Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Levels Research Articles

The influence of cord blood renalase and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) on perinatal and anthropometric parameters of newborns of mothers with gestational hypertension.

Renalase is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys, which takes part in the regulation of arterial pressure, myocardial contractility and modulation of vascular resistance, but its effect on renalase levels in newborns has not been studied yet. The levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were also evaluated as a marker of oxidative stress. This study examined whether renalase and AOPP levels are different in the cord blood of newborns exposed to gestational hypertension (HT). The association of both factors with perinatal and anthropometric data among the studied patients was assessed. The study included 89 newborns: 30 newborns from the study group, whose mothers were diagnosed with gestational HT, and 59 newborns born from normal pregnancies, who formed the control group. Anthropometric measurements and perinatal data in newborns in both groups were recorded. A significantly lower (p < 0.001) concentration of renalase was found in the study group (median (Q1-Q3): 23.96 μg/mL (20.63-26.91 μg/mL)) as compared to the control group (median (Q1-Q3): 37.54 μg/mL (33.78-40.02 μg/mL)). In case of AOPPs, a significantly higher (p < 0.001) concentration of AOPPs was observed in the study group (median (Q1-Q3): 131.65 μmol/L (113.80-146.10 μmol/L)) than in the controls (median (Q1-Q3): 93.70 μmol/L (87.10-111.20 μmol/L)). A significant difference between renalase and AOPP concentrations between the study and control groups has been demonstrated. Both factors may influence anthropometric and perinatal outcomes of newborns.

Evaluation of advanced protein oxidation and RAGE gene variants in the risk of laryngeal cancer

Laryngeal tumours with multifactorial etiopathogenesis constitute ∼1% of all body cancers. The imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems affects redox-homeostasis. The oxidative stress generated by the continuous formation of reactive oxygen species results in the oxidation of cellular molecules. The present study investigated the protein oxidation levels and the distribution of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) variants in the risk of laryngeal carcinoma (LC). RAGE gene polymorphisms were determined by restriction endonuclease-based assay in 120 controls and 120 LC patients. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine oxidant and antioxidant parameters including protein-carbonyl-groups (PCO), advanced-oxidation-protein-products (AOPP), lipid-hydroperoxides (LPH), thiol-fractures, superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity. The distributions of rs1800624 and rs2070600 genotypes differed non-significantly among the study groups, however, the rs2070600-Ser allele had a higher frequency among the patients. While rs1800624-A allele carriers had higher frequency of perineural and lymphatic invasion, rs2070600-Ser allele frequency was higher in advanced-stage patients and in patients with muscle and perineural invasion. PCO, AOPP, LPH levels, and SOD activity were significantly higher in the patients. According to AUCs all of them are of diagnostic importance, therefore, cut-off values were determined. The analysis of the combined effects of RAGE polymorphisms and the oxidative stress parameters showed that LPH, thiols, and SOD activity differ among RAGE variants. Our results suggest that high levels of serum PCO, AOPP, LPH, and SOD activity and rs2070600-Ser allele may have effects on LC risk individually and both polymorphisms of RAGE may affect the progression of the disease by interacting with the oxidant–antioxidant system.

Oral supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite during prepartum period influences the redox status of peripheral blood and colostrum of primiparous dairy cows

Redox imbalance in peripartum period influences health of dairy cows and their foetus and, through the colostrum, health of new-born calves. Oxidative stress in cattle can be suppressed by dietary supplementation with natural minerals, and we investigated the effect of supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite on redox status parameters in healthy pregnant primiparous dairy cows. Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive daily oral drenching, with 1 L of water containing either 0 g/L (n = 14; control group) or 150 g/L of clinoptilolite (n = 17; supplemented group). Treatment lasted from 24 ± 4 days prior to parturition until 2 days postpartum (pp). Blood samples were collected on days 24 ± 4 (–24 D) and 4 ± 2 (–4 D) prior to parturition and on days 1 (+1 D), 2 (+2 D), and 7 (+7 D) pp, and colostrum were collected at 2, 12, 24 and 36 h pp. Total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxides, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were determined in peripheral blood plasma, erythrocytes, and colostrum whey. The concentration of antioxidants in the peripheral blood of supplemented cows was increased by 41% and 19% on (+2 D) and (+7 D), respectively, while the concentration of lipid peroxides on (+7 D) was lowered by 57% compared with the control group. In addition, this supplementation increased erythrocyte AOPP level on (–4 D) 61%) and colostral lipid peroxides level (90%) at 24 h pp. The results of this study showed that applied short-term supplementation with clinoptilolite influences redox homeostasis and may contribute to effective adaptation of primiparous cows to redox imbalance in the peripartum period. Highlights Short-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite in the prepartum period modulates redox homeostasis of the dairy cows’ blood plasma. Short-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite contributes to adaptation of dairy cows to redox imbalance in the peripartum period. Short-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite increase the level of lipid peroxides in colostrum of dairy cows.

