Levels Of Bran Research Articles

The use of Chemometrics to Discriminate Sample Adulteration in Different Levels: the case of Peruvian Maca

This study aimed to use chemometrics as a tool to allow for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to detect adulteration in Peruvian maca powder. To adulterate the samples, pure maca powder was mixed with rice flour and rice bran, which are the most employed adulterants, using proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% of each. After adulteration, the mixtures were submitted to NIR spectroscopy. The spectral data were used to build discriminant models through Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and each model was evaluated through permutation tests to check for reliability. It was observed that all samples were discriminated against the pure ones, providing unitary sensitivities and specificities. All the models built were tested by the pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test, pairwise signed-rank test, and a randomization t-test, and the results indicated that the permuted and un-permuted models were not similar. The results indicated that NIR spectroscopy can be used to discriminate between pure maca powder samples and maca powder adulterated with different levels of rice flour and rice bran, achieving unitary sensitivity and specificity in the PLS-DA models.

Xylanase improves growth performance, enhances cecal short-chain fatty acids production, and increases the relative abundance of fiber fermenting cecal microbiota in broilers

This study investigated the effects of xylanase and fiber on growth response, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, and cecal microbiota diversity in broilers. A total of 180 day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly distributed in 30 pens (6 birds/pen). Six dietary treatments were tested using a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 5). The treatments included 3 levels of wheat bran (WB) as an additional fiber source in corn soybean meal-based diet, supplemented without or with xylanase (0.1 g/kg Econase-XT) besides 500 FTU/kg phytase and fed in 2 phases (starter, d 0–21 and finisher, d 22–35) in mash form. The three levels of WB used in this study were included at the concentration of 0 g/kg (WB 0%), 50 g/kg (WB 5%), and 100 g/kg (WB 10 %) in diet. Xylanase supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the average daily gain (ADG) in the finisher phase and total period and increased (P < 0.05) average total gain in broilers (2025 vs 1943 g). Xylanase improved (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the starter phase while a significant interaction (P < 0.05) was found between WB and xylanase on FCR in the finisher phase and total period. A greater improvement in FCR in WB 5% and WB 10 % in response to xylanase compared with WB 0% indicated that high fiber diets were more responsive to supplemental xylanase. Independent of fiber level, xylanase increased (P < 0.01) cecal SCFA (86.6 vs. 63.4 μmol/g) compared to no xylanase group. Amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from cecal samples of d 35 revealed that xylanase had a trend (P = 0.08) for a greater number of operational taxonomic units and exhibited a trend (P = 0.054) for greater beta diversity compared to no xylanase group. Xylanase also increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus salivarius compared with no xylanase groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that xylanase can enhance the productive performance of broilers by improving feed efficiency and that some but not all responses are related to increased cecal SCFA and enhanced abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.

Cactus Pear as Roughage Source Feeding Confined Lambs: Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Economic Analysis

The effect of diets containing 0% of wheat bran levels (control buffel grass and cactus pear) contrasted with diets with cactus pear as the only forage source and wheat bran levels (30; 37 and 44%) on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, animal performance, carcass characteristics, and economic analysis was evaluated. Twenty-eight male, non-castrated crossbred lambs (22.6 ± 2.37 kg) were submitted to confinement for 62 days. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments and seven repetitions. Four diets were formulated considering an intended mean daily weight gain of 200 g/animal/day. Means were compared by contrasts using Dunnett test at 5%. Animals fed cactus pear as the only roughage source (diets with 30; 37, and 44% of wheat bran) had lower dry matter intake and nutrient intake, Average Dairy Gain, and total weight gain than animals fed the control diet. Final body weight and slaughter weight of animals fed 44% of wheat bran was similar to the animals fed the control diet. Hot and cold carcass yields were higher in animals fed cactus pear and 30 and 37% of wheat bran. Feeding costs were lower when cactus pear was used as the only roughage source associated with wheat bran and consequently profit was greater. The use of cactus pear as the only roughage source associated with up to 44% of wheat bran is a viable alternative of the diet to confined lambs without modifying carcass characteristics with greater cost:benefit ratio.

