Level Of Economic Well-being Research Articles

Assessing geographical variation in economic disadvantage and dermatological care access in Florida

This study aims to quantify the relationship between economic disadvantage and access to dermatological care in Florida in order to advocate for tailored healthcare policies. Identifying underserved geographic communities can guide policymakers in implementing strategies to enhance accessibility to care in these areas. Using data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the US Census, this study analyzed dermatologist density across 920 Florida zip codes. Economic disadvantage was assessed using the distressed community index (DCI), a metric that stratifies zip codes into 5 levels of economic well-being. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, were conducted to assess disparities. Findings revealed significant differences in the number of providers by DCI quintile (p<.001) and urban/rural designation (p<.001). Lower deprivation areas were more likely to have providers, with 33.2% of the least deprived quintile having at least one provider compared to 11.8% in the most deprived quintile. Urban areas were more likely to have at least one provider (p<.001), with 36.6% of urban zip codes having providers versus 1.1% of rural ones. Zip codes with at least one provider had significantly higher total population (p<.001). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address geographic disparities in the provision of dermatologic care, particularly in economically disadvantaged and rural areas of Florida. Considering the state’s high sun exposure rates and associated skin cancer risks, ensuring accessible dermatology services across all zip codes, regardless of socioeconomic status, is imperative for public health.

Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Based on Family Income Stratification

Introduction: The nutritional problem of stunting in Indonesia is known to occur in poor and non-poor families (those above 40% of social and economic welfare levels). Objective: This research was conducted to see the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the incidence of stunting in children under five based on family income stratification in Palembang City. Method: This research was a quantitative study with research data from 2020. The population in this study were toddlers 24-59 months in Palembang City with a sample of 97 toddlers. The sample in this research was taken by purposive sampling. The analytical method used to see the relationship was using the chi-square test. Result: The results of the study showed that the proportion of stunting was 20.6% with the incidence of stunting in the family income stratification group < IDR 10,000,000 was 26.4% and in the family income stratification group ? IDR 10,000,000 is 13.6%. The results of the analysis show that each independent variable has a p value > ? (0.05), except for the parenting method variable in the income stratification group < IDR 10,000,000 which has a p value < 0.05. Conclusion: Further research needs to be carried out to investigate other factors that were thought to be risk factors for stunting, one of which is environmental factors, infectious diseases and nutritional patterns in children under five.

The influence of health insurance on coverage of a country’s population with medical services

One of the effective ways to increase the level of population coverage with medical services is health insurance. The paper aims to determine what type of health insurance (compulsory, social, or voluntary) has the greatest impact on a country’s ability to provide large-scale and timely medical services to citizens, as measured by the number of unmet needs for medical examination, treatable and preventable mortality. The control variables included a country’s population size, the level of economic well-being, and the scale of the public health system (number of doctors and hospital beds) based on EUROSTAT data for all 27 EU countries in 2012–2021. Modelling (regression models of panel data with fixed and random effects in STATA 18, Wald test, Hausman test, Breusch and Pagan test) proved that only one of three researched types of insurance – voluntary health insurance – positively influences a country’s ability to provide large-scale and timely medical services to citizens: an increase in its volume by 1% leads to a decrease in unmet needs in medical examination on average across all EU countries by 0.26%, treatable mortality rate by 0.08%, preventive mortality rate by 0.27%. The influence of the other two types – compulsory and social – was not confirmed (received regression coefficients for these variables are not statistically significant). This emphasizes the importance of citizens’ conscious attitude to their health (due to the increase in voluntary health insurance) both in strengthening public health and in ensuring faster and better access to medical services.

Geographical Variation in Ophthalmological Care Correlates to Economic Well-being in Florida

