Transportation Service Level Research Articles

Evaluation method of influence region of parking lot based on entropy method

In this paper, 24 parking lots in different areas of Beijing city were selected as the sample. First, a field survey was carried out for the basic information of parking lot and the land, transportation, economy and population of influence region, with seven evaluation indexes of land development intensity, traffic location potential, public transport accessibility, public transport service level, number of parking lots, house price and population density being selected, and their index value was calculated respectively according to the data of field survey. Second, the weight of each index was determined using the entropy method, and the evaluation model was established, and the division of influence region of parking lot based on development intensity was obtained, including three grades from small to large.

Modeling shared autonomous electric vehicles: Potential for transport and power grid integration

One-way car-sharing systems are becoming increasingly popular, and the introduction of autonomous vehicles could make these systems even more widespread. Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles could also allow for more controllable charging compared to private electric vehicles, allowing large scale demand response and providing essential ancillary services to the electric grid. In this work, we develop a simulation methodology for evaluating a Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicle system interacting with passengers and charging at designated charging stations using a heuristic-based charging strategy. The influence of fleet size is studied in terms of transport service quality and break-even prices for the system. We test the potential of the system to supply operating reserve by formulating an optimization problem for the optimal deployment of vehicles during a grid operator request. The results of the simulations for the case study of Tokyo show that a fleet of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles would only need to be about 10%–14% of a fleet of private cars providing a comparable level of transport service, with low break-even prices. Moreover, we show that the system can provide operating reserve under several operational conditions even at peak transport demand without significant disruption to transport service.

公共交通システムの整備水準とモビリティ・ ディバイドの発生状況に関する研究 -ポートランド及び岡山都市圏を対象にして-

公共交通システムの整備水準とモビリティ・ ディバイドの発生状況に関する研究 -ポートランド及び岡山都市圏を対象にして-

Cidade para Viver ou Trabalhar? Contradições da Distribuição de Atividades, Transporte e Condições Sociais: Estudo de Caso da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Apesar de existir, atualmente, um esforço do setor de transportes do Rio de Janeiro para demonstrar as contribuições das recentes soluções de mobilidade urbana para as questões sociais, ambientais e econômicas, ainda parece contraditório, quando a cidade em reestruturação continua apresentando uma distribuição desigual dos postos de trabalho, alto índice de desigualdade social e problemas crônicos de mobilidade urbana, como alto índice de uso de transporte privado, baixo nível de serviço do transporte público, longos trajetos e tempos de viagens. Esta contribuição busca avaliar a relação da infraestrutura de transportes disponíveis com a dinâmica de empregos e empresas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sob uma perspectiva geográfica. Com as análises geradas, será possível observar se os meios de transportes existentes e projetados para a cidade estão reproduzindo interesses já estabelecidos no curso da história, ou buscam gerar rupturas e novas logicas espaciais, com a intenção de reduzir as diferenças socioespaciais.

Service level, cost and environmental optimization of collaborative transportation

Less than truckload is an important type of road-based transportation. Based on real data and on a collaboration with industry, we show that a collaborative approach between companies offers important benefits. We propose to develop partnerships between shipping companies and to synchronize their shipments. Four operational collaborative schemes with different objectives are developed. The first one focuses on minimizing shipping costs for shippers. The second and third ones minimize the carrier’s costs and the environmental cost, respectively. The fourth one is a combination of all three. The results of our computational experiments demonstrate that collaboration lead to significant cost reductions.

Ventilator use by emergency medical services during 911 calls in the United States

BackgroundEmergency and transport ventilators use in the prehospital field is not well described. This study examines trends of ventilator use by EMS agencies during 911 calls in the United States and identifies factors associated with this use. MethodsThis retrospective study used four consecutive releases of the US National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) public research dataset (2011–2014) to describe scene EMS activations (911 calls) with and without reported ventilator use. ResultsVentilator use was reported in 260,663 out of 28,221,321 EMS 911 scene activations (0.9%). Patients with ventilator use were older (mean age 67±18years), nearly half were males (49.2%), mostly in urban areas (80.2%) and cared for by advanced life support (ALS) EMS services (89.5%). CPAP mode of ventilation was most common (71.6%).“Breathing problem” was the most common dispatch complaint for EMS activations with ventilator use (63.9%). Common provider impression categories included “respiratory distress” (72.5%), “cardiac rhythm disturbance” (4.6%), “altered level of consciousness” (4.3%) and “cardiac arrest”(4.0%).Ventilator use was consistently higher at the Specialty Care Transport (SCT) and Air Medical Transport (AMT) service levels and increased over the study period for both suburban and rural EMS activations. Significant factors for ventilator use included demographic characteristics, EMS agency type, specific complaints, provider's primary impressions and condition codes. ConclusionsProviders at different EMS levels use ventilators during 911 scene calls in the US. Training of prehospital providers on ventilation technology is needed. The benefit and effectiveness of this intervention remain to be assessed.

