Li-Fi Technology Research Articles

Advanced Home Automation Using Light Fidelity

Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is an emerging technology that uses the visible light spectrum for communication. Home automation is one of the very useful ways to control various electronic devices used in a home for our day to day activities. This paper proposes the use of Li-Fi technology, comprising light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, as means of connectivity. Data is sent through light spectrum on an optical wireless medium as signal propagation. This idea can be implemented as an android application connected to the cloud. All the devices in any home can be monitored and controlled using this app installed in a mobile phone. A user can change the state of any device (ON/OFF) with this app. Changes are made in the cloud, and a message is sent as a binary sequence to the hardware connected to the light source. After translation, the identity of the device that needs to be controlled is obtained along with the message to toggle it between the ON and OFF states. This message is sent across using visible light communication in a secure way as the data remains within the limits of the four walls. Hardware on the receiving end senses the blinking light source, and translates the blinks into a binary sequence thus obtaining the original message. Then the device performs the necessary action and updates the cloud after completion. This is further reflected on the android application of the user's phone. Attackers cannot break into this system easily, as the device identity and the light source is required to manipulate it.

Choosing strategies for deployment and ensuring the reliability of a UAV swarm to support communications in destruction conditions

The subject matter of the article is the system of communication networks of UAVs (flying networks, FNs), which use LiFi technology for data transmission from the source to the receiver in conditions of physical obstacles and cyber threats, as well as deployment and reliability assurance strategies (DRAS) of FNs. The goal of the work is to develop criteria and algorithms for choosing DRAS of FNs that provide the necessary level of reliability and efficiency under given constraints. The following tasks were solved in the article: systematization of deployment strategies and ensuring the reliability of the flying network; formulation of principles and development of an algorithm for choosing the optimal deployment strategy and ensuring the reliability of FNs; providing recommendations on choosing the optimal deployment strategies and ensuring the reliability of the flying network. The following methods are used: system analysis for choosing the optimal DRAS; theory of reliability and system efficiency. The following results were obtained: the classifier of FNs deployment strategies was expanded due to additional features of repair and maintenance, as well as the presence of cyber attacks; the criteria for choosing deployment strategies and ensuring the reliability of FNs are formulated; an algorithm for choosing the optimal deployment strategy and ensuring the reliability of FNs was developed; the analysis is carried out and an example of the application of the developed algorithms is given to illustrate the step-by-step procedure for choosing a strategy, which is accompanied by calculations of reliability indicators. Conclusions: the proposed sets, criteria, and algorithm for choosing deployment and reliability assurance strategies of FNs enable the substantiation of a set of parameters and planning of the implementation of the optimal (according to the defined criterion) policy for the introduction of an automatic communication support system at critical infrastructure objects under conditions of destruction and cyber influence, as well as increase efficiency (minimize cost) of the use of flying networks.

Supporting Differentiated Streaming Services in Heterogeneous Vehicle-to-Everything Networks.

Advancements in assisted driving technologies are expected to enable future passengers to use a wide range of multimedia applications in electric vehicles (EVs). To address the bandwidth demands for high-resolution and immersive videos during peak traffic, this study introduces a bandwidth-management algorithm to support differentiated streaming services in heterogeneous vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. By leveraging cellular 6G base stations, along with Cell-Free (CF) Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (mMIMO) Wi-Fi 7 access points, the algorithm aims to provide a high-coverage, high-speed, and low-interference V2X network environment. Additionally, Li-Fi technology is employed to supply extra bandwidth to vehicles with limited connectivity via V2V communication. Importantly, the study addresses the urgency and prioritization of different applications to ensure the smooth execution of emergency applications and introduces a pre-downloading mechanism specifically for non-real-time applications. Through simulations, the algorithm's effectiveness in meeting EV users' bandwidth needs for various multimedia streaming applications is demonstrated. During peak-bandwidth-demand periods, users experienced an average increase in bandwidth of 47%. Furthermore, bandwidth utilization across the V2X landscape is significantly improved.

