Total Antioxidant Status Levels Research Articles

Systematic review and meta-analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis

BackgroundWe performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize all studies that reported the level of oxidative and antioxidative markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients compared to controls.MethodsWe registered our study in PROSPERO (CRD42023431310). PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant publications up to June 5, 2023. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We included 30 articles after multiple stags of screening.ResultsWe found that erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = − 1.00, 95%CI = -1.79 to -0.21, p = 0.013, and SMD = − 1.90, 95%CI = -3.43 to -0.38, p = 0.01, Respectively). However, there was not any difference between patients with RAS and healthy controls in erythrocyte Catalase (SMD = − 0.71, 95%CI = -1.56–0.14, p = 0.10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) level, in serum was significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (SMD = − 0.98, 95%CI = -1.57 to -0.39, p = 0.001). In addition, RAS patients had higher levels of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Serum total oxidant status, and serum oxidative stress index than healthy controls (SMD = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.43–2.79, p < 0.001, SMD = 1.53, 95%CI = 0.34–2.72, p = 0.01, and SMD = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.25–2.25, p = 0.014, Respectively); However, salivary MDA and TAS, and serum uric acid, vitamin E and C, and reduced glutathione levels of patients with RAS were not different from that of healthy controls.ConclusionsThe relationship between oxidative stress and RAS is well established in this meta-analysis. Although the molecular processes underlying the etiology of this pathology remain unknown, evidence indicating oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis of RAS has been revealed.

Comparison of Oral Health and Salivary Biomarkers in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Healthy Individuals.

This study examines the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on the oral health and detectability of inflammatory biomarkers IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the saliva of children with JIA. This study included 117 participants (39 patients with JIA and 78 systemically healthy subjects aged 8-12 years). Demographic data, responses to an oral health-related questionnaire, saliva samples, periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and dental recordings [facial profile (FP) and dental occlusion relationship (DOR)] were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the levels of salivary IL-17, TNF-α and TAS. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index, FP and DOR distributions did not change between groups (P > 0.05). JIA patients had more temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort than gingivitis patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). JIA patients had greater salivary IL-17 levels than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The healthy group's TAS was higher than that of the JIA and gingivitis groups (P < 0.05). Saliva TNF-α levels were similar between groups (P > 0.05). PI, GI, BOP and TNF-α were positively associated with salivary IL-17 (P < 0.001). Elevated salivary IL-17 and TAS levels could be used as biological markers for discriminating the clinical health status of children with JIA and gingivitis.

Boric Acid Affects Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in ALL Cells.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from early T-cell progenitors. Interest grows in creating less toxic agents and therapies for chemo-resistant T-ALL cancer. Recently, elemental boron has special properties useful in the creation of new drugs. Studies have revealed the cytotoxic properties of boric acid (BA) on cancer, but not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of BA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the Jurkat cells. The effects of BA on cell viability were determined by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay for 24-48-72 h. The impact of BA on apoptosis was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide. Expression of apoptosis regulatory genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3-8-9) and apoptotic miRNA (miR-21) was used by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) value were calculated for oxidative stress. We determined the cytotoxic activity of BA on Jurkat cells by using XTT and defined the IC50 concentration (802.7 μg/mL) of BA. The findings clearly show that BA inhibited Jurkat cell proliferation dose-dependently. BA induced apoptosis through downregulated anti-apoptotic genes, and upregulated pro-apoptotic genes. Additionally, we found that BA significantly reduced the expression of miR-21 (p<0.001). Our findings demonstrated that different doses of BA increased TAS levels while decreasing TOS levels in Jurkat cells. Our study suggests that BA might be potential anti-cancer agent candidate in ALL via inhibition of cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and reducing the amounts of anti-oxidants in cells.

Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum Nigrum Extract in Experimental Diabetes Model

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-commu¬nicable disease; it is globally considered the fifth cause of death and it has attained worldwide epidemic pro¬portions. In our study, we aimed to investigate the diabetic effects of Solanum nigrum extract using the control group (C), diabetes group (D), groups given the Solanum nigrum extract (SN) and diabetes group + Solanum nigrum extract (D+SN). Our results observed the biological effectiveness of Solanum nigrum extract on glucose levels, significant increase serum glucose level group (D) (663±21.8 mg/dL) in comparison with C (131±9.8 mg/dL) were recorded. However, there were no significant difference in glucose level between C group (131±9.8 mg/dl) and SN group (196.14±12.1 mg/dL). Moreover, glucose level of D+SN group (484.8±40.0 mg/dL) was significantly higher than C (131±9.8 mg/dl), D (663±21.8 mg/dl) and SN groups (196.14±12.1 mg/dL). Total antioxidant status (TAS) level in D group (1.85±0.15.7) was significant when compared C group (1.28±0.17). Significant differences were observed between D group and D+SN group (1.54±0.07). However, TAS levels showed no significant difference in both SN (1.27±0.10) and D+SN (1.54±0.07) groups in comparison to the control group. Total oxidant status (TOS) level in D group (6.30±1.41) was given significant differences in comparison with control C (3.87±0.34), SN (4.87±0.80) group and D+SN (4.14±0.34) groups. In contrary, there were no significant differences between all of C, SN, D+SN groups. As a result, we can say that the Solanum nigrum plant extract is effective on diabetes, but it cannot lower the glucose level to normal levels, it needs to be investigated in future studies and its effects at different doses by different extraction methods.

Neuroprotective Potential of Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. and A. Huet subsp. refractum (Nábelek) Mory: Role of NRF2-KEAP1 Pathway

The extracts of Glaucium grandiflorum have been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, no former study has investigated whether the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum have antioxidative effects against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidative effects of the alkaloid extracts of G. grandiflorum with a variety of targets and probable mechanisms. First, we used spectrophotometry to investigate alkaloid extracts with respect to their alkaloid amounts. Then, we determined the alkaloid extracts’ impact on thiol/disulfide homeostasis, total oxidant status/total antioxidant status/oxidative stress index, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Finally, the effects of alkaloid extracts on the genes in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway were determined via qRT-PCR. We conducted molecular docking analyses to determine the potential binding of isoquinoline alkaloids found within the alkaloid extracts with target proteins. We observed the best results from chloroform alkaloid extract and methanol alkaloid extract. Chloroform alkaloid extract was prominent in DPPH radical scavenging and metal ions chelating, and methanol alkaloid extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Alkaloid extract groups substantially increased in total thiol activity, native thiol activity, disulfide activity, total antioxidant status level, antioxidant enzyme levels, and gene expression levels (GCLC, HO-1, NRF2, and NQO1) compared to the H2O2 group. Also, alkaloid extract groups led to a significant drop in total oxidant status level, oxidative stress index level, and KEAP1 gene expression level relative to the H2O2 group. According to our study results, oxidative stress brought about by H2O2 was regulated by alkaloid extracts. As a result, a phytochemical-based therapeutic that regulates H2O2-induced oxidative stress was brought to the neurochemical field.

Effects of Vitamin D on Asprosin Immunoreactivity Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats.

