Element Library Research Articles

Extension of the spatially adaptive phase-field model to various forms of fracture

The phase field approach has proved to be efficient and has received ample attention amongst the available techniques to model fracture. However, high computational cost still imposes substantial difficulties in the phase-field simulation of fractures. This contribution is based on a recently proposed variational approach for spatial adaptivity in a phase-field model of fracture. The main idea is to consider the regularisation length ϵ as a space-dependent variable in the argument of the energy functional. We extend this now by implementing a strain energy split to ensure that only the tensile energy drives the crack propagation. The displacement, phase field, and optimal regularisation length are then determined locally by minimisation of the modified energy functional. Subsequently, the computed optimal regularisation length is used to refine the mesh size locally. The resultant solution procedure is implemented in the finite element library FEniCS. Numerical investigations on selected examples of different fracture modes demonstrate that the spatially adaptive phase field model has a comparable convergence rate, but a subjacent energy convergence curve resulting in significant computational savings. Moreover, it also computes the peak force more accurately illustrating its potential for usage in practical applications.

Autoinduction Expression Modules for Regulating Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis.

Although quorum sensing (QS) promoters that can autonomously activate gene expression have been identified and engineered in Bacillus subtilis, researchers focus on quantifying individual promoters while ignoring the interaction between other genetic regulatory elements. Here, we constructed the autoinduction expression modules consisting of promoters responsive to QS ComQXPA, ribosome binding sites (RBSs), and terminators. Using superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) as a reporter gene, three individual element libraries were generated from 945 promoters, 12,000 RBSs, and 425 terminators by random mutation, de novo design, and database mining strategies, respectively. Then, the efficiency of three libraries in regulating gene expression was further enhanced by engineering the core region of each optimal element. After hybridizing the element libraries, the generated expression modules exhibited a 627-fold range in regulating gene expression without significantly affecting the autoinduction initiation. Here, the hybrid modules with broad expression strength may benefit the application of QS-based autoinduction systems in B. subtilis.

ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ БИБЛИОТЕЧНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ СРЕДСТВО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

It is rational to build automation of design activities as a stage of information modeling in construction on the formalization and modeling of numerous routine operations that make up the bulk of the complexity and cost of design. At the same time, elemental design is associated with frequent reference to specialized reference and regulatory literature, software external to the modeling environment, which form the necessary information flow for high-quality design. One of the effective directions for accelerating and improving design activities is the development and use of parametric models of elements of buildings, structures and building structures, containing both algorithms for constructing spatial and layout images of an object, and providing it with the necessary algorithmic equipment for automated design according to a normative or user-adapted scenario. The paper presents an example of substantiation, development and use of parametric library elements in information modeling of buildings, structures and building structures. On the example of a parametric model of a free-standing foundation, modeled in the Graphisoft GDL environment for use in the ARCHICAD PC, the goals of creating and the benefits of using parametric (smart) objects of the information model are considered, effective work with a parametric model is demonstrated, which reduces the complexity of design activities, the key parameters of the object and examples of scripts are given software environment, an assessment of efficiency was made, prospects for further development of parametric modeling tools were determined.

Visual Sensing Technology for Digital Image-Oriented Public Art Design

With the development of computer software technology, computer image processing software has become increasingly significant in the public art design process. It can help with graphic design inventiveness and color presentation, as well as improve the aesthetics of public art design. This study aims to analyze the use of digital image synthesis and visual sensing techniques in public art design, as well as to use Dongba paintings, which reflects Chinese culture, as image fusion research objects. The Dongba painting’s line drawing is modeled and drawn, and an element library is created. The characteristic information of Dongba paintings is extracted using line integration convolution (LIC) algorithm. The background texture elements of the image are fused using image quilting texture’s improved synthesis algorithm. To improve the image effect of the linked Dongba paintings, a local color transfer algorithm based on color transfer rights is presented. The results show that the optimized synthesis algorithm of image quilting textures can achieve the same texture synthesis effect as the original algorithm. The method can meet the needs of real-world applications while also significantly improving the original technique’s performance. The synthesis time is reduced by 87.67%, and the image recognition accuracy of the local color transfer algorithm reaches 88.9%. Compared with other algorithms, the recognition accuracy is improved by 6.4%. The proposed digital image synthesis technique can create good images with different foreground and backdrop combinations and can provide a diverse visual expression. This contributes to public art’s visual production.

