Stress Levels Research Articles

Bio-nanoparticles loaded with synovial-derived exosomes ameliorate osteoarthritis progression by modifying the oxidative microenvironment

Background and aimsOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder, marked by the progressive degeneration of joint cartilage, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone hyperplasia. The synovial tissue plays a pivotal role in cartilage regulation. Exosomes (EXOs), small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space, are crucial in mediating intercellular communication and facilitating the exchange of information between tissues. Our study aimed to devise a hydrogel microsphere infused with SOD3-enriched exosomes (S-EXOs) to protect cartilage and introduce a novel, effective approach for OA treatment.Materials and methodsWe analyzed single-cell sequencing data from 4247 cells obtained from the GEO database. Techniques such as PCR, Western Blot, immunofluorescence (IF), and assays to measure oxidative stress levels were employed to validate the cartilage-protective properties of the identified key protein, SOD3. In vivo, OA mice received intra-articular injections of S-EXOs bearing hydrogel microspheres, and the effectiveness was assessed using safranine O (S.O) staining and IF.ResultsSingle-cell sequencing data analysis suggested that the synovium influences cartilage via the exocrine release of SOD3. Our findings revealed that purified S-EXOs enhanced antioxidant capacity of chondrocytes, and maintained extracellular matrix metabolism stability. The S-EXO group showed a significant reduction in mitoROS and ROS levels by 164.2% (P < 0.0001) and 142.7% (P < 0.0001), respectively, compared to the IL-1β group. Furthermore, the S-EXO group exhibited increased COL II and ACAN levels, with increments of 2.1-fold (P < 0.0001) and 3.1-fold (P < 0.0001), respectively, over the IL-1β group. Additionally, the S-EXO group showed a decrease in MMP13 and ADAMTS5 protein expression by 42.3% (P < 0.0001) and 44.4% (P < 0.0001), respectively. It was found that S-EXO-containing hydrogel microspheres could effectively deliver SOD3 to cartilage and significantly mitigate OA progression. The OARSI score in the S-EXO microsphere group markedly decreased (P < 0.0001) compared to the OA group.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the S-EXOs secreted by synovial fibroblasts exert a protective effect on chondrocytes, and microspheres laden with S-EXOs offer a promising therapeutic alternative for OA treatment.

Bifidobacterium longum S3 alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by modulating intestinal acetic acid and stearic acid levels in mice.

Constipation is a major gastrointestinal (GI) symptom worldwide, with diverse causes of formation, and requires effective and safe therapeutic measures. In the present study, we used loperamide hydrochloride to establish a constipation model and assessed the effect of Bifidobacterium on constipation and its possible mechanism of relief. The results showed that B. longum S3 exerted a constipation-relieving effect primarily by improving the gut microbiota, enriching genera including Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-007, and decreasing the bacteria Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group. These changes may thereby increase acetic acid and stearic acid (C18:0) levels, which significantly increase the expression levels of ZO-1 and MUC-2, repair intestinal barrier damage and reduce inflammation (IL-6). Furthermore, it also inhibited oxidative stress levels (SOD and CAT), decreased the expression of water channel proteins (AQP4 and AQP8), significantly elevated the Gas, 5-HT, PGE2, and Ach levels, and reduced nNOS and VIP levels to improve the intestinal luminal transit time and fecal water content. Collectively, these changes resulted in the alleviation of constipation.

PECULIARITIES OF ADAPTATION AND COURSE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN SERVICEMEN DEPLOYED TO INTENSE COMBAT ZONES

