Stress Levels Research Articles

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE VESSEL USING DIFFERENT MATERIALS

This project explores the field of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in relation to pressure vessels that have different head configurations, while ensuring that the cylindrical volume and thickness remain uniform. The project adheres to ASME standards, specifically Section VIII, Division I, and focuses on designing a pressure vessel that can withstand a pressure of 8 bar within a volume of 24 liters. The main objective of using FEA is to identify areas of stress concentration in each head design. In industrial settings, pressure vessels play a crucial role in containing fluids or gases under varying pressures. The choice of head configuration significantly impacts the distribution of stress and the overall structural strength. This project specifically utilizes ANSYS software for static and thermal analyses to compare stress distribution in pressure vessels with flat heads, elliptical heads, and other common head designs. The goal is to identify configurations that exhibit lower stress levels, with a particular emphasis on practical scenarios that favor elliptical heads. Additionally, the project explores finite element modeling techniques to evaluate pressure vessels made from different materials such as Nimonic 80A and SA516 Gr70 under high-stress conditions

Decoding the impact of night/day shiftwork on well-being among healthcare workers

This study delved into the complex effects of work schedules on the well-being of healthcare professionals, spotlighting Nigeria’s medical landscape. A diverse cohort of 387 participants, spanning doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and laboratory technicians or scientists, formed the research base, with the majority being women (67.7%), with a mean age of 34.67 years. Professionals self-reported their predominant schedules to gauge work patterns, classifying them as day or night shifts. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) tool assessed the quality of life across the physical, psychological, social relationship, and environmental domains. Psychological distress was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS), and perceived social support was evaluated via the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). A cross-sectional design was adopted, and the study employed moderated mediation analysis using SmartPLS 4.0. The results underscored the significant ramifications of night shifts on environmental and physical well-being. Psychological health and social relationships were better among day shift than night shift workers. There was a pronounced correlation between night shifts and heightened levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. The mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating influence of social support in these relationships were evident. This study offers invaluable insights into the role of work schedules in shaping the well-being of healthcare professionals, emphasising the protective role of social support and the unique challenges faced by migrant health workers.

Combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and benzo[a]pyrene in rat: Study of the oxidative stress effects in the liver

Microplastics (MPs) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are prevalent environmental pollutants. Numerous studies have extensively reported their individual adverse effects on organisms. However, the combined effects and mechanisms of exposure in mammals remain unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the potential effects of oral administration of 0.5μm polystyrene (PS) MPs (1 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL), B[a]P (1 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL) and combined (1 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL) on 64 male SD rats by gavage method over 6-weeks. The results demonstrate that the liver histopathological examination showed that the liver lobules in the combined (5 mg/kg) group had blurred and loose boundaries, liver cord morphological disorders, and significant steatosis. The levels of AST, ALT, TC, and TG in the combined dose groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups, the combined (5 mg/kg) group had the lowest levels of antioxidant enzymes and the highest levels of oxidants. The expression of Nrf2 was lowest and the expression of P38, NF-κB, and TNF-α was highest in the combined (5 mg/kg) group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the combination of PSMPs and B[a]P can cause the highest levels of oxidative stress and elicit markedly enhanced toxic effects, which cause severe liver damage.

A multigenerational study can detect the evolutionary response to BaP exposure in the non-biting freshwater midge Chironomus riparius

The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment is posing a threat to ecosystems and human health. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is considered a biomarker of PAH exposure and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. However, it was not known whether BaP is mutagenic, i.e. induces inherited germline mutations. In this study, we used a recently established method, which combines short-term mutation accumulation lines (MAL) with whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess mutagenicity in the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. The mutagenicity analysis was supplemented by an evaluation of the development of population fitness in three successive generations in the case of chronic exposure to BaP at a high concentration (100 μg/L). In addition, the level of ROS-induced oxidative stress was examined in vivo. Exposure to the higher BaP concentration led to an increase in germline mutations relative to the control, while the lower concentration showed no mentionable effect. Against expectations, BaP exposure decreased ROS-level compared to the control and is thus probably not responsible for the increased mutation rate. Likewise, the higher BaP concentration decreased fitness measured as population growth rate per day (PGR) significantly over all generations, without signs of rapid evolutionary adaptations. Our results thus highlighted that high BaP exposure may influence the evolutionary trajectory of organisms.

The Psychological Impact on Romanian Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy.