Радиационно-стойкие СБИС СнК и ОЗУ — особенности проектирования по КМОП технологиям объемного кремния

The effect of various types of radiation and heavy nuclear particles on VLSI fabricated using CMOS technologies for bulk silicon at a level of 250–90 nm is analyzed. Developed and certified on test crystals (TC) are constructive-topological and circuit solutions for elements of digital libraries, complex-functional RAM blocks and peripheral mixed-signal blocks for designing radiation-hardened VLSI of the “system-on-chip” (SoC) type and RAM of category RT (products with an increased level of radiation resistance). The methodology of radiation-hardened by design (RHBD) has been further developed. For CAD tools, a design environment for VLSI of the RT category was created for manufacturing at Russian factories using available CMOS bulk technologies. Based on this design environment, competitive radiation-hardened high-performance processor CMOS VLSI SoC and VLSI RAM were created. Basic technical solutions are protected by RF patents.

Wheel hub design of agricultural vehicles based on big data technology

In order to improve the design of wheel hubs, this paper applies the big data technology to analyse the factors effecting the structure of wheel hubs of agriculture vehicles and then carry out the design of wheel hub in combination with digital technology; the ontology image element library is composed of collected agricultural vehicle hub images to provide users with agricultural vehicle hub style. Through big data technology, the disadvantages of wheel hub of agriculture vehicles can be analysed, so as the advantages; based on which the design of wheel hubs of agriculture vehicles can be improved. The overall deformation adjustment, local deformation adjustment, combination and collocation and customised operation process of agricultural vehicle wheels could be carried out to speed up the online design of the wheel hubs. In this paper an experiment is designed to test the performance verification of this system. The result is that the system built up in this paper has its effects.

Hardware Implementation of Code Converters Designed to Reduce the Length of Binary Encoded Words

The problem of synthesis of combinational circuits of code converters designed to reduce the length of words from a given set of encoded binary words is considered. The encoding assumes that different binary words will be encoded by different binary codes of shorter length. Code converters of this type are designed to reduce the length of binary words transmitted in digital systems over data buses when the bit depth of the transmitted words exceeds the bit depth of the data bus. For example, 18-bit or 17-bit words need to be transmitted over a 16-bit data bus. Each such word can be transmitted in two cycles of operation of a digital system, however, this approach reduces the overall performance of the system. One of the approaches to solve such problems is the development of combinational circuits that convert long binary encoded words into shorter ones. The proposed methods for solving the problem of synthesizing circuits of code converters are based on the compilation and logical minimization of such forms of systems of incompletely specified Boolean functions as disjunc­tive normal forms (DNF) and binary decision diagrams (BDD). Using BDD to minimize representations of k-valued functions that depend on Boolean variables is also proposed. Technologically independent logical minimization of functional descriptions of the designed code converters is proposed to be performed by programs for minimizing systems of Boolean functions in the DNF class and programs for joint minimization of BDD representations of systems of completely specified Boolean functions. Minimization of functional descriptions is aimed at reducing the hardware complexity of combinational circuits in the basis of library elements or programmable FPGA elements implementing code converters of the class in question.

