Library Planning Research Articles

Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lankan University Libraries: Before COVID-19

ABSTRACT This study explores the necessity of developing disaster risk reduction plans and increasing the level of preparedness for disasters for academic libraries in Sri Lanka. It examines some of the different types of disasters; natural, man-made, and hybrid, which can occur in university libraries. Informants were the librarians of all 15 Sri Lankan state universities. The methodology is mixed-method with data gathered through questionnaires and interviews. In this study, the researcher considered the likelihood of occurrence of various types of disaster and their potential impact on university libraries. The results reveal that fire is the most expected disaster. Results highlight the importance of disaster risk reduction plans for university libraries and emphasise that every library should adopt a plan to safeguard its legacy. This study was conducted in 2019, thus infectious diseases were identified as an ‘unlikely to occur’ disaster category. However, events of 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic, indicate a need for librarians to also rethink providing continuous library services during disasters such as pandemics.

공공도서관의 실내공간 색채 특성에 관한 연구 - 서울시 공공도서관 현장 측색 조사를 중심으로 -

In order to provide an environment that enhances the psychological support of users, it is required to introduce an appropriate space-specific color environment as a visual medium according to the newly changed functions of each space in public libraries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the color characteristics and status of the interior space of the public library under investigation in Seoul and analyze differences from prior research theory to secure the basic data to need for color planning of public libraries. The color measurement range is a general data reading room representing educational functions, a children reading room, a multimedia room representing information functions, and a cultural classroom representing cultural functions. It was limited to three areas: floors, walls and furniture, with the exception of the ceiling, which had less visual impact. Based on the area ratio of each area, 1 main color, and 1 secondary color, and accent color were set and extracted, and in the case of furniture, colorimetric colors were measured focusing on the bookshelf, desk, chair, and information desk. As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that the overall color composition is monotonous except for the children

Error-Tolerant Anytime Approach to Plan Recognition Using a Particle Filter

Classical plan recognition approaches require restrictive assumptions and are generally off-line. However, many real-world plan recognition applications must deal with real-time constraints, noisy information, temporal relations in actions, agent preferences, and so on. Many existing approaches have tried to relax assumptions, but none can deal with the above-cited needs. This paper proposes an extension of previous works on plan recognition based on plan tree grammar. Our anytime topdown approach uses a particle filter. This approach manages to give a quick reliable solution to the plan recognition problem while dealing with noisy observations and without reducing the expressiveness of plan libraries. Empirical results on simulated problems show the efficiency of our approach.

A Web-based Dose-volume Histogram Dashboard for Library-based Individualized Dose-constraints and Clinical Plan Evaluation.

Traditional methods of treatment planning and plan evaluation involve the use of generic dose-constraints. We aimed to build a web-based application to generate individualized dose-constraints and plan evaluation against a library of prior approved plan dose-volume histograms (DVH).A prototype was built for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for prostate cancer. Using exported DVH files from the Varian and Accuray treatment planning systems, a library of plan DVHs was built by data extraction. Given structure volumes of a patient to be planned, a web based application was built to derive individual dose-constraints of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OAR) based on achieved doses in a library of prior approved plans with similar anatomical volumes, selected using an interactive dashboard. A second web application was built to compare the achieved DVHs of the newly created plan against a library of plans of similar patients.These web application prototypes are a proof of principle that simple freely available tools can be built for library based planning and review.

An artificial intelligence-driven agent for real-time head-and-neck IMRT plan generation using conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN).