It is well-known that the uncertainty about the COVID-19 pandemic has an indirect negative impact on pregnant women's mental health, given the fact that pregnant women are more vulnerable emotionally and psychologically than non-pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal psychological impact on Romanian women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and their concerns and to determine which are the best measures to prevent negative outcomes. A 40-item questionnaire was created for data collection and was shared on social platforms (Facebook and Instagram) and also with obstetric communities between February 2021 and January 2023. Our cross-sectional survey recruited 317 Romanian pregnant women who suffered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among general questions about their life and pregnancy during the pandemic, the survey included questions about their SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, their concerns and how they perceived this period in order to evaluate their emotional status. Of 317 women recruited, 91% of them had a mild to moderate form of COVID-19, and 2% had serious symptoms. Only 9% of women were hospitalized, 4% of women considered that the SARS-CoV-2 infection affected their physical condition to a great extent, and 8% considered to be affected in terms of mental state to a great extent. The main negative feelings of pregnant women during the COVID-19 disease were the fear regarding the possibility of affecting the pregnancy and the concern for their life (51.4%). These increase the risk of developing anxiety or depression. Pregnant women who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection faced negative feelings, especially those with a severe form of the disease or who recovered with difficulty after the disease. Patients who required hospitalization reported an impairment of the mental state to a great extent and to a very great extent with a frequency of approximately two times and four times higher than non-hospitalized patients, respectively (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Also, giving birth during SARS-CoV-2 and the difficulty of accessing medical services represented a high level of stress. Also, 47% of patients who reported difficulty accessing medical services during the illness evaluated their mental state significantly less favorably. Preventive measures are essential to minimizing the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy among pregnant women. The medical treatment of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy should be prioritized, but emotional and mental health support must also be provided.

A Scoping Review of Mental Health Needs and Challenges among Medical Students within South African Universities

A Scoping Review of Mental Health Needs and Challenges among Medical Students within South African Universities

Early pyridoxine administration rescues autism-like behavior in the BTBR T+tf/J autistic model

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairment and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. An imbalanced oxidative stress status and neuroinflammation are involved in ASD development. In this study, we investigated the effects of pyridoxine, a form of vitamin B6 with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory features, on autism-like behavior in BTBR T + ltpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a model of autism. Mice received pyridoxine from postnatal days 7 to 14. Behavioral tests were conducted on 8-week-old male mice, and the inflammatory status and oxidative stress levels were also assessed in the mouse hippocampus. Postnatal pyridoxine treatment significantly improved social deficits, stereotyped behaviors, and cognitive deficits in BTBR mice. In addition, pyridoxine treatment alleviated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus manifested by reduced Iba1+ microglia and inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Further, pyridoxine-treated BTBR mice had elevated Nrf2 and HO-1 in the hippocampus. Postnatal pyridoxine administration might improve autistic-like behaviors in BTBR mice via attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.

Effect of Clemizole on Alpha-Synuclein-Preformed Fibrils-Induced Parkinson's Disease Pathology: A Pharmacological Investigation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress. However, to date, therapeutics targeting these pathological events have not managed to translate from bench to bedside for clinical use. One of the major reasons for the lack of translational success has been the use of classical model systems that do not replicate the disease pathology and progression with the same degree of robustness. Therefore, we employed a more physiologically relevant model involving alpha-synuclein-preformed fibrils (PFF) exposure to SH-SY5Y cells and Sprague Dawley rats. We further explored the possible involvement of transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels in PD-like pathology induced by these alpha-synuclein-preformed fibrils with emphasis on amelioration of oxidative stress and mitochondrial health. We observed that alpha-synuclein PFF exposure produced neurobehavioural deficits that were positively ameliorated after treatment with the TRPC5 inhibitor clemizole. Furthermore, Clemizole also reduced p-alpha-synuclein and diminished oxidative stress levels which resulted in overall improvements in mitochondrial biogenesis and functions. Finally, the results of the pharmacological modulation were further validated using siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRPC5 channels, which also decreased p-alpha-synuclein expression. Together, the results of this study could be superimposed in the future for exploring the beneficial effects of TRPC5 channel modulation for other neurodegenerative disorders and synucleopathies.