Rapid Environmental Assessment of Buildings: Linking Environmental and Cost Estimating Databases

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become an important part of building design optimization. Design studios need tools that make the LCA of buildings faster and simple, and provide results that allow comparison between variants. The objective of this study was to show the possibility of LCA data integration into the existing building design tool, the DEK Building Library, which is already widely used in the Czech Republic, by connecting it to 1200 items of the largest Czech cost-estimating database, and the application of this connection into building information modeling (BIM) tools. This process also included the large-scale adaptation of 160 relevant LCA data. The main result was obtained using EnviBIM, a freely accessible BIM plugin, as well as a web interface that allows users to receive cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of DEK Building Library elements. Additionally, a semi-automated algorithms system for different groups of building materials and elements named EnviDataGenerator was developed in MS Excel, which enables the consistent linking of LCA data to the cost-estimating database items. This allows EnviBIM extensions and upgrades. The EnviBIM module was validated using case studies of three buildings modeled in ArchiCAD and REVIT. The difference in results compared to the manual calculation was 3.1% to 10.9%, which was considered a success.

Extending FEniCS to work in higher dimensions using tensor product finite elements

We present a method to extend the finite element library FEniCS to solve problems with domains in dimensions above three by constructing tensor product finite elements. This methodology only requires that the high dimensional domain is structured as a Cartesian product of two lower dimensional subdomains. In this study we consider Dirichlet problems for scalar linear partial differential equations, though the methodology can be extended to non-linear problems. The utilization of tensor product finite elements allows us to construct a global system of linear algebraic equations that only relies on the finite element infrastructure of the lower dimensional subdomains contained in FEniCS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology in four distinctive test cases. The first test case is a Poisson equation posed in a four dimensional domain which is a Cartesian product of two unit squares solved using the classical Galerkin finite element method. The second test case is the wave equation in space–time, where the computational domain is a Cartesian product of a two dimensional space grid and a one dimensional time interval. In this second case we also employ the Galerkin method. The third test case is an advection dominated advection–diffusion equation where the global domain is a Cartesian product of two one dimensional intervals in which the streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin method is applied to ensure discrete stability. The final test case uses the Galerkin approach to solve a Poisson problem on a Cartesian product of two intervals with a spatially varying, non-separable diffusivity term In all cases, a p=1 basis is used and optimal L2 convergence rates of order hp+1 of the errors are achieved with respect to h refinement.

Building the Plant SynBio Toolbox through Combinatorial Analysis of DNA Regulatory Elements.

While the installation of complex genetic circuits in microorganisms is relatively routine, the synthetic biology toolbox is severely limited in plants. Of particular concern is the absence of combinatorial analysis of regulatory elements, the long design-build-test cycles associated with transgenic plant analysis, and a lack of naming standardization for cloning parts. Here, we use previously described plant regulatory elements to design, build, and test 91 transgene cassettes for relative expression strength. Constructs were transiently transfected into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and expression of a fluorescent reporter was measured from plant canopies, leaves, and protoplasts isolated from transfected plants. As anticipated, a dynamic level of expression was achieved from the library, ranging from near undetectable for the weakest cassette to a ∼200-fold increase for the strongest. Analysis of expression levels in plant canopies, individual leaves, and protoplasts were correlated, indicating that any of the methods could be used to evaluate regulatory elements in plants. Through this effort, a well-curated 37-member part library of plant regulatory elements was characterized, providing the necessary data to standardize construct design for precision metabolic engineering in plants.

The deal.II library, Version 9.4

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the new features of the finite element library deal.II, version 9.4.

Dendrite formation in rechargeable lithium-metal batteries: Phase-field modeling using open-source finite element library

We describe a phase-field model for the electrodeposition process that forms dendrites within metal-anode batteries. We derive the free energy functional model, arriving at a system of partial differential equations that describe the evolution of a phase field, the lithium-ion concentration, and an electric potential. We formulate, discretize, and solve the set of partial differential equations describing the coupled electrochemical interactions during a battery charge cycle using an open-source finite element library. The open-source library allows us to use parallel solvers and time-marching adaptivity. We describe two- and three-dimensional simulations; these simulations agree with experimentally-observed dendrite growth rates and morphologies reported in the literature.

