Spiritual Level Research Articles

"ЛЕСТНИЦА ДО САМОГО НЕБА И ПОД ЛЕСТНИЦЕЙ ЗМЕЙ": ВИДЕНИЕ ПЕРПЕТУИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of some of the images that occur in one of the Perpetua’s visions. Her first vision comes in response to her brother’s question: he asks whether the martyrdom really awaits her. Perpetua sees a ladder of great length reaching up to heaven and a serpent of great size lying at the foot of the ladder. Here the heroine finds herself at a moment of choice: she has a way up and a way down. The image of a ladder can be commonly perceived as an ascent to a deity or to a new knowledge, skills, stages of initiation. A serpent (or dragon) tried to prevent ascension and here it is a symbolic representation of the devil. But the snake’s symbolism is incredibly complex and diverse. The dragon signifies Perpetua’s own instinctive origin, her will to live, and her feminine essence. The uniqueness of the text lies in the fact that the visions described are not constructed literary works, but real dreams of the heroine reflecting the state of her psyche during a period of extreme choice and spiritual transformation. A similar combination, i.e., a ladder and a serpent, is found in a completely different context, namely in the structure of the ancient Indian self-knowledge game «Leela». In the game board ladders (or arrows) symbolize “good behavior” that allows people to move to a higher level, and snakes are correspondingly “bad acts” leading to a descent to a lower level of spirituality. The article argues that in the history of Perpetua the two images converge. In some surprising way the described vision, being on the one hand very personal, on the other hand fits into another existing cultural tradition, describing the difficult path of the soul, trials and temptations awaiting it, as well as a spiritual ascent to heaven and higher level of spirituality.

ТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ СИМВОЛЫ КИТАЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ

The article traces how the decorative nature of traditional cultural symbols in the design of public dining spaces gradually acquires diversified characteristics. This article deeply analyzes three styles of public catering spaces, to reveal the characteristics of using a number of traditional symbols in Chinese national culture. It analyzes the intrinsic value and “metaphorical” meaning, reconstructs the aesthetics of public catering space, realizes the perceptual and experiential needs of people at the spiritual level.

Nueva exploración sobre el examen filosófico de la deportividad china

Abstract: Chinese sportsmanship is the essence of Chinese sports and national spirit, and the soul and essence of Chinese sports. In reality, people understand the sportsmanship as a form of exercise that is detached from the spiritual level, neglecting the spiritual value comparable to physical exercise, concealing its deep spiritual connotations and placing the spirit of sports in a corner, away from the “bravery of the soul and the vitality of the body” of sports. The philosophical foundation and historical development of Chinese sports spirit have been explored and examined, aiming to understand the profound connotation and value of Chinese sports spirit. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the spirit of Chinese sports has played a special leading role in China, and has been widely recognized and affirmed by the Party Central Committee and various social classes. However, people’s understanding of it is not deep enough and is only in the preliminary research stage. In order to adapt to various needs, the in-depth exploration of the philosophical examination of Chinese sportsmanship has significant theoretical value and practical significance. The Chinese sports spirit is not only about physical exercise, but also emphasizes physical and mental harmony, both internal and external cultivation, and the pursuit of a state of physical and mental pleasure and comfort. The Chinese sports spirit is in line with traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts, such as “harmony between heaven and man” and social harmony.

Nexus of Workplace Spirituality, Employee Wellbeing, and Employee Commitment: A Comparison Between Social Enterprises and Other Organisations in Vietnam

This article examines the influence of workplace spirituality on employee wellbeing and employee commitment when financial needs are met with a focus on social enterprise. A survey of N = 595 Vietnamese employees and managers in both social enterprises (N = 138) and non-social enterprises (N = 457) indicated a (1) positive relationship between spirituality at work and wellbeing (adjusted R square = .521, pvalue<.001); (2) this relationship was moderated by the type of organisation, which is more positive for social enterprises (adjusted R square = .527, pvalue<.001); and (3) a positive effect of types of organisation and workplace spirituality on the likelihood of committing to current employment. The study also found a higher level of workplace spirituality, employee wellbeing, and employee commitment in social enterprises. In short, the study is evidence for organisations and governments to foster wellbeing and promote social enterprises.

