Throughput Level Research Articles

To Detect and Isolate the Selective Packet Drop Attack in MANET

The wireless ad hoc network is the self-configuring network; mobile nodes can leave or join the network when they want. These types of networks are much vulnerable to security attacks. Such type of active and passive attacks is possible in Ad hoc network. Among all the possible active attacks, Selective Packet Drop attack is the most common and harmful attack. The attack is triggered by the malicious node which is present in the network. In this research work, novel technique is proposed to detect and isolate malicious nodes from the network which are responsible for triggering the attack. In selective forward attack during transmission some packets gets dropped by the malicious node and that node will be acts as genuine node within the network. So incomplete data will be reach up to the destination. Therefore to detect and isolate malicious node from the network is difficult work to do. In previous work DSR Protocol was used to detect It by calculating the Energy Factor but not able to remove it completely. So, in this research work AODV protocol has been used. The new technique which is used in it is based on the Monitor Mode Approach. Through monitor mode technique messages would be flood across the channel in AODV mode and if any malicious node would be present, then instant acknowledgement would be given to source for retracing the path. This technique enhances the throughput level up to desired extent i.e. approx. 77% and other parameters like delay and packet loss also get reduced

An ultrasonically enhanced inclined settler for microalgae harvesting.

Microalgae have vast potential as a sustainable and scalable source of biofuels and bioproducts. However, algae dewatering is a critical challenge that must be addressed. Ultrasonic settling has already been exploited for concentrating various biological cells at relatively small batch volumes and/or low throughput. Typically, these designs are operated in batch or semicontinuous mode, wherein the flow is interrupted and the cells are subsequently harvested. These batch techniques are not well suited for scaleup to the throughput levels required for harvesting microalgae from the large-scale cultivation operations necessary for a viable algal biofuel industry. This article introduces a novel device for the acoustic harvesting of microalgae. The design is based on the coupling of the acoustophoretic force, acoustic transparent materials, and inclined settling. A filtration efficiency of 70 ± 5% and a concentration factor of 11.6 ± 2.2 were achieved at a flow rate of 25 mL·min(-1) and an energy consumption of 3.6 ± 0.9 kWh·m(-3) . The effects of the applied power, flow rate, inlet cell concentration, and inclination were explored. It was found that the filtration efficiency of the device is proportional to the power applied. However, the filtration efficiency experienced a plateau at 100 W L(-1) of power density applied. The filtration efficiency also increased with increasing inlet cell concentration and was inversely proportional to the flow rate. It was also found that the optimum settling angle for maximum concentration factor occurred at an angle of 50 ± 5°. At these optimum conditions, the device had higher filtration efficiency in comparison to other similar devices reported in the previous literature.

Abstract 4705: Integrating germline cancer predisposition gene testing into routine clinical practice - The Mainstreaming Cancer Genetics programme

Abstract Over 100 cancer predisposition genes with clinical utility are recognised. Testing of these genes is increasingly in demand and is one of the major activities of Clinical Genetics. However, in most countries, testing is very restricted with respect to the number of genes and the number of people tested. Furthermore, the value of genetic testing in individuals with cancer is underappreciated; it provides important information with respect to the cause and optimal treatment of the current cancer, and the risk and optimal management of future cancer. Moreover, testing cancer patients followed by cascade testing of mutation carriers is an effective and efficient way of identifying unaffected mutation carriers in whom screening and risk-reducing strategies can be deployed. The Mainstreaming Cancer Genetics (MCG) Programme is a UK national cross-disciplinary initiative to develop the NGS assays, analytical and interpretive pipelines, clinical infrastructure, training, ethical and evaluation processes required for routine genetic testing to be integrated into cancer patient care. In collaboration with Illumina we have developed a NGS panel targeting 97 cancer predisposition genes with >1500 probes (called the TruSight cancer panel) and have completed detailed evaluation of performance, sensitivity and specificity under different levels of multiplexing, coverage and throughput. We have developed bespoke analytical pipelines developed for high-throughput clinical diagnostic data analysis (called GAMA) and clinical interpretation (called CIGMA). We are implementing a new mixed-model of cancer gene testing whereby consent for medical testing (i.e. in cancer patients) is undertaken by trained oncologists, with only the mutation carriers seen by geneticists. Predictive testing (i.e. in unaffected individuals) continues to be undertaken in genetics. We have developed protocols and e-learning modules to deliver the required training for oncologists to consent for testing. The system is faster and cheaper, whilst retaining flexibility and robustness to provide increased input where required. We are completing a 6 month pilot that has included >100 patients and we are acquiring patient and clinician feedback, the results of which will be presented. www.mcgprogramme.com Citation Format: Nazneen Rahman, The Mainstreaming Cancer Genetics Consortium. Integrating germline cancer predisposition gene testing into routine clinical practice - The Mainstreaming Cancer Genetics programme. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4705. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4705