In the context of war, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emerges as one of the most prevalent psychological conditions, particularly among military personnel deployed in combat zones. The primary triggers for PTSD in military personnel often include the loss of comrades or the necessity to use lethal weapons, resulting in significant consequences. For PTSD to manifest, individuals must undergo a traumatic experience that exceeds normal human stress levels and leads to distress. The aim of this study is to investigate the course of PTSD in military personnel who have been exposed to intense combat operations and to explore their maladaptive manifestations. The study comprised 38 patients diagnosed with PTSD (F43.1) according to the ICD-10, who received treatment at the Regional Mental Health Care Institution for the Protection of the Armed Forces. All patients provided informed consent to participate in the study. A structured clinical diagnostic interview known as CAPS-DX was applied in this study. Developed based on the DSM-IV, this interview assesses the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the duration of the disorder, and the degree of impairment of social functioning. The CAPS-DX scale provided insights into the presence of PTSD symptoms both currently and throughout the individual's life following psychotrauma. To diagnose psychosocial maladjustment and its characteristics, we employed the Psychosocial Maladjustment Scale by L. Herasymenko (2018). Clinical and anamnestic examinations revealed that 86% of servicemen had experienced multiple traumatic events, indicating a history of several psychotraumas. The study identified that the primary psychopathological manifestations of PTSD did not differ significantly from the traditional course of the disorder, but they were more intense and pronounced in this group of servicemen. The study has demonstrated that servicemen with combat experience and PTSD exhibited reduced levels of psychosocial adaptation. Their adaptive resources and capabilities, as well as their neuropsychological stability, were significantly diminished, along with a decrease in their communication abilities. Based on the overall level and quality of social and psychological adaptation, three levels of adaptation/maladaptation were distinguished among servicemen with combat-related PTSD: sufficient, partial, or maladaptation. It should be noted that the levels of adaptation were correlated with the severity of anxiety. Servicemen with sufficient adaptation typically exhibited low levels of anxiety, while those with partial adaptation showed an average level, and those with maladaptation displayed high levels of anxiety. The study revealed a spectrum of psychopathological manifestations in servicemen who were in the combat zone, ranging from semiotic complexes resembling panic attacks to psychogenic catalepsy. Furthermore, it was found that servicemen with combat experience and post-traumatic stress disorder had reduced levels of psychosocial adaptation, which correlated with the severity of anxiety.

Factors influencing menstrual regularity among female workers: a cross-sectional analysis study

BackgroundRegularity of menstrual cycles is an important indicator of women’s health and fertility, and female workers are exposed to several factors, such as sleep disorders, stress, and shift work, that affect their menstrual regularity. This makes it necessary to comprehensively identify the determinants of menstrual regularity. Therefore, this study identified the factors affecting menstrual regularity among female workers from physiological, psychological, and situational dimensions based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and utilized the data of 2418 female workers. Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, physiological factors included age, age at menarche, childbirth experience, body mass index, and sleep duration. Psychological factors included stress level, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation. Situational factors included education level, household income, consumption of alcohol, engagement in smoking, and work schedule. The χ²-test and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were performed, reflecting the complex sample design.ResultsAge at menarche, childbirth experience, and body mass index among physiological factors and education level and work schedule among situational factors were found to be related to menstrual regularity. A higher risk of menstrual irregularities was found among those who had given birth (versus those who had not), had a high age at menarche (versus those with a low age at menarche), were obese (versus those who had a normal body mass index), had elementary school-level or lesser educational achievements (versus those with college graduate-level or higher educational achievements), and who had a shift work schedule (versus those with a fixed schedule).ConclusionsIntervention is needed for female workers who have these risk factors, and special attention must be paid to female workers who have a shift work schedule. Additionally, since body mass index can be controlled, intervention concerning body mass index is necessary to reduce menstrual irregularity.

Older Adults with Higher Community Participation Impacted More by COVID-19

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a devastating range of negative impacts for older adults. Due to their increased vulnerability, older adults were advised to practice physical distancing, which impacted their community participation. This is a cross-sectional study using survey data to characterize the perspectives of older adults and the impact of COVID-19 on their lives, describe their participation in activities that were important to them during the pandemic, and examine the associations between community participation and COVID-19 impact. COVID-19 impact was reported using the Coronavirus Impact Scale. Community participation was examined using the Community Participation Indicators. Participants reported that COVID-19 most impacted their routines, including their work and social life. A multiple linear regression showed that community participation was a significant predictor of COVID-19 impact, but age was not. This suggests that higher levels of community participation influence increased levels of perceived negative COVID-19 impact, meaning those who participated most during the pandemic were vulnerable to feeling the negative impact of the pandemic’s interruptions. This adds to the understanding of the differential effects of community participation during a pandemic on elevated levels of stress of a global crisis. To combat those stressors, person directed supports may be beneficial for community-dwelling older adults who continue to feel the impacts of the pandemic.

