Lexical-semantic Groups Research Articles

Системна класифікація бібліотечно-бібліографічних термінів

The article studies thematic groups of library science and bibliographic terminology that contributes to systematization of the named terminological system. The structure of the analyzed terminological groups, their peculiarities and quantitative characteristics are outlined. There have been collected the terms that differ in their structure: single-word (simple and complex) and consisting of many words (expressed by phrases). For example: indeksuvannia (indexing), ekspres-katalogizatsia (express cataloging), vydavnytcha produktsia (printed output), etc. However, we do not aim to consider the terms of library science and bibliography in this perspective. We would consider these terms by their meaning. Such analysis has enabled us to allocate 10 groups whose meanings are encoded in the core term of the compound structure. These terms include: types of bibliographic manuals and indexes (120 terms), terms to designate editions (113 terms), names of systems and classifications (88 terms), names of types of catalogs and card files (69 terms), terms to designate information (50 terms), titles designating types and kinds of libraries (49 terms), terms for designating types of bibliography (48 terms), names of document types (36 terms), names for the types of library funds (33 terms), titles of library services units (11 terms). Thus, having considered the groups of library science and bibliographic terms in which the primary meaning is encoded in the core term, we have discovered 10 lexical-semantic groups with different numbers of scientific nominations. The largest number of terms (there are 120 units) is used to indicate the types of bibliographic manuals and indexes. The smallest number of terms, there are 11, denote the names of the units of the library services. All this data characterizes the library science and bibliographic terms as a system that has its own distinct structure, hierarchy, and verbal content.

НЕМОТИВОВАНІ СКЛАДНОНУЛЬСУФІКСАЛЬНІ АД’ЄКТИВИ З ДРУГИМ НЕСОМАТИЧНИМ КОМПОНЕНТОМ НА ОЗНАЧЕННЯ ЛЮДИНИ

The article outlines the derivational, structural-semantic and functional properties of usual and individual-authorial adjectival composites with a materially non-marked suffix with the first adjectival and the second substantive component, denoting a characteristic of a person and having basically non-somatic notion of anthroponymic and non-anthroponymic character. Adjectival composites with the first adjectival and the second substantive component occupy a noticeable place among adjectival derivatives formed with the participation of a zero-suffix formant. So far, composites of the investigated word-formative type in general and complex-zero-suffixal adjectives with a materially non-marked formant in particular have never been the subject of a special study, which determines the relevancy of the chosen topic. The purpose of the article is to define the word-usage frequency of the corresponding complex-zero-suffixal adjectival derivatives, to find out their place, role, specificity of functioning in the modern Ukrainian language, to elucidate their derivational, structural-semantic and functional properties. The achievement of the stated goal involves solving of the following tasks: to determine the peculiar properties of the motivation of the derivatives under study, to analyze the external valency, as well as to find out their pragmatic potential. The conducted analysis of the complex-zero-suffixal adjectival derivatives has revealed the following tendencies: among the composites of the lexical-semantic group being studied, only opaque (non-motivated) composites function actively, while we have not noticed motivated and semi-motivated lexical items among them. Complex-zero-suffixal adjectives have broad co-occurrence and extensively implement their figurative (allegoric) meanings. On the whole, the corresponding composites, entering into distribution with the nouns denoting a person, gain pejorative meaning, becoming the markers of negative evaluation and disparagement. Sometimes it happens that the units under study come into distribution with the nouns denoting the phenomena of nature, realizing a new figurative idiomatic meaning – “the revival” of the nonliving, thus replenishing the corpus of epithets and contributing to the enrichment of the poetic language imagery.

ПОЛЬСЬКІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ФІТОНІМІЇ

The article is dedicated to the study of the formation of phytonymous borrowings of Polish origin. The topicality of the chosen subject is determined by the need to deepen and systematize the data of etymological research of Ukrainian phytonymous borrowings of Polish origin. The aim of the study is to establish ways of archaic groups’ forming of the vocabulary of the modern Ukrainian language of the Western-Slavic origin. The following tasks depended of the aim. – to establish the ways of borrowing of Phytonymous Nomenclature in the Ukrainian language; – to identify the diachronic models of semantic changes in the Proto-Indo-European stems (roots), to which modern Ukrainian plant names are concerned. The botanic borrowings of Polish origin are analized. The research proves that semantic modifications, as in other groups of East-Slavonic botanical names, occur under certain dynamic motivational models (form → name by form, plant → plant, action → subject of action → name by subject, action → object of action → name of object, animal (bird) → name in form, form → habitat → name by place, place → name by place, plant → part of plant → name by part, etc.), and it is accompanied by a number of specific semantic modifications primarily inherent to individual lexical-semantic groups of botanical vocabulary. So, the necessity for the further study of botanical borrowings, is that the motivational foundations, called derivatives, lead to more profound semantic analysis of this lexical-semantic group of words, and also contribute to the further study of etymological character. The requirements of comparative-historical, etymological study of the Slavonic vocabulary arise the task of developing of a more precise lexical and terminological approach to interlingual synonymy phenomena, lexical and semantic parallels, models of nomination (motivational models), search for other permanent inter-system semantic relations. Etymological dictionaries and special lexicological studies of Slavonic languages create a sufficiently enough base for it and contain valuable personal observations that require systematization and theoretical substantiation.

ШАГ ЯК ОДИНИЦЯ ДИСКУРСУ ГРОШОВИХ ВІДНОСИН СХІДНОСЛОВ’ЯНСЬКОГО МОВНОГО ПРОСТОРУ

The article analyzes the interdisciplinary object of research, which is interesting for the modern globalized era. These are monetary nominations that reflect the material and spiritual culture of the everyday life of nations and are manifested in the types of discourse of monetary relations. The purpose of this study is lexicographic, historical and discursive analysis of the semantics of the monetary nomination SHAH. This name arose in the East Slavic language space and denoted the monetary unit of small-scale. The monetary nomination SHAH is fixed on the material of the vocabulary articles of East Slavic lexicography, in printed numismatic directories and in various types of discourse. It is noted that the semantics of the metaphorical SHAH is associated with the original value of ‘step’ and the secondary one is ‘the smallest currency (most commonly coin) in circulation among the main population of the country’. The SHAH is a member of the lexical-semantic group, which is characterized by the common historical meaning of ‘small amounts of money’: tryhroshevyk (troyak), pivkopiyky, hrish, denha, postage stamp, miniature. The lexeme SHAH in the sense of the monetary unit has become outdated with time; instead, after the revolution, the significance of the SHAH as a move, the portable significance of an unbridled forward movement, which corresponded to the ideology of Soviet politics, was actualized. The notion of the smallest small money was replaced by the Russian and subsequently all-Soviet nomination of a kopiyka. However, the linguistic memory of the Eastern Slavs retained the remote semantic connections of the notion of money with a postage stamp (postal payment sign).

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ГРУПИ НАЗВ ЗНАРЯДЬ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНИХ ІЗ ПРЯДІННЯМ, У СЕРЕДНЬОНАДДНІПРЯНСЬКИХ ГОВІРКАХ

Summary. Introduction. The author has researched the thematic group of weaving vocabulary, which allows to describe the composition of its units and has systematized relations within this group in more detail, has studied active processes in speech, and has revealed archaic elements.Purpose. The purpose is to provide lexical and semantic characteristics of the names associated with spinning, to identify the systemic links of the studied nomens, their semantics and variability in the Middle Dnieper dialects.Methods. The author used such methods as descriptive, component, structural, and the method of contextual analysis.Results. Lexical-semantic groups of names for the designation of the names of tools, their parts, yarns and threads are different in their structure: lexemes; attributive and substantive phrases. Most of the names are related to weaving, and some are common ones that have acquired specialized meaning, replacing already by the forgotten names. Common nomens that have acquired terminological meaning reflect the word-forming capabilities of spoken language and the dynamics of vocabulary. Poly-semantic lexemes are recorded. Some of the attested nomens show the areal (territorial) differentiation, and in the Middle Dnieper dialects there are different word-formation, phonetic, accentuation and grammatical variants. Originality. For the first time the article has presented and clarified the lexical and semantic groups of the names of tools, spins, and threads associated with spinning found in the Middle Dnieper dialects. In the course of the research the features of representation have been found out; the systematic connections of the studied nomens, their semantics, variability and areal characteristics have been revealed.Conclusion. In the course of the research, it has been found that the names of tools, spins and threads in the Middle Dnieper dialects are dominated by one-word terms and common words. The semes have been represented by the two-word formations showing the desire of the speakers to provide more complete information about the denotation. Much of the terms are ambiguous and formed by a semantic way, including transference. The phonetic, grammatical, accentuational and word-forming variability of the names is revealed, due to both the ability of the speakers to create individually, caused by the system of dialects, and inter-dialect contacts.