Buffer allocation and preventive maintenance optimization in unreliable production lines

In this paper, we consider a serial production line consisting of $$n$$n unreliable machines with $$n-1$$n-1 buffers. The objective is to determine the optimal preventive maintenance policy and the optimal buffer allocation that will minimize the total system cost subject to a given system throughput level. We assume that the mean time between failure of all machines will be increased after performing periodic preventive maintenance. An analytical decomposition-type approximation is used to estimate the production line throughput. The optimal design problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization one where the decision variables are buffer levels and times between preventive maintenance. To solve this problem, the extended great deluge algorithm is proposed. Illustrative numerical examples are presented to illustrate the model.

(Invited) Integrating Classical Semiconductor Devices with Si/Sige Quantum Dots

As semiconductor based quantum devices scale up from single to multiple qubits there is an increasing need to integrate classical semiconductor based devices to manage and generate control signals. We discuss progress on integrating field-effect transistors with planar quantum dot devices to achieve a high level of device throughput by creating on-chip multiplexers for our devices. Using the on-chip multiplexers we can overcome the challenge of the limited number of electrical connections available in a typical dilution refrigerator while still working at the milli-Kelvin temperatures necessary for quantum operations. Additionally, we report on recent work on gate designs for scaling up to multiple, coupled Si/SiGe qubits. In particular we discuss the design, fabrication and initial characterization of quadruple quantum dot devices. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office (W911NF-08-1-0482, W911NF-12-1-0607), the United States Department of Defense, and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the US Government. Development and maintenance of the growth facilities used for fabricating samples is supported by DOE (DE-FG02-503ER46028).

On the feasibility to deploy mobile industrial applications using wireless communications

Wireless communications can facilitate the deployment of novel industrial applications to improve productivity or health and safety conditions. Health and safety applications require mobile solutions capable to operate under harsh propagation conditions at low cost and energy consumption. This paper presents the results of an extensive measurement campaign that demonstrate the feasibility to deploy industrial mobile sensing applications with reliable wireless connectivity levels using short-range IEEE 802.15.4. The campaign also analyses the capability of various wireless technologies to provide the throughput levels necessary for wireless local data distribution and backhaul connectivity.

Distributed Throughput Maximization in Wireless Networks Using the Stability Region

In this paper, a game-theoretical framework for the design of distributed algorithms that control the transmission range (TR) of nodes in order to maximize throughput in Wireless Multihop Networks (WMN) is proposed. It is based on the stability region of the link-scheduling policy adopted for the network. The stability region is defined as the set of input-packet rates under which the queues in the network are stable (i.e., positive recurrent). The goal of the TR-control algorithms is to adapt the stability region to a given set of end-to-end flows. In the algorithms, the flows control distributively the nodes' TRs using the stability region in order to enable higher end-to-end packet rates while guaranteeing stability. In order to demonstrate how the algorithms can be designed using the proposed game-theoretical framework, a new TR-control algorithm for IEEE-802.16 WMNs is developed. Its convergence is demonstrated, and a performance bound is calculated. Finally, simulation results show that the algorithm is able to find the optimal TRs more effectively. The TRs achieve throughput levels that are at least 90 percent of the optimal throughput for 72 percent of the simulated scenarios, whereas the classic approach of spatial-reuse maximization does this for 62 percent of the scenarios.

Comparative Performance of Four Methods for High-throughput Glycosylation Analysis of Immunoglobulin G in Genetic and Epidemiological Research

The biological and clinical relevance of glycosylation is becoming increasingly recognized, leading to a growing interest in large-scale clinical and population-based studies. In the past few years, several methods for high-throughput analysis of glycans have been developed, but thorough validation and standardization of these methods is required before significant resources are invested in large-scale studies. In this study, we compared liquid chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, and two MS methods for quantitative profiling of N-glycosylation of IgG in the same data set of 1201 individuals. To evaluate the accuracy of the four methods we then performed analysis of association with genetic polymorphisms and age. Chromatographic methods with either fluorescent or MS-detection yielded slightly stronger associations than MS-only and multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis, but at the expense of lower levels of throughput. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were identified, which should inform the selection of the most appropriate method in future studies.