Effect of Inclusion Levels of Maize Bran in Pig Diets on Daily Production, Biochemical Composition and Microbial Quality of Pig Manure

Effect of Inclusion Levels of Maize Bran in Pig Diets on Daily Production, Biochemical Composition and Microbial Quality of Pig Manure

Utilization of Enzyme Supplemented Wheat offal-rice bran based diets on performance characteristics and serum biochemistry by meat-type chicken

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation on the utilization of rice bran as a replacement for wheat offal by meat-type chicken. A total of three hundred and twenty day-old Marsha strain broiler chickens were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment had 40 birds with 10 birds in each replicate. The wheat offal in diets was replaced by rice bran (RB) at four levels (0%, 10%, 20 % and 30%). Each diet contained 2853.10, 2837.90, 2822.70, and 2807.50 ME Kcal/kg and Crude Protein% of 21.68, 21.57, 21.47 and 21.36. The diets were in two groups. One group was supplemented with exogenous Enzyme while the other group was not supplemented with enzyme. The growth performance, serum biochemistry and organ weight were estimated Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of variance in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, Results showed that the final body weight gain was significantly higher (P at this level. Birds fed 30% rice bran inclusion level had significantly lower (P Protein, Globulin and Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT). Birds on diet containing level of rice bran had high total protein, Globulin and SGOT [t was concluded that 30% rice bran With enzyme supplementation had no adverse effect on the performance, serum biochemistry and internal organs of the birds.

Response of starter broilers to diets containing graded levels of rice bran with or without palm oil

One hundred and forty four(144) day old broiler chicks of hubbard breed from a commercial hatchery were used to investigate the response of broiler chick to 0, 10 and 20% dietary rice bran with or without palm oil in a 5 week feeding trial. Significant interaction between dietary levels of rice bran and palm oil were observed on feed intake, weight gain and feedgain ratio (P&gt;0.05). Increase in dietary levels of rice bran deduced feed transit time in the GIT (P&gt;0.05) while supplementary palm oil had the opposite effect (P&gt;0.05). There was a tendency for dietary supplementation of palm oil to increase protein or fat retention (P&gt;0.05) but had no significant effect on crude fibre retention (P&gt;0.05) but had no significant effect of crude fibre retention (P&gt;0.05). It was concluded that broiler chicks could tolerate up to 10% dietary levels of rice bran without detrimental effects on performance and nutrients retention. With supplementary 5% palm oil added to such a diet, performance was comparable to that of birds fed a standard diet with money saved in the process

Energy value of rice, broken rice, and rice bran for broiler chickens by the regression method

The objective of this study was to determine the ileal digestible energy (IDE), ME, and MEn of rice, broken rice, and rice bran. The birds were fed a standard starter diet from day 0 to 14 and experimental diets from day 15 to 21 after hatching. A total of 336 birds were grouped by BW and assigned to 7 diets, each diet comprised 8 replicates with 6 birds per replicate. The diets comprised a reference diet (RD) and 6 test diets (TD). The TD contained 2 levels of rice, broken rice or rice bran that partly replaced the energy sources in the RD at 120 or 240 g/kg (rice and broken rice) or 150 or 300 g/kg (rice bran). Addition of rice or broken rice to RD linearly increased (P < 0.01) ileal digestibility of DM, energy, as well as total tract metabolizability of DM, energy, and N-corrected energy in the TD. The inclusion of rice bran in the TD linearly decreased (P < 0.01) energy digestibility and utilization in the test diet. Regressions of rice-associated, broken rice–associated, or rice bran–associated IDE, ME, or MEn intake in kcal against rice, broken rice, or rice bran intake were as follows: IDE = Y = 2 (6) + 3,185 (73) × Rice + 3,199 (72) × Broken Rice + 2,562 (61) × Rice Bran, r2 = 0.98; ME = Y = 8 (6) + 3,103 (72) × Rice + 3,190 (71) × Broken Rice + 2,709 (60) × Rice Bran, r2 = 0.98; MEn = Y = 4 (5) + 3,014 (68) × Rice + 3,092 (101) × Broken Rice + 2,624 (57) × Rice Bran, r2 = 0.98; Based on the regression equations, the IDE, ME, MEn values (kcal/kg of DM) of rice were 3,185, 3,103 and 3,014, respectively, while for broken rice, the values were 3,199, 3,190, and 3,092 and for rice bran, the values were 2,562, 2,709, and 2,624, respectively.