Purpose: This study aims to quantify the relationship between economic disadvantage and access to eye care in the state of Florida by synthesizing multiple metrics of care. The access metrics presented can help policymakers target interventions to areas most in need and monitor progress towards improving access. Material and Methods: Data from the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services were analyzed with the Distressed Community Index (DCI), a metric developed by Economic Innovation Group which stratifies zip codes into 5 levels of economic well-being. An association between DCI and eye providers per capita was assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Included are the 920 Florida zip codes included in the Economic Innovation Group’s Distressed Community Index (DCI). The Economic Innovation Group states all zip codes in the United States with populations greater than 500 are included in the DCI data set. Results: In Florida, 42.6% of zip codes have neither an ophthalmologist nor an optometrist. Number of providers per capita significantly differs by DCI category (p<.001) with areas of lowest deprivation having an average of 0.23 ± 0.37 providers per thousand residents and areas of highest deprivation having 0.09 ± 0.19 providers per thousand. DCI quintiles of highest deprivation were significantly more likely to not have an eye provider (p<.001) with 30.5% of zip codes in the lowest deprivation quintile having no providers vs. 62.2% in that of the highest deprivation quintile. Discussion: Findings indicate that economically disadvantaged zip codes have significantly less access to eye care compared to their more affluent counterparts. Given that Florida has the highest current prevalence and projected per capita prevalence of visual impairment, investigation and efforts to maximize access to ophthalmological care is paramount.

Subjective assessment of women's economic welfare in public sector organizations of Mardan, Northern Pakistan

PurposeThe measurement of women's economic welfare and exploring its underlying factors have been undervalued in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study addressed this gap by focusing on assessing women's subjective economic welfare and its socioeconomic and cultural determinants in the education and health sectors within Mardan, Northern Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study used stratified random sampling techniques for the selection of sample respondents and collected data through a well-structured questionnaire. To measure women’s economic welfare, the study utilizes Lorenz curves, the Gini index, the Sen Social Welfare function and an individual's gross monthly income. Furthermore, the ordinary least squares method was utilized to analyze the determinants of economic welfare.FindingsThe findings show greater income inequality and a lower welfare level for women in the education sector compared to the health sector. Likewise, the study identifies several key determinants, such as age, educational qualification, job experience, respect for working women, outside and work-place problems and the suffering of family members of working women for their economic well-being.Originality/valueThis study makes valuable contributions to the literature by focusing on the cultural perspective of Pakhtun women in Mardan and providing a context-specific understanding of subjective economic welfare. Additionally, the authors collected first-hand data, which gave an original outlook on working women's current economic welfare level. Furthermore, this study undertakes a comparative analysis of working women's welfare in the health and education sectors. This comparison offers a more accurate portrayal of the challenges and opportunities specific to these occupations.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2023-0246

МІЖНАРОДНІ ФІНАНСОВІ ПОТОКИ В КРАЇНИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЇ ТА СХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ ПІСЛЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ФІНАНСОВОЇ КРИЗИ 2008 РОКУ: СТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ

In our study, we will focus on determining the dynamics and structural changes in the flows of foreign capital to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after the global financial crisis of 2008. For the analysis, we selected a group of Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, as well as the post-Soviet European countries - Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Moldova. We chose three periods for the study: the first period from the beginning of liberal reforms to the present (1991-2021); the second period from macroeconomic stabilization to the global financial crisis (1994-2008); the third period covers the post-crisis period before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war (2009-2021). The article examines the structure of the inflow of foreign capital to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe before the global financial crisis of 2008 and in the period after it. It was determined that the share of direct and portfolio foreign investments in the structure of foreign capital increased significantly in the post-crisis period. In the post-crisis period of 2009-2021, there was a significant increase in the average value of the stock of foreign direct investment to 41.2% of GDP and a more than two-fold decrease in the volatility of FDI inflows, which amounted to 5.2, as well as a 1.5-fold increase in portfolio foreign investments and a drastic reduction in the volatility of this type of foreign capital to 2.69. As for other investments, they remained at the pre-crisis level, but volatility decreased by a quarter. An econometric study of the influence of the stock of foreign direct investment and foreign debt per worker on the level of economic well-being in the CEE countries was conducted, which proved the strengthening of the role of foreign direct investment after the global financial crisis and the lack of influence of foreign debt. In our opinion, the governments of the CEE countries have focused on the economic policy of slowing down foreign capital flows and avoiding financial risks associated with foreign debt flows. Today's geopolitical tensions, the Russian-Ukrainian war will contribute to the deepening of these processes, increasing the influence of states on limiting international financial flows.