ГНІЗДОВИЙ ПРИНЦИП КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ АХРОМАТИЧНИХ КОЛІРНИХ ДЕРИВАТІВ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПСИХОБІОГРАФІЧНИХ РОМАНІВ СТЕПАНА ПРОЦЮКА)

Summary. Introduction. Modern derivatology seeks to systematically analyze the processes of word formation, taking into account the role of the forming basis and derivative formant, which involves the application of the nesting approach. The research base is actively supplemented by the works of postmodern discourse, which are sufficiently represented by the name of colors and their derivatives. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze achromatic color derivatives in Stepan Protsyuk’s psychologically biographical novels according to the nesting principle.Methods. To achieve this goal involved the following methods: linguistic description, method of component and contextual analysis, linear and nonlinear methods of derivation.Results. The nesting principle of classification represented in the work made it possible to characterize not only derivative but also semantic features of derivative words, ensured clarification of the word-forming potential of basic colors. Eight word forming nests denoting achromatic colors with non-derivative nucleus such as білий, чорний, блідий, сірий, темний, рябий, сивий and the derivative nuclei (світ)лий are differentiated. All word-forming nests are characterized by the quantitative and qualitative composition of the nomenclature, the degree of derivation (tacts) and the productivity of the ways of word-building. The derivative words are arranged according to the part of speech in the following order: adjectives, nouns, verbs, adverbs, compound words, where the component is achromatic color. Word-formative means are defined for each color derivative. The results of the research are presented in tables.Originality. The originality of the scientific research lies in the complex analysis of word-forming nests of achromatic colors in Stepan Protsіuk’s psychologically biographical novels about Ukrainian writers – Vasyl Stefanyk («The rose of ritual pain») and Arkhyp Teslenko («Black Apple»).Conclusion. It is concluded that the lexical-semantic group of achromatic colors in S. Protsyuk’s novels has a diverse structure. Each word-forming nest is analyzed according to the degree of derivation (tact) and productivity of the word-building way, presented in the form of a table. The productivity of the word-building ways was determined: suffixation (53%), compounding (29%), prefixation (15%), postfixation (1,5%), non-affixation (1,5%). By morphological principle, four types of color derivatives are distinguished: derivative adjectives, different forms of verbs, nouns, adverbs. The word-formative chains and pairs are characterized, the word-forming and semantic changes of the color derivatives are described. Examples of the use of new colors in the novels are given. We see the prospect of further scientific research in the study of chromatic color derivatives by the nesting principle.

ПРИНЯТЫЕ – ЛЮДИ ПРОКЛЯТЫЕ: НОМИНАЦИЯ МУЖА, ПРИШЕДШЕГО ЖИТЬ В ДОМ ЖЕНЫ (по материалам архангельских говоров)

