Food Consumption Levels Research Articles

Dietary Effects on Chronic Venous Disease

Diet is fundamental to maintaining and improving human health. There is ample evidence identifying the beneficial and/or harmful effects of diet on noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. However, the associations of the diet to chronic venous disease has not been fully described. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted on 1,571 community-dwelling adults in 2018. Diet intake frequency was assessed using valid food group consumption frequency questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of diet with chronic venous disease. In total, 857 participants were diagnosed with chronic venous disease. Those who ate soybean products daily and 4-6days/week had a 51-31% lower risk of chronic venous disease compared with those who only occasionally consumed soybean food, respectively. Participants who consumed eggs and egg products 1-3days/week versus those who only occasionally ate eggs showed a lower risk of chronic venous disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.542, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.375-0.782]. Eating fried food 4-6days each week was associated with an increased risk of chronic venous disease (OR 3.872, 95% CI 1.263-11.599) compared with those who only occasionally ate fried foods. There is a decreasing tendency of the adjusted OR for eating soybean products daily with the severity of disease [chronic venous disease (C0-C2): OR 0.575, 95% CI 0.408-0.812; chronic venous insufficiency (C3-C6): OR 0.222, 95% CI 0.114-0.435]. A higher frequency in the consumption of soybean products and eggs were associated with a lower risk of chronic venous disease. High level of fried food consumption was positively associated with risk of chronic venous disease. There are certain specific trends in relation to dietary consumption and severity of disease, although these trends were less strong. These associations are largely independent of other dietary and nondietary factors.

Food insecurity and ultra-processed food consumption: the modifying role of participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Ultra-processed foods contribute to risks of obesity and cardiometabolic disease, and higher intakes have been observed in low-income populations in the United States. Consumption of ultra-processed foods may be particularly higher among individuals experiencing food insecurity and participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Using data from the 2007-2016 NHANES, we examined the associations between food insecurity, SNAP participation, and ultra-processed food consumption. The study population comprised 9190 adults, aged 20-65 y, with incomes ≤300% of the federal poverty level (FPL). Food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module and SNAP participation over the past 12 mo was self-reported. Dietary intake was measured from two 24-h dietary recalls. Ultra-processed food consumption (percentage of total energy intake) was defined using the NOVA food classification system. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between food insecurity, SNAP participation, and ultra-processed food consumption, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. More severe food insecurity was associated with higher intakes of ultra-processed foods (P-trend=0.003). The adjusted means of ultra-processed food intake ranged from 52.6% for adults with high food security to 55.7% for adults with very low food security. SNAP participation was also associated with higher intakes of ultra-processed foods (adjusted mean: 54.7%), compared with income-eligible participants (adjusted mean: 53.0%). Furthermore, the association between food insecurity and ultra-processed foods was modified by SNAP participation (P-interaction=0.02). Among income-eligible nonparticipants and income-ineligible nonparticipants, more severe food insecurity was associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. Among SNAP participants, the association between food insecurity and consumption of ultra-processed foods was nonsignificant. In a nationally representative sample of adults, food insecurity and SNAP participation were both associated with higher levels of ultra-processed food consumption.

Assets possession and food consumption level of haor people in a selected area of Bangladesh

Assets possession and calorie intake level of a household member reflect the livelihood patterns and food security condition of the household. The study was conducted to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics, identify the assets possession, determine the calorie intake level and analyze the perception of the households’ livelihood improvement. An interview schedule was used in field survey for primary data collection. The DFID approaches of livelihood and the consumption data of haor households of seven days were used in the study. The findings revealed that about 24.61% of the respondents were illiterate, 32.31% respondents were can sign only and 30.77% respondents had primary education, average family size was 9.66, about 51% respondents’ annual income was below Tk.60,000 (US$ 690) and, most of the respondent’s (84.62%) occupation was agriculture and fishing. The human, social, natural, physical and financial capital of the haor respondents was in a vulnerable position. The findings also revealed that about 44.61% of the respondents belonged to the ultra-poor whose per day per person calorie intake was 1350.56k.cal. All of the respondents demanded the improved road and communication facilities which are essential for their livelihood and food security improvement. The haor is being tarnished fast due to mishandling and damaging activities. The government should take necessary steps to improve the road and communication facilities in the haor area which will foster the socioeconomic development of haor people in Bangladesh.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE POPULATION OF THE ALTAI REGION BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE CONSUMER BASKET