Is LiFi Technology Ready for Manufacturing and Adoption? An End-user questionnaire-based study

Because of the exponential development of emerging technologies and the increase of devices that use the internet, the wireless fidelity (WiFi) spectrum has been saturated, therefore, the light fidelity (LiFi) has been under development for wireless communication including internet access. LiFi network systems can provide high speed data rates with high security. However, LiFi is still under development and research, and is not yet popular for end-users to be used in homes, companies, and other industries. Therefore, for the first time, this study investigates the adoption probability of LiFi technology by the end-users to anticipate the success rate when launching ready-to-use LiFi devices for end-users by the manufacturer companies. A well-designed questionnaire is used in this study for data collection. A total of 100 participants from around the world have been chosen to fill-up the questionnaire forms including three phases: basic information, preferences, and usage, and LiFi and Pricing. The findings of this study show a high and positive probability for adoption rate of LiFi technology. However, the pricing aspect has a critical impact on the acceptance of using LiFi systems by the end-users.

Hybrid CSMA/CA and HCCA uplink medium access control protocol for VLC based heterogeneous users

Light fidelity (LiFi) is an emerging wireless networking technology of visible light communication (VLC) paradigm for multiuser communication. This technology enables high data rates due to the availability of large visible light spectrum. While current studies have shown the potential for LiFi technology, they borrow the MAC-layer protocols from traditional WiFi. However, a number of prior studies have shown the challenges faced by the MAC-layer of WiFi in the presence of large number and types of devices. In this work, we show that the hybrid-coordination-function-controlled-access (HCCA) MAC protocol in LiFi provides higher throughput than the traditional CSMA/CA mechanism to user devices. We also show that HCCA has the limitation of higher message overhead in the presence of a large number of devices. We also evaluate the collision probability, busy channel probability, and delay for HCCA and CSMA/CA MAC protocol. We utilize both theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to study these performance tradeoffs and identify a threshold when a LiFi access point should switch to HCCA from CSMA/CA and vice-versa. Finally, based on our findings, we design a hybrid-MAC mechanism that switches between HCCA and CSMA/CA based on the number and type of devices present. Our evaluation shows that this hybrid mechanism can outperform both HCCA and CSMA/CA individually in the presence of different number of devices.

Li-Fi Technology for Vehicle-To-Vehicle

The integration of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology within Smart Cities to enhance vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems. Highlighting the limitations of traditional radio frequency (RF) methods in managing increasing traffic and potential ecosystem impacts, the abstract introduces Li-Fi as a promising alternative. Li-Fi utilizes visible light to achieve high-speed data transfer rates, offering advantages such as enhanced efficiency, reduced latency, improved reliability, and heightened security. The objectives of implementing Li-Fi in V2V communication are delineated, emphasizing its potential to facilitate real-time data exchange crucial for autonomous driving and safety applications. The abstract further details the methodology and architecture of Li-Fi technology, illustrating its utilization of LED bulbs and photo detectors for data transmission and reception. Practical implementation strategies for integrating Li-Fi into V2V communication systems, including sensor-based distance measurement and automated collision avoidance mechanisms, are discussed. Ultimately, the abstract concludes by emphasizing Li-Fi's potential as a cost-effective solution to mitigate traffic accidents and enhance communication efficiency in Smart Cities. Keywords — Li-Fi, Illumination, Wi-Fi, LED, Photo Diode, Radio Frequency

LiFi Technology Application and Prospect in the Field of Medical

Light Fidelity (LiFi) technology utilizes visible light as a transmission medium with a large spectrum and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Due to its unique characteristics, the use of light emitted by light-emitting diodes (LED) to transmit data makes it very safe when transmitting data. LiFi technology plays an integral role in many fields, such as aerospace, underwater communications, defense and security, and medicine. This paper introduces the basic working principle of LiFi. LiFi technology is used as a modulation technique for data transmission, and the current status of LiFi technology in the medical field is briefly analyzed, along with the challenges and difficulties encountered in this field. Examples include a medical monitoring system based on LiFi technology and the transmission of images in the operating theater using LiFi technology. In the medical field, LiFi technology also faces challenges and difficulties, such as ensuring the stability and reliability of communication and achieving efficient signal processing and data transmission. The potential of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology for in-depth research is described.

