Lexical Study Research Articles

On the Curious History of the Big Six

Abstract. The Big Five became the foremost model of personality-trait structure in the last three decades, but was formed out of item/variable selections that partially or totally omitted dispositional content related to morality, ethics, integrity, and honesty. Such morality-relevant content has, for several reasons reviewed, extreme importance within the dimension of dispositional tendencies. Previous histories of the Big Five ignore details that account for this pattern of moral-content exclusion, exclusion that tended to impede identification of a key factor in a Big Six or HEXACO model. Here, a set of frequently referenced and highly morality-relevant adjective concepts are identified, based on ratings by 10 judges. The treatment of these concepts enables a tracing of the specific routes and rationales by which exclusion (and partial inclusion) operated in key lexical studies of the archaic period of lexical studies (up through 1993; in English and German), that reveals how variable-selection decisions by early investigators tended to impede identification of an important dimension of personality. Recommendations are offered for future personality-structure research.

The Word Reference and the Rhetorical Styleverses 23 and 24 of Esraa Sura as Model

Shedding light on ayas of the Quranic text is still a rich resource for various linguistic studies, and it will be constantly providing us with information up to the end of the world. Suppose that each letter in the Glorious Quran hasn't been stated randomly but fit and exactly; even the word and the style haven't indefinitely been mentioned in vain. We have tried to show an aspect of miraculous linguistic expression in the Quranic text throughout tackling two ayas which are at least regarded as a basic core of community construction; since they arrange the relationship among parents and sons within the family, in addition to the relationship of a worshiper towards his/her worshiped (i.e. the Almighty Allah), and its involved influence on the humans treatment with each other. On this basis, it can be said that “the religion is the life”. In this regard, it has been dealt with the word: its sounds, its meanings, its aspect, the manner of its writing, and its position within the structure. Starting with the phonetic rhythmic aspect related to vowel sounds, it has been shown the rising and falling of vowel sounds rate in an amazing harmony with the topic and theme of the aya. The vowel sound alif (الألف) in the first aya has got about 90% and this is in harmony with the topic of monotheism and the fate of the Almighty Allah. On the other side, the ratio of the vowel sound yaa' (الياء) is decreasingly amounted as 25% in the second aya; in a way that is in harmony with the meaning of the aya, since it talks about lowering the wing of humiliation and mercy (i.e. to treat them mercifully and pray for them to get the merci of Allah for their binging up and taking care the sons when they were little).It has been shown the semantic perspective of these sounds and the phonetic syllables within the words with their inflectional cases, in addition to the harmony of type of definition in such sounds and the type of the used pronoun. Accordingly, it has been found that the strong meanings are coherent with strong sounds in the used utterances compared with their synonyms. As for the grammatical structure, however, the scenes have been symbolized throughout the images gotten by the lexicons such as (the wing of humiliation and mercy) which draws the image of humiliation and submission. The mark of (kasra) at the end of the lexicon (الرحمةِ) is in harmony with the treating case, and this is in harmony with the use of antecedent pronoun (referring to the addressor) in the lexicon (ربّياني) instead of (ربّياكَ). According to phonetic properties, the increasing of sound figures in the word draws an increasing careand mercy, in addition to the denotation of the vowel sound yaa' (الياء) by which the word (ربّياني) is ended. It is indefinitely softer than the sound letter kaf (الكاف) w.

Terminological research in Quranic studies: scientific pillars and methodological problems

