Levels Of Spiritual Well-being Research Articles

Associations of religiosity and spiritual well-being with appearance concerns after head and neck cancer surgery.

To investigate whether religiosity and spiritual well-being are associated with appearance concerns among people with visible sequelae due to cancer surgery in the head and neck region. A cross-sectional study was carried in 202 adult patients in a referral hospital for cancer treatment in Midwest Brazil. Data on sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical aspects and cancer-related behaviours were collected through interviews, clinical examination and medical records. The outcome was the patients' appearance concerns (Derriford Appearance Scale-DAS24). The independent explanatory variables were religiosity (Duke University Religiousness Index-DUREL) and spiritual well-being (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-FACIT-Sp12). Data were analysed using Pearson's chi-square and Poisson regression. Most of the participants were male (76.2%), and mean age was 58.6years (SD=11.6). The scores of appearance concerns (DAS24) ranged from 21 to 75 (median=33.0). In the bivariate analysis, appearance concerns were associated with spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp12), degree of disfigurement and treatment with radiotherapy/chemotherapy. Religiosity (DUREL) was not associated with the outcome. In the adjusted regression model, a lower prevalence of appearance concerns was found among patients with higher levels of spiritual well-being (PR=0.86; CI=0.79-0.94), males (PR=0.87; CI=0.79-0.95), those with lower degrees of disfigurement (PR=0.89; CI=0.82-0.98) and those who had no treatment with radiotherapy/chemotherapy (PR=0.83; CI=0.72-0.94). High spiritual well-being was independently associated with lower levels of appearance concerns in people with visible sequelae due to cancer surgery in the head and neck region. Understanding the role of this psychosocial determinant may help in the coping process.

Hubungan Spiritual Well-Being dan Kecerdasan Emosi pada Sikap Toleransi Bagi Remaja

This study analyzes the relationship between spiritual well-being and emotional intelligence to tolerance for adolescents. Spiritual well-being is the affirmation of life concerning, oneself, others, the environment, and God. This relation can be developed into four interconnected domains of human existence concerning spiritual well-being; oneself, community, environment, and God. Emotional intelligence is one of the keys to success in life. So, people are aware of themselves and others, have motivation and optimism. The study took data from 1113 adolescents from five provinces (DKI, West Java, Lampung, North Sumatra, and Central Java), aims to find out the relationship between spiritual well-being and emotional intelligence on tolerance. From the analysis of data using correlation and regression found that spiritual well-being is related to tolerance (r = 0.844 (**), p = 000 <0.001), and spiritual well-being affects the attitude of tolerance (r2 = .699, t = 30 896, p <.001). Likewise emotional intelligence is related to tolerance for adolescents (r = 0.844 (**), p = 000 <0.001) and emotional intelligence influences tolerance (r2 = .712, t = - 5102, p <.001). The higher level of spiritual well-being and emotional intelligence, the better the tolerance attitude of adolescents.

Spiritual Well-Being and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world, generating important socioeconomic and cultural impacts. Spirituality has been associated with the main risk factors for acute myocardial infarction, influencing lifestyle, and drug treatment compliance. Estimate the level of spiritual well-being and its association with coronary artery disease. We conducted a case-control study with 88 adults (42 cases and 46 controls) individually interviewed. Using a spiritual well-being scale and collecting socioeconomic and demographic information. We compared groups by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Friedman's analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences between the values assigned to the scale items in each group. Statistically, there was no significant difference between categories and levels of spiritual well-being in any of the groups. Both had high rates, driven by the high level of religious well-being. There was no difference between the rates attributed to the items on the subscale of religious well-being, in the case or control groups (p = 0.959 and p = 0.817). However, the existential well-being subscale revealed variability between the scores attributed to each item in both groups (p < 0.001). The results revealed a high level of spiritual well-being in the analyzed sample. There was no correlation between the levels of spiritual, religious, and existential well-being with coronary artery disease, possibly due to the reduced ability of the religious well-being subscale to discriminate between groups.