Primary incomes received by the population are an important incentive to improve labor productivity, its quality, and also serve as the main source of meeting the vital needs of the population. They determine the purchasing power of the population and its standard of living. This study is devoted to the study of the real standard of living of the population of the Altai Territory. During it, the composition of the consumer basket of Russians for 2022 was determined, compared with the norms established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the level of food consumption in the USSR. The characteristic of the subsistence minimum for the population of the regions of the Siberian Federal District is given in comparison with the average value for the Russian Federation. The composition and dynamics of the resources of households in the Altai Territory as a whole and by categories of rural and urban population were also studied. Particular attention was paid to the study of the composition and dynamics of the expenses of the citizens of the region as a whole, as well as in the context of the urban and rural population. In the course of detailing the expenditure part of the budget of the inhabitants of the region, the food basket, the cost of purchasing non-food products and paying for services were analyzed. On the basis of the conducted research, it became possible to conclude that a very low standard of living has developed in the region, a significant part of the population drags out a beggarly existence.

Nutrition in the comprehensive approach of Health Promoting Schools: Survey on attitudes, knowledge and experiences in a sample of European teachers

BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is a major factor in childhood for proper mental and physical development, and schools are valuable settings for promoting nutritional health. Teachers have a key role as educators and as a link between children, families, and institutions. OBJECTIVES: The study aims at describing the teachers’ profile and to evaluate the level of adherence of their schools to the recommendations by Health Promoting Schools concerning nutritional issues. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 131 Spanish and Italian teachers from kindergartens and primary schools. RESULTS: The lack of a structured approach to school food emerged, as well as a low quality level of food consumption at school. Among the positive aspects, there is the compliance with the dietary reference values for the intake of nutrients and energy of meals supplied by cafeterias and the collaboration with nutritionists in health services, but other desirable circumstances are neglected (e.g. training courses for staff, the involvement of students, supply of water and vegetables such as healthy drinks and snacks). CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the need to train teachers and to strengthen school action plans, particularly the agenda around the sustainability of the school food and nutrition environment.

Innovative aspects of formation of sustainable development and social safety in the socio-cultural context

Introduction. The development of modern society is now affected by negative phenomena of natural and social nature, which makes it very important issues of social safety. The best way to achieve it is to implement the principles of sustainable development, which involves a harmonious combination of social, economic and environmental components.The purpose of the study. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to find scientifically sound ways to form social safety and achieve sustainable development in the country.Research methods. To achieve the goal of the study used a set of general scientific methods of cognition, namely: a systematic approach to the study of innovative aspects of sustainable development and social safety; classification and grouping – to analyze the factors contributing to the main goals of sustainable development; tabular – to highlight the components of the socio-economic environment that reflect indicators of social safety; statistical comparison – to assess living standards and in particular the level of food consumption; logical generalization – to substantiate the recommendations and formulate conclusions.The results of the study. As practice has shown, positive changes on the basis of sustainable development are achieved when their main drivers are science and socio- cultural sphere. At the same time, it is important to ensure social safety. Accordingly, the indicators that characterize the socio-economic situation in Ukraine and are indicators of the state of social safety are analyzed. Groups of factors are identified – economic, political, environmental and demographic, taking into account which will enable the successful implementation of the main goals of sustainable development. The necessity of priority development of the sphere of social and cultural services, which should contribute to guaranteeing social safety, is substantiated. The need to implement innovative activities in this direction is emphasized.Conclusions. Today, the innovation aspect must be crucial for sustainable development and social safety based on the development of science, which necessitates the training of professionals working at the level of world standards.Prospects for future research. Further research should be aimed at actively identifying and implementing factors contributing to the strengthening of the socio-cultural sphere in the direction of achieving social safety in Ukraine.