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان ماهيّة منهج الدراسة المصطلحية القرآنية وأهميته كرافد معرفي جديد ينهض بالبحث القرآني ويراكم جهوده التاريخية، من التحليلية إلى الموضوعية، ليفتح أفقًا جديدًا ينطلق من التعامل مع ألفاظ القرآن الكريم كمصطلحات لها سياجها اللغوي وشخصيتها المعنوية ودلالاتها السياقية الخاصة. وتؤسّس الدراسة لمنهجها من خلال ثلاث تجارب رائدة في العالم الإسلامي: المدرسة الهندية وإمامها عبد الحميد الفراهي، المدرسة الشامية وعميدها أحمد حسن فرحات والمدرسة المغاربية ورائدها الشاهد البوشيخي. هذه الأخيرة تقترح خمسة أركان للدراسة المصطلحية: الدراسة الإحصائية، المعجمية، النصية والمفهومية، وصولا إلى العرض المصطلحي، وما يحتويه من تعريفات وصفات وعلاقات وضمائم ومشتقات وقضايا. من هذا المنطلق، تحاول الدراسة أن تتبع أهم الأسس المعرفية للبحث المصطلحي القرآني، والتي تتمحور حول مرجعية تصوّرية ثلاثية: قرآنية المصدر، وعقلانية المنهج، وواقعية التطبيق. فالمصدرية القرآنية تمثّل الغاية الموجهة للبحث المصطلحي ومجاله النصي، والعقلانية المنهجية تستحضر بعدين أساسين: منهجية البحث القرآني التفسيري عامة، ومنهجية الدرس المصطلحي خاصة، في فضاء الدراسات الأدبية. أما الواقعية التطبيقية، فهي تعبّر عن مدى حضور الواقع وقضاياه في البحث المصطلحي، مما يضفي عليه الوظيفية والجدوى والفعالية العملية. من شأن هذه الأسس حسم لفيف من الإشكالات المنهجية التي تحيط بالبحث المصطلحي. يتقاطع فيها مع عموم الدراسات الإنسانية والإسلامية، ويختص ببعض الإشكالات المتعلقة بكونه درسًا قرآنيًا وتفسيريًا من جهة، ثم بكونه درسًا مصطلحيًا من جهة ثانية. هذا مجاليًا، أما محوريًا فإشكالات الدرس المصطلحي تؤول إلى مصدريته القرآنية، أو إلى عقلانيّته المنهجية، أو إلى واقعيته الميدانية. أي أنها متعلقة بالنص أو المنهج أو الواقع. هذه الإشكالات بقدر ما هي عوائق وكوابح، بقدر ما هي علامات نمو تحفّز الدراسات المصطلحية لتثبت كفاءتها وفعاليتها وأهليتها لتحمل أمانة النص وأداء رسالة المنهج وحلّ مشكلات الواقع المعاصر.

Общемонгольская лексика в названиях предметов одежды и украшений в «Сокровенном сказании монголов»

The article deals with the vocabulary which was used for the denotation of pieces of clothing and adornments in The Secret History of the Mongols. The study aims to analyze — where possible — the etymology of the lexical items in question or, at least, if the relevant data are not available, find respective lexical parallels in the modern Khalkha, Buryat and Kalmyk languages, figure out whether they belong to the common Mongolic vocabulary, and draw conclusions concerning the way the layer of household vocabulary has been formed in the Mongoliс languages. Being the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language, The Secret History of the Mongols has been thoroughly studied, and dozens of articles, monographs and other works of scholarship have been published since the 19th century when this written artifact was introduced into European scientific discourse by Palladius (Kafarov), a Russian Orthodox monk and, by a twist of fate, one of the first Russian sinologists. Still, there are no lexical studies specifically focusing on the 13th-century household vocabulary which has left traces in The Secret History of the Mongols, while research of that kind could give clues to the so called ‘Altaic problem’. The article is intended to fill this gap (partially). The paper examines the following lexical items: deel/degel ‘long garment, dress, gown, robe; clothes’, qubcasun/qubca ‘clothes’, emusgel ‘garment’, daqu ‘coat with fur outside’, ormuge/ormege ‘overcoat, bast mat’, nemurge ‘raincoat’, heligebci ‘abdominal band’, emudun ‘pants’, camca ‘shirt’, dotoaǰi ‘underwear’, buse ‘belt’, γudusu(n) ‘footwear’, ǰaqa ‘collar’, qancu(n) ‘sleeve’, qormoi ‘bottom of one’s item of clothing’, maqalay ‘hat’, eemeg ‘earring’. It has been found that all the words listed have common Mongolic stems, and the words daqu ‘coat with fur outside’, ormuge/ormege ‘overcoat, bast mat’, and ǰaqa ‘collar’ are related to their common Turkic equivalents.

Les mots d'insurrection sur Pyrenees: chansons et proclamations seditieuses en circulation sur le cordon sanitaire durant le Trienio Liberal

The seditious prints in the form of proclamation or song are considered as a means of conversion and effective mobilization to a project of revolt by the men of the first nineteenth century. Thus, taking advantage of the concentration of part of the royal army on the Pyrenean border to form a Cordon sanitaire, the enemies of the Bourbons circulate their writings of subversion from autumn 1821 to spring 1823.Through the semantic and lexical study of several clandestine leaflets of revolt, this article focuses on this specific means of politicization aimed at individuals with a lacunary or non-existent political culture. The seditious print, by its wish to synthesize thirty years of ideological influences, proves to be an excellent way to seize the ordinary words of opposition to the restored monarchy and to perceive the threads that the subversive elites use to move a popular power still worryingFecha de envio / Submission date : 18/12/2018Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance date : 23/02/2019

Średniowieczne zasoby onimiczne – niewykorzystane źródło w badaniach historycznojęzykowych? Prolegomena badawcze

Medieval Onymic Resources – an Untapped Source in Historical Linguistics? A Research Prolegomena The article is devoted to more comprehensive use of medieval onymic resources in research on the history of the Polish language. These materials were used in research on the phonetic development of the Polish language in its earliest period. To date, they have rarely appeared in lexical studies. The body of the oldest appellatives, reconstructed on the basis of proper names, would be a kind of lexicon (supplement) enriching and verifying Old Polish lexical material, certified in historical Polish dictionaries (also in etymological dictionaries). In this way, the expectations formulated over 100 years ago by eminent Polish linguists may be fulfilled. The complementary use of such a huge wealth of material opens up further research perspectives towards etymological, dialectological, lexical and morphological research.

