Levene's Test Research Articles

The effect of different methods of cleansing temporary cement (with and without eugenol) on the final bond strength of implant-supported zirconia copings after final cementation: An in vitro study.

The temporary cement remaining inside the dental prosthesis can act as a source of microbial colonization and contamination and decrease the final cement retention. Consequently, complete removal of temporary cement before permanent cementation is suggested. This study aimed to assess the effect of different cleaning methods for removing temporary cement on the tensile bond force (TBF) of permanently cemented implant-supported zirconia copings. In this in vitro study fifty titanium abutments were screwed onto 50 analogs with 30 Ncm torque into in acrylic resin blocks. Each abutment was scanned separately, and 50 zirconia copings were designed and milled. Permanent resin cement was used to cement copings of control group (N = 10). Copings were divided into two temporary cementation types that in each group, two cleansing methods were used: Temp-S (temporary cement with eugenol and sandblasted after debonding), Samples of the control group were placed in the universal testing machine, and the TBF values were recorded. Samples of the test groups after debonding and cleaning the abutments were subjected to cement with permanent resin cement, aging, and removing. Levene test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tamhane post hoc tests were applied. α = 0.05. The highest and lowest TBF values were found for the TempNE-SU (554.7 ± 31.5 N) and Temp-S (492.2 ± 48 N) groups, respectively. The two groups of isopropyl alcohol baths in ultrasonics in combination with sandblasting showed statistically higher TBF values than the other two groups that used only sandblasting (P < 0.001) and had similar values compared to the control group. Sandblasting combined with immersion in an ultrasonic bath containing isopropyl alcohol resulted in statistically similar values to the values of cementation with resin cement from the beginning. However, cleaning the inside of the copings only by sandblasting method reduced the values of the final retention force in comparison to cement with permanent resin cement from the beginning.

Cone-beam computed tomography texture analysis can help differentiate odontogenic and non-odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.

This study aimed to assess texture analysis (TA) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images as a quantitative tool for the differential diagnosis of odontogenic and non-odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OS and NOS, respectively). CBCT images of 40 patients diagnosed with OS (N=20) and NOS (N=20) were evaluated. The gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) matrix parameters, and gray level run length matrix texture (GLRLM) parameters were extracted using manually placed regions of interest on lesion images. Seven texture parameters were calculated using GLCM and 4 parameters using GLRLM. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons between the groups, and the Levene test was performed to confirm the homogeneity of variance (α=5%). The results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the OS and NOS patients regarding 3 TA parameters. NOS patients presented higher values for contrast, while OS patients presented higher values for correlation and inverse difference moment. Greater textural homogeneity was observed in the OS patients than in the NOS patients, with statistically significant differences in standard deviations between the groups for correlation, sum of squares, sum of entropy, and entropy. TA enabled quantitative differentiation between OS and NOS on CBCT images by using the parameters of contrast, correlation, and inverse difference moment.

EFFECT OF PH ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES USED TO MANUFACTURE DENTAL ALIGNERS. IN VITRO STUDY

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of pH on the mechanical properties of three different acetates brands used to manufacture dental aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 27 specimens of thermoformed acetates of the brands Zendura A., Dentsply Sirona and Valdi were incubated in artificial saliva at 37°C in a Shel-Lab 1510E incubator and immersed twice a day for 5 minutes in beverages with different pH levels to measure its elastic limit on days 0, 7 and 14. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL: Data analysis was performed using the KolmorogovSmirnov and Levene tests, and later with analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple comparisons post -hoc with the Sheffe test and the Friedman statistical test for paired samples; all with a significance level of 0.05 using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 statistical package. RESULTS: The elastic limit measurements on days 7 and 14 indicate significant differences between the different pHs and are not consistent between the three brands of acetates. The Zendura A brand at neutral pH increased and then recovered to 99%, at acidic pH it decreased to 85% then 64%, and at alkaline pH it increased more than half, then returned to 105% of baseline. The Dentsply Sirona brand in neutral pH had a decrease and then recovered to 96%, in acidic pH it increased progressively to 113% and 118%, and in alkaline pH it decreased to 69% to later recover to 84%. The Valdi brand in all groups increased and at the end was recovered, in neutral pH to 92%, in acidic pH to 87%, and in alkaline pH to 80% with respect to the initial value. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanical properties of the aligners vary and may be affected depending on the pH to which they are subjected, having variability in their elastic limit. The specimens subjected to acidic and alkaline drinks had a greater decrease in their elastic limit when compared to those subjected to neutral pH. In general, it was possible to observe that the specimens increased their elastic limit on day 7 and then approached their initial value on day 14.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIFE SKILLS COUNSELLING IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING

Tremendous growth in technology, as part of the dynamics of globalization, can lead to gaps in student learning. Students tend to seek information and instant gratification through technological tools that have a major impact on their learning approaches, making it more difficult for them to be self-regulated learners. The aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of life skills counseling approach in enhancing the ability of self-regulated learning for high school students. This research is an experimental design by using randomized pretest-posttest with control group. The participants of this study consisted of 54 students of Senior High School level who were in the tenth grade. The data of the study were collected by the Scale of self-regulation in learning. Data analysis is used by two stages. First, data analysis for testing required statistical assumptions, ie test of data distribution normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test technique and homogeneity test of variance with Levene test. Second, data analysis for testing of research hypotheses conducted with Independent Sample t-test. The study shows that the life skills counseling has a meaningful effect on self-regulated learning. The average score of the experimental group was higher than the control group on all components of self-regulated learning.

Sekiz Farklı Dezenfeksiyon Yönteminin Akrilik Reçinelerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Eğilme Mukavemetine Etkisi: İn Vitro Çalışma

Objective: The method used to clean and disinfect dentures can affect the surface properties and flexural strength of dentures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight different disinfection methods on the surface roughness and flexural strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Material and Methods: A total of 108 acrylic resin blocks were divided into nine groups (n=12) according to disinfection procedure: Group 1: distilled water (control group), Group 2: 100% white vinegar, Group 3: 50% white vinegar, Group 4: 2% glutaraldehyde, Group 5: 3% hydrogen peroxide, Group 6: 5% sodium hypochlorite, Group 7: 2% sodium hypochlorite, Group 8: microwave, and Group 9: ultraviolet (UV) light. The effects of the disinfection methods on acrylic resins were examined by analyzing the surface roughness measurement of acrylic resins using a profilometer and the flexural strength values. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests were used to control the normal distribution of the data and the homogeneity of the variances, respectively. The surface roughness and flexural strength values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: There was an increase in surface roughness values in all the groups except the control and UV groups (p>0.05). Decreased flexural strength was found in all the groups except the control, 50% white vinegar solution, and UV groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Only UV sanitizer caused the least negative effect among other disinfection methods in terms of surface roughness and flexural strength.

Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Eksplan Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Kultivar Atlantik pada Medium Murashige and Skoog dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Secara In Vitro

This research was to find out the growth of potato explant (Solanum tuberosum L.) atlantic cultivar after giving concentrations of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) extract and to find out the optimum concentrations of tomato extract for the growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) explant Atlantic cultivar in vitro. This research uses a completely randomized design with a single factor, with 5 concentrations levels : 0%,2%,4%,6%,8%. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Data obtained then in Levene test, then carried analysis of varience test at the 5% real level. The result of this research indicate that giving tomato extract to vegetative growth of potato had not significant of height, the amount of leaves, and the amount of shoots.