Oxidative stress in patients with coronavirus disease and end-stage renal disease: a pilot study

BackgroundOxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant capacity, increases in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or renal impairment. We investigated whether combined COVID-19 and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) would increase oxidative stress levels compared to each disease alone.MethodsOxidative stress was compared among three groups. Two groups comprised patients with COVID-19 referred to the hospital with or without renal impairment (COVID-ESRD group [n = 18]; COVID group [n = 17]). The third group (ESRD group [n = 18]) comprised patients without COVID-19 on maintenance hemodialysis at a hospital.ResultsThe total oxidative stress in the COVID-ESRD group was lower than in the COVID group (p = 0.047). The total antioxidant status was higher in the COVID-ESRD group than in the ESRD (p < 0.001) and COVID (p < 0.001) groups after controlling for covariates. The oxidative stress index was lower in the COVID-ESRD group than in the ESRD (p = 0.001) and COVID (p < 0.001) groups. However, the three oxidative parameters did not differ significantly between the COVID and COVID-ESRD groups.ConclusionsThe role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 among patients withESRD appears to be non-critical. Therefore, the provision of supplemental antioxidants may not confer a therapeutic advantage, particularly in cases of mild COVID-19 in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis. Nonetheless, this area merits further research.

ECG and EEG based machine learning models for the classification of mental workload and stress levels for women in different menstrual phases, men, and mixed sexes

ECG and EEG based machine learning models for the classification of mental workload and stress levels for women in different menstrual phases, men, and mixed sexes

A cross-sectional mental-health survey of Chinese postgraduate students majoring in stomatology post COVID-19 restrictions.

The psychological status of Chinese postgraduate students majoring in stomatology after the COVID-19 restrictions still remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mental status through a cross-sectional survey and gather related theoretical evidence for psychological intervention on postgraduate students majoring in stomatology. An online survey was administered, and subjective well-being, anxiety, stress and depression symptoms were assessed using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively, wherein suicidal ideation and sleep-related problems were measured with PHQ-9 and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A total of 208 participants who completed one questionnaire were considered as valid. It was found that female respondents generally exhibited significantly higher levels of PSS-10, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores and shorter physical activity hours than male students. Students from rural areas demonstrated significantly higher levels of PHQ-9, suicidal ideation, and less portion of good or fair family economic support. Additionally, individuals from only-child families reported increased levels of activity hours (1.78 ± 2.07, p = 0.045) and a higher portion (55.10%, p = 0.007) of having clear future plan as compared with multiple-child families. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score) were higher scores of PSS-10 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.22), PHQ-9 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.22-1.49), and ISI-7 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06-1.23), while owning a clear graduation plan was the protective factor (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31-0.98). Moreover, the risk factors for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) included PSS-10 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.16), GAD-7 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.25-1.52), suicidal ideation (OR = 5.66, 95% CI = 3.37-9.51), and ISI-7 (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.09-1.25). Approximately 98.08% of Chinese postgraduates studying stomatology reported experiencing at least moderate stress after the COVID-19 restrictions. Within the limitations of this study, senior students were more inclined to stress, while anxiety symptoms were related to severer levels of stress, depression, and insomnia. Depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of stress, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and lower levels of self-reported well-being. Thus, psychological interventions for postgraduates should be timely and appropriately implemented by strengthening well-being, reasonably planning for the future, and good physique, thereby mitigating the psychological issues after COVID-19 restrictions.

Tobacco Use and Perceived Stress Among Male College Students in Bangalore, India

BACKGROUND: More than 250 million individuals use tobacco in some form on a daily basis in India and adolescents make up a significant proportion of that number. The period of adolescence is critical in the initiation of smoking or tobacco use as well as its progression from experimentation to dependency. In this study, the role of psychological stress was explored with respect to cigarette consumption and level of addiction or dependence. METHODS: A total of 183 male college students (mean age= 19.8 years) from Bangalore, India completed the questionnaire booklet which included a Cigarette use screening form, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Autonomy over Smoking Scale. Of the 183 participants, there were 85 (46.2%) current smokers and 98 (53.7%) nonsmokers, and their scores on the perceived stress scale were compared using analysis of variance and independent samples _t_ tests. The relationship between levels of stress and dependence on tobacco (loss of autonomy) was also explored using Pearson’s product moment correlation (_r_). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between current smokers and nonsmokers on perceived stress (_t_[181] = -1.26, _p_ &gt;0.05), The same result was extended when the group of nonsmokers was divided into three (Never smokers, experimental smokers and former regular smokers) and the differences in scores were tested again between all four groups (_F_[3, 179]=.642, _p_ &gt;0.05). There was, however, a significant positive correlation between level of dependence on tobacco and perceived stress (_r_=.743, _p_ &lt;0.01). CONCLUSION: The study found that there was no difference in perceived stress levels between smokers and nonsmokers, although there was a positive relationship between the level of perceived stress and level of tobacco dependence (loss of autonomy) among the current smokers.

