Level In Russia Research Articles

RUSSIA’S PUBLIC HEALTH SOCIO-ECONOMIC REFORMS MPACT RESEARCH

Ponte Academic JournalApr 2019, Volume 75, Issue 4 RUSSIA’S PUBLIC HEALTH SOCIO-ECONOMIC REFORMS MPACT RESEARCHAuthor(s): Elena Shamalova ,Lubov ZasovaJ. Ponte - Apr 2019 - Volume 75 - Issue 4 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2019.4.4 Abstract:Health is the main resource for social and economic development of the society on the whole, as well as of every individual. It is also the main criterion of the quality of a person’s life. Socio-economic factors, which tend to get transformed by socio-economic changes, play a key role affecting public health in Russia. Over the past several decades Russia has experienced a great number of socioeconomic reforms, which have significantly affected all sectors of life of the Russian citizens’. The mentioned above reforms were aimed at fostering competition, increasing the number of paid social services, and total implementation of information technologies. The sanctions, placed by Western countries on Russia, have also had their effect on the socioeconomic environment and conjured a number of institutional changes, as a result of import substitution. The purpose of the research is the evaluation of the socio-economic reforms impact on the public health level in Russia as well as an identification of the economic and social characteristics with the greatest influence on the Russian citizens health. By the application of correlation and regression analysis, this article has proved that all socio-economic transformations, presented in several economic indices, have influenced public health in one way or another. Such assessment was performed through the system of medical statistics indices. The analysis highlights the reforms which have had the most noticeable effect on Russia’s public health. These are the entrepreneurship institute development, health and education systems reforms etc. The results show that the following factors influence the health of Russian citizens greatly: earnings, growth of entrepreneurship culture, the use of information technologies and productivity growth. Most of the claims in this study have been supported by a number of international researchers. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Анализ состояния управления сферой образования на муниципальном уровне в России: проблемы и перспективы

Анализ состояния управления сферой образования на муниципальном уровне в России: проблемы и перспективы

К оценке риска профессионального заболевания органов слуха отдельных категорий работников энергетических предприят

The electric power industry refers to kinds of economic activity characterized by elevated risk of injuries and occupational diseases because power industry workers have to deal with high voltage, to work at height, and may be exposed to the effect of harmful and dangerous industrial factors. Therefore, determination of risks and occupational diseases for keeping them to a minimum is among the most important tasks. It should be taken into account that the conditions for the occurrence of occupational deceases are usually formed under the effect of a complex combination of several factors. In the overall structure of occupational morbidity, hearing loss due to noise and vibration sickness are the prevailing kinds of deceases, although their indicators in the electric power industry are significantly lower than their nation-wide levels in Russia. The most problematic professions in regard of this pathology are locksmiths for repair of boiler house equipment, boiler house operators, locksmiths for repair of steam and gas turbine equipment, drivers, and tractor drivers. It has been established that hearing disorders are associated with age, sex (they are observed more frequently in men), smoking, and noise characteristics. Exposure to increased noise levels leads to the formation of not only cardiovascular, but also endocrine pathologies, and may also be a risk factor for the development of gestational hypertension and congenital malformations of the fetus. The article presents a quantitative assessment of the risk of occupational hearing organ disorders due to the negative effect of noise in increasing its level due to equipment ageing or violation of technological regimes, and from using of personal protective equipment. A set of preventive measures is recommended for workers of noisy production facilities and professions in the power industry.

Regional Differences in Intelligence and Personality in the Russian Federation and their Social and Demographic Correlates

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the geographical distribution of the scores of intelligence and personality traits and their relations with some sociodemographic variables at a regional level of Russia. The analyses were based on responses from 193,361 Internet respondents from 83 provinces of the Russian Federation, who voluntarily completed two (cognitive and personality) screening tests. A number of statistically significant correlations of intelligence and personality traits with sociodemographic variables were established, some of which are consistent with the results of other authors, but some were new.