To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) agent for fully automated rapid head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan generation without time-consuming dose-volume-based inverse planning. This AI agent was trained via implementing a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) architecture. The generator, PyraNet, is a novel deep learning network that implements 28 classic ResNet blocks in pyramid-like concatenations. The discriminator is a customized four-layer DenseNet. The AI agent first generates multiple customized two-dimensional projections at nine template beam angles from a patient's three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) volume and structures. These projections are then stacked as four-dimensional inputs of PyraNet, from which nine radiation fluence maps of the corresponding template beam angles are generated simultaneously. Finally, the predicted fluence maps are automatically postprocessed by Gaussian deconvolution operations and imported into a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) for plan integrity check and visualization. The AI agent was built and tested upon 231 oropharyngeal IMRT plans from a TPS plan library. 200/16/15 plans were assigned for training/validation/testing, respectively. Only the primary plans in the sequential boost regime were studied. All plans were normalized to 44Gy prescription (2Gy/fx). A customized Harr wavelet loss was adopted for fluence map comparison during the training of the PyraNet. For test cases, isodose distributions in AI plans and TPS plans were qualitatively evaluated for overall dose distributions. Key dosimetric metrics were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a significance level of 0.05. All 15 AI plans were successfully generated. Isodose gradients outside of PTV in AI plans were comparable to those of the TPS plans. After PTV coverage normalization, Dmean of left parotid (DAI =23.1±2.4Gy; DTPS =23.1±2.0Gy), right parotid (DAI =23.8±3.0Gy; DTPS =23.9±2.3Gy), and oral cavity (DAI =24.7±6.0Gy; DTPS =23.9±4.3Gy) in the AI plans and the TPS plans were comparable without statistical significance. AI plans achieved comparable results for maximum dose at 0.01cc of brainstem (DAI =15.0±2.1Gy; DTPS =15.5±2.7Gy) and cord+5mm (DAI =27.5±2.3Gy; DTPS =25.8±1.9Gy) without clinically relevant differences, but body Dmax results (DAI =121.1±3.9Gy; DTPS =109.0±0.9Gy) were higher than the TPS plan results. The AI agent needed ~3s for predicting fluence maps of an IMRT plan. With rapid and fully automated execution, the developed AI agent can generate complex head-and-neck IMRT plans with acceptable dosimetry quality. This approach holds great potential for clinical applications in preplanning decision-making and real-time planning.

Development and clinical validation of Knowledge-based planning for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy of cervical cancer including pelvic and para aortic fields.

Knowledge-based planning (KBP) is based on a model to estimate dose-volume histograms, configured using a library of historical treatment plans to efficiently create high quality plans. The aim was to report configuration and validation of KBP for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy of cervical cancer. A KBP model was configured from the institutional database (n=125), including lymph node positive (n=60) and negative (n=65) patients. KBP Predicted plans were compared with Clinical Plans (CP) and Re-plans (Predicted plan as a base-plan) to validate the model. Model quality was quantified using coefficient of determination R2, mean square error (MSE), standard two-tailed paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Estimation capability of the model was good for the bowel bag (MSE=0.001, R2=0.84), modest for the bladder (MSE=0.008) and poor for the rectum (MSE=0.02 R2=0.78). KBP resulted in comparable target coverage, superior organ sparing as compared to CP. Re-plans outperformed CP for the bladder, V30 (66±11% vs 74±11%, p<.001), V40 (48±14% vs 52±14%, p<.001), however sparing was modest for the bowel bag V30 (413±191cm3 vs 445±208cm3, p=.037) V40 (199±105cm3 vs 218±127cm3, p=.031). All plans were comparable for rectum, while KBP resulted in significant sparing for spinal cord, kidneys and femoral heads. KBP yielded comparable and for some organs superior performance compared to CP resulting in conformal and homogeneous target coverage. Improved organ sparing was observed when individual patient geometry was considered.

Path Planning for Manipulation Using Experience-Driven Random Trees

Robotic systems may frequently come across similar manipulation planning problems that result in similar motion plans. Instead of planning each problem from scratch, it is preferable to leverage previously computed motion plans, i.e., experiences, to ease the planning. Different approaches have been proposed to exploit prior information on novel task instances. These methods, however, rely on a vast repertoire of experiences and fail when none relates closely to the current problem. Thus, an open challenge is the ability to generalise prior experiences to task instances that do not necessarily resemble the prior. This work tackles the above challenge with the proposition that experiences are “decomposable” and “malleable,” i.e., parts of an experience are suitable to relevantly explore the connectivity of the robot-task space even in non-experienced regions. Two new planners result from this insight: experience-driven random trees (ERT) and its bi-directional version ERTConnect. These planners adopt a tree sampling-based strategy that incrementally extracts and modulates parts of a single path experience to compose a valid motion plan. We demonstrate our method on task instances that significantly differ from the prior experiences, and compare with related state-of-the-art experience-based planners. While their repairing strategies fail to generalise priors of tens of experiences, our planner, with a single experience, significantly outperforms them in both success rate and planning time. Our planners are implemented and freely available in the Open Motion Planning Library.

Implementation of Industrial 4.0 Library Based on Mobile using QR-Code

Libraries are an important element in the world of education so that libraries need to innovate by collaborating library services with technology. AR is the concept of combining virtual objects with real objects that are used to display interesting library service information so that it can improve library performance in providing information to people in need. The purpose of this study was to implement AR using QR-code to facilitate users in terms of college library collection services. In the development of multimedia research methodology, there are six stages, namely 1. concept 2. design 3. material collecting 4. assembly 5. testing 6. Distribution. These six stages can be carried out in an irregular manner, so that the stages of multimedia development can swap positions. But for this stage there is one stage that must be the first thing to do, namely the concept stage. The result obtained is the implementation of AR by using QR-code for library services such as library plans, bookshelves and book synopses in universities.