The discrimination of psychiatric patients: an assessment of the influence of faith, level of religious involvement and spirituality upon patient devaluation

The discrimination of psychiatric patients: an assessment of the influence of faith, level of religious involvement and spirituality upon patient devaluation

Философские идеи С. Кьеркегора и Г. Марселя в романе Уокера Перси «Любитель кино»

The article analyzes the philosophical aspect of Walker Percy’s novel The Moviegoer, created under the influence of European existentialist ideas. The formal aspects of the text organization were borrowed by the writer from Sartre and Camus, while the idea of the novel was shaped under the influence of Kierkegaard’s and Marcel’s philosophy. The central theme of the novel is the overcoming of despair and discovery of faith as a source of both personal happiness and social well-being. Kierkegaard’s concept of freedom as the necessary basis for spiritual self-realization is contrasted in the novel with Sartre’s atheistic perception of freedom, demonstrating the impossibility of discovering one’s own identity in a godless world. The image of the central character in the novel is consciously based by the writer on Kierkegaard’s philosophical ideas, his interpretation of the main stages of human life, the opposition between faith and despair. But while Kierkegaard’s attention is focused on the act of gaining faith through the irrational leap, Percy is more attracted to the idea of a path that helps the character to move from one spiritual level of existence to another as a result of reflection and deliberate moral choice. This fact demonstrates the affinity between Percy’s and Marcel’s philosophical views. Percy also shares Marcel’s belief that the discovery of God cannot take place prior to the acknowledgement of a human person’s significance. Unlike Kierkegaard, the knight of faith in Percy’s and Marcel’s writings gains both the inner peace of mind and the ability to interact with the outside world quite successfully. The research demonstrates that while Kierkegaard’s ideas largely determine the initial situation in the novel, Marcel’s views eventually turn out to be dominant in Percy’s literary creation.

Գրիգոր Սկևռացու աղոթքները

Grigor Archimandrite Skevratsi, a follower of the famous clergyman and theologian Nerses of Lambron, was one of the outstanding public, political and cultural figures of medieval Armenia, who in his literary, cultural, religious, social and pedagogical activities was a worthy disciple of his teacher and carried on the traditions establishedby him. Grigor Skevratsi is a multi-genre author. He wrote in practically every genre of spiritual literature and left a legacy of odes and Church Hymns (sharakan), orations and sermons, exhortations and prayers, interpretations and translations. The current paper presents the prayers of Grigor Skevatsi. His theory of prayer is directly derived from the teaching of the school of Narek Monastery which is evidence of a continuity of tradition. Grigor Skevratsi expressed his views on prayer as the highest moment of spiritual life in a number of works, in the theologicalpoem “Instruction on the true Faith and the Virtuous and Pure Life” (“Khrat” (exhortation) «Բան խրատու վասն ուղիղ հաւատոյ և մաքուր վարուց առաքի-նութեան» («Խրատ»)), sermons, several small and large prayers. Skevratsi's prayers testify to his deep faith and high spiritual level.

STUDI KORELASIONAL SPIRITUALITAS DAN BURNOUT SYNDROME PERAWAT RUANG INTENSIF SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary pressure on medical personnel, especially nurses who work in critical wards. They are faced with high health-related risks as well as constant psychological stress. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience during the pandemic. This research was conducted using a survey method and data collection through questionnaires (SWBS (Spiritual Well Being Scale) and MBI-HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey)) which were given to 55 nurses who work in critical rooms selected using total sampling techniques. Research data was analyzed using Chi-square with Fisher's Exact Test. The research results showed that almost all nurses had a high level of spirituality (85.5%) and the majority of nurses did not experience burnout syndrome (60.0%). The calculated statistical value obtained a sig (2-tiled) value of 0.007 (p<0.05) meaning that there is a significant relationship between the level of spirituality of nurses and the level of burnout syndrome they experience. Nurses with higher levels of spirituality tend to experience lower levels of burnout. This indicates that aspects of spirituality, such as strong beliefs and regular spiritual practices, act as protective factors in reducing the risk of burnout syndrome. Apart from that, it is also important to include a holistic approach that pays attention to spiritual aspects in care and support for nurses during pandemics and other critical situations.