Investigation of Prospective Teachers' Spiritual Well-Beings and Life Satisfactions in Terms of Specified Variables

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;This study was conducted to investigate prospective teachers' spiritual well-beings and life satisfactions in terms of specified variables. 298 students from various departments of universities participated in the study. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale developed by Paloutzian and Ellison, and adapted to Turkish by Eksi and Kardas, the Life Satisfaction Scale developed by Diener et al. and translated and adapted to Turkish by Koker and a Personal Information Form prepared by the researcher were used in the study. This study was a descriptive study based on survey model. The study data were subjected to normality tests and analyzed accordingly. Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Spearman Rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results of the study, indicated that spiritual well-being levels of prospective teachers significantly varied by gender, year of study, field of study and educational status of father. Life satisfaction levels of prospective teachers significantly varied by field of study. Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between total score for spiritual well-being and life satisfaction.&lt;/p&gt;

Psychological Symptoms in Patients on Dialysis and Their Relationship with Spiritual Well-Being.

AIMThis study was examined the prevalence of psychological symptoms in patients on dialysis and their relationship with spiritual well-being.METHODThis descriptive study was conducted in Iran, and the sample consisted of 150 patients on hemodialysis. The data were collected using a checklist for demographic variables; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales 21; and Palutzian & Ellison Spiritual Well-being Scale.RESULTSAmong the 150 participants in this study, 57.3% were female, and the others were male. The mean age of the participants was 44.6 years. The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in the studied patients were 17.3, 17.6, and 19.3, respectively. The mean of the total score of spiritual well-being was 75.02±9.1. The results showed that there was a reverse and significant correlation between the total score of spiritual well-being and the levels of stress (r= −0.265, p<0.001), anxiety (r= −0.243, p<0.003), and depression (r −0.281, p<0.001).CONCLUSIONDepression, anxiety, and stress were highly prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis; all three had a strong relationship with the patients’ level of spiritual well-being. In other words, patients with higher levels of spiritual well-being showed lower psychological symptoms.

Coping with the Practice of Medicine: Religion, Spirituality, and Other Personal Strategies.

With the increasing demands on the practice of medicine, this qualitative study asked residents and their faculty (n = 44) to reflect on how they cope with their work. They provided written reflections to questions about successful and disappointing patient experiences, as well as describing their personal, religious, or spiritual practices. Key themes included connecting with family and friends, learning from their mistakes, using cognitive behavioral tools, and engaging with their spirituality and religiosity. One third specifically mentioned they used prayer and/or meditation. We contextualized selected quotes with their level of spiritual well-being, religiosity, and burnout.

Perspectiva espiritual del personal de enfermería de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en un hospital de segundo nivel.

Introducción: La espiritualidad es entendida como un sistema de guía interno básico para el bienestar humano que influye en la vida, la conducta y la salud, no importando las creencias o las prácticas religiosas de la persona. Objetivo: Conocer la perspectiva espiritual que tiene el personal de enfermería en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un hospital de segundo nivel. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Muestra conformada por 82 enfermeras de los turnos matutino, vespertino y nocturno de las UCI. Se utilizó la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual. Resultados: Los niveles de bienestar espiritual que presento el personal en estudio fue: Un nivel alto. En el turno matutino predomino el nivel alto (36,4%) y moderado (36,4%), el vespertino con un nivel moderado (50%) y en los turnos nocturnos A y B nivel alto con 40,7% y 57,9% respectivamente. Conclusiones: La espiritualidad es un elemento que los profesionales de enfermería necesitan no solo para cuidar de sí mismos, sino para cuidar del otro. Al contar con personal de enfermería dentro de las UCI con bienestar espiritual alto, se tienen profesionales mayormente comprometidos con su trabajo, un mejor ambiente laboral y una mejor atención hacia los pacientes.

Impact of Islam-Based Caring Intervention on Spiritual Well-Being in Muslim Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

This research emphasizes the nurse’s role in incorporating Islamic teaching through the care practices provided in order to promote spiritual well-being in Muslim women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. In addition, religion and spirituality have been recognized as the primary resources for coping. The aim of the study, therefore, was to explore the impact of an Islam-based caring intervention on the spiritual well-being of Muslim women with cancer. Furthermore, data were collected using a questionnaire and, also, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp) on baseline (Time 1), days 3 (Time 2), 23 (Time 3), and 44 (Time 4). The results showed the significant impact of an Islam-based caring intervention on the participants’ level of spiritual well-being. In addition, the mean scores varied between the intervention and control group over time. Based on the reflection, participants stipulated feeling peace of mind, closer to God, spirit for further life, and healthier.