Library Management in Increasing Reading Interest of Female Santri Dayah of Muslimat Samalanga

This research is motivated by the management of library management, development of book collections, supporting and inhibiting factors as well as an increase in students' reading interest. This study aims to determine the role of libraries, namely librarian, collection, management management and increase the interest in reading fondness for Dayah Putri Muslimat Samalanga santri, Bireuen Aceh Regency. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the planning, procurement, use, inventory, deletion, inhibiting and supporting factors of libraries in Dayah Putri Muslimat Samalanga. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation study. The data analysis technique was carried out through descriptive interpretation, data validity testing, participation extension, and auditing. Library planning is carried out by musyarawah, organizing is carried out by selecting and mutually agreed upon, implementation is carried out in accordance with the plan and according to their respective duties and supervision is carried out every day such as supervision of circulation and cleaning services, tidiness and discipline. Collection development is carried out by deliberation and submissions from visitors, the supporting factor is the routine allocation of funds from the dayah for the development of the Dayah Putri Muslimat library and librarians who equate it, the inhibiting factor is that the available librarians are not graduates from their fields.

Pengelolaan Perpustakaan Digital Pada Perpustakaan SMA Negeri 4 Kendari

The purpose of this study is to determine the Management of Digital Libraries at SMAN 4 Kendari Library. Data analysis techniques used a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. The location of this research is at the SMAN 4 Kendari School Library located on Jln. Ahmad Yani No.13, Bende Sub-District, Kadia District, Kendari City / District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results of this study indicate that the Management of Digital Libraries at SMA Negeri 4 Kendari, namely the Planning of library at SMA Negeri 4 Kendari has been very well thought out, starting in the application of digital libraries, backgrounds to the preparation of work programs, with the existence of a digital library library head and all staff when This has completed the digital collection making it easier for users to find manuals to help teaching and learning activities and assist the learning process. collection management and facility management is adequate where users can utilize digital libraries in the SMA Negeri 4 Kendari library whenever needed. but the HR itself is not maximized where human resources are still lacking, especially librarians who have talent in the computer field. Suggestions for the library of SMA Negeri 4 Kendari namely: digital libraries are expected in the management of human resources to be more noticed especially adding librarians who have talent in the field of technology so that digital services become more advanced for the future.Keywords: Library, Library Management, Digital Library.

Quantifying and Assessing the Dosimetric Impact of Changing Gas Volumes Throughout the Course of VMAT Radiation Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors

PurposeThis retrospective patient study assessed the consistency of abdominal gas presence throughout radiation therapy for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer and determined the impact of variations in gas volume on the calculated dose distribution of volumetric modulated arc therapy. Methods and MaterialsEight patients with pancreatic cancer were included for analysis. A plan library consisting of 3 reference plans per patient (Ref0.0, Ref0.5, and Ref1.0) was created based on planning computed tomography (CT) with density overrides of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 applied to gas volumes, respectively. Corresponding cone beam CT (CBCT) data sets were obtained and density overrides were applied to enable fractional dose calculation. Variation in gas volume relative to initial volume determined from CT was assessed. Dose metrics for targets and organs at risk were compared between the accumulated CBCT dose and the planned dose of the 3 reference plans for each patient. ResultsThere was a significant decrease in gas present from CT to treatment CBCT, with a mean decrease in volume of 48.6% for the entire cohort. Dosimetrically, all accumulated target and organ-at-risk parameters, aside from the kidneys, exhibited the smallest mean deviation from the Ref0.0 plan and largest mean deviation from the Ref1.0 plan. A statistically significant difference in mean accumulated dose to Ref0.0 and Ref1.0 was observed for the dose delivered to 95% of the planning target volume. ConclusionsSignificant variation in gas volumes from CT to treatment can occur throughout volumetric modulated arc therapy for pancreatic cancer. Through the use of a plan library, it was determined that initial assessment of a patient’s treatment plan with an assigned gas density of 0.0 provided the most accurate prediction of the accumulated dose.