MO556: Markers of Oxidative Stress and Coronary Calcifications in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased in hemodialysis patients. Oxidative stress is considered to be an important factor in these cardiovascular complications in these patients. The aim of this research is to establish the link between the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the serum of hemodialysis patients and coronary calcifications. METHOD This is a longitudinal study involving 67 hemodialysis patients, all patients underwent a Coro-CT scan to assess coronary calcifications according to the Agatston coronary calcium score (SCCA). We divided the patients into three groups according to their low (0–100), medium (101–400) and severe calcification score &amp;gt; 400, we measured the levels of AOPP in the three groups and we studied the correlation between the rate of AOPP at the level of the different groups. RESULTS The mean age of the patients is 55 ± 12.5 years, the sex ratio is 1.3, the mean us-CRP level is 12.5 mg/L, the mean NO, AOPP, MDA level, MPO and LDLox are respectively (62.188 ± 5.598, 70.82 ± 10, 6.97 ± 0.488 µmol/L, 61.466 ± 8.82 IU/mL and 31.755 ± 3.9 µmol/l), we divided the patients into three groups according to the agtston coronary calcium score (SCCA), we found 27% of the patients had a low score (0–100), 48% had a moderate sore (101–400) and 25% had a severe score &amp;gt;400. We found that the rate of oxidative stress markers worsened with increasing calcification score, patients with a low score had levels of NO, AOPP, MDA, MPO and LDLox are respectively (67.2 ± 6.5, 64.9 ± 7, 3.24 ± 0.32, 57.8 ± 6.9 IU/mL and 10.17 ± 1.9 µmol/l), the mean score had respective levels of NO, AOPP, MDA, MPO and LDLox are respectively (62.5 ± 3.2, 72.7 ± 12, 7.2 ± 0.24 µmol/L, 60.34 ± 5.7 IU/mL and 27.6 ± 2.1 µmol/L) and patients with a severe calcification score had NO, AOPP, MDA, MPO and LDLox levels respectively (59.3 ± 2.4, 82.82 ± 12, 9.45 ± 0.34 µmol/L, 74.23 ± 9.7 IU/mL and 42.89 ± 5.19 µmol/L), there are positive correlations between the rate of coronary calcifications and the levels of markers oxidative stress NO, AOPP, MDA, MPO and LDLox) which are respectively (r = 0744, P = 0.0001; r = 0.777, P = 0.000; r = 0.318, P = 0.000; r = 0.620, P = 0.000; r = 0.526, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Markers of oxidative stress are higher in hemodialysis patients with vascular calcifications, they can be predictors of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients.

Evaluation of antioxidative enzymes levels and lipid peroxidation products levels in diabetic and non diabetic senile cataract patients.

The current study aimed to investigate the Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase activity, Advanced oxidation Protein products levels, Malondialdehyde levels, Baseline Conjugated Diene concentration, and 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (8-IPG-F2α) quantification in diabetic and non-diabetic senile cataract patients to find out the pathomechanism of early onset of cataract in diabetic patients. This case-control study was performed on 184 subjects undergoing cataract surgery. For 8-IPG-F2α quantification, 35 diabetics and non-diabetic lenses and the entire study included 22 patients with diabetic senile cataracts and non-diabetic senile cataracts of aqueous humor age ≥ 40years. Ninety-two patients with diabetic senile cataract and non-diabetic senile cataract lenses aged ≥ 40years were incorporated for all other studies. The student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. From the study population, the mean age was 63.82 ± 0.6, and 75% of them were female. Higher female prevalence in both groups was observed. The results revealed that the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001) in both lenses and aqueous humor. Malondialdehyde, conjugated diene, and 8-IPG-F2α levels significantly increased in diabetic patients when compared to non-diabetic (p < 0.01), and advanced oxidation protein products levels also significantly increased in diabetic patients when compared to non-diabetics in both lenses and aqueous humor (p < 0.001). The current study revealed that oxidative stress and Lipid per-oxidation have an imperative role in the diabetic-related complication, specifically in the lens, may have a responsibility in the pathomechanism of early onset of cataracts coupled with diabetes mellitus.