System For Penetrative Emergency Communication System

System For Penetrative Emergency Communication System

An Amalgamated Kruskal’s Algorithm to ascertain the shortest route in the futuristic smart world

As the globe enters a new era, web applications will become indispensable to managing business. Businesses can easily grow, become simpler, and accomplish their objective much faster by employing web applications. Creating a web application in cloud computing allows for the more affordable leveraging of cloud-based services. This makes it easier to avoid setting up and maintaining several servers. To get around cloud computing’s built-in restrictions such as scalability, security, and bandwidth limitations, the future smart world of cloud computing will be coupled with LiFi connectivity. Beyond creating the web application, it is important to promote this web application among the network of users as quickly and effectively as possible. This manuscript proposes a strategy to address these challenges. There are two primary components to this MCDM technique. The first step is to model the problem as a graph and weigh the edges by employing the Hamacher aggregation operator. The second step involves using a fresh iteration of Kruskal’s technique in conjunction with this approach to discover a Minimum Spanning Tree as a resolution. This manuscript adds to the literature by solving real-world Minimum Spanning Tree problems by combining existing algorithms with MCDM techniques. This technique is demonstrated for marketing a web application(created via cloud service) in a future smart world using LiFi technology.

Transferring Data Using a Visible Light

This project aims to demonstrate the availability and usability of a basic Li-Fi system that can be manufactured and utilised in daily life starting with the fundamental tools. We present a novel method of data transfer that combines sustainable energy harvesting with high-speed communication (using Li-Fi technology). This makes it suitable for a range of applications, such as secure data communication, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and wireless sensor networks. A light communication system called Li-Fi uses modulating circuits and regular LED bulbs. We shall explain in this how light from an LED diode is utilised as a transmission medium for this purpose. Compared to Wi-Fi, it transfers data more quickly. In the experimental setup, modulated light signals are emitted by LEDs and detected by solar cells that have photodetectors installed. To recover the transmitted data, the receiving signal must be decoded. Light from the source is directed through a plane convex lens to minimise losses at the lowest levels. If the light source is precisely at the focal point, the light rays on the exit will extend nearly parallel and strike the solar cell with the least amount of loss. It also emphasises how this technology will be used in the future. Additionally, it showcases the technology that will enable data transfer at the speed of light in the future and make efficient use of the light spectrum to connect gadgets to the internet. ex. Organization v2v(vehicle-to-vehicle), Smart mirror, Indoor navigation in building and landscapes, Hospital and health care...etc.,

Artificial intelligence of things for smart cities: advanced solutions for enhancing transportation safety

In the context of smart cities, ensuring road safety is crucial due to increasing urbanization and the interconnected nature of contemporary urban environments. Leveraging innovative technologies is essential to mitigate risks and create safer communities. Thus, there is a compelling imperative to develop advanced solutions to enhance road safety within smart city frameworks. In this article, we introduce a comprehensive vehicle safety framework tailored specifically for smart cities in the realm of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). This framework seamlessly integrates a variety of sensors, including eye blink, ultrasonic, and alcohol sensors, to bolster road safety. The utilization of eye blink sensor serves to promptly detect potential hazards, alerting drivers through audible cues and thereby enhancing safety on smart city roads. Moreover, ultrasonic sensors provide real time information about surrounding vehicle speeds, thereby facilitating smoother traffic flow. To address concerns related to alcohol consumption and its potential impact on road safety, our framework incorporates a specialized sensor that effectively monitors the driver’s alcohol levels. In instances of high alcohol content, the system utilizes GPS and GSM technology to automatically adjust the vehicle’s speed while simultaneously notifying pertinent authorities for prompt intervention. Additionally, our proposed system optimizes inter-vehicle communication in smart cities by leveraging Li-Fi technology, enabling faster and more efficient data transmission via visible light communication (VLC). The integration of Li-Fi enhances connectivity among connected vehicles, contributing to a more cohesive and intelligent urban transportation network. Through the structured integration of AIoT technologies, our framework lays a robust foundation for a safer, smarter, and more sustainable future in smart city transportation. It offers significant advancements in road safety and establishes the groundwork for further enhancement in intelligent urban transportation networks.