Résultats dosimétriques et cliniques d’une stratégie de radiothérapie adaptativede type “bibliothèque de plans” des cancers de la vessie localisés

PurposeTo account of individual intra-pelvic anatomical variations in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) irradiation, adaptive radiotherapy (ART) using a personalized plan library may have dosimetric and clinical benefits. Material and methodsThe data from ten patients treated for localized MIBC according to the “plan of the day” (P0oD) individualized ART technique were collected and retrospectively analysed. Target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) were delineated at different bladder fill rates, resulting in two or three treatment plans. Daily Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) was used for the selection of PoD at each fraction. Retrospectively, we delineated rectal, intestinal and target volumes on each CBCT, to assess target volume coverage and dose sparing to healthy tissues. A comparison with the conventional radiotherapy technique was performed. The secondary objectives were toxicity and efficacy. ResultsThe target coverage was respected with the adaptive treatment: 97.3% for the bladder Clinical Target Volume (CTV) (99.5; [60.1-100]) and 98% for the bladder+lymph nodes CTV (98.6; [85.4-100]). Concerning OAR, the volume of healthy tissue spared was 43.7% on average and the V45Gy for the small bowel was 43,4cc (35; [0–129]) (versus 57,6cc). The rectal D50 was on average 18,7Gy for the adaptive treatment (15.9; [2.4-44.1]) versus 17Gy with the conventional approach. With a median follow-up of 2.94 years (95% CI: [0.92-4.02]), we observed three grade 3 toxicities (30%). No grade 4 toxicity was observed. The 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 65.6% (95% CI: [26-87.6]) and 45.7% (95% CI: [14.3-73]), respectively. ConclusionThe ART technique using a PoD strategy showed a reduction of the irradiated healthy tissue volume while maintaining a similar bladder coverage, with an acceptable rate of toxicity.

Options for Accessing Online Electronic Resources in Difficult Fiscal Times

Accessing electronic books and electronic journals both on- and off-campus is no longer a perk, but rather an expectation of community members. Providing access off-campus is expensive and requires constant monitoring. Further, costs for electronic journals continue to increase and publisher pricing models and products have changed. A 2019 survey of hospital, corporate, and academic librarians showed that libraries plan to continue using the decision-making procedures and policies they created a decade ago. If existing policies and procedures in libraries are not revisited and updated to meet challenges presented by the Digital Age, options for accessing electronic information will diminish.

Direct Optimization across Computer-Generated Reaction Networks Balances Materials Use and Feasibility of Synthesis Plans for Molecule Libraries

The synthesis of thousands of candidate compounds in drug discovery and development offers opportunities for computer-aided synthesis planning to simplify the synthesis of molecule libraries by leveraging common starting materials and reaction conditions. We develop an optimization-based method to analyze large organic chemical reaction networks and design overlapping synthesis plans for entire molecule libraries so as to minimize the overall number of unique chemical compounds needed as either starting materials or reaction conditions. We consider multiple objectives, including the number of starting materials, the number of catalysts/solvents/reagents, and the likelihood of success of the overall syntheses plan, to select an optimal reaction network to access the target molecules. The library synthesis planning task was formulated as a network flow optimization problem, and we design an efficient decomposition scheme that reduces solution time by a factor of 5 and scales to instance with 48 target molecules and nearly 8000 intermediate reactions within hours. In four case studies of pharmaceutical compounds, the approach reduces the number of starting materials and catalysts/solvents/reagents needed by 32.2 and 66.0% on average and up to 63.2 and 80.0% in the best cases. The code implementation can be found at https://github.com/Coughy1991/Molecule_library_synthesis.

Planning and Assessing Patron Experience and Needs for an Academic Library Website

This article describes a research study performed at Northeastern State University during the spring semester of 2020. The authors detail the initial phase of a website redesign process informed by responses gathered from an online survey of website design and functionality. Results from the patron experience survey were used to gauge respondents' level of satisfaction with the library website, as well as to inform potential redesign strategies. Data will be used to plan and assess the next phase of the university’s website design project. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for implementing and “going live” with a new library website. The methods presented are within the context of library planning and assessment, and may serve to inform future migration efforts for web design in an academic library setting.

PO-1656: Plan library to manage daily motion in locally advanced cervical cancer

PO-1656: Plan library to manage daily motion in locally advanced cervical cancer

Developing a Radiation Oncology Treatment Plan Library (ROTPL) for Head and Neck Stereotactic Radiation Therapy

