Level In Ukraine Research Articles

Означення складових моделі трансферу технологій: євроінтеграційний аспект

Technology transfer requires cooperation between stakeholders, intellectual property issues, and risk management to implement innovations in production successfully. This necessitates the improvement of the technology transfer model. The introduction of innovations is a critical factor in the post-war recovery and development of the agricultural sector, a strategic branch of Ukraine's economy. The article aims to determine the main components of the technology transfer model, considering the requirements of EU directives on innovation and technology transfer. The level of Ukraine's involvement in European initiatives and programs regarding the creation and implementation of innovations and the protection of intellectual property was assessed. Based on EU legislation and directives analysis, measures to improve the technology transfer model have been identified. These measures aim to create an effective infrastructure and a favourable environment for the transfer of technologies that consider European integration requirements and contribute to increasing the competitiveness and sustainable development of Ukraine as a European state. The steps that must be taken to ensure compliance of Ukrainian national standards and technical regulations with EU standards have been determined. The main principles and directives that regulate the transfer of technologies in the EU were disclosed. To the requirements of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy and the F2F strategy, the technology transfer model in the agricultural sector should cover several features of agricultural production. The article presents three main components of effectively constructing a technology transfer model in the Ukrainian agricultural sector. The study results indicate that technology transfer requires the cooperation of various stakeholders, the resolution of intellectual property issues, and risk management to implement innovations in production successfully.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПРИНЦИПУ ДОБРОВІЛЬНОСТІ У ПРАВОВИХ МОДЕЛЯХ МЕДІАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to the research of the concept of the principles of mediation, the disclosure of the content of the principle of voluntariness of mediation and the definition of the problems of applying the principle of voluntariness of mediation in various legal models of mediation. It is determined that the principles of mediation are interrelated fundamental ideas that enable and define mediation as an alternative dispute resolution. The definition of the principle of voluntariness as one of the fundamental principles of mediation is formulated. The components of the principle of voluntary mediation are determined, which remain inviolable when mediation is mandatory and form its basis as a legal institution. The analysis of the foreign experience of the implementation of the mandatory model of mediation was carried out and the connection between the principle of voluntary mediation and the mandatory pre-trial model of mediation was shown. It is argued that the introduction of a mandatory pre-trial model of mediation for certain categories of cases does not deprive the parties of the right to apply to the court if necessary. The thesis regarding the expediency of enshrining at the legislative level in Ukraine the possibility of stopping the running of the limitations period when the parties to the dispute turn to mediation for the duration of its mediation to ensure unhindered access to the judiciary is substantiated.

МОЛОДІЖНЕ БЕЗРОБІТТЯ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ТА РОЗРОБКА ЗАХОДІВ ЩОДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ МОЛОДІ

In the article, the problems of youth employment during martial law, as well as the causes of youth unemployment and ways to solve them are researched. The attention is focused on the fact that to overcome youth unemployment, it is important to direct the key guidelines of the state youth policy and the employment policy to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 8, which will involve the gradual transition to a modern innovative model, the priority of which will be a qualified highly paid workforce, and that shall contribute to the reduction of unemployment and the improvement of the living standard of the working population (including youth).The dynamics of the youth number in Ukraine, as well as its distribution by age, were studied. The selection of the most popular specialties chosen by young people was conducted, and their compliance with the needs of the labor market of Ukraine was assessed. It has been proven that when choosing a future profession, the applicants should ask what kinds of specialists will be needed, which will help to avoid the risk of replenishing the unemployment rank, taking into account the fact that there will be significant changes in the professional structure of the labor demand due to the post-war recovery of the country. The statistical data of the number of the officially registered unemployed were researched, TOP –5 the most sought-after vacancies in the labor market at the beginning of 2023, and the salary level, the reason of the refusal by youth from actual vacancies were outlined.It has been proven that the activation of the processes of the youth migration significantly affect the unemployment level in Ukraine. The employment level of youth abroad was assessed. To reduce the youth unemployment level, the authors proposed some measures, including: changing the vector of the career guidance work, monitoring the employers’ expectations and aligning the mastering of the necessary competencies during the profession acquisition; involving the youth in recovery processes under the “Vidnova” program; stimulation of the labor demand through the formation of a state order for the specialties that are strategically important for the country; development of the measures to actively restore the country’s economic potential, which will help to return young people who have forcibly migrated abroad.