A psychological insight of Moroccan adults' immunisation behaviour towards emergency vaccines.

The psychology of vaccination behaviour explains how thoughts and feelings influence people's willingness to receive vaccines. Understanding vaccination behaviour is crucial to successfully managing vaccination campaigns. Investigating factors associated with immunisation stress among students at Mohammed First University. This study was conducted on students at Mohammed First University institutions. This study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 305 students at Mohammed First University institutions using a 90-item questionnaire. Three hundred and five participants have been included in this survey. Overall, 65.5% of the students in our sample had a positive perception towards COVID-19 vaccines. Nevertheless, 34.5% had a negative opinion regarding immunisation. According to the analysis of perceived stress scale, 40% (n = 122) of students expressed moderate to high stress regarding vaccination. Students with a negative perception of vaccine showed a higher level of stress than those with a positive one. Stressed students tended to be older than others, coming from other institutions, other than the medical faculty, and were renting alone. Vaccine accessibility was the less significant reason associated with stress regarding vaccination. Moreover, participants with high levels of confidence in social media, exhibited higher stress. Nevertheless, those who believed in scientific journals were significantly less stressed. These results reflect a positive perception and acceptance of vaccines, with a considerable level of stress regarding vaccination.Contribution: This study suggests emphasising the mental health of Moroccan young adults, to better sensitise and inform them about immunisation.

Seed coating with minerals and plant growth-promoting bacteria enhances drought tolerance in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.)

The seeds of many plants, including fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.), are tiny and have low food reserves. Therefore, planting them accurately in the soil to achieve optimal yields is challenging. The present research aimed to study the impact of bio-priming and seed coating on seedling and vegetative growth of fennel plants under drought stress. The experiments were conducted in laboratory and greenhouse conditions triplicate using a completely randomized design (CRD). These experiments applied mineral and biological coating treatments as the first factor and drought tolerance at three levels (0, −0.3, and −0.6 MPa) as the second factor. Perlite (P), Vermiculite (V), and Kaolin (K) were used as a mineral coating. The mineral coating mixture was P10V10K5. The numbers mean the material (gr) ratio based on the seed weight. Combinational treatments of seed coating were CHA0 + coating, PF56 + coating, T39 + coating, T36 + coating, and non-coating (as control). Pseudomonas fluorescens P.F56, P. fluorescens CHA0, and Trichoderma harzianum T36 and T. harzianum T39 were employed as biological treatments. Experimental results showed that at 0 and -0.3 MPa osmotic potential levels, the T39 + coated seeds had the highest percentage of seedling emergences. At the −0.3 MPa level, the T39 + coated seeds had an increased seedling emergence percentage by 24% compared to un-inoculated seeds. At all levels of drought stress, the CHA0 + coated treatment had the highest level of chlorophyll a content, CAT, and APX enzyme activity. Seed coating with CHA0 and T39 enhanced fennel's early vegetative growth and biochemical characteristics under normal and drought stress and mitigated drought stress.

Investigation Into The Stress-Coping Levels of Parents of Children with Autism Who Receive Physical Education

The aim of the study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics, stress and coping with stress levels of families with children with autism who receive services from autism sports club associations depending on various factors. A total of 134 people, 97 women (49,65±6,15) and 37 men (49,40±6,28) participated in the study. Personal Information Form (PIS), Stress Coping Styles Scale (SCSS) and Parent Stress Scale (PSS) were used as data collection tools. SPSS 22 package program was used to analyze the data obtained. Percentage and frequency values were used to analyze demographic characteristics. The t-test was used for the gender variable of the SPSAS, One-Way Anova test was used for all other variables and Post Hoc Tukey test was used to determine the source of the difference. As a result of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the sub-dimensions of the SBSAS according to the variables of gender, educational status and gender of the child with autism (p&amp;gt;0.05); when analyzed according to the age variable, a significant difference was found between the groups aged 25-35 years (2.66±0.58) and 45 years and over (2.30±0.71) in the helpless approach sub-dimension (p&amp;lt;0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in families with male children (50.29±5.66) in the comparison of the PBSS according to gender variable (p&amp;lt;0.05). According to the results of the study, it was found that parents felt more helpless as they got older and parents with male children with autism experienced more stress than parents with female children with autism.