The terms of kinship have always been given a lot of attention, including the terms of kinship by marriage. Among the latter, there exist numerous terms for the husband who came to live in his wife’s house. In Arkhangelsk dialects, there have been found about 40 of such terms, plus about 20 collocations. The inventory of terms of any lexical-semantic group is more abundant in dialects than in a literary language due to, primarily, word-forming derivation and also semantic derivation. The article contains a list of lexemes and in detail examines their motivation, which is mainly related to such notions as house , yard , stomach (‘propertyʼ), accept . Besides that, the terms of blood relationship and the terms reflecting the gender-age identification are used. There had to be some special reasons for a man who came to live in his wife's house: poverty, absence of his own home. On the other hand, a woman accepted her husband into her home if she was the only daughter of her parents or a widow. From the point of view of village ethics, the husband had to bring his wife to his house, and not vice versa. Thus, these men were condemned, mainly because they did not have anything of their own. The social status of the ‘adopted’ husband in the family was considered rather low, he often got ‘hurtful’ nicknames. Not only husbands came to someone else’s house, but also orphans and men who cared about the elderly. The same lexemes could combine such meanings as ‘the husband who came to live in his wife’s houseʼ, ‘the adopted childʼ, ‘the man accepted into the family of lone elderly persons as a guardian’ and ‘the mythological creature living in the houseʼ. The material is drawn from the Arkhangelsk Region Dictionary and from the author’s own notes based on field work.

Семантическая характеристика русского глагола по данным НКРЯ

Настоящая статья посвящена семантическим параметрам, используемым при поиске глаголов в Национальном корпусе русского языка (НКРЯ). Автор анализирует лексикально-семантическую группу глаголов и проблемы образования фильтров, применяемых к автоматическому поиску особенной группы глаголов (так наз. вторичных имперфективов). Анализ их семантического описания указывает на существенные недостатки НКРЯ и необходимость усовершенствования семантической разметки.

Structural and Semantic Analysis of Kivertsy District of Volyn Region Residents’ Surnames

The article analyzes surnames recorded in 12 villages of the Kivertsi district, Volyn region.The name-creating word (stem) prearranges the division of surnames into lexical-semantic groups, including the main source of their creation. Accordingly, the study has revealed proper personal names, names of persons by the origin and place of residence, names of persons by the social status or occupation, names of persons by their individual features.
 Nominal surnames predominantly reflect lexical-semantic and morphological ways of creation. This group considers surnames that correspond to full personal names (Sydor, Yakym, Zhdan), coincide with the stems of the abridged/shortened forms of names (Kost', Krat, Fen’), coincide with the stems of abridged-suffixated names (Gryn', Antos', Dorosh), and correspond to diminutive/affectionate or rude forms of names (Yevtushko, Motrunchyk, Petryna).
 In the group of morphological formations, surnames with patronymic (Khomych, Kharkevych, Maryniak) and possessive suffixes (Hnativ, Hrytsyshyn) prevail. Among the surnames that indicate the origin or place of residence of the family founder, there are anthroponyms that name the nationality of the ancestor (Voloshyn, Voloshchuk, Lytvyn), indicate belonging to ancient nationalities and dialect groups (Hotsuliak, Mazur), generally indicate the place of residence (Zavgorodny, Nagorny), name a particular location (Baletskyi, Kozynets, Ostrovchuk).
 The article analyzes the surnames that indicate the social affiliation or occupation of the bearers. Such surnames indicate the class stratification of society (Bohatko, Holets); administrative positions (Voitovych, Yemets); woodworking crafts (Bondar, Kolodiy Mazhar); cooking and food pocessing (Molochnyk, Oliinyk, Pekar); weaving, tailoring, shoemaking (Shapoval, Shvets), making household items (Lynnyk, Kotliar); agriculture (Budnyk, Kozyarchuk, Ogorodnik); building (Hontar, Muliar); trade (Kachmar, Kramar, Chumak), indicate other professions and trades (Voskoboynik, Dekhtiaruk, Zvarych).
 Surnames formed on the basis of the bearers' individual characteristics indicate their physical, mental traits, intellectual level, and behavior features (Hlushko, Kryvyi, Dziuba; Svystun, Struts, Tsymbaliukta, and others).
 The revealed and analyzed surnames preserve information about various historical and socio-economic processes in the life of the Ukrainian people for the descendants.

VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT HAIR IN THE ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES

The article is dedicated to the consideration of the semantic, structural and motivational peculiarities of English idioms with the component hair and singling out the foregrounded features of the corresponding concept. The English concept HAIR is a fragment of the conceptual image of the world, which is reflected in the linguistic picture of the world, namely in its three fragments verbalized by the constituents of the following lexical semantic groups, distinguished according to the somatic feature: head hair, facial hair, body hair. The study is based on the material of phraseological dictionaries of the English language. The analysis of semantic, structural and motivational features of English idioms with the component hair shows that they are represented by phraseological combinations, units and fusions according to their semantics; according to their structure by nominative (a head of hair), adjectival (Judas hair), adverbial (in one’s hair) and verbal (get by the short hairs) types. The most representative is the lexical semantic group head hair. The lexical semantic group of facial hair is also presented in the selection, for example, old moustache, to raise one’s eyebrows, while idioms with the body hair component have not been recorded. The analysis of motivation of the given idioms has allowed to single out the foregrounded features of the concept HAIR in the English language, namely, age (gray hairs), thinness of hair (by a hair, in a hair, to a hair), the reaction to emotions (curl somebody’s hair, make one’s hair stand on end) and its value (the very hairs of your head are all numbered).

Semantico-Functional Features of Expressive Derivatives in the Artistic Discourse of V. Makanin

The paper is devoted to the study of semantic and functional features of expressive derivatives, both usual and occasional, in the artistic gist of the novel “Asan” by V. Makanin, as well as their role in structuring the individual-author’s linguistic picture of the world. It has been proven that the derivation of expressive lexemes is the result of improvisation according to established patterns, and that the formation of occasional substantives, adjectives and verbs involved the main methods of the Russian word derivation. It is noted that in the artistic discourse of V. Makanin, in the substantive word-formation, suffixation plays a leading role, which takes place in the sphere of abstractness and includes such lexical-semantic groups as expressive substantives with the meaning of a person, expressive substantives with the meaning of abstracted action or an abstract feature with connotation, as a rule, negative and/or reduced colloquial connotation. While in the sphere of adjectival and verbal word formation, confixation and prefixation, as the formation of expressiveness, is most productive. The paper considers the phenomenon of semantic word formation, describes the formation of semantic derivatives, including in the field of occasional vocabulary. Expressive derivatives in the artistic discourse of V. Makanin are a bright sign of his individual style, an important means of expressing the world view and outlook of the writer.

НЕОЛОГИЗМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО КИТАЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ИНТЕРНЕТ-КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The article is devoted to the study of the Chinese neologisms widely used in the Internet communication. The author summarizes new material on the topic, analyses the lexical units selected in the course of the study of the Chinese Internet discourse. The paper considers the factors influencing the formation of the Internet neologisms in the Chinese language, identifies a number of their lexical-semantic groups. The author makes a conclusion about the inevitability of changes in the word-formation system of the Chinese language under the influence of the Internet environment in the context of linguistic space globalization.

The peculiarities of the military themes explication in the lexical-semantic space of the latest British literary texts

The article contains an integrated linguistic analysis of the genre composing lexical units and structures in contemporary British fiction, namely in literary prose texts on military themes (TMT), on the basis of pragmatic-stylistic, pragmatic-discourse and interpretative approaches. The research aims at the study of the lexical-semantic space of the latest British prose literary TMT, with the focus on the peculiarities of the trinity of its expansion, which includes lexical-semantic, lexical-thematic and lexical-associative directions of the military themes (MT) explication.The peculiarity of contemporary texts on military themes is a different degree of a war theme representation. It can be observed on the levels of macro-, meso- and micro-inclusions in the outline of a literary text. The leitmotiv idea (the problem of military conflicts and their destructive consequences) is encoded in the lexical structures thoroughly chosen by the author. The popularity of MT in the latest fiction texts is predetermined by the conflict actions taking place nowadays. Thus, from the pragmatic-discourse and anthropocentric points of view, the study of these fictional prose texts is extremely relevant given their lexical-semantic peculiarities.The outlining of the lexical-semantic, lexical-thematic and lexical-associative groups contributes to the detailed analysis of the functional representation of the lexical structures in the literary text at the deep and surface levels. The results of the research open the new perspectives to the study of the lexical-semantic structure of British fiction of the beginning of the XXI century from the points of new scientific paradigms.