The effect of spiritual well-being on adaptation to chronic illness among people with chronic illnesses.

This study aimed to identify the effect of spiritual well-being on the adaptation to chronic illness, among people with chronic illnesses. The study comprised of 466 patients hospitalized in the internal medicine clinics of internal diseases, cardiology, neurology, and chest diseases, at the training and research hospital of a university. There was a significant positive relationship between spiritual well-being and adaptation and how spiritual well-being affected patients' adaptation to chronic illness. Study results indicated that adaptation to chronic illness increased in direct relation to an increased level of spiritual well-being, among people with chronic illnesses.

The Relationship of Mother's Spiritual Well-being and Forgiveness with Mother-to-infant Attachment in Women Referring to Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Background: The mental health of the mother has a great influence on the health of her fetus. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mother's spiritual well-being and forgiveness with maternal-fetal attachment (MFA). Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. A sample of 200 female participants was selected by applying a simple sampling method among the mothers hospitalized in 3 clinics during the period of 2017-2018. The Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Health and Pollard &amp; Anderson Forgiveness Questionnaires were used toassess the correlation between the spiritual health and forgiveness of the mother with MFA. Results: The relationship between attachment parameters including sentimental and emotional behaviors (r = 0.365, p = 0.0001), near-proximity-keeping behaviors (r = 0.261, p = 0.002), care behaviors (r = 0.339, p = 0.0001), mother’s attention to baby (r = 0.19, p = 0.026), versus all attachment behaviors (r = 0.349, p = 0.0001) and high level of spiritual well-being was significant, whereas the relationship between the mother’s forgiveness score and all the attachment components was not meaningful. However, the high level of forgiveness score was significant with all of the attachment components (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the mother’s mental health and forgiveness and the attachment versus its components. It is recommended that in order to reduce the stress level and promotion of MFA, training courses for spiritual programs and mechanisms for the creation of forgiveness should be scheduled in the pregnancy plans.

The Relationship between Resilience Quotient, Social Support and Spiritual Well-Being of Caregivers of Patients with Hemiplegia

Objective: There are three main objectives of this study. The first is to study the levels of resilience quotient, social support and spiritual well-being of caregivers of patients with hemiplegia. The second is to study the relationship between resilience quotient and spiritual well-being of caregivers to patients with hemiplegia. The third objective is to study the relationship between social support and spiritual well-being of caregivers of patients with hemiplegia.Methods: The sample of this study is composed of 170 caregivers of patients with hemiplegia who received treatment at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Data for this study were collected using a psychological questionnaire, and then by adopting analytical statistics, which are percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient.Results: After data collection and analysis, caregivers of patients with hemiplegia were found to have relatively high levels of resilience quotient and social support. Moreover, they have a high level of spiritual well-being. Taken together, these results suggest that there is a positive correlation between resilience quotient and the spiritual well-being of caregivers of patients with hemiplegia, with statistical significance at the .01 level. There is also a positive correlation between social support and the spiritual well-being of caregivers of patients with hemiplegia, with a statistical significance at the .01 level.Conclusion: This research results can be used as a guideline for efforts to enhance the resilient quotient, social support and spiritual well-being of caregivers by providing knowledge, information and caregiving equipment to them. Moreover, caregivers should be encouraged to enjoy their free time by engaging in creative activities and religious activities, which are believed to help increase mental peace.