Assessment of the service quality in public transport (analysis of research in Lviv, Ukraine)

The paper assesses the quality of public transport services and the influence of individual components on the value of the overall satisfaction level with transport services. Public transport has many benefits in terms of energy savings, environmental impact, social equity and urban economy. The analysis of existing research confirms that the quality of service provided by the public transport system affects the intentions of potential passengers to use it more. However, the level of economic well-being, the state of development of the transport system, and the national strategy for developing social mobility influence the different perceptions of the importance of similar parameters of public transport functioning. The research was conducted based on the results of surveys of the population of Lviv. It was found that the perception of value indicators (fare and methods of paying for travel) differs the most depending on age, average monthly income and type of employment. The socio-economic indicators of the respondents have the least influence on the change in the estimation of time indicators of displacement. In this case, the level of satisfaction correlates with the actual durations of individual components of the movement (the time of the trip and the waiting time at the stop). According to the results of the surveys, the time parameters of the movement, the occupancy of the vehicle, the cleanliness of the vehicle, and the behavior of the driver have more influence on the overall assessment of the transport service quality indicator than the equipment of the stop, the convenience of boarding/alighting, the noise in the vehicle, and the convenience of paying for the fare. The obtained results can be useful for providers and customers of transport services when determining priority measures to improve the quality of public transport.

Da'wah Based on Socio Cultural Capital in the Prevention of Radicalism and Religious Conflict

This study focuses on the growth and development of radicalism in the Lamongan Regency area and the forms and variants of co-religious conflicts in the Tuban Regency area. These two focuses do not intend to compare Lamongan and Tuban as study destinations but explore the two regions with different questions. The next focus is the da'wah model based on socio cultural capital in preventing radicalism and religious conflicts in Lamongan Regency and Tuban Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of grounded theory according to the stages of the type of research. Socio cultural capital is diverse and meaningful, stretching from the potential of natural resources, economy, culture, customs, arts, and religion. The results of the analysis show that the dominant factors that cause the growth of radical ideas in Lamongan Regency are limited religious knowledge and insight, mistakes in choosing teachers, low levels of economic welfare, provocation of online media, sectarianism, disappointment with social, political, economic and legal conditions, and weak government control over educational institutions and pesantren affiliated with radical groups. The form of religious conflict that occurred in Tuban Regency was a peaceful action, which is an action carried out by Muslims without violence in order to address sectarian and communal issues. The socio cultural capital of the Lamongan and Tuban communities has a diversity ranging from the potential of natural resources, economy, culture, customs, arts, and religion, giving birth to five da'wah models for preventing radicalism and religious conflicts. The five da'wah models in question are economic-based, institution-based, village-based mosques, pesantren, and based on local wisdom.

Socio-Economic Study of Traditional Fisherman Communities in Ponelo Village, Ponelo Islands District, Gorontalo Utara District

This study aims to explain the phenomenon of the low level of economic well-being of traditional fishing families who live in Ponelo Village, Ponelo Kepulauan District, and North Gorontalo Regency. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that the level of economic welfare of traditional fishermen in Ponelo Village is still low. This condition can be seen in the data, where most of the people of Ponelo Village are in prosperous family categories 1 and 2. One of the causes of poverty among traditional fishermen is that the income of these families still depends on their work as fishermen with very low productivity because The means of production are still very simple, namely nets, trawls, and fishing rods. To increase people's income, the government seeks to provide assistance with equipment, housing, food needs, education, and housing.

Влияние социальнодемографических факторов на самоотношение студентов

The purpose of the study presented in this article is to investigate the influence of gender, level of economic well-being, university status, origin and year of study on the self-attitude of modern students. The study sample consisted of 315 full-time and part-time students, aged between 18 and 30 years (M = 20.5), from higher education institutions in the Republic of Moldova. The results showed that the self-attitude of private university students is slightly higher than that of state university students, does not represent a significant difference. Female students’ self-attitude is higher in comparison with male students. Middleincome holders have the highest values of self-attitude components. The origin also affects the students’ self-attitude; students from urban areas have a better attitude toward themselves than those from rural areas. Regarding the course of study, the highest indicators of self-esteem parameters are among first-year students, the difference between second-year students and third-year students is very small.

New Regional Dynamic Cancer Model across the European Union.

Can increasing levels of economic wealth significantly influence changes in cancer incidence and mortality rates? We investigated this issue by means of regression analyses based on the study of incidence and mortality indicators for lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal; colon; pancreatic; lung; leukaemia; brain and central nervous system cancers in correlation with the levels of economic welfare and financial allocations to health at the level of the European Union member states, with the exception of Luxembourg and Cyprus for which there are no official statistical data reported. The results of the study showed that there were significant disparities both regionally and by gender, requiring corrective public policy measures that were formulated in this study. The conclusions highlight the main findings of the study in terms of the evolution of the disease, present the significant aspects that characterise the evolution of each type of cancer during the period analysed (1993-2021), and highlight the novelty and limitations of the study and future directions of research. As a result, increasing economic welfare is a potential factor in halting the effects of cancer incidence and mortality at the population level, while the financial allocations to health of EU member countries' budgets are a drawback due to large regional disparities.