Лексико-семантические группы глаголов движения в разноструктурных языках (на материале русского и татарского языков)

Лексико-семантические группы глаголов движения в разноструктурных языках (на материале русского и татарского языков)

Лексическая и грамматическая семантика: корпусное статистическое исследование лексико-семантических групп

The paper explores the correlation between lexical and grammatical semantics showcased by the inflexion of close meaning nouns of the Russian language. The basic assumption is as follows: the lexical semantics of a word determines the features of its morphological paradigm, and the totality of lexeme variations in use (the speech paradigm of the word) correlates with the unmotivated structuring of lexical semantic groups in a native speaker’s mind. The correlation between lexical and grammatical semantics conveys itself through the concept of the word’s grammatical profile, herein exemplified by cases of inflexion of several lexical groups of nouns. These are the words that refer to clothing, tools, as well as companies and organisations. The material for statistical and contextual analysis was retrieved from the National Corpus of the Russian language. Firstly, the statistical information is provided on the distribution of the case forms of nouns in removed homonymy zone of the National Corpus of the Russian language. Secondly, the regularities in the distribution of case forms of words are revealed that belong to the same lexical semantic group, and the ways this distribution is affected by the group’s general semantics are found. The word groups concerned proved to differ in their grammatical profiles: the nouns of the «Clothes group» show peculiar statistical characteristics of the accusative and prepositional cases, the «Tools» group – in instrumental and accusative cases, the «Companies, organisations» group – in prepositional and accusative cases respectively. Thirdly, considering the distribution of case forms within each group, a «core group» of the words is identified where standard semantics is supposedly more prototypical. The analysis of grammatical differences found between the words of one semantic group, reveals certain aspects of compositional semantics, which are not always reflected in vocabulary definitions. Conclusions are made about the further possibilities of using case data for current studies of the correlation between lexical and grammatical semantics.

HARBINGERS OF A WEDDING IN THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND MARI SUPERSTITIONS

The paper analyzes the English, Russian and Mari Superstitions connected with the foretelling about wedding. A wedding is a social affair touching the interests of different groups. It changes the compositions of the families. Parents of a newly married couple get new status. The social status of a newly married couple raises and changes a lot both inside and outside the family. The newly married get a number of new duties and responsibilities. Superstitions are prognostic paroemiae in the form of sentences. They cover all spheres of human life, including wedding. The wedding process could be divided into several periods of time: the period before engagement, the preparation for wedding, the day of wedding, and the after-wedding period. The paper considers the first time period before engagement. All superstitions of the English, Russian and Mari languages were divided into three big groups containing semantic fields. The group ‘Signs for Lovers’ includes two semantic fields: ‘Good Signs’ and ‘Bad Signs’. These signs foretell the lovebirds their future together. The group ‘Foretelling about the Wedding’ consists of two semantic fields as well: ‘There Will Be Wedding’ and ‘There Will Be No Wedding’. The superstitions of these fields predict the possibility or impossibility of a wedding on the basis of different factors. The group ‘Instructions to Attract Wedding’ gives instructions to unmarried girls and to the brides who can help their friends to get married. All semantic fields contain several lexical semantic groups. Superstitions containing the Harbingers of a Wedding may play different functions. Among the superstitions under analysis there are prognostic, preventive and advising superstitions.

АНГЛИЙСКИЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ В КОГНИТИВНОМ АСПЕКТЕ

In the article, some results of the conducted experimental research on revealing the semantic structure of the English verbs of the lexico-semantic group of imagination from the perspective of the cognitive approach are presented. By the example of the verbs imagine and fancy , the interaction of the micro-frames of related lexemes, where the difference in cognitive-propositional constructions similar in structure and the set of features is achieved due to the different correlation of their constituent features, is shown. The meta-language developed specifically for the vocabulary stratum under consideration has made it possible to solve the problem of distinguishing between the use of the synonymous units of the lexical-semantic group of the verbs of imagination in the English language and has allowed characterizing in detail their area of denotation.