Impacts of Religiosity and Spirituality on Attitudes towards Sexuality Education among Adolescents

The efficacy of school-based sexuality education (SBSE) is associated with adolescents’ attitudes towards sexuality and SBSE. Adolescents are in stage of development during which religiosity and spirituality become a source of influence on their sexual attitudes, which in turn affects their views on SBSE. Western literature suggested that higher levels of religiosity and spirituality are related to conservative sexual attitudes and negative attitude towards comprehensive SBSE. This study examined if Western findings on religiosity and spirituality were applicable to Hong Kong where the society is dominated by values of Chinese culture. A total of 818 secondary school students were recruited for this study via convenience sampling. A questionnaire containing items on demographic characteristics and measuring instruments was developed for data collection. The data revealed that students participated in this study were low in religiosity but relatively high in spirituality. Consistent with Western findings, religious affiliations were association with conservative sexual attitudes, which was accounted for by the mediation of religiosity. Lower levels of religiosity and spirituality were associated with more liberal sexual attitudes. Male students generally hold more permissive attitudes towards sexuality than female students, but female students were more liberal on issues such as abortion, contraception, and homosexuality. As reported in the West, secondary school students in Hong Kong also showed great support for SBSE. Inconsistent with Western findings, students with more conservative sexual attitudes were more supportive of SBSE. Higher levels of religiosity and spirituality were associated more positive attitudes towards SBSE. Furthermore, female students were more supportive of SBSE than male students. These incongruent findings were discussed with reference to the social context of Hong Kong.

De damnabili ritu Graecorum: Osualdus de Lasko’s Sermons Regarding Orthodox Christians in Late Medieval Hungary

ABSTRACT Among the various inhabitants of the Hungarian Kingdom during the Middle Ages, there were also Orthodox Christians, frequently designated as schismatici. Secular and ecclesiastic authorities often sought their conversion and the mission of the Order of Friars Minor in this area targeted them as well. A change of attitude was imposed, at least for a time, in 1439 by the decree of union agreed at the Council of Florence (1438–39). A half a century later, Osualdus de Lasko (c. 1450–1511), a Hungarian Observant Franciscan, wrote a Lenten homiletic cycle exhorting a profound commitment to the true faith by addressing the question of the Byzantine rite in three of his sermons. This article offers an analysis of the sermon collection entitled Quadragesimale Gemma fidei, focusing mainly on the three sermons de damnabili ritu Graecorum. I will argue that, on a spiritual level, Osualdus intended to strengthen the faith of the Catholic inhabitants of Hungary, to resist and correct deviances, in order to regain God’s mercy. On a temporal level, he promoted the return of the ‘Greeks’ to communion with the Roman Church, through conversion, probably in the interest of a stronger front against the Ottomans.

Analyzing the Opportunities of Art Trends Based on Contemporary Spiritual Needs

The art trend of thought should adapt to the contemporary art needs and promote the help and progress of art for the group. Modern art should help build the spiritual level of each person and heal the mental and spiritual health of the individual. By popularizing basic art education and providing entry points for art viewing, enhancing the personal empathy and tolerance of the general public is a new opportunity to adapt to the artistic trend of human development and needs. This paper provides an idea of one of the possibilities of artistic trend of thought. Artists leave traces of clues in artistic works to give viewers a breakable entrance, that is, the guiding function of artworks themselves is strengthened, so as to form a personalized private chemotherapy field among viewers, artists and artistic works.

I Am Young, Religious and/or Spiritual—Is It Beneficial to Me? Association of Religiosity, Spirituality and Images of God with Meaning in Life and Self-Esteem in Adolescents

Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been suggested to be positive factors in adolescents’ well-being and development. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of R/S and images of God with meaning in life and self-esteem in adolescents in a secular environment. A sample of Czech adolescents (n = 984, mean age 16.61, SD 1.21; 28% male) participated in an online survey. We measured religiosity, religious affiliation (Raf), religious attendance (Ratt), spirituality, images of God (IMG), meaning in life (ML), subdivided into components of presence (ML-P) and search (ML-S), and adolescents’ self-esteem (ASE). Religiosity, Raf, Ratt, and a higher level of spirituality were associated with ML-P, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.80) for spirituality to 1.88 (1.27–2.80) for church affiliation. ML-S was associated with religiosity, OR 1.41 (1.10–1.82), and spirituality, OR 1.73 (1.51–2.00). No associations were found for self-esteem. The combination of spirituality with Raf and Ratt led to associations with ML-P, ML-S, and ASE for those who were spiritual and affiliated/non-affiliated, with ORsof 2.14–6.00, as well as for those who were spiritual and attending/non-attending, with ORs of 1.84–4.84. Respondents who reported positive images of God were more likely to report an increase in ML-P, ML-S, and ASE, whereas those reporting negative images were more likely to report a decrease. Our findings suggest that R/S, in particular their mutual interactions with higher levels of spirituality and images of God, are associated with adolescent development and encourage the internalisation of R/S values among youth.