Metabolic Status Influences Probiotic Efficacy for Depression-PRO-DEMET Randomized Clinical Trial Results.

Probiotics may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option for depression or its metabolic comorbidities. However, it is not known whether metabolic features can influence the efficacy of probiotics treatments for depression. This trial involved a parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. In total, 116 participants with depression received a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 or placebo over 60 days. The psychometric data were assessed longitudinally at five time-points. Data for blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, complete blood count, serum levels of C-reactive protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were measured at the beginning of the intervention period. There was no advantage of probiotics usage over placebo in the depression score overall (PRO vs. PLC: F(1.92) = 0.58; p = 0.45). However, we found a higher rate of minimum clinically important differences in patients supplemented with probiotics than those allocated to placebo generally (74.5 vs. 53.5%; X2(1,n = 94) = 4.53; p = 0.03; NNT = 4.03), as well as in the antidepressant-treated subgroup. Moreover, we found that the more advanced the pre-intervention metabolic abnormalities (such as overweight, excessive central adipose tissue, and liver steatosis), the lower the improvements in psychometric scores. A higher baseline stress level was correlated with better improvements. The current probiotic formulations may only be used as complementary treatments for depressive disorders. Metabolic abnormalities may require more complex treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04756544.

Assessment of Surgeons' Stress Levels with Digital Sensors during Robot-Assisted Surgery: An Experimental Study.

Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RAMIS) marks a paradigm shift in surgical procedures, enhancing precision and ergonomics. Concurrently it introduces complex stress dynamics and ergonomic challenges regarding the human-robot interface and interaction. This study explores the stress-related aspects of RAMIS, using the da Vinci XI Surgical System and the Sea Spikes model as a standard skill training phantom to establish a link between technological advancement and human factors in RAMIS environments. By employing different physiological and kinematic sensors for heart rate variability, hand movement tracking, and posture analysis, this research aims to develop a framework for quantifying the stress and ergonomic loads applied to surgeons. Preliminary findings reveal significant correlations between stress levels and several of the skill-related metrics measured by external sensors or the SURG-TLX questionnaire. Furthermore, early analysis of this preliminary dataset suggests the potential benefits of applying machine learning for surgeon skill classification and stress analysis. This paper presents the initial findings, identified correlations, and the lessons learned from the clinical setup, aiming to lay down the cornerstones for wider studies in the fields of clinical situation awareness and attention computing.

Assessment of Stress and Well-Being of Japanese Employees Using Wearable Devices for Sleep Monitoring Combined With Ecological Momentary Assessment: Pilot Observational Study.

Poor sleep quality can elevate stress levels and diminish overall well-being. Japanese individuals often experience sleep deprivation, and workers have high levels of stress. Nevertheless, research examining the connection between objective sleep assessments and stress levels, as well as overall well-being, among Japanese workers is lacking. This study aims to investigate the correlation between physiological data, including sleep duration and heart rate variability (HRV), objectively measured through wearable devices, and 3 states (sleepiness, mood, and energy) assessed through ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and use of rating scales for stress and well-being. A total of 40 office workers (female, 20/40, 50%; mean age 40.4 years, SD 11.8 years) participated in the study. Participants were asked to wear a wearable wristband device for 8 consecutive weeks. EMA regarding sleepiness, mood, and energy levels was conducted via email messages sent by participants 4 times daily, with each session spaced 3 hours apart. This assessment occurred on 8 designated days within the 8-week timeframe. Participants' stress levels and perception of well-being were assessed using respective self-rating questionnaires. Subsequently, participants were categorized into quartiles based on their stress and well-being scores, and the sleep patterns and HRV indices recorded by the Fitbit Inspire 2 were compared among these groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences between the quartiles, with adjustments made for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, EMA results and the sleep and HRV indices were subjected to multilevel analysis for a comprehensive evaluation. The EMA achieved a total response rate of 87.3%, while the Fitbit Inspire 2 wear rate reached 88.0%. When participants were grouped based on quartiles of well-being and stress-related scores, significant differences emerged. Specifically, individuals in the lowest stress quartile or highest subjective satisfaction quartile retired to bed earlier (P<.001 and P=.01, respectively), whereas those in the highest stress quartile exhibited greater variation in the midpoint of sleep (P<.001). A multilevel analysis unveiled notable relationships: intraindividual variability analysis indicated that higher energy levels were associated with lower deviation of heart rate during sleep on the preceding day (β=-.12, P<.001), and decreased sleepiness was observed on days following longer sleep durations (β=-.10, P<.001). Furthermore, interindividual variability analysis revealed that individuals with earlier midpoints of sleep tended to exhibit higher energy levels (β=-.26, P=.04). Increased sleep variabilities, characterized by unstable bedtime or midpoint of sleep, were correlated with elevated stress levels and diminished well-being. Conversely, improved sleep indices (eg, lower heart rate during sleep and earlier average bedtime) were associated with heightened daytime energy levels. Further research with a larger sample size using these methodologies, particularly focusing on specific phenomena such as social jet lag, has the potential to yield valuable insights. UMIN-CTR UMIN000046858; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053392.