Polityka nazewnicza Ukrainy w obliczu wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej na przykładzie zmian nazewnictwa miejskiego

Over the last 30 years, the Ukrainian state has undergone several waves of changes in toponymy, both oykonymy and urbanonymy. These changes were caused by socio-political changes. After Russia’s open military attack on Ukraine began on February 24, 2022, the phenomenon of broad derussification and, with it, Ukrainization of the linguistic space can be observed. This trend is visible in the language policy implemented by the authorities at various levels in Ukraine, including changes within official proper names. The article analyzes the latest changes in the names of selected cities in Ukraine.

Budgetary Provision of Sustainable Development of Spatial Formations in the Conditions of European Integration: the Experience of Poland for Ukraine

The study of the article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the experience of the countries of the world in terms of effective practices of budgetary support for the sustainable development of spatial formations. Budget equalization is considered as a mechanism for ensuring balanced budgets of all levels, which is an urgent need for territorial entities of all levels in Ukraine. The main types of fiscal rules for ensuring budgetary balance according to the version of the International Monetary Fund are presented. The infographic of the application of the specified rules is presented with a breakdown by group of countries with different income levels. The process of budget balancing in Poland will be examined in detail. The budgetary capacity of authorities at the regional and local levels in Poland is characterized, the main sources of income at each level are illustrated. It was established that the experience of budget regulation in Poland is extremely important for Ukraine, both from the point of view of geographical proximity and administrative-territorial identity, and from the point of view of macroeconomic indicators. A parallel study of budgetary security at the levels of ATU in Poland and Ukraine, synchronized by territorial units with similar characteristics in terms of population and area, was conducted. Based on the results of the study, a number of conclusions were drawn regarding the application of Polish experience for the next stage of the decentralization process in Ukraine. By means of analytical and calculation methods of research, the need to strengthen the effectiveness of the budgetary provision of territorial communities to improve social standards has been proven. It is recommended to take measures to provide local self-government with additional powers that will allow it to improve the financial situation of communities to a self-sufficient level and, in the future, to sustainable development (bringing them to European social standards).

Економічні інструменти подолання екологічних проблем в Україні

The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving the economic instruments for overcoming ecological problems in Ukraine. A significant deterioration in the state of the environment in an unstable economic situation is emphasized. The significant aggravation of ecological and economic problems in the country during the wartime and the need to overcome them are underlined. The dynamics of changes in the state of the environment, in particular the volume of waste generation and disposal in Ukraine during 2016-2020, is examined. It is concluded that there is an unstable trend of changes in the volume of waste generated, which allowed to state the inconsistent and unsystematic ecological policy of the government recently. As a positive point, the tendency to reduction of the waste of I–III hazard classes is specified. The tendency to decrease the volume of recycled and burned waste and increase the amount of waste in specially designated places and facilities is determined, which can also be the cause of aggravation of ecological problems in the country. An analysis of the dynamics of capital investments and current costs for the protection and rational use of natural resources is carried out. It is concluded that at the state level in Ukraine the problem of greening production has not yet been resolved. It is emphasized that ecologically safe and resource-saving technologies, as well as waste processing and purification require additional financial investments. It is underlined that economic instruments for regulating the behavior of economic and ecological systems today require additional substantiation. The possibilities of more efficient use of methods of taxation, customs policy, lending, provision of subsidies and benefits, imposition of fines, etc. are considered. The need to introduce ecological management as an important direction to overcome ecological problems in the country is proved. In order to ensure the efficiency of the considered economic instruments, the need for an appropriate control system with performance control and compliance with standards is substantiated.