Optimization of the development of tourism business in the conditions of information society

Urgency of the research lies in the fact that today, tourism has become an integral part of every country in the world, because it is one of the most dynamic and profitable among all sectors of the world economy, contributes to the strengthening and spread of economic, social and cultural ties. I n the modern world tourism is seen as a socio-economic phenomenon that exerts a direct and indirect influence on the development of information society and of all related infrastructure and members of the population. Modern tourism is based on a high level of transport development, social sphere and services, which, in the final analysis, turns it into a highly profitable branch of the economy. Studies which have been conducted by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) show that the state of the global tourism industry, despite the objective difficulties of recent years, is generally stable and the industry maintains the position of the largest, high-yielding and fast-growing sector of the world economy. Target setting. In the article we try to analyze and conceptualize the investigations on the priority trends of information society development in context of economic, social and cultural rationale of tourism business functioning. The problem of the research is related to the impact of tourism on the man in the spiritual level, and self-realization in the information society and globalization; the risks that may arise from the implementation of tourist service projects are considered. The aim of the research is to present the impact of tourism on a person in the context of globalization and the information society and to determine the directions for the development of tourism in the information society and globalization. Research methods which were used: theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization . Results: the directions for the development of tourism in the information society and globalization are outlined , so they are : to improve actively tourism legislation, to promote the development of tourist operators activities at the level of state structures, to stimulate the private initiative of local tourist firms, to pay special attention to enhancing the role of tourism safety, to promote the development of the scientific discourse of tourism, to promote greater interaction and diversity of businesses, state and public organizations and associations, to help the strengthening of the social orientation of the tourism accessible to all segments of the population, to study the experience of countries that are actively engaged in tourism business

ACCESSIBILITY AND FLOOD RISK SPATIAL INDICATORS AS MEASURES OF VULNERABILITY

Based on the recent literature relating transport service level and social exclusion, as well as perceptions about the capacity of the population to cope with the occurrence of fl ood events, this paper identifi ed the spatial pattern related to fl ood risk and accessibility to urban facilities. For that, composite spatial indicator is developed and compared with socioeconomic data. The analysis shows the outskirts of the city with the most vulnerable places, with high levels of fl ood risk and low levels of accessibility. Those regions with low level of accessibility and close to fl ood prone areas are characterized by low income level as well as the low percentage of residents with sewage system.

Multiobjective Model For The Simultaneous Optimization Of Transportation Costs, Inventory Costs And Service Level In Goods Distribution

This paper presents a model formulation for the multiobjetive optimization of transportation costs, inventory costs and service level for the goods distribution process. The multiobjective model is composed by two objective functions, in which the transportation and inventory cost are optimized using the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) and the service level is optimized using the number of accomplished time windows for the vehicles in the routing process. The model is solved using the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII), implementing a novel representation of the chromosome, which allows assigning inventory and routes simultaneously. The algorithm allows calculating the Pareto Frontier for the analyzed distribution case, observing good qualities in the solution, compared with what is found in scientific literature.

How to measure the level of activity opportunities secured by rural public transport service: The capability approach

Abstract A few researchers have applied Sen's capability approach to rural public transport planning. However, previous studies have yet to clarify what the traditional utility approach is missing or why the capability approach is useful. The aims of this study are (1) to determine whether it is desirable to evaluate the level of public transport service according to the capability approach rather than the traditional utility approach because of truncation of needs satisfaction, and (2) to propose a modeling framework for implementing the plan as an optimum combination of level of service and cost burden chosen by public transport users.

Управління якістю послуг транспортно-логістичних компаній

In the article, the concepts of service in logistics are considered, on the basis of which it is proposed to identify the basic and additional quality level of transport and logistics services, the dependence of profit on the services quality of the transport and logistics company is investigated, and the stages of assessing the logistics companies services quality are given. In modern conditions, the influence role of the logistics services quality level to customers on the successful operation and competitiveness of the transport and logistics company is growing. Effective organization of service should cover the entire logistics chain. The activities of transport and logistics companies affect the costs level, quality and reliability of the supply of products. Rigidity and increased competition lead to the fact that increased attention is paid to the logistics service level. The services of transport and logistics companies facilitate the work of consignors in the organization of delivery of products and allow you to choose the best method and transportation route. The ability and ability of transport and logistics companies to implement their services qualitatively affect the efficiency of their activities and contribute to meeting the requirements of consignors and consignees in the process of goods circulation. Ensuring the proper transport and logistics services quality level is possible due to the introduction of an effective quality management system. Thus, the success of the transport and logistics company depends on the quality level of its services and the management pro-cess. In this regard, the management of the transport and logistics services quality is an urgent requirement of the time, since this is necessary in conditions of acute competition in the transport services market. Quality management is the process of influencing the production of services by transport and logistics company top management of middle and lower management executing management functions to ensure the required quality. Quality management is carried out in accordance with the quality policy, created by top management and specific requirements of transport services consumers. The purpose of this work is to determine the transport and logistics services quality levels, to study key principles of quality management and to develop methodological bases for assessing the quality of transport and logistics companies services.