Head and neck cancer patients with local recurrence are often challenging to treat because of the elaborate anatomic locations, the invasive nature of the locally recurrent tumors and higher risk of retreatment toxicity. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR-HN) is an effective treatment for patients with locally recurrent or second primary tumors when surgery may not be an optimal treatment. Currently there is no standardized approach or guideline to evaluate or optimize target delineation, dose prescription and radiation treatment plan quality for SABR-HN. In this project, we aim to develop a radiation oncology treatment plan library (ROTPL) for SABR-HN in an effort to develop the best practice in our institution. A relational database was designed using Microsoft Access, allowing the connection of patient information, diagnosis, radiation treatment plan details (contours, prescriptions, beams, DVHs and dose volume) and clinical outcomes through patient identifiers. A search interface was developed using a computer algorithm in order to retrieve SABR-HN plans based on treatment sites. The current iteration includes 9 unique treatment categories: (1) anterior skull base, (2) lateral skull base, (3) posterior skull base), (4) nasopharynx, (5) oropharynx, (6) larynx, (7) parotid, (8) neck, and (9) retropharyngeal nodes. An advanced search tool was developed to incorporate additional patient information, radiation technique, dose prescription, and planning parameters. Treatment plan details were export from treatment planning systems and were imported into the database using DICOM RT protocol. The interface integrates Slicer, an open source program, for contour and dosimetry review. Statistics of target and organs-at-risk can be calculated for any chosen category to identify and create a reference template of high-quality plans with optimized target coverage and normal tissue sparing. The ROTPL was evaluated and tested by the SABR-HN physicians and physicists to search patient plans. A total of 75 representative treatment plans were imported in ROTPL for the 9 categories. Standardized plans for each category will be evaluated and selected to serve as the reference plans. The ROTPL provides physicians the information necessary to generate dose constraints in their planning order based on the treatment category. It also provides the dosimetrist/planner a better understanding of the achievable clinical goals and thus can improve communication and clinical workflow efficiency. The ROTPL is a great tool for education and training, and can serve as a reference for SABR-HN treatment planning as well as an electronic handbook for radiation therapy professionals. With representative plans collected, this library can support standardized treatment planning to improve planning quality and efficiency and facilitate effective communication between the physicians and planners. Clinical validation and optimization of this resource is ongoing.

Motion Planning for Dual-Arm Manipulation of Elastic Rods

We present a novel motion planning strategy for the manipulation of elastic rods with two robotic arms. In previous work, it has been shown that the free configuration space of an elastic rod, i.e., the set of equilibrium shapes of the rod, is a smooth manifold of a finite dimension that can be parameterized by one chart. Thus, a sampling-based planning algorithm is straightforward to implement in the product space of the joint angles and the equilibrium configuration space of the elastic rod. Preliminary results show that planning directly in this product space is feasible. However, solving for the elastic rod's shape requires the numerical solution of differential equations, resulting in an excessive and impractical runtime. Hence, we propose to pre-compute a descriptor of the rod, i.e., a roadmap in the free configuration space of the rod that captures its main-connectivity. By doing so, we can plan the motion of any dual-arm robotic system over this roadmap with dramatically fewer solutions of the differential equations. Experiments using the Open Motion Planning Library (OMPL) show significant runtime reduction by an order of magnitude.

図書館計画づくり，運営における市民協働の現状と今後の展望： 事例を中心にして（特集・2019年度研究グループ報告）

図書館計画づくり，運営における市民協働の現状と今後の展望： 事例を中心にして（特集・2019年度研究グループ報告）

Characterization of knowledge-based volumetric modulated arc therapy plans created by three different institutions' models for prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was to clarify factors predicting the performance of knowledge-based planning (KBP) models in volume modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer in terms of sparing the organ at risk (OAR). In three institutions, each KBP model was trained by more than 20 library plans (LP) per model. To validate the characterization of each KBP model, 45 validation plans (VP) were calculated by the KBP system. The ratios of overlap between the OAR volume and the planning target volume (PTV) to the whole organ volume (Voverlap/Vwhole) were analyzed for each LP and VP. Regression lines between dose-volume parameters (V90, V75, and V50) and Voverlap/Vwhole were evaluated. The mean OAR dose, V90, V75, and V50 of LP did not necessarily match those of VP. In both the rectum and bladder, the dose-volume parameters for VP were strongly correlated with Voverlap/Vwhole at institutes A, B, and C (R > 0.74, 0.85, and 0.56, respectively). Except in the rectum at institute B, the slopes of the regression lines for LP corresponded to those for VP. For dose-volume parameters for the rectum, the ratios of slopes of the regression lines in VP to those in LP ranged 0.51-1.26. In the bladder, most ratios were less than 1.0 (mean: 0.77). For each OAR, each model made distinct dosimetric characterizations in terms of Voverlap/Vwhole. The relationship between dose-volume parameters and Voverlap/Vwhole of OARs in LP predicts the KBP models' performance sparing OARs.