PSVIII-4 Effect of coarse wheat bran and crude protein level in nursery diets without zinc oxide on pig performance

Abstract A total of 355 pigs (DNA 200x400; initially 5.6 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of coarse wheat bran and crude protein (CP) level in diets without pharmacological levels of zinc oxide on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM%). Pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments in a completely randomized design with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatment diets were fed in two phases (d 0 to 7 and 7 to 21) followed by a common diet fed d 21 to 45. Treatments included a positive control diet with ZnO, negative control without ZnO, and negative control with 4% wheat bran and formulated to contain 21, 19.5, 18, or 16.5% CP. All diets contained 1.35% SID lysine except the 18 and 16.5% (1.25 and 1.20% lysine) CP diets. Data were analyzed using the lmer function from the lme4 package in R. During the experimental period, decreasing CP decreased (linear, P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG, G:F, and d 21 BW, but increased (linear, P=0.005) fecal DM%. Pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P&amp;lt; 0.050) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to the negative control and diet with 21% CP and wheat bran. From d 21 to 45, pigs previously fed the 21% CP diet with wheat bran had increased (P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG compared to the positive control. Fecal DM on d 45 and G:F increased (P&amp;lt; 0.05) for pigs fed the 21% CP, wheat bran diet and negative control compared to those fed the positive control. Overall, pigs fed low CP diets had decreased (P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG while pigs fed the positive control had greater (P&amp;lt; 0.05) ADG compared to the negative control. Additional research is needed to determine if modifying low CP, wheat bran diets will elicit benefits of increased fecal DM% while maintaining growth performance.

Consumption and ingestive behaviour of lambs fed varying levels of babassu mesocarp bran

Voluntary consumption (VolC) and ingestive behaviour (IB) of lambs fed diets containing different percentages (0.0; 7.5; 15.0 and 22.5%) of babassu mesocarp bran (I-BMB) were evaluated. The trial was at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus de Araguaína-TO. Twenty lambs were evaluated using a completely randomized design, and five replications were performed. VolC data was obtained by measuring total volumes of both food supplied and food remaining after feeding. IB was evaluated throughout two, non-consecutive 24-h periods, with observations were recorded every five minutes that described the following behavioural variables: resting (REST), rumination (RUM), intake (INT) and chewing (CHEW). The particle size was also measured using a Penn State particle separator. All VolC parameters (dry matter intake, DMI; crude protein intake, CPI; neutral detergent fibre intake, NDFI; and acid detergent fibre intake, ADFI) increased linearly with I-BMB intake. I-BMB consumption did not interfere with water intake, nor did it affect I-BMB did not affect the duration of DMI, NDFI and ADFI. However, linear increases of rumination and chewing activities associated with DMI, NDFI and ADFI were observed as I-BMB levels increased. In summary, effects of inclusion I-BMB in diets of lambs included increased voluntary consumption, and reduced rumination and chewing, but not ingestion, efficiency. When economically favorable, these data suggest that inclusion of up to 22.5% I-BMB within balanced diets should be applied.

Effect of corn in diets for carnivorous catfish (Lophiosilurus alexandri) on metabolic and performance parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dietary corn bran levels on the performance and energy metabolism of catfish (Lophiosilurus alexandri) juveniles. In total, 120 juveniles with initial average weight of 20.85 ± 2.01 g were distributed in 20 40 L aquariums in a recirculation system. These were distributed across five treatments (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of carbohydrate) and four replicates (aquariums), and fed for 63 days. The parameters evaluated were performance, hepatosomatic index (IHS), viscerosomatic index (VSI), intestinal morphometry, glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase activity, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme activity. Different corn concentrations in diets affected performance, decreasing final weight and daily weight gain (DWG) by more than 10% (p < .05). There was no statistical difference for HSI, VSI and intestinal morphometry (p > .05). Glucose showed a linear behaviour, increasing with increasing corn bran levels. The activity of the amylase enzyme showed no significant difference between treatments (p > .05). The activity of malic enzyme and G6PD showed a linear behaviour, in which the treatment of 5% corn presented lower activity in the liver of the animals. It is therefore concluded that having a concentration of corn above 10% in the diet worsens the development of catfish juveniles.