Establishment and Empirical Analysis of Evaluation Index System for Basic Public Service Level of Transportation

The establishment of evaluation index system of basic public service level of transportation is of great guidin g significance to improving China's comprehensive transportation development, whereas it is lacking in a complete set of practical and standardized evaluation index system for basic public services of transportation. This paper analyzes the connotations and characteristics of basic public services of transportation to determine its scope and content at present and develop the rating index system and index calculation method that cover four aspects of urban public transportation, rural passenger transportation, rural highways and universal postal service of three categories. Through analysis and comparison of the comprehensive evaluation methods of m ultiple indexes and based on the structural characteristics of the basic public service evaluation indexes of transportation, the paper combines AHP with fuzzy evaluation method to build a quantitative model of multi-index comprehensive evaluation to provide comprehensive evaluation method for basic public service evaluation of transportation. In addition, it also takes Xiji County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as example to evaluate the basic public service level of the transportation, and it can detect through evaluation problems and deficiencies existing in basic public services of its transportation, so as to take corresponding measures for those problems and deficiencies.

Designing Sustainable Public Transportation: Integrated Optimization of Bus Speed and Holding Time in a Connected Vehicle Environment

Developing public transportation and giving priority to buses is a feasible solution for improving the level of public transportation service, which facilitates congestion alleviation and prevention, and contributes to urban development and city sustainability. This paper presents a novel bus operation control strategy including both holding control and speed control to improve the level of service of transit systems within a connected vehicle environment. Most previous work focuses on optimization of signal timing to decrease the bus signal delay by assuming that holding control is not applied; the speed of buses is given as a constant input and the acceleration and deceleration processes of buses can be neglected. This paper explores the benefits of a bus operation control strategy to minimize the total cost, which includes bus signal delay, bus holding delay, bus travel delay, acceleration cost due to frequent stops and intense driving. A set of formulations are developed to explicitly capture the interaction between bus holding control and speed control. Experimental analysisand simulation tests have shown that the proposed integrated operational model outperforms the traditional control, speed control only, or holding control only strategies in terms of reducing the total cost of buses. The sensitivity analysis has further demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the proposed approach to be applied in a real-time bus operation control system under different levels of traffic demand, bus stop locations, and speed limits.

The Effect of Public Transport Services on Quality of Life in Medan City

Abstract City citizens need the availability of public transportation to support their daily activities. The purposes of this research are to know the level of public transport services in Medan and how is the expectation on it and how is the effect of public transport services on quality of life in Medan city. Research methods using primary data from surveys of people who use public transport. The analysis technique used was descriptive analysis and simple linear regression. The results shows that the public perception of public transport services with indicators insurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, tangible and comfort were are low. The public transport service effect significantly to the quality of life.

Public service obligations for air transport in the United States and Europe: Connectivity effects and value for money

Public service obligations (PSOs) are used by governments in many countries, including the United States and 11 countries in Europe, to mandate a minimum level of commercial air transportation service, especially for small or rural communities. This paper analyzes PSOs in these 12 countries for the year 2010 using the recently proposed Global Connectivity Index to measure direct and indirect market access and a novel subsidy database covering 90% of PSO movements in these countries to assess value-for-money.We show that PSO services represent about 2.5% of all commercial movements in the 12 countries analyzed, generating about 1% of these countries’ total air transport connectivity. Over all routes for which data was available, approximately USD$ 900 million was earmarked for PSO and air service discount provision in 2010, with average subsidies per movement ranging from about $700 to $3500. PSO market access and efficiency outcomes vary across the countries analyzed. Some countries, such as Germany and the United States, focus on providing network access for smaller communities, thereby creating not only point-to-point, but also onward connectivity, while others such as Norway, Sweden, and Ireland, predominantly aim at providing “lifeline services” that connect remote regions to a nearby economic center without providing onward connections.