Косович Б. І. ГУМАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЦІННОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ВИКЛИКИ ВІЙНИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ

The article is devoted to issues of the importance of preserving the humanizing values of the Ukrainian economy during the war and the post-war period. The scientific manuscript aims to identify the main humanizing challenges for the modern economy and determine the damage caused by the war to human-oriented values, to find out possible ways of their preservation and restoration in the conditions of the war and the post-war period. The methodological basis of scientific research is a complex of general scientific methods, particularly historical methods, methods of analysis, synthesis, judgment and generalization. Findings. Examples of violations of the humanizing achievements of the domestic economy by the russian aggressor are given. Priority steps aimed at averting the threat of a humanitarian economic catastrophe caused by the purposeful destruction of the Ukrainian economy by the rashists are proposed. Possible ways out of the humanizing catastrophe in the field of socio-economic rights of Ukrainians have been identified, which should be grouped into two main groups: those related to the efforts of the international community (international) and those that should be implemented at the level of Ukraine (national). The importance of the development of entrepreneurship and social partnership is argued. Practical value. In order to restore the Ukrainian economy, it is necessary to increase the scientific and technical potential, the professional level of personnel, and stimulate innovative development. In order to resuscitate the people-centric ideals of the modern economy in Ukraine, a combination of the efforts of the international community and Ukrainian society is necessary. Firstly, it is possible to develop joint business projects, which will be a significant step towards economic European integration. Emphasis is placed on the need to monitor the crimes inflicted on Ukraine by the full-scale invasion of russia in order to bring the russian empire to international responsibility and compensate for the damage caused by it. The basic directions of the reproduction of the domestic economy have been determined as well as its further development oriented at human interests.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ТА ТРЕНДИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ

The article examines the mechanism of effective social sphere management and examines the concept of the general welfare state with a definition of this concept. The article determined that the basis for the development of the welfare state was industrialization, which led to the formation of four separate main models of social sphere management: continental (Bismarckian), Anglo-Saxon (Beveridge model), Scandinavian and SouthEuropean. Their features and differences are considered. The article analyzed the dynamics of the poverty level in Ukraine and determined that until 2022 the trend was positive for the country – the poverty level was decreasing. The article determined that due to the war, the level of poverty in Ukraine increased tenfold already in 2022, with a subsequent doubling during the following year. It was determined that the modern management of the social sphere of Ukraine has significant structural problems. Analyzing modern transformational shifts, it was noted that in 2020, the CMU approved the Strategy of Digital Transformation of the Social Sphere, which initiates a comprehensive digital transformation of all components of the social sphere, introducing unified approaches, standards and technologies. It was determined that the specified Strategy is planned to increase the efficiency of social sphere management; to improve the management systems of financial resources of the social sphere; to automate the management and control system in the social sphere; achieve technological development of information resources of the social sphere with the introduction of innovative technologies. This can be achieved through the creation of the Unified Information System and the Unified Monitoring Center, the implementation of the functionality of the Unified Social Operator; reduction in the number of personnel in the sector. Trends in the development of management of the social sphere: digitalization, growing migration flows; the social trade-offs of the free market come under greater scrutiny. It was found out that the digitalization of the social sphere management, this aspect is defined as one of the main directions of the development of the social sphere of Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF THE BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN UKRAINE IN 1990-2019.

The aim: To analyze the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their modified risk factors in Ukraine to substantiate ways of prevention. Materials and methods: The burden of CVD was estimated by DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years). The statistical method was used to analyze the data obtained from the statistical database of the international epidemiological study «Global Burden of Disease», updated for 2019. The analysis was carried out in the dynamics for 1990-2019 in Ukraine in comparison with European and EU countries. Results: Age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 population in Ukraine are 2.6 times higher than the average in European countries and 4 times higher than in the EU. Over the 1991-2019 the gap in DALYs increased due to a significant decrease in the burden of CVD in Europe, against the consistently high level in Ukraine. The burden of CVD in Ukraine can be reduced on 54.2% by normalizing blood pressure, on 42.1% by improving diet, on 37.3% by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, on 28.1% by lowering body mass index, and on 22.9% by quitting smoking. Conclusions: The Ukrainian strategy of reducing the burden of CVD should be intersectoral, comprehensive, combine population and individual (for high-risk groups) approaches to the control of modified CVD risk factors with modern methods of secondary and tertiary prevention of CVD, which have proven their efficiency in European countries.