Russia’s Strategic Deterrence and Defense Against Potential Means and Methods of Strategic Attack

Thе article analyzes the concept of strategic stability and its contemporary development in domestic military-political thought. The authors note that the expansion of the meaningful content of the concept of strategic stability in the Russian Federation occurred as a result of the development of strategic non-nuclear deterrence forces and the US policy to reduce the dependence of American foreign and defense policy on the factor of nuclear deterrence. These changes in the military-political situation in the world have led to a reduction in the stability of the relations of key states, despite some proliferation of nuclear weapon technologies in Asian countries. The article attempts to prove that the Russian Federation is able to withstand the new challenges associated with qualitative changes in the relations of mutual deterrence with the United States. As to this, the authors consistently analyze the historical context and conceptual foundations of deterrence policy, including recent documents adopted at the highest level in Russia. In addition, the authors analyze the recently adopted cruise missile systems in Russia and the United States, as well as anti-missile defense systems that alter the balance of power for a guaranteed response to strategic nuclear forces. Taking into account the current technological developments and the timeline for their implementation, the authors conclude that Russia has been able to achieve significant results in the field of aerospace defense, while naval defense and the introduction of new means of nuclear weapon delivery need additional attention from authorities. Finally, the authors believe that the development of the domestic military-industrial complex directly depends on the country's economic development, which means that the degree of effectiveness of Russian strategic weapons system must remain significantly higher than that of foreign counterparts.

‘Migrant schools’ and the ‘children of migrants’: constructing boundaries around and inside school space

ABSTRACTThis article examines ethnic segregation at school level in Russia and the symbolic boundaries constructed around schools attended by children of migrants, as well as inside them. While Russian cities are notable for the very low degree of spatial segregation along ethnic lines, numerous studies demonstrate that in recent years local residents have come to perceive some institutions as ‘migrant schools’ as these have pupils of more diverse ethnic backgrounds. In particular, children of migrants and ‘local’ children create their own symbolic divides between ‘us’ and ‘them’ that reflects the degree of a pupil’s integration into the host society rather than her ethnic origins. When conflict situations break out between schoolchildren, the migrant stereotypes current in wider society are reproduced. On the school administration level, the main problem is a lack of adaptation programmes for children of migrants, as well as lessons in Russian as a second language.

Operational notifying aircraft crew about dangerous meteorological phenomena in the zones of arctic landing sites

Meteorological support for aviation is an essential element of an integrated system for air traffic management as incorrect meteorological information about hazardous meteorological conditions has a significant impact on the level of flight safety and on all aspects of air traffic management. At present, a number of decisions have been taken at the state level in Russia, according to which a large-scale program is being implemented to develop the infrastructure of the Far North and the Arctic regions, the development of territories, the coast of the Northern Sea Route, and the development of mineral deposits. The climate of the Arctic is one of the severest on Earth. The instability of the meteorological situation is expressed in a sharp change in the wind direction and speed, a decrease in the height of the cloud cover, the rapid inflow of fog from the sea on the coast. Strong winds cause a snowstorm and drifting snow, in summer, under the influence of a powerful cyclone, a sudden increase in air temperature is possible. These natural factors together create adverse, at times extreme climatic conditions, which lead to the emergence of meteorological hazards dangerous to aviation. These phenomena are difficult to predict and significant in terms of impact. Making landing and takeoff in the Arctic, as a rule, is associated with an increased risk. This is due to the fact that temporary aerodromes and landing sites have minimal aerodrome equipment, meteorological provision is almost completely or partially not available, there are no statistical data on weather peculiarities at the place of take-off and landing. The problem of servicing landing sites is the use of outdated equipment, lack or inability of permanent maintenance staff residing in the area. Taking into account the above facts, for effective and safe use of aviation in the Arctic region, it is necessary to automate as much as possible the processes of obtaining, processing and reporting to the crews data on the meteorological situation in the area of the landing site and on the flight route. The article discusses the need to use automated systems for collecting, processing and transmitting meteorological information to inform crews of aircraft carrying out take-offs and landings in the areas of aircraft and helicopter landing areas of the Arctic zone about the state of the surface layer of the atmosphere and the altitudes where icing is possible.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FINANCIAL LITERACY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

The article touches upon the issues of financial literacy development in Russia. The author considers financial literacy as a set of procedures that build up the system of financial literacy institution development including financial inclusion, an increase in financial literacy and a strengthening of the protection of consumers’ rights in regard to financial services. The author presents research findings that indicate a poor financial literacy level in Russia. The key conclusion reflects the goal of the paper: the development of the financial literacy system depends on the demand for innovative financial services and the measures taken by the government to develop the financial literacy system.

JAPAN'S SOFT POWER IN THE RESEARCHING OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN SCHOLARS

The professional i nterest in this analysis is due, firstly, to the fact that any national strategy for the accumulation and use of in the sphere of foreign affairs relies, as a rule, on scientific doctrine, so, those characteristics of the that the national scientific community and authorities assess as the most important, most likely, will be reflected in practical political concepts and actions on the accumulation and use of power. The second reason is related to the fact that even during the first steps in studying of phenomenon, J. Nye referred Japan to the leading countries, which were able to attract world community and build up this foreign policy resource. Studying and evaluating the Japanese experience of using soft power resources by Russian scholars is one of the most effective ways of adopting the most successful ways of forming «soft power» platform on national level in Russia. The author came to the conclusion that despite the ongoing discussion around the structure of phenomenon and the effectiveness of its application, a number of scientific approaches to research this foreign policy resource have been formulated both in Japan and in Russia, , as well as a list of the main criteria for index.

Entrepreneurship and institutions: Does the relationship exist at the regional level in Russia?

Despite many governmental support programs, the entrepreneurship development in Russia is still very uneven. In this article we analyze numerous studies on entrepreneurship and find out that the institutional background in general and in certain regions is very important for the development of entrepreneurship. The risks of doing business, the complexity and duration of administrative procedures, access to capital, regulation and informal community norms are of extreme importance. The aim of this paper is to identify regional institutional factors for the development of small enterprises in Russia. With the help of the proposed econometric model we show that high investment risks and large number of economic crimes are significant deterrents for the entrepreneurial activity in Russia. The banking services’ availability and the proximity of large markets, combined with the human capital concentration, contribute to the entrepreneurship development. The impact of state support turned out to be not significant. We formulate some policy advice for entrepreneurship support in Russia.

The Problem of the Discrepancy Between Work, Education, and Literacy in Russia

This article studies the problem of the discrepancy between attained education and employment in Russia. Our research relies on the results of an international study of adult competencies (Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, or PIAAC) that measured the reading literacy and numeracy of working-age people using representative national samples. The test results of OECD countries demonstrate that there is a connection with the level of formal education. However, we observed several deviations from this general trend in Russia. An analysis has allowed us to identify three types of discrepancies. We discovered that there is no linear relationship between the level of formal education and measured literacy in Russia. Gains in competency slow down at the higher education level in Russia. At the same time, the literacy level that was observed at the lower educational stages was in line with what was observed in leading countries from around the world. It was discovered that a larger share of people with a low level of literacy occupy high-skilled jobs in Russia than in developed countries. When we assess the distribution of people with a particular formal education on the labor market in Russia, we see a picture that is very similar to what we can observe in the OECD countries. Apparently, this discrepancy has remained hidden because of the unreliability of the educational indicator of possessing a higher education degree. This indicator has been used as the main (and in most cases the only) factor in both sociological and economic studies that have been conducted in Russia. The third empirical finding of our study indicates that there is a correspondence between the importance assigned to measured literacy and possessing a higher education degree in the job placement process. In Russia, both factors seem to be significant, but measured literacy is more strongly correlated with the likelihood of being employed than possessing a formal degree. At the same time, the difference in income level among respondents with low and high rates of literacy in Russia is much less than in the OECD countries. We interpret the quantitative measurements in light of qualitative data from a research project that studied life trajectories.

Financial and economic model of waste incineration plant construction

Currently, Russia produces 55–60 mln tons of solid domestic waste (SDW) annually. Over 90% of it is sent to landfills and unauthorized junkyards. Processing level in Russia is 5–7%, while the European Union countries process up to 90% of SDW. To date, there are about ten waste incineration plants (WIP) in Russia with low production capacity, which is negligible on a national scale. In contrast, the number of WIPs: in Switzerland – 29, in Japan – 1,900, in Sweden – 21, in Denmark – 32, and the population of these countries is less than that of Russia. It is obvious that new plants are very expensive both at construction and operation phases. The article gives an assessment of economic impact of switching over to SDW processing by WIP-based incineration. A WIP processing 350 thousand tons of SDW per year, including a thermal power plant with 24 MW installed power capacity operated by the energy produced from SDW incineration, is taken as an object for calculation. Such construction is unlikely to be financed at the expense of local budget. Possible involvement of a third-party investor, which would construct and operate the WIP at its own expense against guarantee of certain profitability, is considered in this case. The article provides financial and economic model of this project.

Regional patent activity in Russia: does level of risks make a difference?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore empirically the linkages among level of economic, managerial, financial, criminal risks and patent activity in Russia. This paper examines the relationship between the economic, managerial, financial and criminal regional risks ratings, on the one hand, and patent activity, as measured by regional patent applications for inventions, on the other.Design/methodology/approachA random effect model was performed for a data sample of 83 regions, covering the period 2006-2010 in Russia.FindingsThe empirical results show that increased levels of regional economic risks are significantly associated with decrease in patent activity in Russia.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap within the literature and offers a unique analysis of regional risks and their impact on patent activity. The empirical results showed that economic risk ratings have had considerable negative impact on the patent activities on regional level in Russia.

Process-Specialized Technologies Using in Agricultural Robotics

The article presents the main results of the analysis of the agriculture automation level in Russia and in the world. The results of the research of the foreign market, structures and compositions of foreign-made unmanned mobile energy vehicles are presented. The main direction of development of foreign companies is the creation of new models of navigation and orientation equipment for agricultural machinery aimed to the implementation of autonomous moving and mission equipment control. Technics automatization is possible due to refitting of already existing samples with specialized attachments. According to this analysis, foreign agricultural machinery is far ahead of domestic manufacturers for the production of crew-unmanned facilities of mechanization for the agricultural sector, and the material intensity of the existing agricultural production in Russia is 3-4 times higher than that of foreign countries. The need for this kind of analysis is explained by the result of a comparison labor productivity: this index in Russia's agriculture is by 2.4 times lower than European one and 3.5 times lower than that of the USA. The Russian agriculture development retard can be eliminate through the use of modern achievements in the field of robotic systems for special purposes. The authors proved the possibility of double use of technologies because of similarity of schemes and structure of robotic systems for the solution of specialized tasks of both directions. The unmanned mobile energy vehicles can be used at sequential and parallel autonomous driving.

Ex-post evaluation of regional bureaucracy development programs

We study the influence of the program-targeted planning mechanisms on the civil service efficiency in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Our hypothesis is that the criteria for assessing effectiveness of civil service development programs are to increase the efficiency of its functioning and focus on solving problems of socio-economic development. The research methodology is based on the generalization of statistical data on the regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) of Russia in 2003-2016, and on the construction of some indices for civil service and socio-economic development. We have analyzed 67 programs of civil service development. Due to lack of financing Russian regions are forced to abandon many measures of the civil service reform. The average values of efficiency coefficients do not reach 30%, which indicates the existence of significant reserves for increasing the civil service development programs effectiveness. We have revealed that a crisis condition of socio-economic development resists the effective civil service development in the regions. At the same time, the region’s advanced positions in the economy do not automatically lead to a comparable high level of civil service development. This conclusion is important for extrapolating to regions of other federal districts and to the federal level in Russia.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SERVICES OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION

Ponte Academic JournalJan 2018, Volume 74, Issue 1 QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SERVICES OF THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAuthor(s): Sergeeva M.G ,Gubarkov S.V., Zhigalov K.Yu., Kurmaeva I.I., Tolmachev A.V.J. Ponte - Jan 2018 - Volume 74 - Issue 1 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.1.20 Abstract:Introduction. The topicality of the research is determined by the development and grounding of conceptual theoretical and methodological framework for enhancingthe management ofhigher education services quality on meso- and micro-levels, which will enable to provide high quality of graduates as the country’s strategic resource. Methodology of the research. Management in the sphere of education is analyzed as a process which is divided into two sub-processes: performance management and development management. The conceptual theoretical and methodological results for enhancing the managementin the sphere of higher education services presented in the current research are based on Russian and foreign scientific research. Results of the research.A model of organizational economic mechanism to manage the growth of higher education services quality formeso- and micro-levelshas been developed. It has been justified that a part of controlling and supervising operations which are now performed by federal government bodies can be passed to the regional level, which will result in higher effectiveness of managing the system of higher school. The intended effect of implementing this organizational economic mechanism comprises, among other things,the relevance of graduates’ quality to the demands of theconcerned parties as well as creating a complex and independent systemto monitor and evaluatethe higher education servicesquality in federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Discussion.Once the designed method of measuring consequences and results of enhancing the SEQHES management (the System of Evaluating the Quality of Higher Education Services) formeso- and micro-levels has beenimplemented, its functioning is characterized by processual maximization of meeting thesystemgoals; elimination of the problems concerning the existing evaluating procedures constraints; training specialists in correspondence with quality and quantity demandedby the concerned parties, and so on. Although the research also presents the drawbacks of the authors’ method, their influence is not considered to be defining. Conclusion.Enhancing theevaluating procedures management in the sphere of higher education on the level of Russia’s federal bodies will allow creating organizational economic premises for the development of competition on the regional markets of educational services and the rise in the effectiveness of regional economics. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