Chemoprotection by Kolaviron of Garcinia kola in Benzene-induced leukemogenesis in Wistar rats

ABSTRACT Kolaviron (KV) is a biflavonoid phytoconstituent of defatted Garcinia kola seeds that possessed antiproliferative and pharmacological activities. Benzene is an industrial solvent that, however, constitutes occupation hazard, leading to hematological disturbance and leukemia. Therefore, the potency of kolaviron against benzene-induced hematological and myeloid toxicity leading to leukemia was investigated in a rat model. Preleukemic conditions were induced in Wistar rats by intravenous administration of benzene solution. Following induction, 200 mg/kg kolaviron was administered orally for seven days. Hematological parameters, percentage blast cell occurrence and blood cell morphology were compared between baseline control and leukemic rats with or without kolaviron treatment. Plasma activity of arylesterase of paraoxonase-1, total thiol and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) along with clastogenicity and bone marrow architecture was assessed. Kolaviron restored altered hematology, reduced the occurrence of blasts and improved blood cell morphology. Kolaviron also decreased levels of AOPPs, increased total thiol, improved arylesterase activity and mitigated clastogenicity and dysplasia induced in leukemic rats. In conclusion, kolaviron protected against benzene-induced hematological and myeloid toxicities that are implicated in leukemia.

Oxidative stress in patients with asthma and its relation to uncontrolled asthma.

This study aims to evaluate markers of oxidative stress in Tunisian asthmatic patients and investigate whether their markers are correlated with uncontrolled asthma.This prospective cohort study was conducted on 48 healthy subjects and 60 patients with asthma (34 patients with controlled asthma and 26 patients with uncontrolled asthma). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were estimated in plasma by spectrophotometry.Asthmatic patients have significantly higher plasmatic levels of MDA and AOPP than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Lower GSH level and GPx activity were found in patients with asthma compared to controls (p < 0.001). In contrast, higher SOD activity was noted in asthmatic patients (p < 0.001).The comparison among the patients with controlled asthma and uncontrolled asthma revealed increased MDA and AOPP levels and SOD activity (p < 0.001) as well as a decreased GSH level and GPx activity (p = 0.004, p = 0.019) in patients with uncontrolled asthma. Spirometry level was significantly correlated with SOD activity (r = 0.447; p = 0.010), whereas no significant correlations were found with the other parameters (MDA, AOPP, GSH, and GPx).Asthmatic patients, especially those with uncontrolled asthma, suffer a high degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation causing considerable oxidative stress. Increased MDA level and SOD activity and reduced GPx activity were predictors of poorly controlled asthma.

Advanced glycation end-products and advanced oxidation protein products in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia pathophysiology is still not well understood. Genetic factors involving biochemical systems are key players and oxidative stress takes part to the development and worsening of SZ. Oxidative stress led to the permanent production of oxidation products such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). These proteins interact with their receptor amplifying ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines sustaining a permanent loop. We tested plasma levels of AGEs and AOPPs in 30 SZ patients. Their levels were statistically higher than controls confirming their involvement in mental disorders. Antioxidant nutraceuticals and a healthy lifestyle could diminish oxidative stress and ameliorate SZ symptoms.

Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Oxidative Posttranslational Protein Modifications and Brain Homogenate Denaturation in the Kindling Model of Epilepsy in Mice.