Background Cyclophosphamide (CP), commonly used as an anticarcinogenic drug, has the potential to induce detrimental effects on multiple tissues, including the liver. Asprosin, which is a glucogenic adipokine, induces the liver to secrete glucose, thus contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the immunoreactivity of asprosin in the liver tissue of rats exposed to CP administration, as well as the changes in its levels due to the supplementation of Vitamin D (Vit D). Materials and methods Four experimental groups were formed, including control, Vit D (200 IU/kg), CP (200 mg/kg), and Vit D+ CP. Histopathological analysis was carried out by employing staining methods on liver tissues. These techniques encompassed the application of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Through the application of spectrophotometric methods,concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and asprosin were determined. Furthermore, apoptotic cells were identified by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the asprosin immunoreactivity was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Under light microscope examination, the histopathological damage was found to be more notable in the CP group compared to the control group. Moreover, a decrease was observed in serum and tissue asprosin levels, while an increase was noted in the count of apoptotic cells, along with elevated MDA and TOS levels. However, in the CP+Vit D group, Vit D administration alleviated histopathological damage. Notably, there were significant increases in TAS and asprosin levels, accompanied by reductions in both MDA and TOS levels. Conclusions The effect of CP on liver tissue was observed to result in damage and a reduction in asprosin levels. Vit D supplementation revealed elevated asprosin levels and a distinct protective effect on the tissue. Considering the association between asprosin and liver injury induced by CP, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the effect of asprosin on tissues. When combined with VitD, asprosin holds promise for potential clinical applications as a therapeutic target.

Effect of mode of delivery on neonatal oxidative stress and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis.

To evaluate the effect of the mode of delivery on neonatal oxidative stress and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis. Sixty women who were followed up in the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic were included in this prospective study. Cord blood samples were obtained from women who underwent cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery (VD). Total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels were measured by spectrophotometry. The dynamic thiol-disulfide balance was determined by colorimetry. The total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index levels were higher and total oxidant status levels were lower in the VD group compared with the CS group. Native and total thiol levels were higher while disulfide levels were lower in the VD compared with the CS delivery group, while disulfide levels were higher in the CS group. These results indicate that disulfide formation leads to decreased antioxidant capacity in women undergoing CS. Monitoring of dynamic thiol-disulfide levels may thus provide clinicians with important information on the oxidative stress status in newborns.

Cytotoxic activity of TRPV4 antagonist RN-1734 in G-361 human melanoma cancer cell line

Purpose: Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a role in many cellular events, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, gene transcription, oxidative stress, the antioxidant system, and apoptosis. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are non-selective cation (Ca2+) channels. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic activity of RN-1734, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) antagonist, in the G361 human melanoma cancer cell line. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: The effects of RN-1734 on G361 cell viability at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were determined using a ready-made commercial kit, after which oxidative stress index (OSI) values were calculated. To determine the apoptotic effects of RN-1734, Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 expression levels, caspase-3 and -8 activities were examined via quantitative real-time PCR analysis. &#x0D; Results: G361 cell viability significantly decreased to 82.72, 72.81, 56.36, 39.16 and 18.96% in RN-1734 groups (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μM) compared to the control group (100.00%). At IC50 concentration (39.48 μM), RN-1734 application (3.35 mmol/g prot.-TAS, 45.87 μmol/g prot.-TOS, and 1501.97 AU-OSI) increased the TAS level (2.17 mmol/g prot.) and decreased the TOS level (55.41 μmol/g prot.) and OSI value (3142.76 AU) compared to the control group. &#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings show that RN-1734 may be a novel therapeutic approach to treating melanoma by decreasing the cell viability of G361 human melanoma cancer cells.

IRBESARTAN REDUCES LIVER DAMAGE INDUCED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VIA INHIBITION OF TOTAL OXIDANT STATUS, INTERLEUKIN-1B AND CASPASE-3 LEVELS