Ultraprocessed Food Intake Is Associated With Poor Cardiovascular Fitness in US Children and Adolescents

ObjectivesUltraprocessed food intake is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults, however few studies have examined the association between intake of ultraproecssed foods during childhood and risk for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine the association between eating patterns, specifically consumption of ultraprocessed foods, and markers of physical fitness in a nationally representative sample of children and youth. MethodsUsing data from NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey, the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and cardiovascular fitness level was evaluated. During the NNYFS, cardiovascular fitness was assessed in adolescents aged 12–15 y and locomotor development was assessed in children age 3–5. Dietary intake information was collected using 24-hour recall; recalled foods were classified using the NOVA classification system and NOVA Category 4 (ultraprocessed) were identified. Cardiovascular fitness level was categorized based on gender-age specific cut-points of estimated VO2max. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 survey procedures to account for the unequal sampling probability and complex survey design of the. ResultsIn older children, we observed a significant positive association between consumption of ultraprocessed foods and cardiovascular fitness level after controlling for age, sex, race, and household income. Children with cardiovascular fitness levels categorized as “high risk” consumed approximately 200kcal more/day of ultraprocessed foods than children in the “healthy fitness zone”, p = 0.002. In younger children, greater intake of ultraprocessed foods was associated with lower locomotor development score; children with the lowest locomotor development scores consumed 273kcal/more day of ultraprocessed foods than children with the highest locomotor development scores, p = 0.0006. ConclusionsThese findings expand on previous work from our group evaluating the association between childhood eating behaviors and fitness indicators. Interventions that aim to educate families about cost-effective methods of reducing ultraprocessed food intake may assist in decreasing risk for cardiovascular health problems in adulthood. Funding SourcesNone.

The Effect of Sociodemographic and Environmental Factors on Food Consumption Expenditure of the Urban Poor in Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of economic, social, and environmental on food consumption of urban poor households in Indonesia in 2006-2019. The data of which are obtained from the Welfare Statistics sourced from the results of the National Socio-Economic Survey. In Indonesia, studies on poverty using a proxy model for the food consumption of poor households are still relatively limited. This study provides empirical evidence that the economic, social, and environmental dimensions have a significant and negative effect on the level of food consumption of urban poor households in Indonesia. Policy implications that can be prioritized improving the quality of human capital of the urban poor will trigger optimal competence of the poor and increase employment opportunities in the formal sector which will contribute to increased income and welfare—improvement of environmental quality by providing access for the urban poor to WASH in their respective houses. Furthermore, controlling the population is one component that is no less important in reducing urban poverty.

RVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine: repeated intramuscular (IM) toxicity, local tolerance, immunogenicity and biodistribution study in NZW rabbits.

BriLife®, a vector-based vaccine that utilizes the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform to express and present the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2, is undergoing testing in a phase 2 clinical trial in Israel. A nonclinical repeated-dose (GLP) toxicity study in New Zealand white rabbits was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity, local tolerance, immunogenicity and biodistribution of the vaccine. rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S (or vehicle) was administered intramuscularly to two groups of animals (106, 107 PFU/animal, n = 10/sex/group) on three occasions, at 2-week intervals, followed by a 3-week recovery period. Systemic clinical signs, local reactions, body weight, body temperature, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, clinical pathology, C-reactive protein, viremia and antibody levels were monitored. Gross pathology was performed, followed by organs/tissues collection for biodistribution and histopathological evaluation. Treatment-related changes were restricted to multifocal minimal myofiber necrosis at the injection sites, and increased lymphocytic cellularity in the iliac and mesenteric lymph nodes and in the spleen. These changes were considered related to the inflammatory reaction elicited, and correlated with a trend for recovery. Detection of rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine RNA was noted in the regional iliac lymph node in animals assigned to the high-dose group, at both termination time points. A significant increase in binding and neutralizing antibody titers was observed following vaccination at both vaccine doses. In view of the findings, it was concluded that the rVSV-ΔG-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine is safe. These results supported the initiation of clinical trials.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00204-022-03302-5.