Risk factors and protective factors of suicidal behavior in people diagnosed with depression

According to the WHO, over 700,000 people commit suicide annually. Their main cause is clinical depression. It is predicted that by 2030 it will become the most diagnosed ailment among people. In the face of the pandemic of depression and suicidal behaviour, it is important to establish the so-called protective factors. Aim of the study: The main aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between protective factors (spirituality, religiosity) and suicidal risk factors (mental pain, depression, anxiety, fascination with death, coexistence of Borderline Personality Disorder BPD, self-harm) in people with a clinical depression. Methodology: The study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023 using standardized tools and clinical scales to assess the above-mentioned variables. A total of 167 people were examined, while 96 people were qualified for the study, including 46 patients with depression and 50 people from the control group. Results: A significant number of subjects from the control group declaring mental health showed features of depressive disorders (27%), anxiety disorders (45%) and BPD (31.5%). Depressed participants compared to the control group, showed a lower level of spirituality and religiosity and a higher level of suicidal risk factors. Among people with depression, a positive effect of spirituality on lowering the fascination with death was shown, while religiosity correlated negatively with self-harm. In addition, psychological pain and fascination with death increased with the severity of anxiety, depression, self-harm, and BPD. In the examined group, the level of suicidal risk factors increased along with the religious crisis. Conclusions: The study partially confirmed the protective effect of spirituality and religiosity on people with depression in the context of suicidal risk. Religious crisis turned out to be a significant predictor of suicide risk

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БІБЛІЙНОЇ МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ У ВИХОВАННІ ТА ФОРМУВАННІ СВІТОГЛЯДУ СТУДЕНТІВ НА ВЧЕННЯ ПРО НООСФЕРУ

Advice, laws, commandments of the Bible determine the existence of human life. They are the methodological basis of the educational process. The books of the Bible contain information about the creation of light, the atmosphere, land and oceans, the biosphere and man, about the connections and relationships between man, society and nature. It is suggested to study the books of the Bible from scientific research and educational positions. Has no scientific law or dogma that cannot be found directly or indirectly in the scriptures of the Bible. On the basis of many years of experience in teaching physical geography, four successive stages of formation of students’ outlook on the problems of interaction of society, man and nature and the concept of the noosphere in the process of studying geographical disciplines from the 1st to the 5th courses have been established: education, geographic, theoretical and philosophical. According to the results of the analysis of the teachings of V. I. Vernadskyi and modern science about the biosphere and noosphere, about the solar-terrestrial connections of inert and living matter and the origin and evolution of living matter and the biosphere, it was established that the noosphere is essentially the spiritual sphere of the mental activity of every person and humanity as a whole in the space-time continuum. The noosphere is the spiritual part of the biosphere, it is born and exists together with the birth and existence of man and humanity, and after biological death it ceases to exist in the material system of the biosphere and passes to the spiritual level of existence, beyond the dimensions of our material worldview. All natural and social phenomena and processes are controlled by the spiritual sphere, which includes the sphere of the human mind – the noosphere. Earth’s shells and biosphere were created for human life and activities with all the necessary spaceplanetary ecological conditions.

Research on Illustration Design Strategies based on Visual Narrative

Based on the theory of visual narrative, explore innovative ideas for Cantonese culture-themed illustrations to help spread Cantonese culture. Analyze the creative themes and existing problems of illustrations, grasp the inner connection between material, behavioral and spiritual levels in the themes, and reflect the unity of narrative connotation and visual presentation. From six aspects: mining narrative content, determining narrative method, constructing narrative grid, extracting visual elements, establishing picture content, and giving narrative meaning, a design strategy for Cantonese cultural themed illustrations based on visual narrative is proposed to promote the interaction between viewers and illustrations. Visual connections, associative thinking and spiritual resonance. Integrating visual narrative strategies into Cantonese cultural themed illustrations can improve the communication efficiency of Cantonese cultural themed illustrations and better promote and spread positive social energy and sense of responsibility to the public.

Nexus between emotional intelligence and occupational stress: Role of workplace spirituality among teaching fraternity

The Union Government's New Education Policy 2020 of India is said to be a game changer and has brought many reforms into the education sector. This initiation provoked many changes in the education sector along with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this regard, there is a dire need to know the emotional status and stress among the teaching fraternity. The present study considers emotional intelligence and workplace spirituality as influencers of occupational stress. The findings of the study interpret that emotional intelligence and workplace spirituality predict occupational stress in the teaching fraternity. The mediation effect of workplace spirituality between emotional intelligence and occupational stress is nominal and very low. However, it is observed that high levels of spirituality and moderate emotional intelligence predict low-stress levels.