Сontrol of brown leaf spot for environmentally safe protection of grain sorghum in Ukraine

Purpose. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the complex application of biological preparations in grain sorghum crops to control brown spotting and their impact on the crop yield level in Ukraine. Methods. The study of the effectiveness of complex biological protection for the control of brown spotting of grain sorghum was carried out during 2018–2022 by conducting surveys of agrocenoses in the conditions of the educational and research field of the Polish National University and PE "Chaykivka" of the Radomyshl district of the Zhytomyr region. Field and laboratory methods were used to conduct the experiment. Results. The causative agent of brown spotting of grain sorghum is the fungus Helminthosporium turcicum (Luttr.) K.J. Leonard & Suggs. During the research, the first spots on the leaves were visible already in the first decade of June, and the development of brown spotting of sorghum did not exceed 1.6%. The disease reached its maximum development in 2022 and was 29.5%. It was possible to achieve the maximum reduction in the development of brown spotting in sorghum crops as a result of two-time spraying of the cenosis with biological preparations, which reduced the level of the development of the disease by 10.7% in the phase of milky-waxy grain ripeness. Complex application (two-time spraying with biopreparation Agat-25K, PA, 0.03 kg/ha and plant growth regulator Endophyt EM-1, v.s.r., 0.010 l/ha at the 30th stage of development) provided the maximum value of technical efficiency - 39.5%. The maximum productivity of the hybrid 419 x 124 was realized with environmentally safe protection of grain sorghum: two-time application of the biopreparation Agat-25K, PA, 0.03 kg/ha and plant growth regulator Endophyt EM-1, v.s.r., 0.010 l/ha on at the 30th stage of development, which was 6.24 t/ha. Conclusions. Due to the use of complex biological protection, we solved the urgent problem of ecologically safe control of brown spotting in crops of grain sorghum in Ukraine.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, РОЛЬ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ

The article analyzes the tools for supporting the development of small business enterprises in wartime conditions. It has been determined that small entrepreneurship (small business) is a type of entrepreneurial activity, based on the adoption of innovative decisions regarding the rational use of available resource potential, characterized by freedom of choice of methods and forms of management and carried out with the aim of maximizing profit. It has been noted that along with the problems that were traditional and understandable, small business enterprises of Ukraine faced new threats caused by military aggression, the intensification of hostilities and the introduction of martial law – the loss and damage of the main property, the need to move it to calmer regions, the destruction of established logistic business connections, loss of traditional sales markets, reduction of financial resources due to hryvnia devaluation and human resources due to mobilization, blocking of bank accounts. The purpose of the research is to determine effective tools capable of ensuring support for the development of small business enterprises in wartime. It has been determined that it is necessary to promote the development of small business at the state level in Ukraine in order to build a high-tech business sector and increase its competitiveness on the global market. The main directions should be the stimulation of innovative activity of small business enterprises, the formation of a favorable innovation and investment climate and regulatory and legal environment. Today, unconventional measures, new legislative acts, special new organizational structures are needed in Ukraine, which should focus attention on the existing problems of the legal use of competition legislation in relation to the development of small business enterprises in wartime conditions. It has been concluded that the main factors contributing to the development of small business enterprises in the considered countries are: financial, credit and investment support; tax support; involvement of small business enterprises in the execution of government orders; support of export activities; personnel support. It has been substantiated that the most common instrument of state support for the development of small business enterprises in almost all countries is the provision of state guarantees for loans to small business enterprises.

Компенсаційний приріст народжуваності в Україні: очікування, чинники, перепони.

The purpose of this study was to find out whether post-war rebound in fertility will be able to achieve at least the pre-war level in Ukraine and whether the “baby boom” phenomenon will be possible in our country. For the first time, the factors that will contribute to fertility growth or slow down this process were considered in the context of the Russia’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine. The research was carried out using such methods as analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, analogy, graphic method. Fertility accumulates the effect of a huge number of various factors that ultimately manifests itself in certain trend in the development of this process. It is relevant to analyse the factors that will change the birth rate during the war and post-war periods. The long period of military conflict in the east of our country, political tension, decrease in the welfare level of the population, and the protracted nature of the pandemic led to the accumulation of significant number of postponed births. The cohorts born in the 1990s are in active childbearing age now, but they are not large in number. This can reduce rebound in fertility after the end of the war. At the same time, certain expectations of increase in fertility are associated with women aged 30–34, who are more numerous than the younger cohorts, have accumulated significant number of postponed births and further postponement will increase the risk of impossibility to implement childbearing plans due to biological factor. Large number of dead, destroyed housing and infrastructure, social and economic problems, uncertainty about the future, significant share of refugees who decide not to return to Ukraine can significantly restrict rebound in fertility. Responsibility towards the unborn child forms the intention to further postpone their birth, but raising the responsibility of parenthood to the level of family or society will not allow the rejection of plans to give birth to a child. Under the condition of comprehensive family policy, in particular a pronatalist policy, one can hope for increase in the birth rate in the post-war period. However, it is unlikely that the number of births will exceed the number hit during the wave of increased fertility (that is, the possibility of a baby boom).