Ketahanan pangan sebagai deteminan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 2-3 tahun di Kabupaten Ciamis-Jawa Barat

Determinant of stunting in children 2-3 aged years in Ciamis District West Java ProvinceBackground: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still high (at 37,2%), while in the province of West Java is at 35,8%. Household food security is one of the indirect causes of the nutritional problems. Aspects of food security in the form of food availability and access to food are related in a household that affects the aspect of the level of food consumption in every household or individual that is not being met. Objective: The study aims to analyze whether household food security was the determinant of stunting in children aged 2-3 years in Ciamis Districts. Methods: This was an observational study with a case-control design. Subjects in this research are households. Information from a total of 349 households, i.e. 168 had stunted and 181 without stunted children, were collected. Respondents consisted of mothers, fathers, and children aged 2-3 years in Ciamis District. Subjects were selected using quota sampling. Data were analyzed using t-test and logistic regression. Results: Food availability, food access, energy, and protein consumption were not associated with stunting (p>0,05). There were significant differences between the average height (Z-score) of children based on the father's height, the mother's height, and the mother's education level (p<0,05). Breastfeeding, initial formula feeding, father's education level, and a large number of families were not associated with stunting (p> 0,05). Conclusion: This study observed that household food security was not the determinant of stunting. After controlling for potential confounders, the children's heights were independently associated with parental heights and maternal education.

Association of food groups with the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of 10 common foods (including staple foods, fruits, vegetables, sugar, meat, fish, eggs, beans, salt-preserved vegetables, and garlic) on cognitive function in Chinese older adults. MethodsCross-sectional data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary habits were taken from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Food consumption was measured by participants reporting the frequency of their food consumption. Association between food groups and cognitive function was evaluated using mixed-effect regression model analysis. ResultsCompared with those who rarely or never consumed vegetables, meat, fruits, beans, and garlic, older adults who consumed these foods almost daily were 56%, 30%, 23%, 34%, and 29% less likely to have cognitive impairment, respectively. No associations between staple foods, sugar, fish, and eggs consumption and cognitive impairment were found. Low-frequency consumption of salt-preserved vegetables may be associated with cognitive function. Regular vegetables consumption had the greatest associated risk reduction of all food types. Interactions indicated that the co-ingestion of vegetables and beans or sugar, meat and beans may have antagonistic effect, while the co-ingestion of salt-preserved vegetables and garlic may have synergistic effect. Subgroup analyses showed that sex and age were the significant effect modifiers for meat and fish, respectively. ConclusionsCognitive function of Chinese older adults may be related to food groups. Future research should measure food types and consumption level with greater granularity.

Global, regional, and national consumption of animal-source foods between 1990 and 2018: findings from the Global Dietary Database