The Influence of Spirituality on Psychological Resilience and Recurrence in Hypertension Patients

Hypertension is a chronic disease that is prone to recurrence and disrupts the balance of systemic hemodynamics to cause various serious multi-system complications. This study aimed to analyze the spiritual level in the regulation of resilience and relapse in hypertensive patients. We used a correlation analysis method with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 76 patients who were recorded as coming to the Puskesmas with a sample size of 62 respondents who were taken by simple random sampling. The independent variable was spirituality, as measured using the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES). The dependent variable was resilience as measured by the Nicholson–McBride Resilience Questionnaire (NMRQ) and hypertension recurrence. Statistical tests using Spearman’s rank with alpha (α) 0.05. The results of the statistical tests show a significant relationship between spirituality and resilience. The p-value obtained is 0.001 less than 0.05, with a level of closeness of 0.790 or solid. Spirituality is also significantly related to hypertension recurrence with a p-value of 0.011, smaller than alpha 0.05, and a level of closeness of -0.325, which means a moderate level of closeness. Deep spirituality will trigger the strengthening of resilience that regulates the balance of stress and homeostasis of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The physiological sympathetic and parasympathetic systems regulate vascular smooth muscle contractions to control blood pressure and reduce the rate of hypertensive recurrence.

RELATIONSHIP OF SPIRITUALITY, RELIGIOUSITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE ELDERLY

RELATIONSHIP OF SPIRITUALITY, RELIGIOUSITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE ELDERLY

Psychiatry Residents’ Attitudes towards Spirituality in Psychiatric Practice in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: This study examined residents’ attitudes and practices regarding the relevance of spirituality in psychiatry within Saudi residency training programs; their experiences and comfort levels in addressing patients’ spiritual concerns; and their interest and past learning experiences in this area of training and practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted trainees and recent graduates of residency programs across Saudi Arabia. The study materials consisted of an electronic questionnaire that was adapted with permission. Results: The total number of respondents was 71 out of 180 potential participants (39.44%). Most residents (64.8%) felt that it was appropriate to inquire about the spiritual aspects of patients’ lives and that it was essential to address spiritual problems or needs that patients may have within the clinical setting (71.8%). Many participants (40.80%) described themselves as being both religious and spiritual. Most respondents (94.4%) did not receive any training on spirituality and psychiatry, and 80.3% said they would like to learn more about the subject. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that residents have an overall high level of personal spirituality and that they feel it is relevant in clinical practice. However, they have not had much training in this area and are interested in learning more. Educational initiatives would be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of residents and patient care in this untapped area of spirituality in psychiatry.

Can spiritual power reduce online cheating behavior among university students? The fraud triangle theory perspective

PurposeAlthough the academic literature provides extensive insight into the motivations for the unethical use of information technology in online classes, little is known about how perceived justice, the opportunity to cheat and spiritual legitimacy mitigate unethical behavior among young academics. The purposes of this study are two folds: first, to determine how perceived lecturers’ justice and opportunity to cheat may mitigate academic misconduct in online classes, and second, to evaluate the moderating effect of spiritual power on the relationship between perceived lecturers’ justice and opportunity to cheat and academic misconduct.Design/methodology/approachThis research was conducted at universities in three Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, with a total of 339 respondents. The research questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms. The analytical method used to test the research hypothesis is moderated regression analysis (MRA).FindingsThe findings of this study reveal that spirituality moderates the relationship between lecturer justice and the opportunity to cheat online. Even though the justice level of the lecturer is low, individuals with relatively high spirituality will show much less cheating behavior than when there is a low level of lecturer justice and a low level of student spirituality, and vice versa.Research limitations/implicationsCheating occurs when students develop an intention to cheat, which leads to actual involvement in cheating, meaning that theoretically, the findings extend the fraud triangle theory. In addition, the practical implications of this research are that lecturers need to conduct fair teaching, such as transparency of exam conditions, assessment, the right to an opinion and supervision during exams, consequently, the students cannot cheat. Spirituality is also an essential factor that can reduce online cheating, so instilling spirituality in specific courses is a fruitful solution.Originality/valueThe contributions of this study are twofold. First, this study gives testable theories on how spiritual help works. Second, this study offers tailored and more humanistic assistance, such as a mechanism that adjusts to the academic world’s usage of more positive technologies. This study contributes to the literature on online cheating in higher education across three Southeast Asian nations (Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand).