Level Of Welfare Research Articles

WELFARE & SATISFACTION OF COAL MINING CONTRACTUAL EMPLOYEES

This research paper investigates contractual employees' welfare and satisfaction levels, focusing on factors influencing their work environment, job security, and overall well-being. This study uses a comprehensive survey methodology to explore key variables such as compensation, benefits, work-life balance, and professional development opportunities. The findings, presented through graphical analysis, reveal significant correlations between employee welfare initiatives and job satisfaction among contractual staff. This study underscores the importance of tailored welfare policies to enhance satisfaction and retention within the contractual workforce. Recommendations for policymakers and organizational leaders aim to foster a more supportive work environment that addresses the unique challenges faced by contractual employees, promoting both their productivity and personal fulfillment.

Elderly Citizenship Experience under Different Pension Policies: A Comparative Analysis of China and Japan

Abstract: As global population structures change rapidly, the social rights and welfare of the elderly have increasingly become a focal point of societal concern. Pension policies not only address economic issues but also encompass welfare levels, social equity, citizenship rights, and identity. This paper explores the impact of different pension policies on the citizenship experience of the elderly by comparing the pension systems of China and Japan. The study is based on pension policy documents and related data from both countries and employs a comparative social policy analysis. The comparison is conducted conceptually, focusing on the scope, content, and depth of the pension policies in China and Japan, in order to reflect on the elderly's citizenship experience in both nations. The research highlights that Chinas pension policy features a single-tier structure with limited autonomy and marked urban-rural disparities, which restrict the citizenship experience of the elderly. In contrast, Japans retirement policy is characterized by mandatory participation, clear responsibilities, and a multi-tiered structure, providing broader coverage and more comprehensive social rights and a sense of identity for the elderly. However, this system also brings about noticeable class divisions.

Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi di Desa Cadaskertajaya Kecamatan Telagasari Kabupaten Karawang

Agricultural development in rural areas not only increases production, but also increases people's income, opens up more job opportunities, and improves welfare. This research aims to analyze farmer household income, farmer household expenditure, and the level of welfare of rice farmer households in Cadaskertajaya Village, Telagasari District, Karawang Regency. The research method used is Mix Method, with primary and secondary data types. Primary data was collected through interviews using questionnaires from 47 rice farmers. Secondary data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, Karawang Regency Agricultural Service, Cadaskertajaya Village, and other institutions. Samples were taken using the proportional random sampling method, with the criteria being farmer owners and farm workers. Data analysis uses the Directorate of Land Use's criteria poverty line for household income, the Sayogyo criteria poverty line for household expenditure, and welfare indicators from BPS. The research results show that the average household income of rice farmers in Cadaskertajaya Village is IDR 34,582,351.69 per year and IDR 8,124,446.81 per capita per year. The household expenditure of rice farmers is IDR 25,380,255.32 per year and IDR 8,413,937.59 per capita per year. Based on the poverty line criteria of the Directorate of Land Use, 53.19% of farmers are not poor, and according to the Sayogyo criteria, 82.61% are not poor. The welfare level is calculated using 11 indicators from BPS, with the highest score being 33 and the lowest score being 27, which is still included in the high welfare category.

Analysis of Management Practices in A Non-Governmental Organization

Objective: This research sought to analyze the current practices of an NGO in the city of São José dos Campos, which works to assist children and adolescents with disabilities, with the aim of identifying opportunities for improvement in this management tool. Theoretical Framework: The economic and social conditions of part of the Brazilian population demand a level of welfare that the government is unable to provide. People with financial and health needs depend on some form of assistance to achieve minimum survival conditions. In this context, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) acquire fundamental importance for this population. Method: The methodology adopted used descriptive research, through a case study. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. Results and Discussion: The results were used to identify the main flaws in the application of the NGO's strategic planning, from the point of view of its managers. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research show that strategic planning in organizations requires a formal structure to minimize risks to its survival. Originality/Value: This study contributed to corroborating that strategic planning is a fundamental tool for the success of these organizations, however, they must comply with implementation criteria to obtain the best results.