Potential utilization of bulgur bran as a source of dietary fiber in cookies

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn this study, the utilization of bulgur bran as a fiber source in cookies was investigated. Different levels of bulgur bran (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) with different particle sizes (200 µm, 400 µm, 850 µm) were blended with flour, and the blends were evaluated for dietary fiber and phytic acid content. Also, the effect of bulgur bran on the rheological properties of dough and the physical, structural, and sensory properties of cookies were investigated.FindingsBulgur bran increased the amounts of dietary fiber in cookies significantly, depending on the addition rate. The addition of bulgur bran increased the phytic acid content of cookies. The water absorption, dough development time, and stability of the farinograms increased as the rate of incorporation and particle size of bulgur bran increased. As the particle size and bran levels increased in mixtures, cookie thickness increased, but the spread ratio decreased, and cookies became darker in color. The addition of bulgur bran increased the breaking strength of cookies. Sensory evaluation showed that as the particle size of the participating bran increased, consumer acceptability was reduced. It was concluded that acceptable cookies could be obtained by incorporating bulgur bran at rates lower than 10% in the formulation.ConclusionAs a result, it was determined that bulgur bran contained high amount of dietary fiber, whereas it contained low amount of phytic acid. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to other cereal brans, both in terms of functionality and human health.Significance and noveltyFindings of this study revealed useful information on chemical composition of bulgur bran and utilization in cookies. These results showed that bulgur bran could be used as a good source of fiber for different products in the bakery industry.

Effect of exogenous enzymes (phytase and xylanase) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed different quality diets

The use of plant by-products in aqua-feeds contributes to improving the sustainability of aquaculture, but also leads to increased levels of undesirable non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and phytate. NSP-degrading enzymes (i.e. xylanase) and phytase can be used as a tool to deal with NSP and phytate. A feeding trial was conducted to test whether the effects of phytase and xylanase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Nile tilapia are dependent on diet quality. Two diets were formulated, a control quality (CQ diet; 36% protein and 17% NSP) and a low quality diet (LQ diet; 32% protein and 30% NSP). The difference in diet quality was created by using higher levels of wheat bran, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, rice bran and wheat dried distiller's grain with solubles in the LQ diet. Both diets had the following enzyme treatments: 1) no enzymes, 2) phytase, and 3) phytase and xylanase. Phytase (Buttiauxella sp.) was supplemented at ca. 660 FTU/kg and xylanase at ca. 6596 U/kg. In total, 18 tanks (6 treatments, 3 replicates per treatment) were used with 30 fish each (mean initial body weight 39 g). Fish were restrictively fed at 80% of expected satiation for 42 days, by hand twice daily. Growth was determined by batch weighing of the fish at the start and at the end of the trial. Faeces were collected non-invasively using settling units in order to determine the nutrient digestibility, using yttrium as an inert marker. Fish fed the LQ diet had lower growth (1.35 g/d vs. 1.52 g/d) and nutrient digestibility (except for calcium and ash), compared to the CQ diet (P < .05). Phytase improved the digestibility of dry matter, total carbohydrates, NSP, energy, ash, phosphorus and calcium (P < .01) Phytase improved growth (g/d) by ca. 7% and phosphorus availability by ca. 29%. The improvement in growth with phytase was comparable between the two diets, improving the FCR from 1.04 to 0.97 and from 1.17 to 1.10 for the CQ and LQ diet, respectively. Xylanase supplementation, on top of phytase, did not enhance growth (P > .05). Xylanase improved digestibility of dry matter, energy, total carbohydrates and NSP (from 29.7% to 36.6%) of the LQ diet, but not of the CQ diet (interaction; P < .05). In conclusion, the effect of phytase on improved nutrient digestibility and performance was independent of diet quality, whereas the effect of xylanase was dependent on diet quality.

Effects of addition of buckwheat bran on physicochemical, pasting properties and starch digestion of buckwheat gels

This study investigated the effects of different levels of buckwheat bran inclusion onto the physicochemical, pasting properties and in vitro starch digestibility of buckwheat flour gels. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (DPPH radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power) were also measured. Total starch content per 100 g of gel ranged from 64.45 to 75.66, and the percentage of resistant starch ranged from 1.36% to 1.75%, while protein ranged from 12.07% to 12.93%. The results showed that the amount of bran addition decreased total starch and slightly reduced protein content, but increased resistant starch content. The level of bran addition increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the gels, while it reduced the blood sugar response. As the bran levels increased, the glucose released decreased (95.17, 84.08, 69.80, 60.23 mg glucose/g sample, respectively). The results showed that the bran of buckwheat (a pseudocereal) has nutritional value and can be used in the development of buckwheat products.