This study focused on the ketogenic diet (KD) effects on oxidative posttranslational protein modification (PPM) as presumptive factors implicated in epileptogenesis. A 28-day of KD treatment was performed. The corneal kindling model of epileptogenesis was used. Four groups of adult male ICR mice (25-30g) were randomized in standard rodent chow (SRC) group, KD-treatment group; SRC + kindling group; KD + kindling group (n = 10 each). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and protein carbonyl contents of brain homogenates together with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were evaluated. Two exothermic transitions (Exo1 and Exo2) were explored after deconvolution of the thermograms. Factor analysis was applied. The protective effect of KD in the kindling model was demonstrated with both decreased seizure score and increased seizure latency. KD significantly decreased glucose and increased ketone bodies (KB) in blood. Despite its antiseizure effect, the KD increased the AOPP level and the brain proteome's exothermic transitions, suggestive for qualitative modifications. The ratio of the two exothermic peaks (Exo2/Exo1) of the thermograms from the KD vs. SRC treated group differed more than twice (3.7 vs. 1.6). Kindling introduced the opposite effect, changing this ratio to 2.7 for the KD + kindling group. Kindling significantly increased glucose and KB in the blood whereas decreased the BW under the SRC treatment. Kindling decreased carbonyl proteins in the brain irrespectively of the diet. Further evaluations are needed to assess the nature of correspondence of calorimetric images of the brain homogenates with PPM.

Olive cake reduces obesity by decreasing epididymal adipocyte size, inhibiting oxidative stress and pancreatic lipase, in rat fed high fat diet

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of olive cake (OC) on oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, lipase activity and on the histological analysis of epididymal fat, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Design/methodology/approach Male obese rats were divided into two groups and were fed an HFD supplemented (HFD-OC) or not (HFD) with OC for 28 days. A control group was fed a standard diet for the same experimental period. Findings HFD significantly increased body weight, which was reduced by OC in the HFD-OC compared to HFD (p = 0.038). Lipase activity was higher (52%; p = 0.009) in the HFD group than the control group. Administration of OC to the obese rats decreased significantly this activity (38%; p = 0.025) compared to the HFD group. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxide and advanced oxidation protein products levels were significantly increased in the HFD group than the control group (p = 0.032, p = 0.023 and p = 0.017, respectively). These levels were significantly reduced in HFD-OC compared to the HFD group (p = 0.030, p = 0.021 and p = 0.010, respectively). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were decreased (53%; p = 0.04), (61%; p = 0.03) and (32%; p = 0.002), in the HFD group than the control group. OC restored these activities (46%; p = 0.01), (58%; p = 0.003) and (30%; p = 0.0003) in the HFD-OC rats than the HFD rats. Consumption of the HFD resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy. Indeed, epididymal adipocyte size was significantly larger in the HFD group than the control group (p = 0.0001), whereas it was reduced in the HFD-OC compared to the HFD group (p = 0.012). Originality/value OC possesses an anti-obesity effect. This effect might be mediated by lipase inhibition, reduced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant activities. In addition, the reduction of fat accumulation in adipose tissue by OC consumption is reflected by reducing adipocyte size.

Level of advanced oxidation protein products is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis

BackgroundOxidative stress is an important factor in the pathomechanism of atherosclerosis. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are considered markers of oxidative stress. Thickening of the carotid intima-media layers indicates subclinical atherosclerosis and can be detected by carotid ultrasound.ObjectiveOur aim was to examine the association between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the level of AOPPs.MethodsCarotid duplex scans and measurements of AOPPs were performed on 476 participants of a cardiovascular population study. The presence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors was investigated with a questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between maximum CIMT and the level of AOPPs only in the male population (r = 0.219, p = 0.033). Multivariate analysis has revealed that the association between AOPPs and mean or maximum CIMT was independent of cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 1.458, p = 0.004, and OR = 2.038, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong males, the elevated level of AOPPs as a marker of oxidative stress may signal the existence of early atherosclerotic alterations.

Evaluation of Levels of Advanced Oxidative Protein Products in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with and without Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition with a multifactorial aetiology. Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an immunoinflammatory disease that is linked to PCOS via the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to an imbalance in the antioxidant system. However, limited studies have evaluated the relationship between these diseases. The current study aims to evaluate the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in patients with periodontitis and PCOS. Four groups, each consisting of 12 patients, with both PCOS and CP (PCOSCP), systemically healthy women with CP, periodontally healthy women with PCOS (PCOSPH), and periodontally and systemically healthy women (PH) were included in the study. Clinical parameters such as clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing (BOP), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) index were noted. AOPP were evaluated in the saliva and serum samples by spectrophotometric detection. Salivary and serum AOPP levels were highest in the PCOSCP group (75.16 ± 7.50 μmol/l, 97.92 ± 6.50 μmol/l, respectively). Statistical significance (P<0.05) was noted between the salivary AOPP levels of the PCOSCP group and PCOS group. PISA was greatest in the PCOSCP group (1338.40 ± 285.96 mm2 ) followed by the PCOS group (680.33 ± 79.49 mm2 ), which showed the impact of PCOS on gingival inflammation. According to the results of this study, increased levels of advanced oxidative protein products appeared to show the effect of CP on worsening PCOS.