Effects of Housing Systems on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Tonic Immobility and Feather Score in Laying Hens.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of different housing systems on production performance, egg quality and welfare in laying hens. One hundred and twenty 42-week-old "Atak S" laying hens, purchased from a manufacturing company, were randomly assigned to 4 housing systems: conventional cages, furnished cages, deep-litter system and free-range. Each system housed 30 hens, which were kept in these systems for 6 weeks. Parameters regarding production performance, egg quality, plumage condition scores and tonic immobility were assessed at the end of the housing period. Egg production and egg mass were lower in cage-free rearing systems than in caged systems. Mean egg weight in free-range hens, and albumen height and Haugh unit in deep-litter hens, were lower than in other housing systems. Eggshell weight in hens housed in furnished cages was greater than in free-range hens, while eggshell strength was better compared to that of hens in conventional cages. The housing system did not impact fearfulness; however, the deep-litter housing increased the sensitivity to touch or capture. Whole body and regional plumage condition scores of free-range hens elicited more favourable results than those kept in conventional cages. Because the plumage condition indicates welfare, the results proved the superiority of free-range over conventional rearing regarding welfare. Concerning the parameters, such as egg production, animal welfare and fear level, overall data revealed the pros and cons of all housing systems investigated. We consider that this study's findings might contribute to the researchers and breeders seeking alternative housing for laying hens.

Fundraising and Zakat Distribution in Poverty Alleviation in Maruthamunai, Sri Lanka: A Maqashid Sharia Perspective

In Sri Lanka, poverty has been one of the most pressing social issues over the past decade. This research examines zakat fundraising strategies and analyzes zakat distribution patterns in Maruthamunai, Sri Lanka, where Muslims constitute the dominant ethnic group. The current role of zakat in Maruthamunai is crucial in alleviating poverty. Primary data for this study included annual fundraising and distribution reports from the Zakat Fund, covering the years 2019 to 2023. As part of this qualitative research, unstructured interviews were conducted with the president, general secretary, deputy president, assistant secretary, members, and prominent individuals in the region. Data analysis was conducted using coding and is presented descriptively through the maqasid sharia approach. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of zakat funds in Maruthamunai has been less effective due to several factors, including insufficient receipt of zakat funds and inadequately structured internal distribution policies. Policymakers should focus on prioritizing the primary level of welfare needs (mashlahah dharuriyyah). Within this framework, the maqasid sharia perspective emphasizes the development of human resources as a priority over material development. Therefore, despite the relatively high poverty rate, the objectives of preserving religion, safeguarding human life, ensuring generational continuity, protecting intellect, and promoting wealth circulation can still be effectively pursued.

Welfare assessment of dromedary camels kept under pastoralism in Pakistan.

Standardized welfare assessment protocols are crucial to enhance animal welfare; up to date, there is no data on the level of welfare of camels kept under pastoralism. A tailored protocol for measuring welfare in dromedary camels kept under nomadic pastoralist conditions was recently developed, drawing from the currently available welfare protocol for dromedary camels kept in intensive systems. This study, therefore, aimed to apply the newly developed tailored protocol and assess the welfare of dromedary camels kept under pastoralism in the Southern Punjab Province of Pakistan. A total of 44 welfare indicators (animal-, resource, and management-based measures) aligning with animal welfare principles ("Good Feeding", "Good Housing", "Good Health", and "Appropriate Behavior") were gathered into two assessment levels: "Caretaker-Herd level" and "Animal level". Data were collected in 2023 in the Cholistan desert in the southern Punjab province. Fifty-four herds were evaluated for a total population of 1,186 camels, of which 510 (495 females and 15 males; average age: 5-6 years old) were assessed at the animal level. The indicators were scored and aggregated to obtain Principle Aggregated Indexes (PAIs) and a total Welfare Index (TWI). Using the PAIs classification, 4 herds were categorized as excellent, 42 satisfactory, and 8 unsatisfactory. Total Welfare Index (TWI) varied from 55.7 to 82.2, and the thresholds for classification into tertiles were 65.4 and 70.6. Good feeding and Good housing were the most problematic PAIs, with Good feeding as the most influential variable for classification into welfare categories. As expected, camels kept under pastoralism had a higher level of welfare than those reported in the literature for intensive systems, especially concerning the Appropriate Behavior principle. Our findings are a first step in proposing welfare standards for dromedary in Pakistan and worldwide.

The Impact of Farmer Families' Communication in Compliance Nutritional Needs among Toddlers

The nutritional status of a toddler reflects the level of development and welfare of society in a country. Poor nutritional status can lead to wasting, stunting, decreased cognitive ability, or disease susceptibility. Nutritional status can be affected by ineffective communication support. This study aimed to investigate the communication of families in agricultural areas in the fulfillment of toddler nutrition. The method used in this research is to use journal literature studies from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with publication years 2020-2024. This research was conducted using 10 journals that have been selected according to the required research criteria. The literature search was conducted using the keywords "Family Communication," "Agricultural Area" AND "Toddler Nutrition." This study's results show that family communication can affect the fulfillment of nutritional needs in toddlers in agricultural areas. Communication with families can increase knowledge about nutrition and family behavior in providing a diet that can improve the nutritional status of toddlers. Parents are in a prime position to help toddlers develop a healthy diet early on. As nurses, we can provide health education to parents to maintain communication with toddlers and monitor their growth, including their nutritional status.

Analysis the Deficiency of China's Maternity Leave System Between China and the United States

Abstract: This paper compares the welfare system of China and the United States, the welfare content for both genders, aims of policy and policy effects. The comparison results show that the laws and regulations of China's maternity leave system are more unified. Second, there is a significant lack of parental leave for parents to support and care for their children. Third, the incidence of postpartum depression among Chinese women is increasing from year to year and is more common than that in the United States. Among the four comparative indicators, the two countries only show a more obvious consistency in the legislative objectives of the birth policy. This paper suggests that China should draw lessons from the unpaid maternity leave of the US federal government and appropriately improve the welfare level while maintaining the paid maternity leave policy. The maternity leave time of female workers should be extended. Male workers should enjoy father leave. In addition, new future government policies will need to include a mandatory requirement, requiring that parents have to exercise their respective powers to take parental leave and family leave. If the holiday cannot be used up before employees return to work, the surplus ought to be left for future use. In this way, employment equity and gender equality will be improved to a great extent.

Public Services in the Field of Basic Health for Mothers and Children in Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province

Maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate are an indication of the low level of population welfare. Likewise, the high disparity in socio-economic levels - rich and poor, between regions and between urban and rural areas. Therefore, health services for mothers and children are the main priority in health development. The government at all levels of government has established and implemented health programs for mothers and children. However, it has not provided a good impact on the aspect of basic public services. Health services for mothers and children through integrated service posts are more visible at the village level and require serious attention from the government because they are very far from health service centers such as regional hospitals. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe and explain basic public health services for mothers and children in Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency. This study is considered important from the aspect of public health and related to strengthening social capital in the superior fields of social humanities, arts and culture as well as the development and strengthening of institutional systems, health policies, and community empowerment in the superior fields of health and medicine in the Sam Ratulangi University research strategy plan. Data were collected through interviews with the Head of the Health Service and Health Center, Posyandu officers and pregnant mothers and those with toddlers. Observations were made by looking directly at basic health services in Talawaan District. Secondary data were collected during health service activities and conducting electronic searches on Google Scholar and ResearchGate. The analysis was carried out based on the stages of reduction, interpretation, drawing conclusions and verification/triangulation. The research findings that public services in the field of basic health are accessible, acceptable, fair and safe for mothers and children but are not yet fully efficient and effective in their implementation. The concept found from this study is that the community needs basic health services for mothers and children that are easy to access and accept, fair to all levels of society and medically safe. While the principles of efficiency and effectiveness are more about the interests of the organization in the use of resources and achieving goals.

From One Heath to One Sustainability: The Role of Contagious Mastitis Pathogens in Decreasing the Dairy Herd Sustainability.

Economic, social, and environmental sustainability are the results of efforts aiming to improve all aspects of milk production, respecting animal welfare and improving herd health. An epidemiological study was designed to assess the role of contagious pathogens (S. aureus and S. agalactiae) in a cohort of 120 dairy herds located in the southern regions of Italy. Milk quality was assessed using certified methods, and the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Welfare scores were assessed using a scoring card that has more than 100 items, including animal-based measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using general lineal model and logistic regression procedures. The results showed that S. aureus had a significant negative effect on the amount of milk nutrients delivered to the dairy plant, and on the level of welfare, whereas the presence of S. agalactiae did not show any significant association. The major risk factors associated with the presence of S. aureus were also identified to help prioritize control programs. These results support the "One Sustainability" approach, implying that an increase in animal productivity is related to the improvement of animal health and welfare and potentially leading to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

THE ROLE OF LAW IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RETAIL BUSINESS

Indonesia's economic system, which is increasing in modern times, requires the Indonesian people to play an active role in improving their welfare and economic level. To improve the level of the economy, people open various kinds of businesses. One of his efforts is to open a retail business. Retail business is a business that sells goods and services to end users or distributed directly to consumers. The retail business in Indonesia is currently growing very rapidly along with the shift from traditional to modern lifestyles, therefore this golden opportunity is utilized by retailers who have large capital and good management skills to open retail business businesses such as mini markets, super markets, hypermarkets and and so on that allows people to shop with facilities and comfort as well as good service, besides that the price of each product is quite affordable.