THEORIES OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION: ELABORATION ON THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL PROTEST

Organized rallies are gaining more influence in socio-political processes in Russia and Europe. Modern protest is taking on new forms and is using new technical capabilities to mobilize participants. Determining potential capacity of a rally, its “unstable equilibrium points” and gauging the public’s possible negative reactions to the political elite’s decision making is becoming an important goal in contemporary political management. The article examines the heuristic potential of two approaches to studying political protest: theory of collective action and theory of mobilization of political opportunities. The first approach stems from the idea of dominance of symbolic values in modern political consciousness, while the second looks in more detail at the “balance of power” and resources that lend to the effectiveness of a protest. Does the environment created by the “new methods” have an impact on the efficacy of a protest? How important are institutional defects in order for citizens to want to organize a rally? Studying these aspects can help gain insight into the public’s real protest potential at regional and local levels in Russia.

Beta-blockers, and real clinical practice in Russia: the gap between the understanding of the doses of beta-blockers and subsequent prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease

Presents an analysis of the reception beta-blockers in three epidemiological studies sections of the EPOKhA. Respondents in each slice (2002, 2007, 2017) were stratified into 5 subgroups: only suffering from hypertension - AH (subgroup AH), patients with stable angina pectoris, but in history and clinically has no evidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic heart failure (subgroup of coronary heart disease); after myocardial infarction, but do not have clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure (subgroup myocardial infarction); patients with acute myocardial infarction formed for any reason, but with no previous history of AMI (subgroup chronic heart failure), and patients with clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure after suffering AMI in anamnesis (subgroup myocardial infarction + chronic heart failure). During 15 years in the Russian Federation the frequency of administration of beta-blockers increased from 20% in the section of cardiovascular pathology to 30%. The most sensitive to the use of beta-blockers were patients with a history of AMI and chronic heart failure. Prolonged beta-blockers have been used at the population level only in 2007, but the frequency with any cardiovascular pathology does not exceed the 50% threshold, and the achievement of goals (control heart rate) does not exceed 10% of the level at any pathology. This dependence is associated with low-dose beta-blockers. In any case, the dose of beta-blockers did not exceed 50% of recommended that can be a separate cause of cardiovascular mortality at the population level in Russia.

Cluster Development of Innovational Entrepreneurship: New Possibilities and Priorities in the Conditions of the Innovational Economy Creation

The purpose of the work is to study the possibilities and priorities of cluster development of innovational entrepreneurship in the conditions of innovational economy development by the example of modern Russia. Information and analytical basis of the research include the materials of the INSEAD on the Global innovational index from 2011 to 2016. The authors also used the Global Competitiveness Report from 2008-2008 to 2016-2017, presented at the annual World Economic Forum, which contains information on the state of cluster development. To substantiate the offered scientific hypothesis, the authors determine the presence and level of dependence of cluster development of entrepreneurship on the level of Russia's economy innovativeness with the help of the method of regression and correlation analysis. Because of the research, the authors conclude that an important place among the market tools of stimulation of development of innovational entrepreneurship in Russia should belong to clustering, as it provides expansion of the resource base and quick diffusion of innovations, which is very important for development of innovational entrepreneurship. The authors offer the concept of cluster development of innovational entrepreneurship in the conditions of creation of innovational economy.

The system of foreign language teaching at the master`s level in Russia

The system of foreign language teaching at the master`s level in Russia