Total and partial replacement of corn meal with rice bran in lamb rations: Nutritional effects

The inclusion of rice bran in lamb diets as energetic concentrate has been explored at low levels as it was believed that at high inclusion, it might be detrimental for fiber intake and digestibility. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional effects of partial and total substitution of corn meal with rice bran in lamb diets. Four levels of inclusion of rice bran (0, 7.4, 14.9, and 22.5% of total diet) in substitution to corn meal were evaluated and four Santa Ines castrated male lambs with average body weight (BW ± SD) of 35.3 ± 1.30 kg were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. There was no effect of the inclusion level of rice bran on the dry matter and nutrient intakes (P > 0.05), except for fat and non-fiber carbohydrate intakes, which linearly increased and decreased respectively, as rice bran proportion increased in the diet (P < 0.01). In addition, inclusion of rice bran up to 22.5% of the dry matter intake of lambs did not affect apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance, rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH (P > 0.05). Therefore, rice bran could be used as an alternative feedstuff to corn meal in lamb diets.

Effect of whole grain flours on the overall quality characteristics of mulberry pestil

This research aimed to determine the effects of the structural ingredients (starch, wheat flour, wheat bran and whole grain flours from oat, barley, rye and wheat) on the physical, chemical and sensorial properties of the mulberry pestil. Effects of structural ingredients and their levels were statistically significant on colour values, total dry matter, ash, pH and titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total phenolic content and sensorial evaluation results (P < 0.01) of pestil samples. The characteristics of mulberry pestils ranged from 7.26 to 8.53 brix for total soluble solids, 90.23–92.67% total dry matter, 2.09–3.23% ash (in dry weight), 5.67–5.81 pH, 0.40–0.73% titratable acidity. The highest total phenolic contents were determined in samples containing whole oat flour and whole barley flour, while the lowest values were determined in samples containing starch. The L* values of the pestil samples increased with increasing barley flour and starch content whereas L* values decreased in the pestil samples containing wheat flour, whole rye flour, whole wheat flour, whole oat flour and wheat bran. The highest a* and b* values were measured in samples containing 9% level of starch, and the lowest a* and b* colour values were determined in samples containing 9% level of wheat bran. According to the sensorial evaluation results, the pestil samples produced with oat flour were generally more appreciated by panelists.

Quality of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) silage with different level of rice bran

This study aimed to determine the effect different levels of rice bran with on the quality of Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) silage, know the nutrient content of water hyacinth before and after fermentation and determine the effect of adding a dose of bran with a different level of the quality of water hyacinth silage (pH, moisture content, carbohydrate and nutrient contents). This research was conducted in the Subdistrict Rasau Jaya, District Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. The research design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. There are P0 = Control (0% of rice bran), P1 = 5% of rice bran, P2 = 7.5% of rice bran, P3 = 10% of rice bran, P4 = 12.5% of rice bran. The parameters of this research are crude protein, crude fibre, crude lipid, pH, moisture content and carbohydrate. The results showed that treatment with the addition of rice bran was highly significant on water content, but no significant effect on crude protein, crude lipid, and crude fibre.

Production of Noodles from Rice (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Oryza sativa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;), African Yam Bean (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sphenostylis stenocarpa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) and Rice Bran: A Tool for Ameliorating PEM and Hidden Hunger in Nigeria

In this study, the chemical composition and sensory properties of noodles prepared from flour blends of broken rice (R), African yam bean (AYB) and rice bran (B) were determined. A preliminary work was carried out to ascertain the optimal acceptable level of rice bran using 0 to 14% (w/w) addition to rice flour noodle processing. Rice bran yielded the most acceptable noodles at 8% (w/w). Consequently in the main study, the level of rice bran was maintained at 8% (w/w) while AYB and rice flours were varied in the ratios of 100:0:0, 92:0:8, 83:9:8, 64:28:8 and 46:46:8% giving a total of five samples. The noodles were characterized for proximate, mineral contents and sensory evaluation. The protein content of the noodles ranged between 5.8 and 18.4%, increasing with increasing ratios of AYB. Potassium, sodium and magnesium were the predominant minerals in the noodles ranging from 57.00 to 200.40 mg/100g, 1.60 to 105.10 mg/100g and 19.20 to 116.30 mg/100g respectively. Cooking time ranged from 6.0 to 8.3 min with sample 46:46:8R: AYB: B taking the longest time to cook while the control (Rice noodle) cooked fastest. Sample 46:46:8R: AYB: B had the highest sensory scores of 7.3 on a 9 point hedonic scale for General acceptability.