AUDIO AND TEXT TRANSMISSION USING LI-FI TECHNOLOGY

The project "Audio and Text Transmission Using Li-Fi Technology" explores the innovative application of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) for transmitting both audio and text data. Li-Fi employs light signals, typically from LEDs or lasers, for data transmission, and in this project, it is leveraged to achieve two distinct functionalities: audio and text transmission. For audio transmission, a dedicated Li-Fi system is implemented where an audio signal is modulated onto the light signal emitted by an LED or laser. At the receiver end, multiple amplifiers are employed to retrieve and reproduce the audio signal. This process allows for the wireless transmission of audio data using light waves, offering a unique and potentially efficient alternative to traditional audio communication methods. For text transmission, Li-Fi modules connected to Arduino boards are employed for both the transmitter and receiver. The Arduino-based system facilitates the encoding and decoding of text data into light signals, enabling the wireless transmission of textual information using Li-Fi technology. This dual-functional approach expands the versatility of Li-Fi in communication systems, showcasing its potential for transmitting both audio and text data wirelessly through light Keywords: Arduino, Li Fi Transmitter, Li Fi receiver, LCD

Optical Conveyance of Audio Signals: Pioneering Li-Fi Technology for High-Fidelity Data Transmission

This paper explores the integration of Li-Fi technology for transmitting high-fidelity audio signals in modern communication systems. Li-Fi, a wireless communication technology utilizing light signals, offers numerous advantages over traditional radio frequency-based methods, including higher data rates, reduced electromagnetic interference, and enhanced security. Leveraging the unique properties of Li-Fi, such as its ability to transmit data through light waves, this study investigates its potential application in audio signal transmission. Through experimental analysis and theoretical considerations, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of Li-Fi for delivering high-quality audio signals in various scenarios. Our findings contribute to advancing the understanding of Li-Fi technology and its potential role in shaping the future of wireless audio communication.

Optical Conveyance of Audio Signals: Pioneering Li-Fi Technology for High-Fidelity Data Transmission

This paper explores the integration of Li-Fi technology for transmitting high-fidelity audio signals in modern communication systems. Li-Fi, a wireless communication technology utilizing light signals, offers numerous advantages over traditional radio frequency-based methods, including higher data rates, reduced electromagnetic interference, and enhanced security. Leveraging the unique properties of Li-Fi, such as its ability to transmit data through light waves, this study investigates its potential application in audio signal transmission. Through experimental analysis and theoretical considerations, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of Li-Fi for delivering high-quality audio signals in various scenarios. Our findings contribute to advancing the understanding of Li-Fi technology and its potential role in shaping the future of wireless audio communication.

Audio and Data Transmission using LIFI

Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity. LIFI technology is very new and was proposed by the German physicist Harald Haas in 2011. Light based communication system is the backbone of the future of the communication system. Li-Fi is a wireless technology that uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data. The development of the wireless communication leads to advance research in Li-Fi technology. The term Li-Fi states to visible light communication (VLC) technology that uses as medium to deliver high-speed communication in a fashion similar to Wi-Fi. Li-Fi comprises a wide range of frequencies and wavelengths, from the Infrared through visible and down to the Ultraviolet spectrum. The immense use of Li-Fi may solve some bottleneck of data transmission in Wi-Fi technology. With the innovation in technology and the number of users, the existing radio-wave spectrum fails to accommodate this need. To resolve the issues of scalability, availability and security, we have come up with the concept of transmitting data wirelessly through light using visible light communication (VLC) technology. The objective is to study and describe the Li-Fi technology. The improvement of the wireless communication leads to advance research in Li-Fi technology through Visible Light Communications (VLC) Technology.

Underwater Audio and Data Transmission System using Li-Fi Technology

Underwater communication system utilizing Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology for transmitting audio and data. The system addresses limitations of traditional methods by leveraging an Arduino Uno microcontroller for control, lasers for data transmission, and solar panels for reception. To enhance received audio signals, an amplifier circuit is employed before feeding them into a speaker for playback. Data is recovered and processed on the receiving end using the Arduino Uno. This research explores the feasibility of Li-Fi for underwater applications. The paper details the design and development of the communication system, including hardware components like lasers, solar panels, amplifier circuits, and speakers, along with the software implemented on the Arduino Uno. The results focus on the successful transmission and reception of both audio (heard through the speaker) and text data processed by the Arduino Uno. This work paves the way for further development of Li-Fi based underwater communication solutions for various applications. Keywords- Underwater Communication, Li-Fi (Light Fidelity), Arduino Uno, Laser Diode, Solar Panel, Audio Transmission, Data Transmission, Amplifier Circuit, Speaker