SummaryBackgroundDiet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumption patterns affect planetary health. We aimed to quantify global, regional, and national consumption levels of animal-source foods (ASF) to inform intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities.MethodsIndividual-level dietary surveys across 185 countries conducted between 1990 and 2018 were identified, obtained, standardised, and assessed among children and adults, jointly stratified by age, sex, education level, and rural versus urban residence. We included 499 discrete surveys (91·2% nationally or subnationally representative) with data for ASF (unprocessed red meat, processed meat, eggs, seafood, milk, cheese, and yoghurt), comprising 3·8 million individuals from 134 countries representing 95·2% of the world population in 2018. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to account for differences in survey methods and representativeness, time trends, and input data and modelling uncertainty, with five-fold cross-validation.FindingsIn 2018, mean global intake per person of unprocessed red meat was 51 g/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48–54; region-specific range 7–114 g/day); 17 countries (23·9% of the world's population) had mean intakes of at least one serving (100 g) per day. Global mean intake of processed meat was 17 g/day (95% UI 15–21 g/day; region-specific range 3–54 g/day); seafood, 28 g/day (27–30 g/day; 12–44 g/day); eggs, 21 g/day (18–24 g/day; 6–35 g/day); milk 88 g/day (84–93 g/day; 45–185 g/day); cheese, 8 g/day (8–10 g/day; 1–34 g/day); and yoghurt, 20 g/day (17–23 g/day; 7–84 g/day). Mean national intakes were at least one serving per day for processed meat (≥50 g/day) in countries representing 6·9% of the global population; for cheese (≥42 g/day) in 2·3%; for eggs (≥55 g/day) in 0·7%; for milk (≥245 g/day) in 0·3%; for seafood (≥100 g/day) in 0·8%; and for yoghurt (≥245 g/day) in less than 0·1%. Among the 25 most populous countries in 2018, total ASF intake was highest in Russia (5·8 servings per day), Germany (3·8 servings per day), and the UK (3·7 servings per day), and lowest in Tanzania (0·9 servings per day) and India (0·7 servings per day). Global and regional intakes of ASF were generally similar by sex. Compared with children, adults generally consumed more unprocessed red meat, seafood and cheese, and less milk; energy-adjusted intakes of other ASF were more similar. Globally, ASF intakes (servings per week) were higher among more-educated versus less-educated adults, with greatest global differences for milk (0·79), eggs (0·47), unprocessed red meat (0·42), cheese (0·28), seafood (0·28), yoghurt (0·22), and processed meat (0·21). This was also true for urban compared to rural areas, with largest global differences (servings per week) for unprocessed red meat (0·47), milk (0·38), and eggs (0·20). Between 1990 and 2018, global intakes (servings per week) increased for unprocessed red meat (1·20), eggs (1·18), milk (0·63), processed meat (0·50), seafood (0·44), and cheese (0·14).InterpretationOur estimates of ASF consumption identify populations with both lower and higher than optimal intakes. These estimates can inform the targeting of intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities relevant to both human and planetary health.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation and American Heart Association.

Factors associated with normal-weight obesity in adolescents.

A new phenotype of obesity has been studied: normal-weight obesity (NWO), which describes individuals with normal-weight by BMI and excess body fat. Despite normal-weight, individuals with NWO have a higher cardiometabolic risk. There is still a gap in the literature on the subject, especially in adolescents, as studies with this population are scarce. This study aims to investigate the sociodemographic factors, family history of chronic non-communicable diseases, body perception, lifestyle and food consumption associated with NWO in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study, with 506 normal-weight adolescents aged 10–19 years, of both sexes. Weight and height were obtained, and BMI/age was calculated. Body fat analysis was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sociodemographic data, level of physical activity, food consumption, body self-perception and lifestyle habits were also obtained. Logistic regression with hierarchical approach was used to analyse the associations. The odds of NWO are greater with age (OR = 1·14; 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·26), lower in male adolescents (OR = 0·21; 95 % CI = 0·11, 0·41) and higher in those with a history of familial dyslipidemia (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI = 1·01, 3·28). Adolescents satisfied with their body (OR = 0·30; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·56) and physically active (OR = 0·44; 95 % CI = 0·24, 0·81) have a lower odds of NWO, compared with the others. In addition, it was observed that the odds of NWO is greater among adolescents who use sweeteners (sugar substitutes) (OR = 3·84; 95 % CI = 1·70, 8·65). The factors associated with NWO were female sex, older age, positive family history of dyslipidemia, lower body satisfaction, lower level of physical activity and greater use of sweeteners.