Measuring of the Economic Efficiency of Higher Education: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects

Russia’s war against Ukraine has led to a significant increase in attention to the economic efficiency of all types of human and material resources being used currently and in future to ensure victory and especially for the post-war recovery of the country. In this regard, the need for scientific substantiation of measuring the economic efficiency of production and provision of services in the field of higher education, being financed by significant amounts of funds from the state and regional budgets, various institutional units of the economy and households, is beyond doubt. The main problem, the solution of which was set as the goal of the article, has been recognized as a lack of scientifically based legal acts approved at the appropriate institutional level in Ukraine, containing provisions on measuring the economic efficiency of obtaining higher education in the conditions of the post-war recovery of the sphere of higher education in Ukraine. The article analyzes the main international and national institutes, in particular, a number of foreign and Ukrainian publications revealing the issue of measuring the economic efficiency of obtaining higher education. The article also presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the network and educational activity of higher education institutions of Ukraine, the volumes of state funding of the sphere of higher education of Ukraine in 2005-2020, offers theoretical and methodological proposals and recommendations regarding the institutional regulation of measuring the economic efficiency of obtaining higher education in Ukraine. It is recommended that the measurement of the economic efficiency of obtaining higher education in Ukraine should be carried out separately for: applicants of higher education; higher education institutions; in Ukraine as a whole in accordance with the provisions of the SNR 2008; Methodological provisions for calculating the gross domestic product approved by the Order of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine dated September 17, 2018 No. 187; Methodology of National Education Accounts, UNESCO, 2016 .

ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ В УКРАЇНІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ

One of the many problematic issues of the development of science in Ukraine, which needs to be solved, is the improvement of the funding of scientific research. Chronic underfunding of the activities of scientific institutions, the implementation of scientific research and scientific and technical development of institutions of higher education, academies, institutes, individual scientific programs and granted grants has led to many negative trends in the development of science in Ukraine and bad consequences. Therefore, in the post-war period, when restoring and reforming the infrastructure of Ukraine, it is necessary to update and improve the system of financial support for scientific research. This will serve as the basis for the further development of science in the country.The article analyzes the financial support of scientific research for 2020-2022. The decline of Ukrainian science, the activity of scientific institutions and organizations in living conditions is due to significant underfunding of their work. Spending on scientific research and development in Ukraine has decreased by 40% over the past 11 years. Measured in US dollars, the share of spending on scientific research and development in GDP has almost halved (by 46%) from 0.75% in 2010. to 0.41% by 2020Chronic underfunding has led to a number of negative phenomena in the development of science, the main of which are the following: a decrease in the motivation of scientific workers, a very low level of average costs per employee (9.37 thousand US dollars in 2020 in Ukraine against 300 thousand dollars in the USA, $250,000 in Germany, $200,000 in France, etc.), a reduction in the number of scientific researchers, an increase in the departure of scientific personnel abroad, a low level of prestige and the image of scientific activity, a weak influx of young people into science etc.Thus, science in Ukraine is in a state of deep crisis, so the first step in thepost-war period is to significantly improve the funding of scientific research several times by increasing the share of GDP expenditures to 1.7%, as it is legally established in Ukraine. In the future, taking into account the rise of the country's economy,bring this indicator to the level of 2-3% of GDP, which is valid in EU countries.This norm is justified and successfully used in EU countries,and it is necessary to reach its level in Ukraine. This is a minimum, because the GDP of Ukraine is much lowerthan the developed countries of Europe. In addition, taking into account that Ukraine received the status of a candidate for EU membership, it is necessary that the norms of funding of science be approximated to the norms of European Union.

Ukraine'S Exports in the Light of Economic Indicators and Regression Analysis

The article offers an analysis of Ukraine's export activity and innovation costs in the period 2004-2021. The authors analysed correlations between the level of exports and key social indicators, such as the level of employment, average wages and the unemployment rate. They also analysed the relationship between Ukraine's foreign trade and development trends of international markets and found a strong positive correlation between the level of Ukraine's iron ore exports and the level of world prices for these products. The method of fuzzy logic was used to determine factors that could help Ukraine to achieving the maximum level of export activity. Foreign direct investments were found to have the biggest impact on the level of exports while innovation spending turned out to be the least influential factor. The results of the study indicate that qualitative structural transformations of Ukrainian exports cannot be achieved without effective investment and innovation mechanisms.(original abstract)

Global Trend of Acceleration by Startups Innovative Changes in Industry 4.0

Problem setting. The question of the role and importance of startups in the processes of Industry 4.0 is gaining special weight in relation to the level of costs and the effectiveness of the changes that may occur. The problem lies in the development of technological entrepreneurship through startup activity and its impact on progress in Industry 4.0. Analysis of recent researches and publications. An in-depth study of many components of Industry 4.0 was conducted by A. V. Sheer, who determined that academic research is considered the most flexible in the development of startups, S. V. Voitko revealed the evolution of management theories in the context of Industry 4.0, provided the features of innovation management and the implementation of startups in Industry 4.0 , O. E. Kofanov claims that certain opportunities for the development of innovative entrepreneurship and startups in Ukraine are provided, in particular, by the gradual transformation of production processes under the influence of the concepts of “Industry 4.0” and the knowledge economy. Target of the research is development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for determining the role and importance of startups in Industry 4.0. Article’s main body. A significant characteristic of the changes taking place under the influence of Industry 4.0 is a reduction in the cost of communication, an increase in the efficiency of logistics and marketing, the introduction of innovative technologies and the opening of new sales markets for business entities. To solve the problem of introducing innovations in the conditions of Industry 4.0, the Google Trends search service was used, which provides statistics of interest in the topic of startups and Industry 4.0 at the same time. In the article, a search query was made in Google Trends for the topics “startup” and “Industry 4.0” for the time period of the last 12 months (as of June 30, April 2022) all over the world and Ukraine, with the selection of the average level of interest, as well as the priority region by which you can to measure the relationship between startups and Industry 4.0 topics. The average level of interest in the topic of startups in the world is much higher than in the topic of Industry 4.0, while in Ukraine interest in startups is still high, but lower than in the world. European Slovakia is singled out among the Asian leaders. Israel is an example of a fast-paced startup movement operating in the Industry 4.0 ecosystem. For the national level in Ukraine, it is necessary to stimulate the development of technological startups in parallel with the creation of the Industry 4.0 ecosystem itself, which will be able to support them. For this, international experience should be used, as well as the best system integrators to establish, in particular, the priority of actions. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The conducted studies showed an insufficient level of awareness and interest in the topic of startups and Industry 4.0 technologies in the world. The proposal is to prioritize change in those industries that will have the greatest demand in both the wartime and postwar economy, which can be done with Google’s tools to reduce the cost of information resources to accelerate transformational change.

Aegagropila linnaei Kütz. (Chlorophyta), Paludicola keratophyta (Bory) M.L.Vis et Necchi (Rhodophyta) та Lychnothamnus barbatus (Meyen) Leonhardi (Charophyta) – кандидати на включення до Червоної книги України

The results of the analysis of the diversity of rare algae of Ukraine are presented. The discussion is the basis for inclusion in the fourth edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine the species Aegagropila linnaei Kütz. (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta), Paludicola keratophyta (Bory) M.L.Vis et Necchi (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) and Lychnothamnus barbatus (Meyen) Leonhardi (Charales, Charophyta). Their descriptions, nomenclature history, ecological features and typological timing are given. Summarized information on the distribution of known species proposed for protection at the state level in Ukraine and the world. The publication is illustrated with original photos and drawings. The information is supplemented by maps with the indicated localities of growth.