Objective&#x0D; In septic conditions, hyperinflammatory response&#x0D; and hepatotoxicity are caused by oxidative stress,&#x0D; inflammation, and apoptosis. Irbesartan (IB), an&#x0D; adrenergic receptor blocker, has anti-inflammatory and&#x0D; antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate&#x0D; the protective effect of IB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-&#x0D; induced acute hepatotoxicity.&#x0D; Material and Method&#x0D; A total of eight rats were used in three groups; a control&#x0D; group; LPS group [5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)];&#x0D; and LPS + IB group [5 mg/kg LPS (IP) + 50 mg/kg IB&#x0D; (orally)]. After sacrification, tissues from the liver and&#x0D; blood were obtained for immunohistochemical and&#x0D; biochemical evaluations, such as interleukin-1 beta&#x0D; (IL-1β), caspase-3 (Cas-3) alanine aminotransferase&#x0D; (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), oxidative&#x0D; stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), and&#x0D; total antioxidant status (TAS).&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Compared with the control group, increased AST&#x0D; and ALT levels in the blood, biochemically increased&#x0D; TOS and OSI and decreased TAS levels in the&#x0D; tissue, immunohistochemically increased IL-1β, Cas-&#x0D; 3, detected. Also, in liver tissue, histopathologically&#x0D; hyperemia, hemorrhage, vacuolization, and&#x0D; significant neutrophilia infiltration were found in the&#x0D; LPS group. IB administration significantly reversed&#x0D; all these parameters. TAS levels were increased&#x0D; by IB administration, whereas TOS and OSI levels&#x0D; were decreased (p = 0.001). IB also decreased&#x0D; AST and ALT values (p = 0.001). In the IB group,&#x0D; Cas-3 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased&#x0D; by IB administration (p = 0.001). In addition, the&#x0D; IB ameliorated histopathological findings showed&#x0D; enhanced hyperaemia, haemorrhages, vacuolisation&#x0D; and significant neutrophilic leukocyte infiltration&#x0D; (p = 0.001). IB treatment attenuated LPS-induced&#x0D; hepatotoxicity by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and&#x0D; antiapoptotic properties.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Attenuating liver injury and restoring liver function lowers&#x0D; morbidity and mortality rates in patients with sepsis.&#x0D; IB protects liver tissue from hepatotoxicity caused by&#x0D; LPS thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and&#x0D; anti-apoptotic properties. Further investigation of the&#x0D; liver’s role in sepsis may lead to the development of&#x0D; new therapeutic targets and strategies. IB may be&#x0D; an alternative therapeutic agent for the prevention of&#x0D; acute hepatotoxicity during sepsis.

Oxidative stress may be a contributing factor in fibromyalgia patients' pain mechanisms.

The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM), a continuously painful syndrome with no known origin, has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that FM may be associated with an oxidative balance disorder. The objective of this study was to measure the levels of oxidative stress in FM patients and try to understand the association between FM and free radicals. This study was performed on 100 volunteers admitted to the University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2, Abdulhamid Han Health Application and Research Center Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, including 50 healthy controls and 50 patients with FM. To analyze oxidative stress biomarkers, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured. Total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT) concentrations were measured to determine the relationship between thiol groups. Disulfide (DIS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated with mathematical formulas. While TOS and OSI levels were statistically higher in FM patients, TAS levels were significantly lower compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). In comparison to the healthy control group, FM patients had considerably decreased TT and NT levels. DIS levels were significantly higher in FM patients than in controls (p<0.001). Reactive oxygen species have several negative impacts on the human body. As a result of the measurements we analyzed, the relationship between FM and oxidative stress should be studied in terms of disease progression and may help improve the treatment process.

Effects of vitamin E and selenium administration on transportation stress in pregnant dairy heifers