The influence of spirituality on decision-making in palliative care outpatients: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDecision-making in palliative care can be complex due to the uncertain prognosis and general fear surrounding decisions. Decision-making in palliative care may be influenced by spiritual and cultural beliefs or values. Determinants of the decision-making process are not completely understood, and spirituality is essential for coping with illness. Thus, this study aims to explore the influence of spirituality on the perception of healthcare decision-making in palliative care outpatients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was developed. A battery of tests was administered to 95 palliative outpatients, namely: sociodemographic questionnaire (SQ), Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being scale (FACIT-Sp), and a semi-structured interview (SSI) to study one’s perception of spirituality and autonomy in decision-making. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics for SQ and SSI. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare scale scores between groups and correlations were used for all scales and subscales. The analysis of patients’ definitions of spirituality was based on the interpretative phenomenological process.ResultsSpiritual wellbeing significantly correlated with greater levels of physical, emotional and functional wellbeing and a better quality of life. Greater spiritual wellbeing was associated with less decisional conflict, decreased uncertainty, a feeling of being more informed and supported and greater satisfaction with one’s decision. Most patients successfully implemented their decision and identified themselves as capable of early decision-making. Patients who were able to implement their decision presented lower decisional conflict and higher levels of spiritual wellbeing and quality of life. Within the 16 themes identified, spirituality was mostly described through family. Patients who had received spiritual care displayed better scores of spiritual wellbeing, quality of life and exhibited less decisional conflict. Patients considered spirituality during illness important and believed that the need to receive spiritual support and specialised care could enable decision-making when taking into consideration ones’ values and beliefs.ConclusionThe impact of spiritual wellbeing on decision-making is evident. Spirituality is a key component of overall wellbeing and it assumes multidimensional and unique functions. Individualised care that promotes engagement in decision-making and considers patients’ spiritual needs is essential for promoting patient empowerment, autonomy and dignity.

Association Between Spiritual Well-Being and Resilience Among Turkish Hemodialysis Patients.

This study aimed to determine the association between spiritual well-being and resilience among Turkish hemodialysis patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 134 hemodialysis patients treated at two state hospitals' hemodialysis units between February 2019 and July 2019. The data were collected with a Personal Information Form, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Resilience Scale for Adults with the face-to-face interview technique. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis were used. The patients' spiritual well-being levels were high, while their psychological resilience levels were medium. There was a moderate positive correlation between spiritual well-being and resilience (p < 0.01). Education level, economic level, duration of disease and spiritual well-being were determined to be statistically significant predictive factors of the patients' resilience (p < 0.001). In this context, nurses may provide psychosocial and spiritual care, education and counseling services that will increase patient's resilience.

The Relationship of Daily Spiritual Experience with Self-Care among the Elderly in Gonbad-e-Kavos City, Iran, in 2017

Introduction: With the aging, changes will occur in the health dimensions of elderly. Due to these changes, the elderly is prone to damage and decreased quality of life. As a result, health promotion behaviors become more important. Religion and spirituality can have a positive impact on mental and physical health. As age grows, religious beliefs and spiritual health also increase. Similarly, the adherence to religious beliefs and instructions increases the motivation of the individual to create and strengthen self-care behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between daily spiritual experiences and self-care among the elderly. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 200 elderly people in Gonbad-e-Kavos City, Iran, in year 2017, using non-random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire of daily spiritual experiences and a self-care questionnaire for the elderly. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and independent t tests. Results: The mean scores of spiritual experiences and self-care among the elderly were 81.31 ± 9.63 and 51.97 ± 5.22, respectively. There was not any significant relationship between the two variables based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (P = 0.91). There was a significant difference between the daily spiritual experiences and job (P = 0.007), as well as between the self-care and marital status (P = 0.020). Conclusion: The level of spiritual well-being was high among the elderly; and considering their religious culture and beliefs, we can help them to improve their quality of life by identifying and strengthening their spiritual needs.