Smartbands and Behavioural Interventions in the Classroom: Multimodal Learning Analytics Stress-Level Visualisations for Primary Education Teachers

ABSTRACT Students’ stress levels may affect their well-being, attentiveness and learning outcomes in primary education classrooms. Positive behavioural interventions and support actions conducted by teachers may alleviate students’ stress levels, especially when addressing special educational needs. In this multimodal learning analytics study, students in a classroom were all given a smartband for their wrist during regular curriculum activities. Data comprised the semester of a single subject as a part of a research project conducted in Sweden. Biobehavioural stress-related arousal of students’ autonomic nervous system was visualised and analysed through distinguished behavioural modes. Additional data include naturalistic observational notes and two short teacher interviews. Research methodology and strategies for innovative implementation were presented and discussed alongside contextual details. For example, stress-level visualisations can aid actionable adjustments of behavioural intervention intensity and provide students’ attentiveness overview for teachers that sequence curricular activities during planning. Findings show an interdisciplinary basis for cost-effective real-time dynamic solutions that involve visual dashboards with advantages to understanding student learning, both at a school-wide system level and for the classroom, if viewed optimistically. However, research on the topic is still in its infancy, notably with ethical risks as a growing pain.

Improved Memory and Lower Stress Levels in Male Mice Co-Housed with Ovariectomized Female Mice

Aggressiveness, expressed by fighting, is a frequent problem in group-housed laboratory male mice and results in increased stress, injury, and death. One way to prevent fighting is by pairing the male mice with ovariectomized female mice to provide a compatible companion. However, the effect of these housing conditions remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate behavior and stress levels in two different housing conditions, pair-housed with an ovariectomized female and group-housed with other males. Behavioral tests were performed to assess stress and anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, the corticosterone levels in plasma were measured by ELISA. Based on home cage behavior assessment, pair-housed male mice showed no signs of fighting, not even after isolation and regrouping. Our results also showed that the pair-housed males had a better memory and demonstrated less anxiety-like behavior. Subsequently, the pair-housed male mice had a larger reduction in corticosterone levels compared to group-housed males. Overall, pair-housing reduced anxiety-like behavior and stress levels in male mice compared to standard group-housing.

Exploring physiological stress response evoked by passive translational acceleration in healthy adults: a pilot study utilizing electrodermal activity and heart rate variability measurements.

Passive translational acceleration (PTA) has been demonstrated to induce the stress response and regulation of autonomic balance in healthy individuals. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements are reliable indicators of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and can be used to assess stress levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of combining EDA and HRV measurements in assessing the physiological stress response induced by PTA. Fourteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size. The experimental group underwent five trials of elevator rides, while the control group received a sham treatment. EDA and HRV indices were obtained via ultra-short-term analysis and compared between the two groups to track changes in the ANS. In addition, the complexity of the EDA time series was compared between the 4s before and the 2-6s after the onset of PTA to assess changes in the subjects' stress levels in the experimental group. The results revealed a significant increase in the skin conductance response (SCR) frequency and a decrease in the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV. In terms of stress assessment, the results showed an increase in the complexity of the EDA time series 2-6s after the onset of PTA. These results indicate an elevation in sympathetic tone when healthy subjects were exposed to a translational transport scenario. Furthermore, evidence was provided for the ability of EDA complexity to differentiate stress states in individual trials of translational acceleration.