Symptoms of Nomophobia, Psychological Aspects, Insomnia and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study of ESports Players in Saudi Arabia.

(1) Background: ESports is a new trend of sports, which has gained considerable popularity worldwide. There is a scarcity of evidence that focuses on the lifestyle of ESports players (eSP) particularly on symptoms of nomophobia, level of anxiety, sleep quality, food consumption and physical activity. (2) Objective: to determine the prevalence and relationship between symptoms of nomophobia, psychological aspects, insomnia and physical activity of eSP in Saudi Arabia. (3) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 using a convenient self-selection adult sample. A total of 893 (216 eSP vs. 677 non-eSP (NeSP)) participants aged over 18 years were included. All participants answered a seven-part validated questionnaire that included: (i) sociodemographic questions; (ii) a symptoms of nomophobia questionnaire; (iii) general anxiety disorder questions, (iv) an insomnia severity index, (v) an Internet addiction scale, (vi) the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 short form and (vii) an international physical activity questionnaire. (4) Results: Among the entire population, the prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia, anxiety, insomnia, Internet addiction and low physical activity were 29.8%, 13.9%, 63.3%, 27% and 2.8%, respectively. The eSP and NeSP differed significantly in nomophobia scale, anxiety and insomnia values. Compared to NeSP, eSP had a higher level of severe nomophobia p = 0.003, a severe level of anxiety p = 0.025 and symptoms of insomnia p = 0.018. Except for food addiction and physical activity, a positive correlation was identified between symptoms of nomophobia, anxiety and insomnia among eSP. (5) Conclusion: This study reported high prevalence of nomophobia, anxiety and insomnia among eSP compared to NeSP.

Is There Correlation Between Aluminum-Based Food Consumption and Plasma Level in Pregnant Women?

To explore the correlation of AL-based food consumption, known to have negative impact on health, and Al plasma levels with pregnancy status. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 participants, including 50 pregnant women. Al plasma levels were analyzed by ET-AAS. Exposure to food was positively correlated to Al mean plasma levels (reaching 2.12 ± 1.17μg/L) by 32%, specifically for potatoes, fruits, soft drinks, and ready meals. Usage of Al cookware was associated to higher Al plasma levels while pregnancy status was protective. Establishment of national recommendation to maintain lower levels of Al in food is required.

Association of soy food with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in a Chinese population: a nationwide prospective cohort study.

This study aimed to clarify the association of soy intake with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. We conducted a prospective cohort study in a Chinese population composed of 97,930 participants aged ≥ 40years old without CVD at baseline in 2011. Habitual soy intake over a period of 12months was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. All participants were classified into four groups based on their soy food consumption levels: < 15, 15-29, 30-59, and ≥ 60g/day, with the lowest category as the reference group. Follow-up was conducted between 2014 and 2016 to assess CVD incidence and all-cause mortality since baseline, which was collected from the local mortality and disease registers of the National Disease Surveillance Point System and National Health Insurance System. The Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the relationship of soy intake with later CVD events and all-cause mortality. During 350,604 person-years of follow-up (median [interquartile range]: 3.16 [2.98, 4.77] years), 2523 total CVD events and 1473 all-cause mortalities were documented. After controlling for covariates, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for total CVD events across increasing soy intake levels were 1.03 (0.93-1.14); 0.96 (0.86-1.07); and 0.86 (0.75-0.98; p for trend = 0.0434), while those for all-cause mortality were 0.88 (0.77-1.02); 0.86 (0.74-1.00); and 0.83 (0.69-0.99; p for trend = 0.0084). High soy intake was associated with a reduced risk of total CVD events and all-cause mortality among a Chinese population.