TRAVMA GEÇİREN BİREYLERİN SPİRİTÜEL İYİ OLUŞLARININ TRAVMA SONRASI BÜYÜMELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Bireylerin kendilerinin yahut yakınlarının yaşadığı sağlık sorunu, kaza, ölüm, boşanma, aldatılma, taciz, tecavüz vb. travmatik olaylar bireylerde olumlu veya olumsuz etkilere yol açabilmektedir. Travma sonrası büyüme, bireylerin başlarından geçen travmatik olaylar sonrası kişilerarası ilişkilerinde, kendilik algılarında, yaşam felsefelerinde yaşadıkları olumlu değişim ve dönüşümleri ele alan bir kavramdır. Bireylerin travmatik olay sonrası yaşayacakları dönüşüm kişilik özellikleri, manevi duygular, hayata bakış açısı, kültür vb. unsurlardan etkilenmektedir. Bu bağlamda bireylerin hayatı anlamlandırmasında ve geliştirdiği davranışlarda etkili olan, bireyin değer yargıları üzerinde rol oynayan spiritüel iyi oluş kavramının travma sonrası büyüme üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığı merak uyandıran bir konu olmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında travmatik bir olay yaşamış bireylerin travma sonrası büyüme ve spiritüel iyi oluş düzeyleri tespit edilerek, bireylerin spiritüel iyi oluşlarının travma sonrası büyümeleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda spiritüel iyi oluş düzeyinin bireylerin travma sonrası büyümeleri üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin doğaya saygı duyma, uyumla yaşama ve aşkın bir gücün varlığına inanma durumlarının yaşadıkları travmatik olay sonrası gelişim gösterme düzeyleri üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu neticesine varılmıştır. Yine çalışma sonucunda sağlık problemi yaşayan bireylerin diğer travmatik olaylara maruz kalan bireylere kıyasla duygularını ifade etme, kişilerarası ilişkilerinde olumlu tavırlar sergileme ve yaşamın kıymetini anlama noktalarında daha fazla gelişme gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, bireylerin yaşadıkları travma sonrasında en çok inanç sistemlerinde değişim ve gelişim gösterdikleri çalışma kapsamında ortaya konulmuştur.

Investigation Of Spiritual Well-Being Palliative Care Of Patients

Background: One of the indispensable aspects of the philosophy of holistic care,and negative situations such as life-threatening illness, spiritual well-being, which isdefined as the search for a relationship with a divine soul, is a requirement that mustbe met in order to maintain the existence of the individual. The patient's need forsocial and spiritual well-being increases even more in cases of long-term treatment,such as cancer, that reduce the quality of life. Determining and meeting the spiritualneeds of the individual in the difficult times of the crisis can be realized bydetermining the spiritual well-being levels of the individuals and by providing theindividual spiritual care. This study was conducted to determine the level of thespiritual well-being of palliative care patients diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Thisis a descriptive study. The population of the study consisted of 124 patientsdiagnosed with cancer who were hospitalized in the palliative unit between Januaryand August 2018 and were treated in two state hospitals operating on the Europeanside of Istanbul. The sample consisted of 111 people with voluntary participationand communication. Personal Information Form and Spiritual Well-being Scalewere used to collect data. Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (one-way anova) and significance (t-test) of the difference between the two means.Results: The total score averages from the spiritual good scale of individualsparticipating in the Study were determined to be good with x = 4,15. In terms ofthe level of education of Scale scores, only "Anomi" is significantly differentiatedbetween groups of age, with a total score of the scale, In the sub-dimension oftranscendity and the subdimension of "Harmony with Nature" according to thevariable metastasis (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Spiritual Well-being has a positive effecton the healing process of individuals with impaired health. It helps individuals whohave a crisis in life threatening diseases such as Cancer to cope with this crisis and toprovide spiritual well-being in the sense of life. In This process, spiritual careinitiatives by healthcare professionals can be transformed into a part of the healingprocess and the spiritual goodness of the individual can be increased. Furtherresearch in This area is projected to contribute to the richening of the relevantliterature in Turkey.Key words: Spiritual, spiritual well-being, palliative care, palliative care unit

Is It Possible to Determine the Level of Spiritual Well-Being by Measuring Heart Rate Variability During the Reading of Heavenly Books?

A previous study stated that reading holy books can make a meaningful change in heart rate variability (HRV). The purpose of this study was to test the effect of reading the Quran, the heavenly religious book of the Muslim people in the Arabic language, on the Farsi (Persian)-speaking Muslims with various levels of spiritual well-being (SWB). In addition, novel to this study was the assessment of whether or not it is possible to use HRV features to distinguish individuals with high SWB from those with medium SWB. First, a questionnaire was completed by 31 volunteers to measure their SWB. Baseline ECG measurements were recorded during the resting stage. The volunteers were then asked to read the Quran for 5 min while ECG was recorded again. HRV indexes were calculated and four features were extracted and analyzed based on their correlation with the different levels of SWB. Independent t-tests were conducted and the results established a significant difference in these four features between high SWB and medium SWB groups, during the reading stage. Subsequently, with the use of these four HRV features, an artificial neural network and a decision tree were designed to classify the levels of SWB in volunteers. The outcome of this study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the level of SWB in individuals while they are reading the Quran.