Optimal Joint Base Station Assignment and Beamforming for Heterogeneous Networks

Consider a downlink MIMO heterogeneous wireless network with multiple cells, each containing many mobile users and a number of base stations with varying capabilities. A central task in the management of such a network is to assign each user to a base station and design a linear transmit strategy to ensure a satisfactory level of network performance. In this work, we propose a formulation for the joint base station assignment and linear transceiver design problem based on the maximization of a system wide utility. We first establish the NP-hardness of the resulting optimization problem for a large family of α-fairness utility functions. Then, we propose an efficient algorithm to approximately solve this problem for a variety of different utility functions. Our numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can achieve significantly higher levels of system throughput and user fairness than what is possible by optimizing the precoders alone.

Mean time imbalance effects on unreliable unpaced serial flow lines

This paper investigates the benefits of deliberately unbalancing operation time means for unreliable non-automated production lines. The lines were simulated with various line lengths, buffer capacities, degrees of imbalance and patterns of imbalance. Data on two performance measures, namely throughput and average buffer level were gathered, analyzed and compared to a balanced line counterpart. A number of conclusions were made with respect to the ranking of configurations, as well as to the relationships among the independent design parameters and the dependent variables. It was found that the best configurations are a balanced line arrangement and a monotone decreasing order, with the first generally resulting in lower throughput and the second leading to lower average buffer levels than those of a balanced line. Preliminary results show that unbalanced lines cope well with unreliability.

DRONEE: Dual-radio opportunistic networking for energy efficiency

Reducing the power consumption of smartphones is becoming more and more important as smartphones become an indispensable component of our daily activities. In this work, we propose a novel scheme, so called DRONEE, that dramatically ameliorates energy efficiency for uplink transmissions, while achieving near-optimal throughput and high fairness levels in cellular networks. Our proposal consists in a novel two-tier uplink forwarding scheme in which users cooperate by forming clusters of dual-radio mobiles for hybrid wireless networks. The impact of our proposal is threefold: (i) energy efficiency is boosted by allowing mobiles to relay the cellular traffic through intra-cluster ad hoc communications, which leads to reduction of power-hungry cellular transmissions; (ii) cellular capacity is augmented by scheduling uplink transmissions from mobiles with the best channel; (iii) almost perfect fairness is achieved by allowing users to share the cellular resources within their cluster. We corroborate the practical relevance of our proposal by providing a first-order discussion on the implementability of DRONEE using LTE and WiFi Direct.

Performance analysis and structured parallelisation of the space–time adaptive processing computational kernel on multi-core architectures

The development of radar systems on general-purpose off-the-shelf parallel hardware represents an effective means of providing efficient implementations with reasonable realisation costs. However, the fulfilment of the required real-time constraints poses serious problems of performance and efficiency: parallel architectures need to be exploited at best, providing scalable parallelisations able to reach the desired throughput and latency levels. In this paper we discuss the implementation issues of the computational kernel of a well-known radar filtering technique – the space–time adaptive processing – on today's general-purpose parallel architectures (multi-/many-core platforms). In order to address the performance constraints imposed by the real-time implementation of this filtering technique, we apply a structured approach (structured parallel programing) to develop parallel computations as instances and compositions of well-known parallelisation patterns. This paper provides a thorough description of the implementation issues and discusses the performance peaks achievable on a broad range of existing multi-core architectures.

Simulation-based Performance Analysis of a Miniload Multishuttle Order Picking System

In today's fluctuating business environment, flexibility, responsiveness, and reconfigurability in the field of warehousing systems are key characteristics as well as the level of automation, cost effectiveness and maximum throughput. The miniload multishuttle system represents relatively a new scalable automated storage and retrieval solution which provides considerable flexibility for adapting throughput capacity to meet market needs. The miniload multishuttle system comprises autonomous vehicles (shuttles), lifts, and a system of rails that facilitate movement of the vehicles in the x and y dimensions in a tier. In this new technology, the shuttles can be moved between different tiers by means of shuttle lifts. Especially in large and complex material flow systems, the modeling problem arises with the interactions between transactions and the collisions between shuttles. An agent-based simulation approach that differs from discrete-event simulation (DES) offers an alternative way to model the autonomous control of the multishuttle system. This research develops a simulation model for the miniload multishuttle order picking system using the multi-agent modeling approach. The main objective of this paper is to create a detailed simulation model and to evaluate the performance of the system in order to support in design process of miniload multishuttle order picking systems.

