there were concerns raised about whether or not their ideas would be implemented or even heard by their administrations. Additionally, many participants felt caught between proving their value through productive (and measurable) labour and the care-work that felt necessary and pressing but was not externally validated. This paper highlights the need for refocusing on building library collegial governance structures that include all library workers. As well, there is indication that the COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to do so, as, removed from the “sacred space” (Ettarh 2018) of the library building, participants showed resistance to the austerity narratives typically invoked during a crisis. Embodying our values starts with establishing and building on shared library governance structures. If the changes inspired by COVID are to come to pass, then our vision of care and relationship-building must be inclusive to our own workers, to harness our collective power to build a future that works for everyone.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A LIBRARIAN OF MONASTIC BOOK COLLECTIONS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE: CHARACTERISTICS, FUNCTIONS, FEATURES

In the proposed article by Viktor Sokolov «Professional activities of a librarian in medieval Europe’s monastic libraries: characteristics, functions, peculiarities» the information concerning the activities of a librarian in Western European monastic libraries in the middle ages is analyzed and summarized. The relevance of this study is due to the need to study the specifics and development of the functional duties of monastic librarians, which have not been studied before, against the background of the formation and evolution of monastic libraries in the Early middle ages. The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize the features of the activities of librarians of monastic libraries in medieval Europe (mainly Western). The methodology of this scientific work consists in the application of both general scientific research methods (description, comparison, analogy, deduction, induction, analysis, etc.) and historical (historical-comparative, historical-typological, chronological, etc.) methods. Methods of terminological analysis, analysis of dictionary definitions, etymological and word-formation analysis, bibliographic and other research methods were also used. The article explores the main areas and areas of activity of a librarian in Western European monastic libraries, as well as some features of the development of book and library business in monasteries through the prism of the functional duties of a librarian. The content and significance of his professional activities in the dissemination of reading, education, development of book and library business are analyzed. The study made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the interpretation of the terms that determine the activities of the librarian of Western European monastic libraries in the middle ages, in particular, the term «armarius» in modern book science and library research. The main factors and features of the formation of the meaning of the term «armarius» in the process of becoming a professional activity of monastic librarians are revealed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in expanding the understanding of the professional activities of the librarian of Western European monastic libraries in the period, mainly, the early middle ages and revealing the significance of his activities in the development of not only book and library science, but also the spiritual culture of the middle ages as a whole. The study shows that monastic librarians played an important role in organizing systematic reading among monks – both individual (including for educational purposes, in the form of obedience) and collective – using the method of reading aloud to familiarize themselves with the content of certain (predominantly theological) books. The position is confirmed that for the monastic librarian, a wide education, erudition and knowledge of books was considered an indispensable feature of his professionalism. Performing professional tasks at the proper level required from the monastery librarian certain analytical abilities in working with text, knowledge of several foreign languages (including ancient ones), detailed content of religious books, the ability to describe books and compile catalogs, as well as perform various functions that require conscientiousness, accuracy, ingenuity, etc. The article shows that the monastic librarian had to organize the work of the library at the appropriate level and monitor the proper use of books by the monks, as well as monitor their reading needs. The librarian not only supervised the work of the monastery library, ensured the preservation of books and control over their proper use, but also actively engaged in book business through the management of the scriptorium, controlling all stages of book creation. Conclusions. The activity of the monastic clergy, including monastic librarians, spreading the Christian doctrine, thereby contributed to the spread of literacy and reading among a certain part of not only the monks, but also the population as a whole. Gradually, writing became an integral part of monastic life, where books and libraries occupied an important place. The decisive place in these processes was occupied by the librarians of the monastery libraries as the keepers of book collections and bearers of the spiritual and educational mission, book culture among the clergy and laity.

Copyright Education and the Role of Library Associations: Current Practices and Needed Support

The International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA)’s 2018 “Statement on Copyright Education and Copyright Literacy” highlights the need for librarians to be copyright literate and for library associations to support copyright education for library professionals. Nonetheless, while the role of library associations in supporting copyright education is foregrounded, little research has investigated the copyright initiatives of library associations. This study addresses that gap, documenting the current copyright training activities of library associations and providing recommendations for how IFLA might address copyright education needs of library workers. The research for this study took place in two phases, beginning with case studies of six library associations, followed by a multinational survey, with respondents representing 28 library associations from 25 countries. This study reveals that associations struggle to provide the full extent of copyright education resources they would like to due to a lack of funding and lack of copyright expertise among other issues. Based on survey responses, IFLA has an opportunity to directly address a global need in the library association community and overcome the barriers to developing and delivering copyright education, beginning by providing a website with basic copyright information and resources, providing training for association members on how to develop and deliver their own copyright education training, or providing guidelines on a copyright education curriculum.