Effect of Humic Acid and Ascorbic Acid on Seed Germination and Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Salinity Stress

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Humic Acid (HA) and Ascorbic Acid (AsA) on cucumber growth under different levels of soil salinity. The experiment was designed as a factorial, using a completely randomized design in the laboratory of Samangan University in Afghanistan. The levels of salinity stress were set at (0, 50, and 100mM sodium chloride) while AsA and HA were set at (0, 30, and 60mM and 0, 1 and 2. L-l) respectively. The results of the analysis showed that the effect of all factors were significant on all studied traits. The highest mean daily germination (19%), root length (56.22mm), shoot length (39,06mm), fresh shoot weight (183.7mg), and seed vigor index were obtained from the (0mM salinity+60mM AsA+ 2g.L-l HA) treatment. Also the most germination percentage (95%), fresh root (45.88mg) and dry root (13.76mg), observed in (50mM salinity+0mM AsA+ 2g.L-l HA) treatment. However, the combined amounts of (60mM AsA+ 2g.L-l HA) were more effective for reducing different levels of salinity and increasing the growth characteristics of cucumber. Also, 2g L-l HA and 60mM AsA alone, were more effective. Treatments without AsA and HA showed the lowest growth in most traits. These findings suggest that the application of HA and AsA can help to improve cucumber growth under salt stress conditions.

Peculiarities of the use of "outdoor activity" with persons of the second mature age in health fitness

The article examines the peculiarities of the use of "outdoor activity" means with persons of the second mature age in improving fitness. Materials and methods: The research was conducted on the basis of the "Freestyle" fitness club in Kyiv. A total of 45 people of different sexes (41 men, 4 women), aged from 36 to 60 years (second mature age) took part in the research (survey). Results: We analyzed video recordings of "outdoor activity" training sessions on the Internet and evaluated their effectiveness for people of the second mature age according to the following criteria: physical component of programs, social component of programs, natural conditions for classes, variability of programs, effectiveness of programs, safety of programs, availability of programs, psychological advantages of programs, financial aspect of programs. The most effective measures and fitness programs with "outdoor activity" that can be considered the most useful for those who engage in independent or group training sessions in the health direction in the second mature age among women and men and the prevalence of using "outdoor activity" programs were also determined in order of decreasing significance. Conclusions: based on the results of a comparative analysis of various "outdoor activity" programs, it was established that outdoor fitness classes improve mood, reduce stress levels and increase emotional well-being. In today's wellness fitness outdoor activity programs for adults can have varying popularity based on various factors, such as accessibility, effectiveness, advertising, social support, physical limitations of participants, and others. With the help of a questionnaire, it was determined what was the main motivation for the respondents (n = 45) to use "outdoor activity" (improvement of physical fitness and endurance - 53.3%, weight loss - 24.5%, relaxation and stress reduction - 17.7%, feeling of nature and fresh air - 2.5%), which are the most relevant obstacles and problems when using "outdoor activity" (no obstacles - 20%, weather conditions - 37.7%, lack of time - 42.3%, lack of motivation - 2, 2%).

Short term creep properties of WPC at different temperatures—An experimental and numerical investigation at different stress levels

AbstractUsing a two‐step molding process, wood plastic composite (WPC) were prepared under temperatures ranging from 160 to 180°C. Uniaxial compression tests of WPC were conducted at temperatures of −20°C, 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C, determining stress levels of 30%, 45%, and 60% based on the test results. Subsequently, 24‐hour compression creep tests were performed for WPC under 12 different conditions. The Findley power law model was employed to fit the experimental results, indicating that creep deformation increased with both stress level and environmental temperature. Notably, specimens at 0°C failed after sustaining a load for 13.6 hours at 60% stress, while those at 20°C failed after only 0.72 hours under the same conditions. Overall, the Findley model effectively predicted the creep behavior of WPC under all temperature conditions and stress levels.Highlights The influence of temperature variation on the strength of WPC. Short term creep of WPC under different stress levels. Creep of WPC at different temperatures. Prediction of creep performance under different operating conditions.