Evaluation of surface roughness of resin materials with different contents

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the roughness level of the surfaces of polymerized temporary acrylic resin, standard 3D resin, temporary 3D resin materials with polished and unpolished conditions. Methodology: Thirty samples of 1 cm diameter and 5 mm height cylinders of temporary 3D resin (Alias C &amp; B Temp, Dokuz Kimya, İstanbul, Türkiye) and standard 3D resin (Alias Sharp &amp; Rigid, Dokuz Kimya, Dokuz Kimya, İstanbul, Türkiye) were produced with 3D printer (Photon Mono X, Anycubic). Residual resins were cleaned in Wash &amp; Cure Plus (Anycubic) device using isopropyl alcohol and kept under UV light for 10 minutes in the same device to fully polymerize. Self-curing temporary acrylic resin (Imident, Imicryl, Konya, Türkiye) was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and 30 samples were prepared by transferring them to moulds of the same size. Half of the samples in each material were polished for 90 seconds with the same dentist using polishing paste (Universal Polishing Paste, Ivoclar Vivadent) (n=15). The surface of each sample was measured three times with a 120˚ angle difference using a profilometer (SJ-201, Mitutoyo, Kanagawa, Japan) and the average was taken. Levene test, t test, two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was accepted for statistical significance. Results: Roughness values 1.9173±0.25078 Ra in the Unpolished Temporary 3D Resin group, 0.2807±0.13317 Ra in the Polished Temporary 3D Resin group, 0.7760±0.17175 Ra in the Unpolished Standard 3B Resin group, 0 in the Polished Standard 3D Resin group It was found to be 0.1887±0.08340 Ra, 2.4827±0.79651 Ra in the Unpolished Cold Acryl group, and 0.6307±0.22118 Ra in the Polished Cold Acryl group. Conclusion: The roughness of 3D printed materials is lower than that of conventional temporary acrylic resin and polishing significantly reduced roughness in all groups. How to cite this article: Servi T, Kölüş T. Evaluation of surface roughness of resin materials with different contents. Int Dent Res 2022;12(Suppl.1):120-3 https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.474 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Preoperative Perforator Mapping in DIEP Flaps for Breast Reconstruction. The Impact of New Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Techniques.

Deep inferior epigastric artery flaps (DIEP) represent the gold standard of autologous breast reconstruction. Due to significant variations in vascular anatomy, preoperative perforator mapping (PM) is mandatory in order to ensure the presence of a sufficient perforator within the flap. In this regard, CT angiography (CTA) is currently the method of choice. Therefore, we investigated the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) techniques for preoperative PM in comparison to CTA. Patients underwent PM, utilizing both CTA and CEUS techniques. Documentation included the course of the vascular pedicle through the rectus muscle (M), fascial penetration (F), the subcutaneous plexus (P) and the skin point (SP) on either side of the abdomen. Thus, contrast-enhanced B-Flow (BCEUS), B-Flow ultrasound (BUS), CEUS, color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and CTA were evaluated in terms of the diagnostic consistency and effectiveness of PM. Precision (∆L) was then calculated in relation to the actual intraoperative location. Statistical analysis included Kruskall-Wallis, Levene and Bonferroni tests, as well as Spearman correlations. A total of 39 DIEP flaps were analyzed. Only CTA (∆L = 2.85 mm) and BCEUS (∆L = 4.57 mm) enabled complete PM, also including P and SP, whereas CDUS, CEUS and BUS enabled clear PM throughout M and F only. Regarding the number of detected perforators, PM techniques are ranked from high to low as follows: CTA, BCEUS, BUS, CEUS and CDUS. CTA and BCEUS showed sufficient diagnostic consistency for SP, P and F, while CDUS and CTA had a superior performance for M. BCEUS offers precise image-controlled surface tags and dynamic information for PM without imposing radiation and may, therefore, be considered a feasible add-on or alternative to CTA. However, BCEUS requires an experienced examiner and is more time-consuming.

Comparative Characteristics of Quality Parameters of Waters of the Oka River in Places of Water Intake of Utility and Drinking Water System in Ryazan

INTRODUCTION: Surface water sources play an important role in supply of large cities with water. Their waters are subject to anthropogenic pollution with different chemical compounds which may be significant risk factors for the health of the population. The article presents the results of comparative sanitary-hygienic characteristics of the water quality of the Oka river in places of water intake of utility and drinking water supply system of Ryazan. Being the only surface source of water supply, the Oka river provides 53% of the total water consumption of the Ryazan population, therefore a rational choice of the place of water intake can have a considerable impact on the effectiveness of water conditioning and purification and on the final quality of drinking water.&#x0D; AIM: To give a comparative sanitary-hygienic characteristic of the water quality of the Oka river in places of the water intake of the utility and drinking water supply system of Ryazan.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative evaluation of the water quality of the Oka river, as a surface source of water supply, was carried out based on the average long-term values of control parameters (organoleptic, microbiological, chemical) and the proportion of samples that do not meet hygienic standards in the sections of three water intakes in Ryazan in 20122019. The average parameters were compared by the method of variance analysis; for paired comparisons, Scheffe and Tamhein criteria were used, taking into account the results of Levene test. The statistical parameters were calculated in SPSS Statistics 19 program.&#x0D; RESULTS: The chemical composition of the Oka river water was characterized by the greatest pollution with iron (2+) and aluminum. The water of Oksky and Borkovskoy water intakes was characterized by higher average concentrations of iron (2+) and ammonia, as well as greater contamination with generalized and thermotolerant coliform bacteria, compared with the water of Sokolovsky water intake.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: A lower initial quality of the water in Oksky and Borkovskoy water intakes may be due to their location in the 'blind' river course characterized by the processes of eutrophication and slowed down water exchange. High concentrations of iron (2+) may be associated with supply of stream water from the underground sources or with anthropogenic pollution.

Implementation of a Web-Based Educational Intervention for Promoting Flipped Classroom Pedagogy: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Flipped classroom pedagogy (FCP) is recognised as an effective and efficient teaching-learning method. However, nursing students and teachers may be hesitant to adopt FCP due to technophobia and time constraints linked to academic and clinical responsibilities. This necessitates the provision of promotional training for adopting FCP. However, there is a dearth of research regarding how the practice of FCP could be promoted and in demonstrating its efficacy in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to examine the educational impact of a web-based education intervention, branded as the Flipped Classroom Navigator (FCN), for promoting FCP in nursing education in Sri Lanka. This mixed-methods study employed pre- and post-training knowledge tests, the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), the Perceived Transfer of Learning Questionnaire survey, and collected students' and teachers' open-ended responses to evaluate the impact of the FCN. Fifty-five undergraduate nursing students and 15 university teachers participated in the study from two state universities in Sri Lanka. Repeated-measures ANOVA, t-tests, Levene's test of homogeneity, Cohen's d, and an inductive thematic approach were employed in the data analysis. Post-training knowledge test scores were significantly higher than the pre-training knowledge test scores indicating improved understanding of FCP. Participants were also highly motivated to learn in the FCN instructional materials. Participants exhibited positive attitudes towards FCN training with transfer of learning to their teaching-learning practice. The inductive thematic analysis identified the following themes: user experiences, FCN learning content, behaviour changes, and suggested improvements. Overall, the FCN enhanced both students' and teachers' knowledge and understanding of FCP in undergraduate nursing education. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01706-7.

Comparison of Color Accuracy between Natural Dentin Substrate and Three Dentin Porcelain Brands of Glass-Matrix Ceramic System (Digital Image Analysis)

Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory study was to differentiate the color of natural dentin (ND) and dentin porcelain (DP) by using three brands of Glass-Matrix Ceramic System (GMCS) by parametric CIE L*, a*, b* system. Materials and methods: An extracted human upper central incisor was prepared as a control group. Uniformly thick dentin specimen was taken from the middle coronal third of the labial half longitudinally. Twelve disks of GMCS dentin porcelain were fabricated according to manufactures' instructions by using conventional powder/slurry technique, 4 disks for each group; Feldspathic ceramic VITA VMK 95 (VMK), Leucite-based ceramic VITA VM9 (VM9), and Fluorapatite-based ceramic IPS e.max Ceram IVOCLAR (IEC). ND and DP specimens' thickness were (8×1 mm, shade A3) and (n=4). A digital camera was used to take samples' photos while the color readings were obtained by graphic software. The specimens' colors were measured, and the data were statistically evaluated using Levene's test, One-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons. Results: Parametric CIE L*, a*, b*, and ΔE values of all ceramic disks compared to ND were significantly different even within ceramic brands (P&lt;.05), ΔE were ND &gt; IEC &gt; VMK &gt; VM9. Conclusions: To reproduce ND color by DP needs proper color shade guide selection due to color differences from one brand to another even in the same shade guide tab. Clinical Significance: There is a lack of information on how identical natural dentin color to dentin porcelain is at the same shade guide.

The Effectiveness Of The Descriptive Statistics Module In Online Learning In Computerized Accounting Study Program, Banjarmasin State Polytechnic

Module is considered important in distance learning as a self-study guide for students. The importance of module in the learning process because modules can facilitate students in learning independently or face to face. Based on several explanations regarding the importance of modules in distance learning, the authors are interested in examine the effectiveness of using the descriptive Statistics Module in Online Learning in the Computerized Accounting Study Program, Banjarmasin State Polytechnic. The variables observed by the authors in this study were the learning outcomes of groups of students who were given a module and those who were not given a module in descriptive statistics courses. The two variables were carried out a Normality Test with the purpose of assessing the distribution of data in groups of data or variables, whether the data distribution was normally distributed. From the results of the data normality test, a test of the assumption of homogeneity of variance was then carried out to determine the variance of several populations was the same or not. Then a difference test was carried out to test the differences in the group of students who were given the module and the group of students who were not given the module in learning descriptive statistics courses. The data normality test was carried out using the SPSS Kolmogorov Smirnov Test application on the learning outcomes data for descriptive statistics courses for students who were given a module and those who were not given a module yielded a significance value of 0.101. The significance value of 0.101 was greater than 0.05 so it can be concluded that the research data met the assumption of normality. The homogeneity of variance test was carried out by analyzing the significance value of Levene's Test for Equality of Variance where the significance result was 0.466 so it can be concluded that the data had a homogeneous variance. The final stage of this analysis is to test the difference between the learning outcomes data of student groups who were given modules and not given modules by using the Independent Sample t Test. The test results showed a significance value of 0.021 where the significance value was less than 0.05. Thus it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (H1) that states that "There is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of groups of students who are given a module and not given a module" can be accepted and verified statistically.

Impact of Neonatal Body (Dis)Proportionality Determined by the Cephalization Index (CI) on Gross Motor Development in Children with Down Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Children with Down syndrome (DS) lag behind typical children in the acquisition of developmental milestones, which could differ depending on body proportionality. We aimed to determine the difference in the acquisition of developmental milestones in children with DS with a disproportionate cephalization index (CI) compared to a proportionate CI. We created a motor development model that predicted milestone acquisition times. In this 20-year prospective cohort study, 47 children with DS aged 3 months to 5 years, followed up to 2020, were grouped according to the ratio of head circumference to birth weight (HC/BW) or CI into proportionate (CI &lt; 1.1) and disproportionate (CI ≥ 1.1). We used a modified Munich Functional Developmental Diagnostic Scale that was assessed for reliability and content validity (Levene's test and discriminant analysis) to determine 28 motor milestones. Linear regression was used to predict time to milestone acquisition, controlling for sex, maternal age, and birth weight. Compared to proportionate CI, children with disproportionate CI were delayed in the milestone acquisition of a prone position by 2.81 months, standing before walking by 1.29 months, and a supine position by 1.61 months. Both groups required more time to reach standing after the acquisition of independent walking, but children with disproportionate CI reached those milestones later (4.50 vs. 4.09 months, p &lt; 0.001). Children with disproportionate CI acquired milestones in a predictable order but slower than those with a proportionate CI. Our findings support the need to classify the degree of motor developmental delay in children with DS into unique functional groups rather than rely on clinicians' arbitrary descriptions of the timing of developmental delays in children with DS.

FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PURIFICATION EXTRACT OF MUTMETE SEED (Myristica fragrans) AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

Streptococcus mutans naturally occurs in the human oral cavity, is a microorganism that plays an important role in the initiation of dental caries. One of the efforts to prevent dental caries is the use of natural ingredients that contain antibacterial substances that can interfere with the growth or kill bacteria. Nutmeg is a natural ingredient that has antibacterial properties. Bioactive compounds in nutmeg seeds have antibacterial properties. This research aimed to determine the formulation and concentration of nutmeg seed extract which has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The type of research used is a laboratory experiment with a post test only group design. The treatment group used purified extract of nutmeg seeds with concentrations of 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 7.5%, 5.0%, 2.5%, 1.25%, the positive control group used mouthwash I, T and L. The test was carried out three repetitions at each concentration, then the inhibition zone was measured using the well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the well method, the data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Levene test, the one way annova test and the PST hock test. Obtained the average inhibition of nutmeg seeds against Streptococcus mutans at a concentration of 25% (18.33 mm). 20% concentration (17.16 mm), 15% concentration (16.16 mm), 10% concentration (14.66 mm), 7.5% concentration (13.33 mm), 5% concentration (6.66 mm ), the concentration of 2.5% (2.6 mm) and the smallest concentration of 1.25% had no inhibition (0 mm), while in the control group I (4 mm), T (3 mm) and L (2 mm). The higher the concentration of purified extract of nutmeg seeds, the higher the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. further research on the concentration of nutmeg seed extract preparations was carried out in vivo tests on experimental animals in order to obtain purified extract preparations of nutmeg seeds that are safe and can be an alternative choice in maintaining oral health.

The effect of participation in sports on happiness and loneliness: an analysis of university students during the pandemic

This study aimed to assess whether students who were involved in sports felt happier and less lonely than their peers who were not involved. The sample comprised 549 students who were enrolled in a provincial state university in Turkey, and who volunteered to take part in the study. The survey was comprised of two parts. The first part contained questions to identify gender and the extent of the student’s active and passive participation in sport. Active participation was defined by the status of licensed athlete. The second part comprised the Oxford Happiness questionnaire compact version and the UCLA Loneliness Scale-III. Before the analysis, the Levene test was conducted to confirm the homogeneity of the variances. After determining that the variances were homogeneous, four two-way ANOVAs were carried out to test the hypotheses that students’ active and passive involvement in sport was associated with lower levels of loneliness and higher levels of happiness and that this effect was significantly different for males and females. The results confirmed that both licensed athletes and those who had greater levels of passive involvement in sport reported less loneliness and higher levels of happiness. However, this outcome applied irrespective of the student’s gender.

THE EFFECT OF COMPENSATION SCHEMES, OBEDIENCE PRESSURE, AND SELF-EFFICACY ON BUDGETARY SLACK

Budgetary Slack is the most common problem when preparing a budget. Budgetary Slack occurs when there is a difference between the number of best budget estimates and the total budget proposed by subordinates. Several factors can affect budgetary slack, including compensation schemes, obedience pressure, and self-efficacy. This experimental study examines and analyzes the effect of compensation schemes, obedience pressure, and self-efficacy on budgetary slack. This experiment used a 2x2x2 between-subject experimental design; participant data was obtained by filling out a google form. Testing of participant data was used using Levene's test and univariate ANOVA. The conclusion is that budgetary slack is affected by the compensation scheme. Therefore, managers should be aware of the benefits and drawbacks of the pay plan that the firm will implement in advance.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rhizophora apiculata terhadap Kolesterol Total dan Trigliserida Rattus norvegicus Galur Sprague dawley yang Diinduksi Diet Tinggi Lemak

Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder in the form of an increase and decrease in the lipid fraction which is one of the high-risk factors for coronary heart disease and other non-communicable diseases. Rhizophora apiculata contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, and terpenoid which are thought to have the effect of preventing an increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride. This research is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design carried out for 30 days using 30 experimental animals of Rattus norvegicus Sprague Dawley. There were 6 treatment groups, KN which was only given standard feed, K+ which was given quail egg yolk induction, simvastatin 10 mg/day, and K- which was given quail egg yolk induction. On the other hand, P1, P2, and P3 were given quail egg yolk induction, respectively. and leaf extract of Rhizophora apiculata with doses of 56mg/KgBW,m28mg/KgBW, and 14mg/KgBW. Then the rats were terminated using ketamine xylazine and blood was taken through the heart to be examined for total cholesterol and triglyceride using spectrophotometry. The results of the normality Shapiro-Wilk and Levene test p-value>0.05. In the One-way Anova test, cholesterol levels were 0.006 and triglyceride 0,002 (p-value<0.05), which indicated that there were significant differences between groups. The results of the post hoc LSD test on total cholesterol K- were significantly different from P1 and P2 and triglyceride K- were significantly different from P1, P2, and P3 (p-value<0.05). The administration of Rhizophora apiculata leaf extract had the effect of preventing the increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of rats fed a high-fat diet.

THE EFFECT OF NON-DENTAL GLASS FIBER COMBINATION ON FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PREPOLYMERIZED FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE

Background: Fiber reinforced composite is a combination of composite resin and fiber. Fiber in FRC serves as a reinforcement to be resistant to fractures. One of the fibers used in FRC is dental glass fiber because it can increase mechanical strength. Dental glass fiber is very limited and expensive while glass fiber which available in the market is non dental glass. This material has mechanical properties almost same as dental e-glass fiber used in dentistry, so it can be used as an alternative material FRC. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of flexural strength of non dental glass fiber to prepolymerized fiber reinforced composites. Method: This study used true experimental design with 16 samples. The samples were divided into two groups according to prepolymerized composite resin groups without fiber and prepolymerized composite resins with the addition of non dental glass fiber. Data analysis in this study used the normality test with the Sapiro-Wilk test, levene test and independent t-test. Result: The results were statistically analyzed, the average flexural strength of prepolymerized composite resin without fiber is 36.60 MPa and prepolymerized composite resin with the addition of non dental glass fiber which is 54.26 MPa. Based on the normality test and the levene test values (p&gt; 0.05) and independent t-test values (p &lt;0.05) were obtained. Conclusion: The conclusion obtained that there is an effect of the addition of non dental glass fiber to the flexural strength of prepolymerized fiber reinforced composite.

Fracture resistance of prefabricated versus custom-made zirconia crowns after thermo-mechanical aging: an in-vitro study.

Prefabricated zirconia crowns for a young permanent molar is a child-friendly solution for restoring a permanent molar at a young age. This in-vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of prefabricated versus custom-made permanent molar crowns. 16 identical resin dies were fabricated to receive permanent molar zirconia crowns, dies were divided into 2 groups, 1) received perfricated crowns, 2) custom-made crowns. Thermo-dynamic cycling was performed to simulate 6months in the oral cavity, Fracture resistance of each group was assessed by applying increasing load till fracture. Data were tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests. Data were analyzed using independent t test. No statistically significant difference was found between fracture resistance of prefabricated and custom-made crowns (1793.54 ± 423.82) and (1987.38 ± 414.88) respectively. 3 crowns of the custom-made group fractured with the underlying die, versus zero dies fractured in the prefabricated group. Prefabricated permanent molars zirconia crowns can perform as well as custom-made crowns for an adult in terms of fracture resistance, it is suitable for children and can withstand the occlusal forces of an adult.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK KUNYIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans

The balance between bacteria and components of the mouth cavity must must be maintained in order to remain healthy and no damage such as dental caries. Streptococcus mutans as the main cause of bacteria dental caries, that functioned in the process of carbohydrate fermentation so as to produce acids that eventually cause tooth demineralization. One of the medicinal plants commonly used by the public is turmeric. Turmeric has active compounds can inhibit the growth of bacteria. Methods: Type of research True Experimental Laboratories with research design Post Test Only Control Group Design. This research used turmeric extract concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,12%, 1,56%, 0,78%. The extract is created using maseration method, diluting series with dilution method, calculating MIC and MBC. Results: Test Saphiro Wilk and Levene test showed the value of p&gt; 0.05 shows that the normal distribution of data. One Way Anova test results showed that p &lt;0,05 showed that there was a significant difference overall. LSD test results there is a significant difference between the study groups. Conclusion: Turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) has antibacterial power on growth of Streotococcus mutans bacteria at 3.12% MIC and 6.25% MBC.