Exploring longitudinal associations between farmer wellbeing and the welfare of their livestock. The HUNT Study, Norway

The One Welfare approach acknowledges the interrelationships between human wellbeing and animal welfare. Early research has suggested associations between stockperson wellbeing and livestock welfare, however these scenarios are complex and challenging to untangle.In this study, we utilised merged data from over 700 farms to explore associations between farmer wellbeing and livestock welfare. The farms were engaged in cattle, sheep, and/or swine production in Norway between 2017 and 2020. The farmers participated in a general population-based health survey, and livestock welfare was measured using routinely collected, animal-based abattoir observations of over 480,000 animals. We determined a farm’s overall livestock welfare relative to the other farms and calculated within-farm differences in this relative welfare level over time. A subset of enterprises (n=328) with sufficient and non-ambiguous farmer wellbeing information were then used to explore differences in these within-farm differences by farmer wellbeing status. We found that poor farmer wellbeing — whether it was defined by anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, symptoms of psychological distress, or life satisfaction — was associated with a deterioration in overall livestock welfare level (in terms of the mean of the farm’s abattoir observed welfare indicators). There was evidence that this association persisted for at least two years.Given societal concerns regarding sustainable food production, farmer wellbeing, and livestock welfare, further research is indicated to explore the complex farmer-livestock relationship within the One Welfare framework. This study suggests that using within-farm changes in relative livestock welfare derived from routinely collected information can be a useful approach.

The Influence of Income, Family Consumption and Technology on the Welfare of Fishermen in Tanjung Benoa Bali

The high potential of fishery resources owned by Tanjung Benoa Village is a positive thing and can be a good source of income for the community. However, the fact is that this potential has not been able to provide the expected welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze 1) The simultaneous effect of income, family consumption, and technology on the welfare of fishing families; 2) Partial effect of income, family consumption, and technology on the welfare of fishing families; 3) Variables that have a dominant effect on the welfare of fishing families in Tanjung Benoa Village. This research uses an associative quantitative approach. The type of data used primary data with a population of 140 fishermen in Tanjung Benoa Village. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis using Stata software. The results of the analysis showed that: 1) income, family consumption, and technology have a significant effect simultaneously on the welfare of fishing families; 2) income, family consumption, and technology have a significant effect partially on the welfare of fishing families; 3) the technology variable is the dominant variable affecting the welfare of fishing families. Technology variable is the variable that has a dominant effect on the welfare of fishing families in Tanjung Benoa Village. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the fishing community is expected to pay attention to the technology variables used in helping the process of catching seafood owned in order to increase their income so as to be able to generate a general level of welfare.

CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIVE CHICKEN VARIETIES OF INDIA – REVIEW

The total meat production in India is 9.29 million out of which 4.78 million tonnes is from poultry and the growth of poultry meat sector has increased by 6.86 % over previous year. The growth rate of backyard poultry population from 2012 to 2019 (45.79 %) is ten times higher than when compared to commercial poultry (4.50 %) (BAHS, 2022). The native chickens are slowly growing in nature and are preferred for better flavor and for the belief that natural, less intensive management systems provide desi birds with higher welfare levels, resulting in much better product quality and great demand. The meat from native chicken is more delicious and provides nutritional security and economic support for the rural and most suited for backyard system of rearing. The aim is to study the carcass traits of available native chicken in India and compare it with native chicken at Hosur. The carcass characteristic of the native chicken variety at Hosur was evaluated by sacrificing 25 birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The observed results were compared with the performances of other varieties of native chicken in India with respect to the parameters like New York dressing yield, eviscerated yield, Ready to cook yield, cut-up parts yield, Meat bone ratio and Giblets yield at each sex of the bird at different age of slaughter especially at 16 weeks of age. It helps to identify the variety of native chicken which had good carcass traits and could be utilized for table delicacy.