PSXIV-17 Effects of corn bran plus solubles and corn oil on growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls fed diets containing, on dietary dry matter basis, different levels of corn wet distillers bran plus solubles (WDBS; 0, 15, 30 or 45%) added with or without corn oil (CO; 0 and 3%). A total of 205 Nellore bulls (390 ± 25 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial body weight, distributed in 40 pens and pens within weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Diets were isonitrogenous and contained 8.5% sugarcane bagasse and 91.5% concentrate (ground corn, soybean meal, pelleted citrus pulp, urea, mineral). The WDBS (FlexyDDG®) and the corn oil were from SJC Bioenergia (Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil). Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. An interaction between CO × WDBS levels was observed for dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.032). In diets without CO, increasing levels of WDBS linearly (P = 0.004) reduced the DMI, but in diets containing 3% CO, increasing levels of WDBS quadraticaly affected the DMI (P = 0.002). No effects of CO, WDBSF levels or CO × WDBS levels were observed for final body weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. Feed efficiency tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for bulls fed diets containing CO (0.154 vs. 0.144). Increasing levels of WDBS tended (P = 0.09) to increase the feed efficiency. In summary, increasing levels of WDBS in finishing diets linearly (in diets without CO) or quadratically (in diets with CO) reduces the dry matter intake. Adding CO and WDBS tend to increase feed efficiency.

129 Effect of Ronozyme® WX supplementation on apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients in broiler chicks fed varying levels of rice bran

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rice bran (RB) and Ronozyme® WX on apparent and true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility coefficients in broiler chicks using a regression approach. Two hundred and forty 21-day-old Abor Acre plus chicks were randomly allotted to six diets with varying levels of RB (100, 200 and 300 g/kg) without (0g/kg) or with Ronozyme® WX (25g/kg) supplementation in a 2x3 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 8 birds each. The birds were fed for 5 days (d 22–26). On d 26, digesta was sampled from distal ileum. Data were analyzed using general linear model at α0.05. Lysine had the highest concentration among the essential amino acids (AAs) while the lowest concentration was observed for threonine. Rice bran at 10% for the essential amino acids with enzyme was significantly higher but compared with concentrations of RB at 10% and 20% without enzyme. There were no significant differences among the true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients except lysine (10% RB) without enzyme (0.91) which was significantly higher than 20% RB with enzyme (0.84) but similar to other treatments. Rice bran with enzyme had a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) interactive effect on the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of arginine, histidine, isoleucine methionine and phenylalanine. When RB was supplemented with enzyme, a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) interactive effect on true ileal digestibility coefficients of arginine and methionine was observed. Rice bran-enzyme interaction had no significant effect on the non-essential AAs. The slopes of the regression lines ranged from 0.77 (arginine) to 0.98 (phenylalanine). In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not significantly influence the digestibility coefficients of AA in rice bran. However, the inclusion of 10% and 20% RB supplemented with Ronozyme® can help to improve the methionine content in rice bran.

Wheat bran addition improves Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes growth on wheat straw, but not delignification

A rapid and complete colonization of lignocellulosic biomass by white-rot fungi is a prerequisite for an efficient and contamination free delignification. To improve the colonization, mycelium growth and delignification by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes of wheat straw, with addition of 2, 4, 6 and 10% of wheat bran for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, was evaluated. The ergosterol content, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) by ruminal microorganisms were determined. The fungal biomass and starch amount was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by the inclusion level of wheat bran and incubation time. An increase in added wheat bran increased the fungal biomass with different effects observed for the two fungi. The added starch from the wheat bran was degraded by C. subvermispora, mainly during the first two weeks (up to 44%), whereas, L. edodes degraded starch during 12 weeks up to 83%. The supplementation of wheat bran, however, did not affect (P > 0.05) the amount of hemicellulose and lignin at the end of the incubation. There was no significant effect of wheat bran addition on the IVGP for the two fungal treatments. Supplementation of wheat straw with wheat bran resulted in a quicker fungal colonization, which is useful for C. subvermispora, a fungus that forms only thin mycelium and is more prone to contamination than L. edodes.