Integration of LiFi, BPL, and Fiber Optic Technologies in Smart Grid Backbone Networks: A Proposal for Exploiting the LiFi LED Street Lighting Networks of Power Utilities and Smart Cities

This paper presents a proposal for extending an existing terabit-class backbone network architecture to enable the use of LiFi technology by power utilities and smart cities. The proposed architecture provides a practical means of integrating three smart grid communication technologies—fiber optics, BPL networks and LiFi LED street lighting networks—across the transmission and distribution power grids of smart cities. In addition to expanding the backbone communications network architecture, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of LiFi technology and analyzes the concept of LiFi LED street lighting networks in a smart city. The analytical investigation of the operation and performance of LiFi LED street lighting networks focuses on the following aspects: (i) typical LED street lighting configurations and default configuration parameter values encountered in smart sustainable cities; (ii) the applied LiFi channel model and corresponding default model parameters; (iii) SNR computations and LiFi channel classifications for a variety of scenarios; and (iv) available LiFi LED street lighting network architectures for integrating LiFi LED street lighting networks with the backbone network. The paper also discusses the potential benefits of LiFi LED street lighting networks for power utilities, smart cities and individuals.

LIGHTING UP DATA: THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS DATA TRANSFER WITH LIGHT FIDELITY TECHNOLOGY

This paper presents an exploration of light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology for data transfer. The project focuses on developing a Li-Fi system consisting of a transmitter (which includes an Arduino Uno and a laser module) and a receiver, an Arduino Uno, a light-dependent resistor (LDR), and a light-emitting diode (LED) display. Li-Fi technology, utilizing light waves for data transmission, offers several advantages over traditional wireless communication systems. This paper showcases the potential of Li-Fi by implementing a practical system using readily available components. The transmitter circuit, controlled by the Arduino Uno, modulates the laser module to encode the data to be transmitted. The Arduino Uno's programmability enables precise control over the timing and modulation of the laser, ensuring accurate and reliable data transmission. On the receiver side, the Arduino Uno interfaces with the LDR to detect and convert the modulated light signals into electrical signals. The Arduino Uno reads the analog values from the LDR and performs necessary calculations and decoding algorithms to extract the transmitted data. The decoded data is then displayed on the LED module for visualization. The project leverages the capabilities of the Arduino Uno microcontrollers to control and synchronize the transmitter and receiver circuits. The use of a laser module enables high-speed data transfer, and the LDR facilitates the reception and decoding of the transmitted light signals.

The RGB Colors Impact Li-Fi Data Transmission in Both Indoor and Outdoor Environments

This study investigates how LED light colors influence Li-Fi data transmission and sound clarity responsiveness. Employing a quantitative experimental design, the research systematically assesses the impact of various color treatments on Li-Fi performance in indoor and outdoor settings. Significant variations are observed in background noise levels and clarity of transmitted sound, with white LED consistently outperforming other colors. In alignment with existing literature, the study contributes valuable insights into Li-Fi connectivity. Despite unexpected results in responsiveness evaluation, proposed future experiments aim to refine understanding and enhance the practical applications of Li-Fi technology. This research comprehensively examines Li-Fi performance under diverse conditions, contributing to the advancement of efficient and adaptable data transmission solutions.

Data Transmission Utilizing Light Fidelity for Integration into IoT Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an increasingly vital role in numerous domains across our modern landscape. It presents a plethora of innovative solutions that not only streamline human tasks but also enhance overall quality of life. Within this dynamic IoT framework, this paper hones in on the data transfer aspect, highlighting the pivotal role of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. Li-Fi represents a wireless data transmission methodology harnessing light as its medium. Our research endeavours culminate in the development of a tangible hardware prototype, incorporating Li-Fi technology alongside various complementary components. This bespoke prototype serves as an invaluable instrument for data transmission, harnessing the potential of light to facilitate seamless information exchange. Furthermore, to interface with this system, a dedicated mobile application has been meticulously crafted, offering users a user-friendly and efficient means of data transmission and communication.