DIETARY DIVERSITY OF HOUSEHOLDS AND LEVELS OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ABOMEY-CALAVI

Populations have access to a variety of foods, at more or less affordable costs, which condition different states of food security. The objective of this research is to analyze the diversity of household food consumption in order to identify food security levels in the commune of Abomey-Calavi. The methodological approach adopted consisted of data collection, processing and analysis of the results. The survey was conducted among 442 households selected in the urban cores of each of the nine arrondissements of the Commune. The tools and materials used for the data collection consisted of the questionnaire, the interview guides, GPS and digital cameras. The results were analyzed using the Consolidated Food Security Indicator Approach (CARI). The results show that cereals constitute the main daily diet for 99% of households. The food consumption score indicates three levels of household food consumption namely acceptable food consumption, borderline food consumption and poor food consumption which concentrate 54%, 27¨% and 19% of households respectively. The Food Security Index determined by the CARI approach allowed us to distinguish four levels of food vulnerability in Abomey - calavi: Food Security (42%), Borderline Food Security (30%), Moderate Food Insecurity (25%) and Severe Food Insecurity (3%).

Интегральная оценка энергетической ценности продовольственных ресурсов регионов

There are many approaches to assessing food supply and food security. The available tools are not perfect. The assessment is carried out mainly by aggregating indicators that are completely disparate in their essence. These indicators are often expressed in natural or cost units. The existing methods are difficult to use. The energy value of food is a promising indicator. The essence of this indicator allows it to become an integral indicator. The works of Russian researchers contain the use of this indicator to assess the level of food consumption per capita. But these works do not contain examples of assessing the level of food supply for the population of the regions. The indicator “Dietary Energy Supply (DES)” is used in foreign practice. This indicator represents the dietary energy supply as a percentage of the average dietary energy requirement per capita. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for the integral assessment of the energy value of the region's food resources. The methodology was tested by calculating the energy value of food resources in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The agro-industrial complex of Siberian regions produced food worth 57.3 thousand teracalories in 2020. This assessment is based on the application of coefficients of energy value of the enlarged groups of food resources. The proposed method is easy to use. It does not require a lot of time. The area of the potential application of the methodology is scientific research and public administration practice

Effects of stranded heavy fuel oil subacute exposure on the fitness-related traits of sea urchin

In this study, we investigated the behavioural, morphological and physiological responses of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) after subacute exposure to stranded heavy fuel oil (HFO) at oil loadings of 600, 1200, 2400 and 4800 μg oil g−1 gravel for 21 days. No significant differences in the survival rate and body size of S. intermedius were found following subacute exposure to stranded HFO at various oil loadings. Differently, the food consumption, covering behaviour, righting response and gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed obvious adverse effects at higher oil loadings, manifested as a low level of food consumption, reduced covering ability, slower righting speed and decreased GSI compared with the control. This study indicated that subacute exposure to the stranded HFO could cause an adverse effect on the fitness-related traits of sea urchins and provide new insights into the impact of oil spill pollution on benthic organisms.

Relationship between pulmonary function and anthropometric measurements and body composition in young women

Purpose: This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function and some anthropometric measurements and body composition in healthy young women with different body mass index (BMI). &#x0D; Materials and Methods: One hundred seventeen (n:117) women, aged between 19-30 years, participated in this study. Some anthropometric measurements of the participants (body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and neck circumference) and body composition were evaluated by the researchers. &#x0D; Results: There was no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC values of individuals according to BMI classification. In terms of disease risk according to anthropometric measurements, no difference was found between the groups in the pulmonary function test values (except for the waist circumference). Participants whose waist circumference were 80-88 cm were found to have a significantly higher FEV1/FVC value than participants whose waist circumference were &gt;88 cm. It was determined that there was a positive correlation between body weight, lean body mass, body fat mass, total body water values, and FVC, FEV1 values. &#x0D; Conclusion: Differences in body composition and anthropometric measurements and pulmonary function assessment may be due to methodological and group-specific changes in the studies. Long-term studies that question the body composition of individuals, food consumption and physical activity levels, will be beneficial.