Salivary analysis to unveil the paradigma of stress of domestic horses reared in the wild

Horse welfare is the product of multiple factors, including behavioral and physiological adjustments to cope with stressful situation regarding environment and housing condition. Collectively, it is supposed that a horse kept in the wild has a lower level of stress than other housing system, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the level of stress in domestic horses reared in the wild and then moved to human controlled housing, through saliva analysis. Twelve clinically healthy Catria (Italian local breed) mares, usually reared in the wild, were moved into collective paddocks for a folkloric event. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the change of housing condition to evaluate stress biomarkers including salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChol). The mares were also scored using the Welfare Aggregation and Guidance (WAG) Tool to highlight the presence of abnormal behaviors. Despite the absence of differences in behavioral scores between wild and paddocks, salivary cortisol and BChol were found to be higher in the wild and lower when mares were moved to paddocks. The highest concentrations in stress biomarkers like salivary cortisol and BChol in the wild was unexpected, but the need for managing hierarchical relationships, and the exposure to feral animals, predators, and weather changes, might explain these findings. The overall results of the present study may provide further knowledge toward stress response in domesticated horses living in the wild moved to human controlled housing system.

Exploring the Multi-Sensory Coupling Relationship of Open Space on a Winter Campus

Exploring the combined effects of multisensory interactions in open spaces can help improve the comfort of campus environments. Nine typical spaces on a university campus in Fuzhou were selected for this study. Subjects perceived the environment and then completed an on-site subjective questionnaire. At the same time, meteorological data (global radiation, air temperature, globe temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and illumination intensity) were measured to determine the interactions between visual and acoustic and thermal perceptions. Differences in the meteorological parameters between the measuring points were described using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test, and a chi-square test of independence was used to determine significant associations between thermal, acoustic, and visual comfort, which in turn led to the study of interactions between visual, acoustic, and thermal comfort using a two-way ANOVA. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) the Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV) increased with the increasing Acoustic Comfort Vote (ACV) at all levels of thermal stress. (2) The highest and lowest Acoustic Sensation Vote (ASV) values for each sound type were derived from either “slightly cold” or “warm” conditions. Both the Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV) and the Acoustic Comfort Vote (ACV) were positively correlated. (3) When “neutral”, the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) increased with increasing illumination intensity (LUX). (4) The Sunlight Sensation Vote (SSV) increased with the increasing Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) when illumination intensity (LUX) was moderate and bright. (5) The highest and lowest Acoustic Sensation Vote (ASV) values for each sound type came from either “slightly cold” or “warm” conditions.

Promoting Teachers’ Wellbeing Using a Compassionate Mind Training Intervention: Exploring Mechanisms of Change

Abstract Objectives The current study aimed to examine the mechanisms of change of a compassionate mind training intervention for teachers (CMT-T). In particular, we examined whether changes in the three flows of compassion, fears of compassion, and emotions at work (safe, drive, and threat) mediated the effects of the CMT-T in burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress, and in overall positive affect. Methods As part of a two-arm randomized controlled trial and a stepped-wedge design, the study included all participants who completed the 8-week CMT-T intervention either at Time 1 or at Time 2 (n = 103). At pre- and post-intervention, participants completed measures of compassion, fears of compassion, emotional climate in the workplace, burnout, psychopathological symptoms, and positive affect. Results Mediation analyses revealed that increases in the flows of compassion and reductions in fears of compassion from others mediated the effects of CMT-T on teachers' depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout levels. In the case of the reduction in stress symptoms from pre- to post-intervention, compassion for self, fears of self-compassion, and fears of receiving compassion from others emerged as significant mediators of this change. The three flows of compassion and fears of compassion (for self and from others) were significant mediators of the impact of CMT-T on changes in teachers’ anxiety levels from baseline to post-intervention. A decrease in fears of compassion from others and an increase in drive emotions mediated changes in depressive symptoms following CMT-T. Concerning burnout, all flows of compassion and fear of compassion from others mediated the changes from baseline to post-intervention. Changes in positive affect following CMT-T were mediated by increases in the flows of compassion, and emotions related to soothing-safeness and drive systems in the workplace. Serial mediational models showed that the effect of CMT-T on teachers’ burnout was partially mediated by reductions in fears of compassion (for self and from others) and stress. Conclusions CMT-T effectively improves teachers’ wellbeing and reduces burnout and psychological distress through the cultivation of their ability to experience, direct, and be open to compassion, and the strengthening of the soothing-safeness and the drive systems in the school context. Preregistration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: identifier, NCT05107323; Compassionate Schools: Feasibility and Effectiveness Study of a Compassionate Mind Training Program to Promote Teachers Wellbeing.