From the history of space research in Ukraine. 1. The performance of space research as of 1991 year

The article displays the material of 1991 from the author’s archive, which is devoted to the problems of space research arrangement and the space industry authority in independent Ukraine. A brief description of the space research level in Ukraine at that time is given. The active participation of Ukraine in the activity of international organizations and the implementation of USSR space programs are highlighted. The significant achievements and acquirements of scientific and design teams in the space research branch are emphasized. Among them, there were the rocket design center DB “Pivdenne” (now — Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office), E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, and many other enterprises and scientific institutions in Ukraine. In new conditions, under the newly acquired independence, the formidable task of preserving the aerospace industry of Ukraine arose. Within this task, it was necessary to preserve scientific and developing potential and to provide perspectives for scientific and technical progress. All this was possible only within the framework of the concept that had to be developed and which would contain the main goals of the national politics of Ukraine as an independent state in the branch of exploration and exploitation of space. It was necessary to create the aerospace agency of Ukraine for the coordination of space programs and to develop a law to regulate its activities. One more task was to adopt the state program of space exploration by the Verkhovna Rada, the program, which had to provide for the progress of fundamental and applied space research.

Komunikatsiina stratehiia yak napriam rozvytku sfery hromadskoho zdorovia na rehionalnomu rivni

The current direction in the field of health care reform in Ukraine, such as the development of public health at the regional level, is considered. Aspects of public health reform in Ukraine are explored in the article. Peculiarities of public health development at the regional level on the example of development and implementation of the communication strategy of the Sumy Regional Council «Regional Clinical Medical Centre for Socially Dangerous Diseases» are studied. The analysis identifies some problems in this area and develops measures to improve the next steps in advocacy and public health promotion at the community level. Comprehensive measures to improve the preparation and implementation of communication strategies in public health at the regional level in Ukraine are justified. In particular, new approaches are proposed, such as improving regulatory policy procedures and developing public strategies, programs and projects for public health based on digital technologies; population research and surveys; institutionalization of the use of research evidence in health decision-making; education and enlightenment of the population, including the development for this purpose of special applications, games, health programs; promoting knowledge sharing; clustering in the field of public health, including the creation of formal integrated structures; use of social media to prevent disease and healthy living; providing access to advanced knowledge, including the use of foreign language resources; protection of intellectual property rights; ensuring the confidentiality and security of people's data; ethics of digital interaction. It is established that in general the principles for the development of public health are formed in Ukraine. The Centre for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine should be appointed the main coordinator in the process of further such development. It is recommended to strengthen the interaction of the Centre with the regions, which will allow the systematic implementation of a culture of health. At the same time, due attention should be paid to measures to prevent disease and create a favourable living environment. To this end, the financial and institutional capacity of the Centre should certainly be strengthened. In addition to health outcomes, this approach will significantly contribute to the implementation of agreements under the Association Agreement with the European Union. It is proved that with the help of public policy instruments in the field of public health, the culture of health in the cities and regions of Ukraine is formed as a multifaceted concept.

Institutional Ensuring of Mariculture: International and Ukrainian Context

Introduction. Sustainable development of mariculture as a highly productive industry is a potential and source of income and contributions to the national economy, a guarantee of food and environmental security, socioeconomic benefits for coastal areas. The effective development of mariculture requires a stable basis as an institutional support, which, unfortunately, is not characterized by a high enough level in Ukraine.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the institutional support for the development of mariculture in Ukraine and the implementation of international experience in national practice. The main tasks of the study are: to study the features of theoretical and applied ukrainian context of mariculture development to determine the possibilities of implementing international experience; to analyze ukrainian and international institutional basis for the development of mariculture and the cultivation of marine organisms; to develop conclusions and recommendations on the current state and development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine on the basis of compliance with international requirements and the possibility of their implementation.
 Results. The concept of mariculture is theoretically substantiated by its definition in texts of the legal framework. The analysis of the ukrainian and international institutional context of mariculture development is based on the procedure of measures on the development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of international experience of world leaders in mariculture development, European Union countries, and countries with short traditions of marine cultivation.
 Conclusions. A detailed interpretation of the concept of mariculture for its definition in the texts of the legal framework of Ukraine based on the characteristics of the industry presented in the legal documents of Ukraine, the European Union, world leaders in mariculture, dictionaries and works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign scholars. A procedure for measures to develop institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the form of an algorithm for implementing the international experience of world leaders in mariculture, the European Union and countries with short traditions of marine organisms.