The Effect of Increasing Fuel Prices on the Components of Household Consumption Expenditures in PDRB According to Expenditure Case Study of West Kalimantan Province 2015-2022

The policy of raising the price of fuel oil (BBM) again by the Government of Indonesia is causing problems. The increase in fuel prices implies an increase in commodity prices. The increase in the price of goods has an effect on purchasing power. Low or high purchasing power affects the level of people's economic welfare. This study aims to determine the effect of rising fuel prices on the level of economic welfare of the people of West Kalimantan, as well as to provide recommendations for solutions and plans for economic development to local governments. The research model is a time-series and cross-section model from panel data regression analysis. Based on this study, it was concluded that there was an influence from the increase in subsidized and non-subsidized fuel prices on Household Consumption Expenditure (PKRT) in West Kalimantan. This indicates that there are ongoing economic activities that affect economic growth in West Kalimantan.

Participation and social solidarity of farmers in supporting corn exports in Gorontalo regency

The implementation of the regional autonomy system is clear evidence of such changes. Regional autonomy has brought about changes to the system of government in Indonesia from centralistic to desentralistic. The change of the government system also brought a share of development in the area including in Gorontalo Regency. One of the changes that occur is the help of corn seeds. Through this assistance, corn production from Gorontalo corn farmers proved to increase sharply from 692 thousand tons in 2016, to 1.5 million tons in 2018. Even from the total corn exports of 380 thousand tons in 2018, 113 thousand tons were produced by Gorontalo farmers. This research uses a type of qualitative research. This research aims to describe various conditions and situations of social reality that exist in society as objects of research and raise these realities to the surface as characteristics, characters, traits, models, signs, or images of conditions, situations or phenomena of solidarity and social capital of farmers. The social participation of farmers is realized from the formation of farmer groups that can be said to be part of the signification structure of farmers who are always coordinated with group members and the government so that there is an intense increase in corn exports, which indicates the government's concerns in a broader form to farmers but in the name of laws and regulations. The social solidarity of corn farmers manifested in the culture of participation of farmers in increasing corn commodity exports takes place by means of full involvement in all agropolitan program activities. The involvement has reciprocal elements or back-to-backs for farmers in the form of good crops and has an impact on their level of economic well-being.

Academic Integrity in Higher Educational Institutions in Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic: World Experience and Ukrainian Realities

Distance learning and online evaluation created challenges for academic integrity because academic dishonesty has become widespread. The article deals with actual problems of observance of academic integrity in higher educational institutions in Ukraine generally and during the transition to online training. Analysis of divergent world’s rankings is demonstrated the close interrelation among the quality of educational system and total level of economic welfare and prosperity of the country, where academic integrity is a primary indicator of the quality of education. Today Ukraine has a lot of actual problems of observance of academic integrity in higher educational institutions generally and during the transition to online learning. Based on the world experience of observance of academic integrity, Ukraine needs profound transformational change. Results demonstrated that it is necessary to form a new policy-making of academic integrity and a new culture in universities in Ukraine, where the dedication of academic integrity should become fundamentally important for any open and democratic society. Higher educational institutions should bear primary responsibility for maintaining academic integrity in the academic society, perform their main assignments effectively, and each participant should be given a certain role, rights, obligations and responsibility.

Analysis of the Exchange Rate of Small-scale Trammel Net Fishermen in Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency

Fishing activities in Pangadaran District are one of the economic sectors that have been supporting regional development and growth. One of the capture fisheries commodities that contribute to improving the economy, especially the fishing profession in Pangandaran District, is shrimp. Generally, fishermen in Pangandaran District use trammel nets to catch shrimp. This study aims to calculate the Fisherman's Exchange Rate (FER) on small-scale fishermen who use trammel nets in Pangandaran District. Fisherman's Exchange Rate is an indicator of economic welfare for fishermen published by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. This research was conducted at the Pangandaran and Cikidang Fish Auction Places, Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia in January-August 2022. This research uses a descriptive type of research method with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used in this research is census. The data used are primary and secondary data with the number of respondents as many as 45 small scale trammel net fishermen in Pangandaran District with interviews. The data analysis method use Fisherman's Exchange Rate (FER). The results of this research indicate that the average exchange rate for small-scale fishermen is 92. FER shows a number < 100. This indicates that small-scale fishermen who use Trammel net fishing gear in Pangandaran District have a deficit. This means that the economic welfare level of fishermen during the calculation period has decreased compared to the welfare level of fishermen in the basic calculation period.