Impact of the Double-Reduction Policy on Middle School Students Study

This study explores the impact of the Double-Reduction Policy on middle school students' study habits, academic performance, and overall wellbeing. The policy aims to reduce academic stress by decreasing homework load and classroom hours. Through this research, we examine the diverse effects that this policy has on students' perceptions and experiences. The majority of students see the policy favourably; they report lower levels of stress, better sleep habits, and more free time for extracurricular activities. However, concerns about a perceived lack of readiness for future academic activities as well as a decreased academic challenge and falling enthusiasm are voiced, especially among high achievers. With an emphasis on the function of observational learning, self-efficacy beliefs, modeling actions, and the dynamic interaction of personal and environmental elements, social cognitive theory provides a theoretical framework to comprehend the observed behaviors and results. This research highlights the necessity for balanced policies that promote well-being while retaining academic rigor as well as the need of taking into account individual variances in students' reactions to policy changes. These findings hold significant implications for teachers and policymakers. It highlights the need of educational policy that takes into account the varied life experiences of students in order to improve their health and success in school. More study is required to figure out how these policies will play out in the long run and what elements will have the most impact on individual outlooks and experiences.

Types of COVID-19 Disaster Work and Psychological Responses in National Guard Service Members.

The National Guard (NG) served as a critical component of the U.S. response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Understanding the impact of types of pandemic-related disaster work on mental health responses can aid in sustaining NG service members' health and preparation for subsequent activations and future pandemics. We surveyed 1,363 NG unit (NGU) service members (88% Army; 80% enlisted; 32% 30 to 39 years old; 84% male) following activation in response to the pandemic. Surveys were administered between August and December 2020, which was approximately 2 to 3 months post-activation. Surveys assessed overall activation stress, participation in different types of disaster work, probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression, and anger. A disaster work stress scale assessed different types of disaster work during activation and associated stress levels. For each individual, we calculated an overall work task stress (WTS) scaled score, with a maximum score of 100. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of high-stress disaster work tasks to post-activation PTSD, anxiety and depression, and anger, adjusting for socio-demographic and service-related variables. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Uniformed Services University (USU) in Bethesda, MD. Among NGU service members, 12.7% (n = 172) described their activation as very/extremely stressful. The work tasks with the highest scaled scores were as follows: (1) Patient transportation (WTS scaled score = 100); (2) working with the dead (WTS = 82.2); and (3) working with families of coronavirus disease 2019 patients (WTS = 72.7). For each individual's work tasks, we identified the work task associated with the highest WTS score. The top one-third of WTS scores were classified as the high-stress group. Approximately 9% of participants (n = 111) had probable PTSD, 6.7% (n = 85) had clinically significant anxiety and depression, and 12.3% (n = 156) had high anger. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for covariates, found that NGU service members exposed to the highest level of disaster WTS were more likely to report PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.94], χ2 = 7.98), anxiety and depression (OR = 1.91 [95% CI = 1.17-3.13]; χ2 = 6.67), and anger (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.13-2.37]; χ2 = 6.66) post-activation. Identifying work tasks associated with high levels of stress can help detect individuals at risk for adverse mental health responses post-exposure. Distinguishing features of high-stress work conditions can be generalized to other types of work conditions and disaster response and are important targets for planning and preventive efforts.