Digital transformation of the university library in the context of information abundance

Problem and goal. In the context of digital transformation of education, the importance of digital library formation is justified, taking into account the training areas, research topics and other requests of all target groups of the educational institution. Active use by students and teachers of Internet sources raises the problem of popularization and disclosure of electronic collections, organization of problem-free access to valuable, reliable information from legitimate sources. Implementation of the practice of constant use of verified content by students, teachers, scientists has become the main task of the library. In this regard, the principles and methods used in the scientific library of the university for the collection and dissemination of information, organization of events, implementation of academic standards and new forms of work for the use of information resources in the educational process and research activities are studied. Methodology. As a generalization and systematization of the accumulated practical experience of working with electronic information, the stages of formation of a classical university digital library, methods of statistical analysis to evaluate the use of collections, forms of content promotion and work with target user groups are described. Results. The author analyzes the experience of the project on the formation and promotion of the university digital library, accumulates data on the effectiveness of content use, promotional mechanisms, achieved results for use in the work of libraries in the field of education. Proved the necessity of formation of university digital library using cluster approach - universal, specialized and profile resources, regarding peculiarities of promotion in different target groups of university, importance of analytical work on content use for optimization of subscriptions and elimination of information gaps, obligatory introduction of information culture and activation of digital educational resources use in the context of professional activity of the teacher. Conclusion. Using theoretical and practical data, statistical analysis and various aspects of both Russian and foreign experience of digital transformation of the university libraries in the conditions of information abundance, the stages of modification of the library collections, communication channels, and the results in a particular library were considered and analyzed.

Library Services to Multicultural Populations through the Lens of History: A Literature Review

In today's increasingly globalized and interconnected world, libraries play a critical role in the integration of their culturally and ethnically diverse service populations into the mainstream of American society. This literature review traces the historical development of culturally responsive library service from its earliest format, readers advisory, to contemporary forms of library support available to multicultural communities. Current policy response to specific issues involved in library work with multicultural constituencies is also examined, along with the contributions of such work to the ongoing interdisciplinary global citizenship discourse.

The Role of Remote Work and Telework in Libraries Moving Forward

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic forced many employers, including libraries, to rapidly shift to full-time remote work and teleworking arrangements without a significant amount of planning. While the abrupt shift to remote work and teleworking was not ideal, many organizations were successful in keeping some or all of their core operations and services available. Many believe that there are significant benefits to remote work and telework that more than offset the drawbacks. As the world slowly returns to a state of affairs that more closely resembles pre-COVID-19 pandemic times, many people involved in all types of organizations are asking what the future will be for remote work and telework. Some are predicting that significant amounts of remote work and telework are here to say, while others think it will slowly return to the way it was over the course of time. It is too early to know what will happen in libraries and more research is needed to understand the impact of remote work and liberal telework policies on libraries.

Book Review: Compact Copyright: Quick Answers to Common Questions

Anyone working in libraries, museums, or other similar organizations has more than likely encountered a scenario involving copyright. Knowing how to deal with these situations when they occur is key in today’s library landscape of electronic resources, emergency access to copyrighted materials, and online teaching and learning. This new publication provides a basic introduction to copyright in the United States to help address these questions.

Are library staff autonomous? The influence of routines and the development of workarounds

As knowledge workers, library staff are assumed to be highly autonomous, meaning that they are in control of how work is done. Yet, this work is heavily influenced by the expectations of others, and the expectation to take control can pressure staff to overwork. In this qualitative study, 13 public library staff members engaged in think-alouds (TAs) and semi-structured interviews (SSIs) aimed at uncovering potential misalignments between a staff member’s own prescriptive expectations for library work and the expectations of management, customers, colleagues, and technological and material artifacts. Findings suggest that public library staff have several expectations for how work will be done and, at times, want the freedom to control work in ways that match these expectations. They devise and implement defiance workarounds aimed at reinforcing their own expectations in the face of conflicting expectations from other system actors. Yet, autonomy is a multifaceted concept that goes beyond the mere need for control and, sometimes, giving up control meant that other needs were fulfilled. This study advances research on the nature of workplace autonomy and the active role of workers in its expression. This study also has implications for library management, as it suggests important considerations for shared autonomy and workplace relationships, as well as the need to engage in efforts aimed at shifting problematic expectations in the library work system.