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ TERMAL TURİZMİN ÜÇÜNCÜ YAŞ TURİZMİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Today, it is seen that there is an increase in the elderly population, which is defined as the third age, in developed countries, especially in many countries in the European continent, and all over the world. It is estimated that the elderly population will reach 2 billion in 2050. The reasons such as the availability of leisure time and the appropriateness of their economic welfare level of these people over the age of 65, who have terminated their active working life, enable them to participate more in tourism activities. Understanding the importance of many activities such as spa-wellness and thermal activities, which are important for human health in tourism, increases the interest of people in the third age group to these activities. Aware of this situation, many countries regulate their insurance systems and implement policies that support the participation of the elderly population in tourism. This situation causes the growth of the third age tourism market. This situation creates an important opportunity especially for countries with thermal tourism opportunities. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to evaluate the potential situation of third age tourism in the world and to evaluate what Turkey should do to benefit from this tourism market in terms of thermal tourism.

Poverty, beliefs about HIV-AIDS transmission, and the gap in HIV-AIDS testing among women between rural and urban areas in Cameroon

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of income poverty and beliefs about HIV-AIDS transmission on the gap in HIV-AIDS testing among women between rural and urban areas in Cameroon. The analysis is based on a sample of 7,464 women from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 5) of Cameroon (NIS, 2015). Based on the literature on the demand for preventive health care, econometric results obtained using a decomposing differencesmodel based on Yun method, reveal that the HIV-AIDS screening rate of women living in rural areas is lower than that of women living in urban areas. Improvements in the level of economic well-being, demonstrated knowledge about HIV-AIDS, and education levels of rural women are likely to reduce this gap. On the other hand, having a child, knowing where to get tested for HIV-AIDS, or being an elderly person does no help reduce this gap.

Community Resilience in Belarus and the EU response

Community Resilience in Belarus and the EU response

Assessment of Yemen’s macroeconomy performance during 2001-2015 using Kaldor’s magic square

Assessing a certain country’s macro-economy performance faces innumerable challenges, of which the most important ones are running counter to the objectives of economic policy. Added to these challenges is the absence of a consensus among economists regarding the identification of variables, which can be taken for granted while assessing a country’s macro-economy performance? The present study aims at assessing Yemen’s macro-economy performance during the period 2001-2015 using the four economic variables (economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and current account) that constitute Kaldor’s Magic Square chart of 1971. To avoid challenges connected with variables’ measurement, the economic welfare indicator has been used. The findings show a drastic deterioration in the level of economic welfare during the period mentioned above, with an impressive decrease in the value of economic welfare from 0.36 in 2001 to zero in 2015 as the magic square scale showed. Assessing the economic performance during the period showed that the economic performance in 2001 was better than that of 2015, with a departure of Yemen’s economic performance from the performance of the wonderland economy. Hence, Yemen’s economy can be described as an ill-performance economy, basically due to the high averages of unemployment and inflation.

Social Stratification Theory and Population Aging Reconsidered

Abstract Japan has the world’s most aged population. To examine this aging population from a theoretical perspective of social stratification, we focused on household structure, income structure, and economic well-being, including both disposable income and savings. Two main topics are discussed in this paper: first, the relationship between the aging population and income inequality, focusing on changes in household structure and income structure; and second, the level of economic well-being in old age (when the relationship to the labor market becomes blurred) considering individuals’ previous work life. I analyzed two survey datasets: the Comprehensive Survey of People’s Living Conditions, conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare since the mid-1980s, and the 2015 National Survey of Social Stratification and Social Mobility. These analyses confirmed that the change in household structure (more elderly heads of household) explains the growth of income inequality since the mid-1980s. While income inequality among households with working-age heads increased, its impact was limited to an overall increase in income inequality due to declining household size. On the other hand, income inequality among households with older heads was largely explained by market income, and this scenario has not changed for the past 30 years. The level of economic well-being among older adults was determined by age, marital status, educational credentials, and work situation at age 50 for both genders.