Общемонгольская лексика в названиях предметов одежды и украшений в «Сокровенном сказании монголов»

Abstract

The article deals with the vocabulary which was used for the denotation of pieces of clothing and adornments in The Secret History of the Mongols. The study aims to analyze — where possible — the etymology of the lexical items in question or, at least, if the relevant data are not available, find respective lexical parallels in the modern Khalkha, Buryat and Kalmyk languages, figure out whether they belong to the common Mongolic vocabulary, and draw conclusions concerning the way the layer of household vocabulary has been formed in the Mongoliс languages. Being the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language, The Secret History of the Mongols has been thoroughly studied, and dozens of articles, monographs and other works of scholarship have been published since the 19th century when this written artifact was introduced into European scientific discourse by Palladius (Kafarov), a Russian Orthodox monk and, by a twist of fate, one of the first Russian sinologists. Still, there are no lexical studies specifically focusing on the 13th-century household vocabulary which has left traces in The Secret History of the Mongols, while research of that kind could give clues to the so called ‘Altaic problem’. The article is intended to fill this gap (partially). The paper examines the following lexical items: deel/degel ‘long garment, dress, gown, robe; clothes’, qubcasun/qubca ‘clothes’, emusgel ‘garment’, daqu ‘coat with fur outside’, ormuge/ormege ‘overcoat, bast mat’, nemurge ‘raincoat’, heligebci ‘abdominal band’, emudun ‘pants’, camca ‘shirt’, dotoaǰi ‘underwear’, buse ‘belt’, γudusu(n) ‘footwear’, ǰaqa ‘collar’, qancu(n) ‘sleeve’, qormoi ‘bottom of one’s item of clothing’, maqalay ‘hat’, eemeg ‘earring’. It has been found that all the words listed have common Mongolic stems, and the words daqu ‘coat with fur outside’, ormuge/ormege ‘overcoat, bast mat’, and ǰaqa ‘collar’ are related to their common Turkic equivalents.