Names of colors in the texts of online editions for women: origin, semantics, functions?

Background. Because of their anthropocentricity, color names belong to language universals and are the part of active lexicon. The purpose of this article is to characterize the actual qualities of the lexical-semantic group of color names, sources, and ways of their replenishment with the help of structural, descriptive, and comparative research methods on the material of online resources entertaining and informational texts for women. The language of the media seems to be a sign of progressiveness and intellectualism; hence, speakers eagerly follow it, satisfying their communicative and cognitive demands.The main results of this study are as follows:1) the structure of a slick magazine for women involves an increasing reduction in size of the verbal component of the message; however, its information weight, on the contrary, increases;2) the name of color is intended to perform not the primary ‒ reference ‒function, but becomes a means of manipulation, forming a demand for the desirable reality of the audience. The critical manifestation of this tendency is the appearance of color names correlated with non-ens;3) analysis of the frequency of color names usage shows that tokens on the designation of “pure” colors belong to the rarely used ones. The quantitative composition of the microsystem of the main colors and means for indicating the intensity of the expression of color is completely correlated with public tastes and preferences: the more important and widespread the realia is, the greater the number of tokens are used on its designation;4) we can state the significant replenishment of the corpus of the names of colors due to: a) development of the new meanings of polysemic words (there is a figurative component of the meaning resulting from the metaphorical transfer that forms the content of the new concept) and b) lexical borrowings from other languages, most often by transliterating or modeling words and constructions after foreign patterns. Therefore, the composition of the origin of the analyzed lexical-semantic group is rather diverse: there are both long-established nominations (though they are in minority) and lexemes-neologisms, the appearance of which is not caused by internal-language factors but subordinated to the commercial nature of these media.Discussion. The studying of a short-period dynamics of the only one lexical-semantic group suggests wider conclusions and generalizations, which go far beyond the borders of lexicology. In particular, today the Ukrainian-language segment of Internet resources for women is largely unoriginal in nature, duplicating Russian or English editions. The often-used method of automatic translation of the text without proper editing gradually distorts the linguistic image of this sphere and provokes the deformation of the readers’ linguistic image of the world at different levels ‒ from the erosion of spelling norms to the destruction of grammar rules. The bad quality of the language of such texts cannot be justified by their “lack of seriousness” or entertaining character, because the media of any genre, and especially targeted at the mass consumer, not only enrich his/her language world but also easily form the stereotypes that determine the continuity in the minds of the whole society cultural and linguistic traditions.Article received 10.01.2018

КОННОТАТИВНЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ ГРУППЫ «ГЛАЗ» В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И ТАТАРСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

The article is aimed at the consideration of the connection of language and culture represented by national and cultural connotations. The study of connotative meanings promotes the identification of culturally significant information, which is one of the criteria of the determination of the level of language proficiency and a favorable condition for intercultural communication. This article presents the results of the comparative analysis of the English lexical-semantic group “eye” and the Tatar lexical-semantic group “ күз ”. The detailed study of the semantic structures of these lexical-semantic groups enables to identify the typology of national-connotative meanings in English and Tatar. The work also notes differential connotative meanings, which determine the degree of correlation and divergence of cultural codes of representatives of different nationalities and ethnic groups, such as English and Tatar.

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКАЯ ГРУППА «СРЕДСТВА ПЕРЕДВИЖЕНИЯ» В ЭВЕНКИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article touches upon a fragment of the linguistic worldview of the Evenks, in whose spatial view the knowledge of vehicles, represented in the language, is concentrated. The author considers the results of the study of the structure of the lexical-semantic field “vehicles” according to the data of the Evenk language dictionaries and expedition materials. As a result of the examination of the lexical-semantic field “vehicles” in the Evenk language, the paper identifies three lexical-semantic groups: “dog sleds”, “skis”, “boat”, in which lexical units are united around the central word.