Influence of physical exercise on negative emotions in college students: chain mediating role of sleep quality and self-rated health.

Negative emotions in college students are a significant factor affecting mental health, with suicide behaviors caused by negative emotions showing an annual increasing trend. Existing studies suggest that physical exercise is essential to alleviate negative feelings, yet the intrinsic mechanisms by which it affects negative emotions have not been fully revealed. Negative emotions in college students represent a significant issue affecting mental health. This study investigates the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions among college students, incorporating sleep quality and self-rated health (SRH) as mediators to analyze the pathway mechanism of how physical exercise affects students' negative emotions. A cross-sectional study design was utilized, employing online questionnaires for investigation. The scales included the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), resulting in the collection of 30,475 valid questionnaires, with a validity rate of 91%. Chain mediation tests and Bootstrap methods were applied for effect analysis. The proportions of university students engaged in low, medium, and high levels of physical exercise were 77.6, 13.1, and 9.3%, respectively. The proportions of students experiencing "very severe" levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were 4.5, 10.9, and 3.6%, respectively. Physical exercise was significantly positively correlated with self-rated health (r = 0.194, p < 0.01), significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.035, p < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression (r = -0.03, p < 0.01; r = -0.058, p < 0.01; r = -0.055, p < 0.01). Sleep quality was significantly negatively correlated with self-rated health (r = -0.242, p < 0.01). Mediation effect testing indicated that sleep quality and self-rated health partially mediated the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions, with total effect, total direct effect, and total indirect effect values of -1.702, -0.426, and - 1.277, respectively. College students primarily engage in low-intensity physical activity. Sleep quality and self-rated health mediate the impact of physical exercise on students' negative emotions. A certain level of physical activity can directly affect students' emotional states and indirectly influence their negative emotions via sleep and self-rated health. Regular engagement in physical activities primarily positively impacts emotional states by enhancing mood stability and overall emotional resilience.

Addressing Environmental Factors for SDG 3-Health and Wellbeing: Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, and Coping among Medical Students in Pakistan

The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay between perceived stress, sleep quality, and coping mechanisms among medical students, with a view to understand their implications for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - "Good Health and Well-being," and considering environmental factors. Conducted as a cross-sectional study and 300 medical university students (152 men, 148 women), aged 18 to 25 years (mean age = 22.73, SD = 1.78), were selected using stratified random sampling based on their academic year. The study employed the Perceived Stress Scale, General Sleep Scale, and Brief COPE to assess the study variables. The results revealed gender differences in coping strategies, with female students exhibiting higher scores in avoidant and emotion-focused coping, while male students leaned towards problem-focused coping. Notably, perceived stress and avoidant coping emerged as significant predictors of poor sleep quality (p&lt;.05) among the participants. This study found significant relationship among use of green spaces, stress, sleep quality, and coping strategies among medical students, aligning with SDG 3's objective of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. Furthermore, while the study did not directly address environmental factors, it indirectly emphasizes the importance of creating conducive environments for health and well-being. Environmental considerations such as access to green spaces and a healthy physical environment can influence individuals' stress levels and sleep quality, contributing to holistic health outcomes. Given these findings, the study recommends that counseling centers in universities develop strategies for managing students' stress and sleep quality, while promoting healthy coping skills. By addressing these factors comprehensively, universities can contribute to enhancing students' psychological well-being and advancing progress towards SDG 3 and create sustainable and healthy environments, as outlined in SDG 13 (Climate Action), to complement initiatives focused on fostering sustainable environments conducive to health and well-being.