Comparing the convected level-set and the Allen–Cahn phase-field methods in AMR/C simulations of two-phase flows

The modeling and simulation of two-phase flows is still an active research area, mainly when surface tension is present. One way to model the different phases is with interface capturing methods. Two well-established interface capturing approaches are the level-set and phase-field methods. The level-set method is known for its ability to compute the surface tension accurately, and phase-field models satisfy the second law of thermodynamics. This paper reviews and compares a level-set and a phase-field approach to simulate two-phase flows. We use a modified level-set method called convected level-set. The difference from the standard level-set method is that the re-initialization step is embedded in the convection equation, avoiding a separate step during the calculation. We also apply a global mass conservation procedure to enforce the mass balance between phases. On the other hand, the phase-field approach uses a conservative Allen–Cahn equation with a Lagrange multiplier to conserve the mass. The methods are implemented in libMesh, a parallel adaptive finite element library, using the same finite element formulations, time-marching schemes, solvers, and mesh adaptivity strategies. We present numerical solutions for the two methods considering adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening (AMR/C). Results are analyzed and discussed.

Green library: An overview

The term "green library" is a very new view that is still evolving. It is gaining popularity among scholars, academicians, and library professionals all around the world as a growing view. The amount of information about 'Green Library' and 'Sustainability' is limited, but it is increasing. In recent years, the interconnected subjects of green libraries and sustainability have garnered a lot of attention in numerous publications aimed at international librarians. This article defines the term "green library," lists its benefits, and examines the elements of a green library.

合成生物学应用于微生物群体感应的研究进展

<p indent="0mm">Bacteria exist as a unicellular organism with their community and systematization characteristics in the environment. Quorum sensing (QS), a language for cell-cell communication, helps bacteria regulate gene expression and community behavior, leading to adaptation to environmental changes. QS system is widespread in many kingdoms of microbiomes (bacteria, fungi, and archaea), which could manipulate various physiological behaviors, including bioluminescence, biofilm formation, producing virulence factors, and establishing symbiosis. However, due to the diversity of the microbial community structure and functional complexity in nature, there are still unknown areas for QS-mediated regulatory networks and ecological mechanisms. The recent vigorous development of synthetic biology may provide new opportunities to probe and explore QS effects. This method has made great achievements in designing genetic element libraries, assembling biological devices, designing genetic circuits, and creating predefined and predictable microbiome consortia. In parallel, synthetic biology can be used as a tool in quorum sensing to regulate the composition and function of communities. Hence, an attempt was made in this review to summarize the latest research. First, we presented several typical QS systems, their functions and signaling pathways. Second, we discussed how to design QS signaling pathways and genetic circuits and how to reduce crosstalk using synthetic biology strategies. Finally, we evaluated the assay on the synthetic QS system and its performance in microbial inter- and intraspecies communication. Thus, this review aims to sort out advanced concepts of synthetic biology, deepen the understanding of constructing a bio-calculation toolkit based on the QS system, control population density and metabolic flow, and expand the application scope of synthetic biology strategy in manipulating QS.

ПЛАТФОРМЕННЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ДОВЕРЕННОЙ ОТКАЗОУСТОЙЧИВОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОМПОНЕНТНОЙ БАЗЫ

The development of trusted fault-tolerant VLSI requires achieving economic efficiency, along with the functional and operational characteristics for the target equipment. To minimize errors, reduce costs and time to market, the practice of “reusing” technical solutions in the form of complex functional blocks (IP blocks), element libraries, etc. is widely used. In case the developers are not limited by various kinds of sanctions, they can choose the basic technical process for their project among several options according to the same design standards. The choice of a non-optimal for a given product and less stable technical process with a low-quality set of design tools leads to non-fulfillment of the requirements for the developed components or to the uncompetitiveness of the developed IP. Since it is almost impossible to localize the production of all the necessary electronic components, it is reasonable to determine the main technological directions for localization, while for all used processes to achieve the highest possible level of reuse of IP and libraries, ensuring the highest possible yield and a large series, apply a platform approach. The study considers multifactorial aspects of the design and development of platforms dedicated to trusted fault-tolerant systems on the levels of electronic component base (systems on a chip) and radio-electronic equipment (systems in package, micromodules and the corresponding infrastructure of support and services). We propose the solutions based on standard assembly components and allowing to implement the required functionality, increase economic efficiency and provide the high level of reliability and security, including the circumstances of sanctions restrictions.