Mental Wellbeing Among Workers Approaching Retirement: a Scoping Review

Increasing numbers of older workers have to postpone retirement to be eligible for pension income. Therefore, knowledge of how to ensure their mental wellbeing is becoming increasingly salient, especially in Nordic countries, where mental health problems are the most important reason for workers leaving the labor market prematurely. Yet, no systematic overview of what influences older workers’ mental wellbeing currently exists. This scoping review aims to build such knowledge and identify gaps in the literature. Employing a multi-faceted search strategy, we identified and reviewed 23 articles. The mental wellbeing of older workers is influenced by (a) working onditions, (b) workers’ socio-economic and psychological resources, and (c) uncertainties in the statutory framework. Research gaps include a lack of knowledge on (i) how the interaction between factors at the individual, workplace, and welfare state levels impacts older workers’ mental wellbeing, and (ii) the determinants of older workers’ mental wellbeing in Nordic countries.

WELFARE OF THE FISHERMEN COMMUNITY OF SOUTH TABULO VILLAGE, MANANGGU DISTRICT, BOALEMO REGENCY, GORONTALO

South Tabulo Village is one of the coastal areas of Gorontalo where most of the community are fishermen. This research aimed to determine the level of welfare of fishermen in South Tabulo Village, Mananggu District, Boalemo Regency, using Fisherman Exchange Rates (NTN) and modified Central Statistics Agency (BPS) indicators. The research was carried out from July to September 2022. Structured interviews were conducted with 46 respondents. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively descriptively using two approaches, namely NTN and modification of welfare indicators according to BPS. The results of the research show that based on the NTN analysis, the fishing community in South Tabulo Village, Mananggu District, Boalemo Regency, has a fairly good level of welfare and the potential to save for non-primary needs with a score of 132. Based on the modified BPS welfare indicator, the fishing community is at a medium welfare level with a score of 2.6.

Peran Pembangunan Proyek Smelter Manyar dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat Ditinjau dari Manajemen Syariah

This research aims to determine the role of the development of the Manyar Smelter project and its influence in increasing community income in terms of sharia management. The method used is qualitative obtained from primary and secondary data. The results of this research show that the economic condition of the community before the construction of the Manyar Smelter project was sufficient to meet prosperity. The role of the construction of the Manyar Smelter project in increasing people's income has a huge impact on the community's economy. Apart from recruiting local workers, it also has an impact on the MSME aspect of the surrounding community. So that the level of welfare is more than adequate. Of course, this increase must also be accompanied by financial management in accordance with Islamic financial principles

The Effect of Empowerment on The Welfare of Women Micro Business Actors Through Performance in Kutai Kartanegara District

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the economy, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Although MSMEs in Kutai Kartanegara Regency are experiencing significant growth, their welfare level is still low. This study aims to explore the effect of empowerment on the welfare of women MSME players, with MSME performance as an intervening variable, to understand the factors that influence their welfare in the region. The study uses a quantitative approach, using primary data and secondary data. Primary data in this study refers to information obtained directly from respondents or from sources relevant to the research focus. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from various literatures, both published and unpublished, as well as from related articles or reports. This study used a non-probability sampling technique, where the sample was purposively selected with a sample size of 122 Micro Business Actors in the Kutai Kartanegara region. This study, the analytical tool used was the SmartPLS version 3.2.9 application. The data analysis process involves three stages: measurement model (outer model), structural model (inner model), and hypothesis testing through the Bootstrapping method. The results of this study show that empowerment (X) has a positive and significant influence on performance (Z), performance (Z) has a positive and significant effect on welfare (Y), empowerment (X) has a positive and significant effect on welfare (Y), empowerment (X) has a positive and significant effect on welfare (Y) through Performance (Z).

Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) Welfare Monitoring in a Breeding Center during the Breeding Season

ABSTRACT One of the conservation measures of the globally near-threatened cinereous vulture is restoring populations via translocations, with some vultures originating from breeding centers. These centers need to have reproductive success, and securing good welfare levels should be a priority due to the negative implications a compromised welfare has on reproduction. Thus, assessing welfare in breeding centers is essential. Remote methods should be preferred, such as behavior analysis and use of space using camera systems. The study’s first objective was to develop an activity budget that could be used as a baseline for detecting behavior irregularities. The second was to determine if behavior analysis and use of space could detect potential welfare issues in a breeding center. The study developed an activity budget that could be used as a standard for behavior analysis for the captive population. Behavior irregularities were detected, and the potential need to improve the enclosure and its surroundings were noticed. Altogether, the proposed methodology and results will contribute to the detection of possible welfare issues in breeding centers and, consequently, improve reproductive success and species’ conservation.