Akupunkturun, Obez Kadınlardaki Kolesterol, Antioksidan ve Oksidan Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri: Klinik Deneyler

Objective: Obesity has a profound adverse impact on health care systems. Acupuncture has been shown to have beneficial effects on obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acupuncture on serum oxidative stress parameters in obese women. Material and Methods: During the study, 20 obese patients had acupuncture treatment, and as a control group, 20 obese patients had sham acupuncture treatment. Serum samples were taken from each patient before the first session and at the end of the 10th session and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), the serum activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) were measured. Results: Changes in the serum levels of TG, HDL, MDA, AOPP and activity of SOD after the treatment compared to before the treatment in both acupuncture and sham acupuncture treated groups were found insignificant (p>0.05). On the other hand, the TC and LDL levels were observed to decrease significantly in comparison to the before-treatment values in both the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups (p<0.05). In addition to this, the GPx activity significantly increased only as a result of the acupuncture treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that acupuncture treatment may be effective in reducing cholesterol levels and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

The effect of hydrogen sulfide on ischemi̇a /reperfusion injury in an experimental testicular torsion model

Testicular torsion is an acute pediatric surgical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis to prevent the permanent ischaemic damage of the testicles. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) have shown to cure tissue damage and has a role in the prevention of I/R damage. We aimed to evaluate the effect of H2S in testicular torsion. Eighteen male, Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. The sham group which is applied surgical stress. The ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R) which detorsion performed 1h later than testicular torsion application. I/R+NaHS treatment group, NaHS solution was injected intraperitoneally for 1 week. On the 7th day of the detorsion all left testes were fixed in Bouin solution and sent to Pathology Department for histopathological examination. All right testes were washed with normal saline, dried in a sterile way and stored in - 80°C deepfreeze up to the date of biochemical processes. Testicular tissues were obtained for the detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), AOPP (advanced oxidation protein product) for oxidant markers and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities for antioxidant markers and histopathological exploration. The effects of NaHs administration on oxidation were evaluated by determination of testicular MPO, MDA and AOPP levels. Increased testicular MPO (58.6%) activity was observed in the I/R group compared to the sham group. Following NaHS treatment, MPO (26.7%) activity was significantly decreased in rats exposed to I/R injury (Figure1). MDA levels did not alter. Increases in AOPP (20.9%) levels were observed in the I/R group. NaHS treatment resulted in significant decreases in AOPP (25.1%) levels in testes tissues of rats exposed to I/R injury. The effects of NaHS treatment on antioxidant system FRAP, SOD, GSH and GSH-Px activities were evaluated. GSH levels were significantly increased in the IR+NaHS group compared to the I/R group. In histopathological examination degeneration of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells were observed in the I/R group. After NaHS treatment, normal spermatogenic activity with many spermatozoa in the lumen of most seminiferous tubules were observed in the I/R injured rats. According to Johnsen's scoring (JS), the I/R group was significantly decreased compared to the sham group. JS values for the I/R+NaHS group were significantly increased compared to the I/R group. Our study supports that ischemia/reperfusion injury plays an important role in the testicular torsion injury, and it is a pioneer study showing that H₂S may have a potential for therapeutic effect. The limitation of this work is this is an experimental study with limited number of animals. According to the results of our study, hydrogen sulfide treatment has beneficial effects on biochemical and histopathological results of testicular injury in testic torsion.

Oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration in IgA nephropathy.

The aim of this study wasto evaluate the interactions among serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration and their clinical correlates in patients with IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). A total of 47 patients with biopsy-proven primary IgAN, aged between 16 and 79 years,with a follow-up period ≥ 1 year or whoshowed progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) regardless the duration of follow-up were included. Study endpoint was the progression to ESKD. Serum Gd-IgA1 and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were measured using ELISA assays. Kidney biopsies were evaluated according to the Oxford MEST-C scoring, withC4d and CD68 staining. Seventeen patients (36%) experienced ESKD during a median follow-up time of 6 years (IQR 3.7-7.5). Serum AOPP levels were correlated with the intensity of glomerular C3 deposition (r = 0.325, p = 0.026), glomerular (r = 0.423, p = 0.003) and interstitial CD68 + cell count (r = 0.298, p = 0.042) and Gd-IgA1 levels (r = 0.289, p = 0.049). Serum Gd-IgA1 levels were correlated withthe intensity of C3 deposition (r = 0.447, p = 0.002). eGFR at biopsy (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.979 p = 0.011), and E score (aHR, 8.305, p = 0.001) were associated with progression to ESKD in multivariate analysis. 5-year ESKD-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with higher E score compared to patients with E score 0 [p = 0.021]. An increased number of macrophages in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial area may play arole in oxidative stress and complement system activation. Endocapillary hypercellularity is a predictive factor for poor prognosis in IgAN.

Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers' Levels in Obese Patients.

In view of research suggesting a possible beneficial impact of vitamin D on systemic inflammatory response, the authors decided to investigate an influence of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of certain inflammatory markers in obese patients. The current study included such biomarkers as interleukin-6 (IL-6), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CX3CL1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and nitric oxide (NO). The measurements were performed with the ELISA method before and after 3-month-long supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D orally. The results showed that the therapy did not induce any statistically significant changes in serum levels of MCP-1, IL-6, CX3CL1, and PACAP. The supplementation was related to a significant increase in measurements of NO and AOPP levels, although the correlation analysis between vitamin D concentration after its supplementation and the concentration of the molecular parameters did not show significant relation. In conclusion, our study seems to contradict certain aspects of findings available in the literature regarding the vitamin D’s impact.

Advanced oxidation protein products contribute to chronic kidney disease-induced muscle atrophy by inducing oxidative stress via CD36/NADPH oxidase pathway.

BackgroundSarcopenia with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is associated with life prognosis. Oxidative stress has attracted interest as a trigger for causing CKD‐related muscular atrophy. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), a uraemic toxin, are known to increase oxidative stress. However, the role of AOPPs on CKD‐induced muscle atrophy remains unclear.MethodsIn a retrospective case–control clinical study, we evaluated the relationship between serum AOPPs levels and muscle strength in haemodialysis patients with sarcopenia (n = 26, mean age ± SEM: 78.5 ± 1.4 years for male patients; n = 22, mean age ± SEM: 79.1 ± 1.5 for female patients), pre‐sarcopenia (n = 12, mean age ± SEM: 73.8 ± 2.0 years for male patients; n = 4, mean age ± SEM: 74.3 ± 4.1 for female patients) or without sarcopenia (n = 12, mean age ± SEM: 71.3 ± 1.6 years for male patients; n = 7, mean age ± SEM: 77.7 ± 1.6 for female ). The molecular mechanism responsible for the AOPPs‐induced muscle atrophy was investigated by using 5/6‐nephrectomized CKD mice, AOPPs‐overloaded mice, and C2C12 mouse myoblast cells.ResultsThe haemodialysis patients with sarcopenia showed higher serum AOPPs levels as compared with the patients without sarcopenia. The serum AOPPs levels showed a negative correlation with grip strength (P < 0.01 for male patients, P < 0.01 for female patients) and skeletal muscle index (P < 0.01 for male patients). Serum AOPPs levels showed a positive correlation with cysteinylated albumin (Cys‐albumin), a marker of oxidative stress (r 2 = 0.398, P < 0.01). In the gastrocnemius of CKD mice, muscle AOPPs levels were also increased, and it showed a positive correlation with atrogin‐1 (r 2 = 0.538, P < 0.01) and myostatin expression (r 2 = 0.421, P < 0.05), but a negative correlation with PGC‐1α expression (r 2 = 0.405, P < 0.05). Using C2C12 cells, AOPPs increased atrogin‐1 and myostatin expression through the production of reactive oxygen species via CD36/NADPH oxidase pathway, and decreased myotube formation. AOPPs also induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In the AOPPs‐overloaded mice showed that decreasing running time and hanging time accompanied by increasing AOPPs levels and decreasing cross‐sectional area in gastrocnemius.ConclusionsAdvanced oxidation protein products contribute to CKD‐induced sarcopenia, suggesting that AOPPs or its downstream signalling pathway could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD‐induced sarcopenia. Serum AOPPs or Cys‐albumin levels could be a new diagnostic marker for sarcopenia in CKD.