3D finite element analysis of laminated composites under three-point bending

Delamination is considered as one of the most critical failure modes which occurs near the free edges in laminated composites due to high interlaminar stress. When the classical plate theory is used to determine the in plane stress, the interlaminar stresses cannot be assessed by this theory, as it adopts the plane stress assumption. For that, a three-dimensional finite element analysis is adopted to calculate in-plane stresses as well as out-of-plane stresses of laminated composites under three-point bending. 8-node linear brick elements C3D8R with reduced integration available in ABAQUS element library is used for meshing the laminated composite models. The flexural numerical response of two main lay-up arrangements is modelled: Unidirectional laminates ([0]12,[90]12, [45]12) and multidirectional laminates (cross-ply [0/90]3S , angle-ply [±45]3S and quasi-isotropic laminates [0/90/±452] S ). Comparing the current results to experimental methodologies accessible in the literature demonstrates the predictive capability of the present model. Therefore, this study shows that the present formulations can predict with a good accuracy the deflection of the test specimens. Whilst, a significant dispersion is only observed for the unidirectional laminates [0]12.

Adaptive hp-Refinement for 2-D Maxwell Eigenvalue Problems: Method and Benchmarks

We present an application of goal-oriented adaptive isotropic <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hp</i> -refinement for the 2-D Maxwell eigenvalue problem. We apply a simplified goal-oriented error expression for improving the accuracy of the eigenvalues, which, when combined with indicators derived from the solution, enables highly targeted discretization tuning. Furthermore, we introduce an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hp</i> -refinement/coarsening optimizer coupled with smoothness estimation for refinement classification and execution. These enhancements yield cost-effective resource allocations that reach extremely high accuracy rapidly even for eigenvalues of singular eigenfunctions. Finally, we provide numerical benchmarks more accurate than existing numerical reference values, along with new benchmarks for higher order modes that will facilitate the comparison and development of new approaches to adaptivity and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hp</i> finite elements in computational electromagnetics (CEM). Our implementation is based on the open-source finite element library deal.II.

A spatially adaptive phase-field model of fracture

Phase-field models of fracture introduce smeared cracks of width commensurate with a regularisation length parameter ε and obeying a minimum energy principle. Mesh adaptivity naturally suggests itself as a means of supplying spatial resolution where needed while simultaneously keeping the computational size of the model as small as possible. Here, a variational-based spatial adaptivity is proposed for a phase-field model of fracture.An extension of the conventional phase-field model is achieved by allowing spatial variation of the regularisation length ε in the energy functional. Similar to the displacement and phase fields, the optimal regularisation length is obtained by minimising the energy functional. This extended phase-field model serves as the foundation for an adaptive mesh refinement strategy, in which the mesh size is determined locally by the optimal regularisation length. The resulting solution procedure is implemented in the framework of the finite element library FEniCS. According to the selected numerical experiment, the spatially adaptive phase-field model converges marginally faster than the conventional phase-field model but with a vastly superior constant, resulting in significant computational savings.

National Costume Art Design Optimization under the Background of Artificial Intelligence Decision Making and Internet of Things

As the most external symbolic representation of the nation, national costumes are an integral part of the wonderful culture of the Chinese nation. Our country has many ethnic minorities and has a unique national costume culture, which provides rich resources for the art design of ethnic costumes. This paper uses artificial intelligence technology and Internet of Things technology to design a national costume element library system. In this system, users can match national costume suits according to their own preferences, and they can also transmit national culture to people through this system. After the system is designed, the system performance is optimized by interactive algorithms, and the availability of the system is verified by testing system security, stress resistance, concurrency, etc. Through the verification of the system designed in this paper, the national costumes designed by innovative technology can be copied in batches, which enhances the innovation of national costume design in our country and has high production efficiency. It is finally proved that the design results of this paper meet the design requirements.