Possible Effects of Parents with Avoidant Attachment on Parent-Child Relationships

Many scientists who experience avoidant attachment in their studies of avoidant attachment focus on the child, and few articles go into the fact that this can lead to problems in the parent-child relationship, so the goal is the parent-child relationship, which is divided into the child's and parent's perspectives. By studying the experimental questionnaire administered by W. Steven Rholes to parents with avoidant attachment prenatally and postnatally, respectively, the results showed that they had low satisfaction with parenting and high levels of stress. It was also found through a study of the incidence of psychological disorders in offspring that the harm suffered by mothers at an early age can lead to avoidant attachment and severely affect their offspring, even to the point of developing anxiety disorders in adolescence.

Fluid dynamics and leukocyte transit in the lymphatic system

Abstract The lymphatic system plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance in living tissue and serves as a pathway for the transport of antigen, immune cells and metastatic cancer cells. Here, we investigate how the movement of cells through a contracting lymphatic vessel differs from steady flow using a lattice Boltzmann-based computational model. Our model consists of cells carried by flow in a 2D vessel with regularly spaced, bi-leaflet valves that ensure net downstream flow as the vessel walls contract autonomously in response to calcium and nitric oxide levels regulated by stretch and shear stress levels. The orientation of the vessel with respect to gravity, which may oppose or assist fluid flow, significantly modulates cellular motion due to its effect on the contraction dynamics of the vessel, even when the cells themselves are neutrally buoyant. Additionally, our model shows that cells are carried along with the flow, but when the vessel is actively contracting, they move faster than the average fluid velocity. We also find that the fluid forces cause significant deformation of the compliant cells, especially in the vicinity of the valves. Our study highlights the importance of considering the complex, transient flows near the valves in understanding cellular motion in lymphatic vessels.

Does Gender Matter? The Difference of Stress in Adolescents

Adolescence, as a turning point in the human life, denotes the process of maturation and reaching adulthood. Based on the empirical findings presented above, the objective of this study is to investigate whether gender serves as a determinant in these pressures and their associations. Two questionnaires are used in the work, one is the ASQ (Adolescent Stress Questionnaire) and one is the DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). The data used in study were obtained from a sample of more than 120 students in 10 classrooms (3 schools), aged between 12 and 18 years. The data obtained through investigation and research shows that adolescent stress levels are not significantly reflected in gender differences, and there is a significant correlation between ASQ and DASS. The effects of the relationship between the gender difference are still unclear, and so further research must be conducted.

The Impact of COVID-19 Fatigue and Pandemic Burnout alongside Academic Stress on the Gingival Health of Dental Students

Abstract Objectives Stress has delirious effects on gingival health. Dental students experience higher levels of academic stress during their education that requires clinical and patient management skills. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatigue is a type of chronic stress that has put the population under high stress for an extended period of time. This study aimed to assess the impact of pandemic burnout and fatigue on the gingival health of academically stressed dental students. Materials and Methods This study compared junior (n = 20) and senior (n = 20) year dental students undergoing their final year exams. Gingival health was assessed by plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and modified papillary bleeding index (MPBI). Academic stress was measured by the dental environmental stress questionnaire, while COVID-19 burnout was judged by COVID-19 student stress questionnaire (CSSQ). Statistical Analysis Quantitative data were expressed as mean, standard deviation and median Student's t-test was used to compare two categories for normally distributed quantitative variables, while significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level. Results Gingival health evaluation revealed no significant differences in GI and PI; however, MPBI in juniors was more significant (p = &lt; 0.001). Academic stress was significantly higher among seniors (p = 0.001); nevertheless, CSSQ showed low levels of stress toward the pandemic with no significant differences. Conclusion Gingival diseases are multifactorial in nature; stress is a biologically influencing factor as well. Despite the evidence of high academic stresses among dental students, the impact of COVID-19 fatigue on gingival health was inconclusive and slight differences were found between junior and senior-year dental students.