We investigated the effects of road transportation and administration of the vitamin E and selenium (ESe) on circulating cortisol, haptoglobin, blood metabolites, oxidative biomarkers, white blood cell profiles, and behaviors in pregnant dairy heifers. Forty pregnant Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments: no transportation and no ESe administration, no transportation and ESe administration, transportation and no administration, and transportation and ESe administration. The ESe (70 IU/kg dry matter feed of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate and 0.3 mg/kg dry matter feed of sodium selenite) was orally delivered once a day from 7 d before transportation to 3 d after transportation. The heifers were transported in trucks designed for cattle transportation. Blood was collected 1 h before transportation, immediately after transportation (IAT), and at 6, 24, and 48 h after transportation. Behaviors were recorded using a video camera for 2 consecutive days after transportation. Transported/non-ESe-administered heifers had greater cortisol at IAT, haptoglobin at 6 and 24 h after transportation, total oxidative status at 6 h after transportation, and nonesterified fatty acid levels, white blood cell numbers, and neutrophil percentages at IAT and 6 h after transportation in the blood than nontransported heifers. Transported/non-ESe-administered heifers had lower total antioxidative status levels at 48 h after transportation and lymphocyte percentages at IAT and 6 h after transportation than nontransported heifers. Lying time was shorter in transported heifers than nontransported/non-ESe-administered heifers. Transported/ESe-administered heifers had lower cortisol, total oxidative status, nonesterified fatty acid levels at IAT, and haptoglobin concentrations at 6 and 24 h after transportation than transported/non-ESe-administered heifers. Transported/ESe-administered heifers had greater total antioxidative status levels at 48 h after transportation than transported/non-ESe-administered heifers. No ESe administration effects were observed for white blood cell number and neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages and lying time. In conclusion, road transportation caused temporary oxidative stress. Administrating ESe partially alleviated the stress, suggesting that ESe administration could be a viable strategy to reduce stress in transported pregnant heifers, providing a novel role of vitamin E and selenium for improving animal welfare.

Antioxidant Capacity of Melatonin against Oxidative Stress Caused by Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Rats

Antioxidant supplements such as melatonin are used to prevent oxidative stress during exercise. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant capacity of melatonin supplementation against oxidative stress induced by the weight loss observed during exercise. Forty Wistar Albino male rats were subjected to 10 days of jogging exercises. Two groups were formed based on weight loss. Two subgroups were created in each group. Melatonin (5 mg/kg) was administered to each subgroup in each group. The other subgroups were designated as control subgroups. Blood samples were collected after 10 d. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase, melatonin, and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed in blood samples. SOD, glutathione peroxidase, TAS, and melatonin levels in the melatonin subgroup were higher than those in the control subgroup in the non-weight loss group. In contrast, the malondialdehyde levels were lower. Melatonin levels in the melatonin subgroup were higher than those in the control subgroup in the weight loss group. Conversely, the SOD and TAS levels were lower. In addition, there was a positive correlation between weight loss and malondialdehyde levels and a negative correlation with SOD, TAS, and melatonin levels. Melatonin (5 mg/kg) supplementation showed antioxidant capacity in exercise without weight loss, but was insufficient in exercise with weight loss.

Investigating the relationship between COVID-19 and total oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in individuals

Free oxygen radicals are effective in the development and progression of viral infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress in individuals who have been diagnosed with COVID-19, a viral disease nowadays. The study was carried out between March 2021 and June 2021. Blood samples of 50 patients who applied to Medipol University Faculty of Medicine with suspected COVID-19 infection, whose clinical and molecular diagnoses were corrected and were taken for routine evaluations, were included in this study. In the healthy group, 50 serum samples taken before the COVID-19 pandemic were used. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured, and the data collected were then statistically compared. The TAS level in the COVID-19 group (1.470±0.269) was lower than the healthy group TAS level (1.491±0.286), but it was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). The TOS level in COVID-19 group was 13.962 (3.02±36.35) while it was low as 7.925 (1.19±15.03) in the healthy group. The high TOS value in the COVID-19 group was found to be statistically significant compared to the healthy group (p

Thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a new oxidative stress marker in patients with Fabry disease.

This is the first study to show both dynamic thiol-disulfide balance and oxidative stress levels in patients with Fabry disease (FD). This prospective study consists of 30 FD patients and 30 healthy controls. Thiol and disulfide values of the study groups were evaluated using a new, cost-effective and fully automatic colorimetric method. A total of 60 subjects were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control groups for native and total thiol levels (p < 0.001). In addition, disulfide levels were significantly higher in FD patients compared with the control group (p < 0.003). Native thiol levels showed significantly negative correlation with lysosomal globotriaosylceramide, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels. In addition, a positive correlation was found between disulfide/natural thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios and TOS, OSI, and blood urea nitrogen. We found total antioxidant status levels were lower in the patient group compared to the control group, while TOS and OSI levels were higher and were statistically significant. This study highlights for the first time a novel, cost-effective and fully automated measurement of thiol-disulfide levels in patients with FD. Determination of thiol levels can make important contributions to understand the etiopathogenesis and follow-up of the disease in FD patients.

The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line.

There is an increasing incidence of liver cancer, which is a hazard for global health. The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. We also used the HUVEC cell line to show whether thymol damages healthy cells. Oxidative stress level was determined with Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) measurement kits. Apoptosis of cells was detected in flow cytometry with Annexin V apoptosis kit. Apoptotic gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Genotoxicity was determined by comet assay, which measures DNA damage. The thymol IC50 dose was found to be 11μM on HepG2 cell line. This dose had no lethal effect on the healthy HUVEC cell line. While thymol significantly decreased the TOS level, it increased the TAS level significantly in HepG2 cells compared to control. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells (apoptosis rate in control group 1%, in thymol group 21%). Thymol did not alter the gene expressions of bax, bcl-2, and casp3, all of which are associated with apoptosis. Statistically significant change in favor of genotoxicity was observed in tail length measurements. Our results suggest that thymol decreases oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line, but it induces apoptosis and genotoxicity.

The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on oxidative parameters, SCUBE-1 and SCUBE-2 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in cholestatic rats.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the liver, oxidative parameters, and signal peptide-CUB-epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (SCUBE-1 and -2) in an experimental cholestatic hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. Twenty-four female rats were included in the study and divided into four groups of six rats each. Group 1 was the control group, in which only laparotomy was performed; Group 2 underwent laparotomy and received alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on a daily basis; bile duct ligation was performed in Group 3; bile duct ligation was performed, and ALA was administered to Group 4. All rats underwent relaparotomy on the seventh day, followed by 30 minutes of hepatic ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion in Groups 3 and 4. Liver tissue and blood samples were taken for histopathological and biochemical examinations. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), albumin, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), SCUBE-1, SCUBE-2, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were also examined. The SCUBE-1 and SCUBE-2 values in Group 4 were lower than in Group 3, but no significant difference was observed between all the groups. The AST, TBIL, and DBIL levels were significantly higher in Groups 3 and 4 than in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.0001). Although TOS was the highest in Group 3, the measurements were similar across the groups (p=0.464). IMA and TAS were similar between Groups 3 and 4 but significantly higher in these groups than in Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.001). The hepatic injury observed in Groups 3 and 4 was significantly higher than that observed in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.0001). In the histopathological examination, neutrophilic infiltration and bile duct proliferation were less commonly detected in the portal areas in Group 4 than in Group 3, and necrotic foci were not observed due to the administration of ALA. The promising effects of ALA, known for its powerful antioxidant properties, on the IR injury of the liver can allow it to enter clinical practice in the future.

The Effect of Rosmarinic Acid Against Ovarian and Lung Injuries Induced by Ovarian Torsion Detorsion in Rats

Background: Here, we purposed to find out the effects of two different Rosmarinic acid (RA) doses against lung injury caused by ovarian ischemia-reperfusion. Materials and Methods: We planned the groups as sham, ovarian torsion detorsion (O/TD; 3hours torsion/3hours detorsion), RA 40 mg/kg (40 mg/kg RA+O/TD), and RA 80 mg/kg (80 mg/kg RA+O/TD) groups. Following the experimental procedure, we sacrificed the rats and then, collected the lung and ovarian tissues for biochemical evaluations. Result: Total oxidant status (TOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were elevated in the O/TD group compared to the sham group. These parameters declined due to low and high doses of RA administration. Total antioxidant status (TAS) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity diminished in the O/TD group while increasing in RA treatment groups. However, the high dose of RA treatment group enhanced the antioxidant activity further and reduced the oxidant parameters compared to the low dose RA treatment group. Conclusion: In this study, RA treatment reduced O/TD-induced ovarian and lung injuries in the experimental animals.

A comprehensive assessment of redox balance in small for gestational age newborns and their mothers.

The objective of this study was to assess oxidative stress in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns and their mothers by evaluating intra- and extracellular thiol homeostasis and the quantification of major oxidants and antioxidants. A total of 75 mothers and their 75 newborns (43 SGA) were enrolled in this study. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis, serum myeloperoxidase, catalase, total oxidant, and antioxidant status were analyzed. Additionally, erythrocytic glutathione (GSH) homeostasis was measured. Although native and total thiol levels were decreased, disulfide levels were increased in SGA groups. Additionally, myeloperoxidase activity and total oxidant status levels were significantly elevated whereas total antioxidant status levels and enzymatic antioxidant systems were diminished in SGA groups. Similarly, intra-erythrocytic GSH homeostasis was shifted in favor of oxidants in SGA groups. Our results demonstrate that insufficient antioxidant systems in mothers and a robust source of oxidative stress in SGA might contribute to the pathophysiology of SGA births.

Selenoprotein P, peroxiredoxin-5, renalase, and total antioxidant status in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selenoprotein P, peroxiredoxin-5, renalase, total antioxidant status (TAS), mean blood pressure (mBP), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).MethodsThe study group consisted of 112 patients hospitalized to verify the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The inclusion criteria were consent to participate in the study and age ≥ 18 years. Patients with active proliferative disease, severe systemic diseases, or mental diseases were excluded from the study. Each patient underwent full polysomnography and had blood pressure measured. Blood samples were collected and laboratory test was performed.ResultsAmong 112 patients enrolled, there was a statistically significant negative linear correlation between blood pressure values (sBP, dBP, mBP) and selenoprotein P, renalase, and TAS levels. Similarly, there was a negative linear correlation between AHI and selenoprotein P, renalase, and TAS levels, but none between AHI and peroxiredoxin-5. Based on the obtained regression models, higher selenoprotein P, peroxiredoxin-5, and renalase levels were independently associated with higher TAS. Lower mBP values were independently associated with the use of antihypertensive drugs, higher TAS, and younger age. Male gender, higher BMI, and higher mBP were independently associated with higher AHI.ConclusionsHigher concentrations of selenoprotein P, peroxiredoxin-5, and renalase were associated with higher TAS, which confirms their antioxidant properties. There was an indirect connection between tested antioxidants and blood pressure values.

Hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine on liver injury by irisin upregulation and oxidative stress reduction in diabetic rats

BackgroundThe current study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress in rat liver with diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on irisin expression.MethodsTwenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, 7 rats in each group, and 30-day regimens of experimental or control groups. NAC-treated group is as follows: 100 mg/kg once daily was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Diabetes-induced group is as follows: single-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) was used to induce DM in overnight fasting Wistar rats. By determining blood glucose concentration in STZ-induced rats 72 h after injection of STZ, DM was assessed. DM + NAC group is as follows: STZ-induced DM plus NAC is described previously. On the 30th day of the experiment, liver samples were collected after fasting and anesthesia. Biochemical analyses were performed to measure total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Each liver sample was weighed and then prepared for histopathologic evaluation by light microscopy.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in TAS levels and an increase in TOS and MDA levels in the DM group compared to the control group. In contrast, TOS and MDA levels were found significantly decreased, and TAS levels increased in the serum and liver tissues of the DM + NAC group compared to the DM group. Liver samples were also used for histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. STZ-induced liver damage was detected as oxidative stress, increased irisin immunoreactivity, sinusoidal dilatation, and hepatocyte degeneration. In the DM + NAC group, it was observed that NAC significantly reduced the aforementioned histopathological changes due to STZ.ConclusionIn the early period of diabetes, due to the antioxidant properties of irisin related to the sudden response of liver tissue to oxidative stress, it is thought that the immunoreactivity in the tissue increases in the early period. As a result, NAC in diabetic rat liver tissue was found to suppress oxidative damage and irisin immunoreactivity.