High-throughput and automatic typing via human papillomavirus identification map for cervical cancer screening and prognosis

A novel human papillomavirus (HPV) typing assay for cervical cancer screening and prognosis was developed by the combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and microchip electrophoresis (MCE) to achieve higher levels of sensitivity and throughput. The detection limit of 2 × 10(2) copies, high sensitivity and typing accuracy on the account of PCR-RFLP-MCE method guarantee the successful diagnosis results of 4-fold higher infection rate over cytologic tests. From clinical samples, eleven kinds of HPV types were identified with a good compatibility degree of over 90%. The described method showed good reliability in clinical samples and provided a promising alternative for pathological studies at the molecular level.

Optically Encoded Multifunctional Nanospheres for One-Pot Separation and Detection of Multiplex DNA Sequences

In this study, we report a simple method for simultaneous detection of multiplex DNA sequences, including complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of HIV and HCV, DNA sequence of HBV, with QDs-encoded fluorescent nanospheres and nano-γ-Fe2O3-coated magnetic nanospheres. Detection was achieved on a fluorescence spectrophotometer without additional auxiliary instruments, and the detection limit was about 100 pM. Here, QDs-encoded fluorescent nanospheres (FNS) with different photoluminescent properties, and magnetic nanospheres (MNS) were separately fabricated by stepwise assembly of hydrophobic QDs or nano-γ-Fe2O3 on the surface of branched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)-coated nanospheres in precisely controlled amounts, finally followed by silica encapsulation. FNS-labeled probe DNAs and MNS-labeled capture DNAs were used to hybridize with the corresponding targets at the same time. After magnetic separation, the sandwich-structured adducts were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the targets could be detected with high sensitivity. This method is convenient, fast enough, and capable of high anti-interference. Therefore, it is expected to be used for simultaneous detection and separation of multiple targets at high levels of purity and throughput.

An integrated release and dispatch policy for semiconductor wafer fabrication

This paper presents an integrated release and dispatch policy for semiconductor wafer fabrication. In this policy, the concept of virtual production lines (VPLs) is first introduced to allocate production time for each process step, and the average queuing time information is derived from the target WIP distribution which is obtained by simulations. Then, a pull VPLs-based effective-workload control (EWL-n-Ctrl) policy is proposed to control the release process, and a queuing time ratio (QTR) rule is put forward to control the dispatch process. The behaviour of EWL-n-Ctrl is analysed using the Mini-Fab model. Results of the numerical experiments show that the integrated release and dispatch policy (EWL-n-Ctrl+QTR) outperforms common rule-based scheduling policies in terms of the average cycle time, the standard deviation of the cycle time and the work in process under a prescribed throughput level. A simulation study into the effect of capacity utilisation levels and product mix ratios is also carried out.

SIMULATION MODELING OF AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION LINES WITH INTERMEDIATE BUFFERS

A production line is an important class of manufacturing system when large quantities of identical or similar products are to be produced. The performance of a production line is highly influenced by machine failures. When a machine fails, it is then be unavailable during a certain amount of time required to repair it. Analysis of production lines divides into three types: analytical, approximation and simulation models. The analytical and approximation models have assumptions, which make these models unrealistic such as reliable workstations, certain processing distribution, the first workstation cannot be starved and the last workstation cannot be blocked. The main problems in production lines treatment are the calculation of throughput and average levels of buffers because of the great size of state space. An analytical model is reviewed to clarify the limitations to use such treatment in real production lines. Simulation modeling of production lines is considered very important for designers interested in: Workload Allocation Problem (WAP), Server Allocation Problem (SAP), and Buffer Allocation Problem (BAP). This paper studies and analyzes the performance keys, which effect on production lines. A simulation model is developed by using ARENA software and used to analyze and test several bottlenecks that are causing severe congestions in different areas on the production line and could resolve all of these bottlenecks. In this paper, an actual cement production line is used as a case study. After a simulation time of 13 days, a simulation results show the line bottlenecks, workstations utilization, buffer capacities and the line production rate. The outputs clarify redesign of allocation of buffers, which verify an optimum size could be made; it might be taken into consideration when designers implement such lines. Finally modified better workstations utilization, buffer capacities and the line production rate with an increase about 15% of the production rate and economizing of 37 % from buffer capacities.