Assessing Positive Orientation With the Implicit Association Test

Abstract. Positive orientation (PO) is a basic predisposition that consists in a positive outlook toward oneself, one’s life, and one’s future, which is associated to many desirable outcomes connected to health and to the general quality of life. We performed a lexical study for identifying a set of markers of PO, developed an Implicit Association Test (the PO-IAT), and investigated its psychometric properties. The PO-IAT proved to be a reliable measure with a clear pattern of convergent validity, both with respect to self-report scales connected to PO and with respect to an indirect measure of self-esteem. A secondary aim of our studies was to validate a new brief adjective scale to assess PO, the POAS. Our results show that both the PO-IAT and the self-reported PO predict the frequency of depressive symptoms and of self-perceived intelligence.

The Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R: Psychometric properties and relationships with the Big Five Inventory

The HEXACO model of personality structure consists of six factors that have been repeatedly recovered in lexical studies across languages (Ashton, Lee, & Perugini et al., 2004; Lee & Ashton, 2008). The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI-R in a Norwegian sample. College students ( n = 484; 82% female; mean age: 24.98 years) answered the Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R and the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Alpha reliability for HEXACO-PI-R factor scales was acceptable, whereas reliability coefficients for the facet scales varied with a mean α = .63. A principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation showed that seven meaningful latent factors could be extracted, but when six latent factors were requested, a factor loading pattern in accordance with the HEXACO model emerged. Relationships between the HEXACO factors and BFI supported the convergent validity of the inventory. The relativity independence of Honesty-Humility from the Big Fig factors was evident, with the Big Five predicting only 20% of the variance in Honesty-Humility. The results indicate that the Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R is adequate for measuring the six factors of personality but more research, preferably in heterogeneous samples, is needed to fully establish the psychometric properties of the inventory.»/><meta name=

Searching for Hattian-Hittite ‘Quasi-Bilingual’ Texts: New Tools for the Continued Research of Hattian

Abstract This paper addresses the possibilities for further philological and linguistic studies of the Hattian text sources that will be feasible within the next few years. A digital searchable corpus of Hattian texts, in combination with a digital corpus of the Hittite texts, would open up new venues of research. These corpora will facilitate lexical, morphological and phonological studies as well as the reconstruction of text compositions with Hattian passages and of the tablets on which they were inscribed. It is hoped that the digital corpora will also aid in the potential identification of hitherto unrecognized correspondences between Hattian and Hittite texts.

A Corpus-Based Lexical Study of the Frequency, Coverage and Distribution of Academic Vocabulary in Islamic Academic Research Articles

This corpus-based lexical study aimed to explore the use of words in Coxhead (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) in academic journal articles in the field of Islamic studies. Around 472,621 word corpus, called the Islamic Academic Research Articles (IARA) corpus, was created for this study. The corpus consisted of 66 research articles written in English that were published in more than 10 different Islamic academic journals. Authentic and academic research articles written on Islam, and from Islamic perspectives, covering a wide range of topics, were selected. The study found that the most frequent 317 AWL words which occurred in the IARA corpus was only 56% of Coxhead’s AWL of 570 words. This finding points to the need for a special AWL for students. Findings suggest the need to produce field-specific academic word lists incorporating all frequent academic lexical items necessary for the expression of the rhetoric of the specific research area. Findings also revealed that some of the words which were found in the present study were not found in Coxhead’s Academic Word List. This suggests that vocabulary needs of students in Islamic studies are characteristically different from those of students in other disciplines.

The Samaritan ‘brought him to an inn’: Revisiting πανδοχεῖον in Luke 10:34

This article traces the meaning of κατάλυμά and πανδοχeῖον in available Roman-Egypt papyri, the LXX, early-Jewish literature, and Greek writings to determine the meaning of πανδοχeῖον [inn] used in Luke 10:34. It is argued that a lexical study of κατάλυμά and πανδοχeῖον and available information on travel in the ancient world indicate that there is no evidence for the so-called non-commercial inns in the ancient world and that commercial inns and innkeepers, in principle, were all ‘bad’. In conclusion, the implications of this understanding of πανδοχeῖον and πανδοκeύς (Lk 10:34, 35) for the possible intended meaning of the parable are discussed, a conclusion that begs further research regarding the identity of the protagonist in the parable.

Michael Toxites y los vocabularios plurilingües de Onomastica (1574)

Este artículo analiza los vocabularios contenidos en Onomastica (1574) de Michael Toxites (seudónimo de Michael Schütz), una obra no estudiada aún en el ámbito hispánico. Semejante a obras posteriores de sistematización terminológica, como las de Caspar Bauhin o Christian Mentzel para el ámbito botánico, Onomastica recopila voces de sustancias minerales y vegetales usadas en la realización de compuestos alquímicos durante el Renacimiento. Dividida en dos partes, una primera temática y una segunda alfabética, la obra recoge voces comunes y técnicas en varias lenguas (latín, hebreo, árabe, alemán, francés, español, italiano e inglés). Este estudio realiza una aproximación global al autor y la obra, describe la estructura de los dos repertorios que la componen, analiza algunos de los términos que incluye debido a su temprana datación y, por último, establece su relación con otras obras paracelsísticas similares de su época.

What Do Different Word Lists Reveal about the Lexical Features of a Specialised Language?

Most corpus-based investigations capitalise on word list analyses: frequency, keyword, and key-keywords, in profiling the lexical features of a specialised language. Though the three word lists have been used in many corpus-based language studies, comparisons across these three types of word lists in characterising a specialised language has not been made to identify any salient information each word list can reveal about the target language. This paper provides comparisons of Engineering English using three types of word list: frequency, keyword and key-keyword lists. The purpose is to identify the lexical information that can be revealed by the groups of words listed according to each type of word lists. To conduct the analyses, a corpus of Engineering English (E 2 C) is created. All the word lists from the corpus are extracted using the Wordsmith software. Next, further analyses on the distribution of the vocabulary components, namely function vs. content words, and word categories i.e. GSL, AWL and Others, are conducted on all the three word lists. The findings reveal that different word lists result in different ranges of words, and the analyses of the words reveal the distinct features of the specialised language at different levels. Given such differences, this study provides insights into which word lists are to be considered in a lexical study for language description purposes. Hence, this study further verifies the importance of corpus-based lexical investigations in providing empirical evidences for language description. Keywords: corpus; lexical features; specialised corpus; language description; word lists analysis

A Corpus-based Lexical Study of Contemporary Feminist Short-Story Writers: with Special Reference to Alice Munro

ملخص يعتبر هذا البحث دراسة نحوية مبنية علي علم المدونات لخصائص القصة القصيرة لللأدب النسوي مع الاشارة للکاتبة النسوية أليس مانرو. تهدف الدراسة إلي الکشف عن السمات اللغوية و تحديد المواضيع المتکررة التي غالبا ما تتناولها الکاتبة والتي تتعلق بالظروف المتدهورة للمرأة خلال القرن العشرين. يتم التحليل عن طريق القاء الضوء علي الالفاظ الأکثر شيوعا بالإضافة إلي البحث عن معانيها اللفظية و الدلالية و ملامحها المعجمية المختلفة و مدي دقتها في التعبير عن اتجاهات الکاتبة. بالإضافة الي ذلک, يلقي البحث الضوء علي أهمية إختيار الألفاظ في في تصوير الهوية الأنثوية التي تبناها أليس مونرو والتي تسود في معظم کتاباتها.ويعتمد البحث في الجانب التطبيقي على نظرية تحليل الألفاظ التي تبناها فيرث. Abstract This research is a corpus-based study of the lexical features in the short stories of the contemporary female Canadian feminist writer Alice Munro. The aim of the study is to specify recurrent themes related to the deteriorated conditions of women throughout the twentieth century through her lexical choices. The lexical analysis isanalyzedin terms of collocations, concordances, and lexical sets that are frequently used to convey such themes. In addition, the denotations and connotations of the most and the least frequent lexical items with various lexical features are analyzed. Throughout the analysis, special attention is devoted to how these lexical choices help portraying the feminine identity adopted by Alice Munro and prevailing in most of her writings. This is processed using AntConc 3.4.4 software.

Pares léxicos en el léxico disponible de estudiantes italianos

The application of lexical availability studies to the field of psycholinguistics continues to produce interesting outcomes. Recent research, in fact, employs data from this kind of studies in order to qualitatively analyze the lexical-semantic relations that informants establish between words. Our study will analyze a type of minimal clusters or lexical pairs, such as perro - gato or carne - pescado , in two semantic areas ( Alimentos y bebidas and Animales ); in doing so, it seeks to contribute to current discussion by proposing new data to show that words will be organized in more structured semantic networks as proficiency of foreign students increases. This hypothesis is based on recent studies on lexical acquisition. Our study analyzes the lexical pairs established by Italian students of Spanish, distributed in two groups according to their academic level, and employs data collected from their availablewords.

Consideraciones sobre la polivalencia del término asociación desde la perspectiva neurocognitiva del léxico

&lt;p&gt;The concepts of association and associative are present in lexical studies since the dawn of modern linguistics. They have been the subject of multiple conceptual interpretations but not without problems. Both conceptions of associative relationship as a connection between the two psychological faces of the linguistic sign and as in absentia relationships coexist, especially in Linguistics dictionaries, with the interpretation (almost opposite) as connotation or, in other words, as a sense relationship which lies outside of word meaning. In contrast, current advances in the neurocognitive research of the lexicon, which have contributed to the reconstruction of the semantic system from a cerebral perspective, lead us necessarily to a new interpretation of these notions that is transferred from the word level to its formal and semantic traits.&lt;/p&gt;

Derivatives of the Root n-k-ḥ (Relating to women) in the Qur'an: A Lexical and Contextual Study

This study is composed of four parts, the first of which outlines the objectives, parameters, and methodology that inform the research. The second part discusses the semantic range of the root n-k-ḥ as it occurs in Arabic lexicons and its contextual use in Arabic Speech. Part three deals with words derived from this root that relate to women as they occur in the Qur'an in the following typologies: al-marʾa al-mankūḥa, al-marʾa munkaḥa, al-marʾa al-mustankiḥa, al-marʾa al-nākih, and al-nikāḥ. The fourth and final part offers a concluding summary of the study and suggestions for further research.

The dialect of São João da Chapada: Possible remains of a mining language in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract This article focuses on the analysis of a specific vocabulary, possibly the remains of a mining language spoken by descendants of Africans. It analyzes 149 lexical items that were registered in the 1920s in a rural region of Minas Gerais, near the city of Diamantina. Based on earlier historical and linguistic studies, as well as on dictionaries of relevant African languages, the lexical study aims to analyze 149 words and expressions in order to verify the etymologies, and determine whether they fit the demographic data available on the origins of the slave population in this area. The second aim is to analyze the distribution of the lexical items in different semantic domains and word classes and compare the observed tendencies, as well as other linguistic characteristics and social functions, with other mining languages and/or similar Afro-Brazilian and Afro-European varieties. The results indicate that Umbundu maintained a high status in the area, and that this variety was not limited to mining activities, but was probably used in everyday life as a secret code that was part of the strategies of resistance among slaves.

Vel non legi, vel saltuatim tantum

The Latin poems by Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter, engraver, poet, and scholar are not very well known. Their Christian author confessed in her Eukleria seu Meliores Partis Electio (Eucleria, or Choosing the Better Part) she had only read Greek and Latin authors who met the demands of serious Christian morals. Close lexical study of her Latin poems prove that she actually read some other Latin texts that were not suitable for her own high moral standards.

Finding a model for contrastive lexical semantics: A look at verbal communication verbs

A basic problem for contrastive lexical studies in general is to find a model for the semantic analysis. This paper is one in a series of corpus-based contrastive studies of the field of Verbal Communication Verbs (VCVs) in English and Swedish. Searle’s classification of speech acts serves as an important starting point but is not directly concerned with lexical structure, which is a major concern for the two theories that are compared in this study. FrameNet based on Fillmore’s theory of semantic frames and Wierzbicka’s theory of semantic primitives (or “primes”). The theories are applied and tested on data from the English Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) containing English and Swedish original texts together with their translations into the other language. Primarily two groups of English verbs and their Swedish correspondents will be analyzed: (1) Information verbs such as tell, inform, notify, report, narrate and describe and (2) Speech activity verbs such as talk, speak, chat, converse, gossip, discuss, debate, negotiate and bargain. There is also an analysis of Swedish berätta ‘tell, narrate’ based on the Multilingual Parallel Corpus (MPC) as an example of multilingual contrastive analysis. Frames relate in a clear way the conceptual structure and the syntactic argument structure, which is very useful in a contrastive study. However, the definition of the meaning of individual verbs is incomplete and needs to be complemented with some kind of decompositional analysis such as the theory of semantic primes. A special section is devoted to an analysis of a large number of compound and derived forms of the Swedish verb tala ‘speak’ and a discussion of how contrasts in morphological structure can affect the lexical contrasts between two languages.