Oxidative stress and cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Oxidative stress is assumed to be the underlying feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To our knowledge, the mutual involvement of redox status homeostasis parameters [i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative-stress index (OSI)] and cardiometabolic biomarkers in subjects with NAFLD has not been examined yet. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate this potential relationship. A total of 122 subjects with NAFLD were compared with 56 participants without NAFLD. The diagnosis of NAFLD was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. OSI, Castelli’s Risk Index I (CRI-I) and Castelli’s Risk Index II (CRI-II) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to test the predictions of oxidative stress and cardiometabolic markers, respectively for NAFLD. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore its mutual effect on NAFLD status. Significant positive associations of CRI-I, CRI-II, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and AOPP with NAFLD were found. PCA analysis extracted 3 significant factors: Oxidative stress-cardiometabolic related factor (i.e., triglycerides, AOPP, HDL-c and HbA1c)-explained 36% of variance; Pro-oxidants related factor (i.e., TOS and PAB)-explained 17% of variance; and Antioxidants related factor (i.e., TAS)-explained 15% of variance of the tested parameters. Moreover, binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant predictive ability of Oxidative stress-cardiometabolic related factor (p < 0.001) and Pro-oxidants related factor (p < 0.05) for NAFLD status. In addition to oxidative stress (i.e., determined by higher AOPP levels), dyslipidemia (i.e., determined by higher lipid indexes: CRI-I and CRI-II) and inflammation (determined by higher hsCRP) are independently related to NAFLD status. The mutual involvement of pro-oxidants (i.e., TOS and PAB), or the joint involvement of pro-oxidants (i.e., AOPP) and cardiometabolic parameters (i.e., HbA1c, triglycerides and HDL-c) can differentiate subjects with NAFLD from those individuals without this metabolic disorder. New studies are needed to validate our results in order to find the best therapeutic approach for NAFLD.

A potential role of Sirtuin3 and its target enzyme activities in patients with ovarian endometrioma

Objective Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is a NAD+-dependent major mitochondrial deacetylase. In this study, we aimed to investigate SIRT3 levels and their target enzyme activities, including glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), also to determine the antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in tissue, mitochondria and serum samples in ovarian endometrioma patients. Methods We collected serum and endometrioma tissue samples from 30 patients. In the control group, we collected serum and eutopic endometrial tissue samples from 26 women without endometriosis. Results SIRT3 levels were significantly decreased in endometrioma tissue samples compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in SIRT3 levels between patient and control serum samples. Furthermore, there was a decrease in GDH and SDH enzyme activities in both endometrioma tissue homogenate and mitochondria. MnSOD activity was decreased in tissue homogenate but increased in mitochondria and there was no difference in serum. While total SOD activity was decreased, CuZnSOD activity was increased in both tissue and serum samples. Besides these, total antioxidant capacity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were decreased in endometrioma tissue and mitochondria, but there was no difference in serum. Conclusions Our results suggested that decreased levels of SIRT3 in endometrioma may be an important factor in the weakening of mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant defense in endometriosis. We think that SIRT3 deficiency may be an important factor underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis. More detailed studies are needed to reveal the relationship between SIRT3 and metabolism and oxidative stress in ovarian endometrioma.

Examination of the effect of curcumin in experimental liver damage created by diethylnitrosamine in Swiss albino mice to superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products levels.

In this study, the effects of curcumin, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, advanced protein oxidation products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in experimental liver damage with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Swiss albino mice were investigated. The subjects (n = 9) used in the study were divided into 5 groups as tumor control 1, tumor control 2, curcumin protective, curcumin treatment and healthy control groups Curcumin oral gavage (in 150mg/kg of ethylalcohol) was given to the protecting group for 19 days, 5 days before the administration of DEN, and 24h after the administration of DEN. Hundred microliters of ethylalcohol oral gavage was given to the healthy group for 19 days. While MDA levels decreased significantly in the curcumin preservative group (p<0.05), (p=0.002), the decrease was not significant in the treatment groups (p>0.05), (p=0.128). AOPP levels decreased significantly in the curcumin protective group (p<0.05), (p=0.009) but the decrease in the treatment group was not found significant (p>0.05), (p=0.073). SOD activities increased significantly in both groups. It was found as (p<0.05), (p=0.001) and (p<0.05), (p=0.002), respectively. GSH levels decreased but these reductions were not found statistically significant. CAT activities increased significantly in both groups. It was determined as (p<0.05), (p=0.001) for both groups.