HCNG 충전 시스템 공정모사

수소와 압축천연가스가 30 : 70비율로 혼합되는 HCNG 공급 시스템의 공정모사를 수행하였다. 수소 생산은 천연가스로부터 수증기 개질 공정을 이용하는 방법이며, 수증기 개질반응기 운전조건으로 SCR은 증가할수록 천연가스의 전환율은 증가하지만 SCR이 3이상부터는 큰 차이가 없었고, GHSV는 증가할수록 연료처리량이 증가하지만 전환율은 감소하여 <TEX>$1700h^{-1}$</TEX>일 때 전환율 및 연료처리량이 최적상태가 되었다. CNG는 저압 천연가스가로부터 압축되어 공급되는 시스템이다. 혼합용 수소와 천연가스는 고압상태에서 HCNG로 혼합된다. 수소와 천연가스는 각각 400 bar와 250 bar의 고압으로 압축된다. 고압압축을 위해 단일압축보다 압축소요동력이 적게 사용되는 다단 압축을 사용하였다. 수소와 천연가스압축에 각각 사용된 압축기들의 압축 총 소요 동력을 최소화하는 중간 설정압력으로 각각 61 bar, 65 bar의 중간압력을 도출하였다. In this study, simulation work of HCNG refueling system was performed. The hydrogen was produced from steam reforming process by natural gas. The conversion of natural gas is increased as SCR is increased. but it was no significant difference more than 3 of SCR and fuel throughput is increased as GHSV is increased. Both conversion and fuel throughput levels was optimized when the <TEX>$1700h^{-1}$</TEX> of GHSV. CNG was compressed from low pressure natural gas. For the mixing of <TEX>$H_2$</TEX> and CNG is mixed with the high pressure conditions such as 400bar of <TEX>$H_2$</TEX> and 250bar of natural gas. Single-stage compression was required more power than multi stage. So, multi stage compression was suggested for high pressure compression. We calculated the intermediate pressure to minimize total required power of compressors. The intermediate pressure for <TEX>$H_2$</TEX> and natural gas were derived at 61 and 65 bar, respectively.

Resolving poor pellet quality and maintaining amino acid digestibility in commercial turkey diet feed manufacture

SUMMARY Commercial turkey feed manufacturing often requires high throughput and high levels of fat, resulting in poor pellet quality. Many mills use low mixer-added fat (MAF) to improve ingredient binding and pellet quality, but this technique may decrease feed nutrient digestibility. Two experiments were conducted to determine the best feed manufacture technique (MTECH) to maximize pellet quality and maintain amino acid digestibility of commercial-type turkey diets. Experiment 1 was a 3-binder (binder 1, binder 2, or natural binder) × 2 MTECH [1% MAF + 38.1-mm die (MTECH1) or 3% MAF + 44.9-mm die (MTECH2)] factorial design that used commercial-type turkey starter diets manufactured at West Virginia University’s pilot feed mill. In experiment 1, both binders improved pellet quality. Employing MTECH2 decreased pellet quality (minimally; ~5% modified pellet durability index) and pellet mill electrical energy usage (~15%). Diets that contained binder 1, the marginally better binder, and natural binder used at each MTECH were chosen to test amino acid digestibility using the standardized digestibility assay with cecectomized roosters in experiment 2. The inclusion of binder 1 improved the digestibility of several tested amino acids. There was a binder × MTECH interaction, in that when binder was removed from diets manufactured utilizing MTECH1, the digestibility of some amino acids decreased, whereas MTECH2 maintained high amino acid digestibility regardless of binder.

An Intercell Interference Coordination Scheme in LTE Downlink Networks based on User Priority and Fuzzy Logic System

The Intercell Interference (ICI) problem is one of the main challenges in Long Term Evolution (LTE) downlink system. In order to deal with the ICI problem, this paper proposes a joint resource block and transmit power allocation scheme in LTE downlink networks. The proposed scheme is implemented in three phases: (1) the priority of users is calculated based on interference level, Quality of Service (QoS) and Head of Line (HoL) delay;(2) users in each cell are scheduled on the specified subbands based on their priority; and (3) eNodeBs dynamically control the transmit power using a fuzzy logic system and exchanging messages to each other. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed priority scheme outperforms the existing Reuse Factor one (RF1) and Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) schemes in terms of cell throughput, cell edge user throughput, delay and interference level.