Database Development Approach and Survey Design for Travel Mode Shift Behavior Study with Respect to Mass Transit in a Metropolitan Context

Travel behavior study is one of the most complex studies as it governs multi-parameter evaluation at a time and involves collection of huge data pertaining to human behavior in variety of situations (Rastogi and Krishna Rao in Segmentation analysis of commuters accessing transit: Mumbai study. J Transp Eng 135(8):506–515, 2009). Success of travel behavior studies is mostly dependent on healthy data collection. Aim of this paper, is to evaluate and suggest the most suitable database development approach and research strategies which can be adopted for travel behavior studies especially in context of Indian metro cities. It also presents entire survey design procedure adopted for travel mode shift study along with researchers’ experience in execution of survey and difficulties faced by field teams. Three level filtration processes are adopted for selection of variables for development of mode shift models. Initially the least important variables were omitted based on variable ranking results. Top ranked seven variables are identified for final survey design, out of which travel time (including transit access time, waiting time and in-vehicle time), travel cost and number of transfers are directly measurable variables while comfort, convenience, safety and security are latent variables. The latent variables are measured using psychometric scale constructed from various latent variable indicators and then converted into latent classes using principal component analysis. Research instrument developed and adopted for the present study was tested through pilot survey and corrected as per data compatibility requirement. Finally 1017 valid responses out of 1500 distributed questionnaires are analyzed to evaluate the effects of enhanced level of hypothetical public transport services on travel mode shift behavior through development of binary logistic regression models. Changes in the model performance with inclusion of latent classes are also evaluated using various statistical tools. This paper includes original work based on primary data from a field survey, findings of which are expected to provide a better understanding of entire database development process and effect of different variables on mode shift behavior in context of Indian metropolitan area.

The Evaluation and Selection of Third-Party Logistics Service Vendor

With the gradual increase of number of third-party logistics service vendors, if evaluation system and evaluation method for third-party logistics service vendor are not complete, it is difficult for enterprises to choose the most appropriate vendor. To solve the problem, by analyzing research status about evaluation and selection of third-party logistics service vendor and combining the actual service needs of enterprises, construct an evaluation index system from four factors of transportation capability, storage capacity, service level and operational efficiency. For selection of evaluation methods, this paper using two algorithms which are AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In addition, a foreign trade company of Shanghai is taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the evaluation system.

Challenges and Innovative Solutions in Urban Rail Transit Network Operations and Management: China’s Guangzhou Metro Experience

Urban rail transit operations have changed from a single line to a multiline network. The network operations have undergone quantitative and qualitative changes, and operations management is facing rapid internal and external changes. Using the Guangzhou Metro network operation practices as a case study, this paper first systematically analyzes the features of the operation scale, the proportion of urban mass transit, the surge in public demand, the security of the operational service capacity, reforms to the operation governance structure, the high-speed expansion of staff, and the development of knowledge and skills in urban mass transit networks. The paper then proposes several responses to the challenges that such networks face; for example, this paper proposes creating an innovative network operations management system, strengthening the management foundation, creating plans to promote operation capacity, enhancing security risk management and equipment quality management, developing a crisis public relations response, and applying information technology. In addition, this paper systematically describes countermeasures for multiline network operations, such as developing a management mechanism for network operations, actively cultivating staff skills, creating innovative transport organization models to enhance operational capacity, establishing a production service assessment system to continuously improve the level of transportation service, establishing a quantifiable safety assessment system and equipment quality index model, strengthening quality controls for security and equipment, extensively using information technology to ensure the health of the urban mass transit network operation, and implementing sustainable development measures.

Synchromodal hinterland freight transport: Model study for the port of Rotterdam

This paper develops a model that enables comparative analysis of intermodal and synchromodal operations from economic, societal, and environmental perspectives. The model captures relevant (day-to-day and within-day) dynamics in freight transport demand and supply, flexible multimodal routing with transfers and transhipments. The capacitated schedule-based assignment algorithm operating specifically at path level allows strategic modelling and evaluation accounting for the freight transport system at operational level. The Rotterdam hinterland container transport case study shows that synchromodal system is likely to improve transport service level, capacity utilization, and modal shift, but not to reduce delivery costs.

The Optimization of Passengers’ Travel Time under Express-Slow Mode Based on Suburban Line

The suburban line connects the suburbs and the city centre; it is of huge advantage to attempt the express-slow mode. The passengers’ average travel time is the key factor to reflect the level of rail transport services, especially under the express-slow mode. So it is important to study the passengers’ average travel time under express-slow, which can get benefit on the optimization of operation scheme. First analyze the main factor that affects passengers’ travel time and then mine the dynamic interactive relationship among the factors. Second, a new passengers’ travel time evolution algorithm is proposed after studying the stop schedule and the proportion of express/slow train, and then membrane computing theory algorithm is introduced to solve the model. Finally, Shanghai Metro Line 22 is set as an example to apply the optimization model to calculate the total passengers’ travel time; the result shows that the total average travel time under the express-slow mode can save 1 minute and 38 seconds; the social influence and value of it are very huge. The proposed calculation model is of great help for the decision of stop schedule and provides theoretical and methodological support to determine the proportion of express/slow trains, improves the service level, and enriches and complements the rail transit operation scheme optimization theory system.