Methamphetamine Abusers' Personality Traits and its Relational with Spiritual Well-being and Perceived Social Support.

Psychoactive substance abuse is a psychosocial disorder that its, emergence, continuation, and treatment are associated with personality factors, spiritual well-being, and social support. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality traits with spiritual well-being and perceived social support in methamphetamine users undergoing treatment in 2016 in the clinics of Kermanshah City, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 117 methamphetamine users undergoing treatment in addiction clinics of Kermanshah City, Iran. The formed study population was prepared by convenience sampling according to the inclusion-exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic form, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual wellbeing scale, and perceived social support inventory of Fleming et al. The collected data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests in SPSS v.23. The results showed that 82.2% of participants had a moderate level of agreeableness, 88.1% had moderate neuroticism, 93.2% had moderate extraversion, 87.2% had moderate conscientiousness, and 92.2% had a moderate level of openness to experience. In addition, 76.9% of participants had a low level of spiritual well-being and the remaining 23.1% had a moderate spiritual wellness. The mean spiritual well-being and perceived social support scores of participants were 69.94±10.86 and 33.94±7.55, respectively. The findings showed a significant relationship between personality traits and spiritual well-being and social support in methamphetamine users (p = 0.05). The results indicate that personality traits, perceived social support, and spiritual wellbeing can be considered as risk factors for methamphetamine abuse.

The Impact of Demoralization on Spiritual Well-Being in Terminally Ill Patients

Terminally ill patients often experience demoralization, which negatively impacts their spiritual well-being. However, studies on the relationship between demoralization and levels of spiritual well-being in Taiwan are still at an early stage. Thus, more research is required to verify and support the correlation between demoralization and spirituality and to establish methods to care for and treat demoralization. The purposes of this study were to investigate the demoralization and spiritual-well-being status of terminally ill patients and to determine the value of demographic data, disease characteristics, demoralization in predicting spiritual well-being. A cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate terminally ill patients who were currently receiving hospice care at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included a demographic datasheet and the Chinese demoralization and spiritual well-being scale. Pearson product-moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were performed to analyze the relationship between the target variables and spiritual well-being. Of the 82 participants surveyed, 81.7% had high levels of demoralization. The average spiritual well-being score for the participants was 31.7 (moderate). A significant and negative correlation was found between degree of demoralization and level of spiritual well-being (r = -.600, p < .01). Regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and other variables, demoralization scores were shown to predict the spiritual-well-being score, explaining 12.7% of total variance (β = -.41, p < .001). In other words, higher demoralization was associated with lower spiritual well-being. Demoralization is a common problem in people with terminal illnesses and is an important factor affecting spiritual well-being in this patient population. In clinical practice, early assessment and identification of demoralization in patients as well as establishing relevant models of care for demoralization are necessary to help patients attain spiritual well-being at the end of life.

Improving spiritual well-being among cancer patients: implications for clinical care.

This study aimed to explore the associated factors of spiritual well-being among cancer patients and the relationship between spiritual well-being (SWB) and quality of life (QOL). This cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 Chinese cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-Sp) were used to measure SWB and QOL levels of participants. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between SWB and QOL. The mean score of QOL was 59.8 (SD 13.1) with a range of 27-106. The mean score of SWB was 24.4 (SD 6.5), with a range of 8-48. Hospitalization frequency was the only variable associated with SWB. In terms of the relationship between SWB and QOL, the meaning and peace subscales were significantly related to overall QOL. It was also observed that the meaning subscale was positively related to social/family well-being, emotional well-being, and functional well-being. The peace subscale was related to the physical well-being, social/family well-being, and functional well-being. Faith was negatively related to physical and emotional well-being, but it had a positive effect on functional well-being. Given that the meaning and peace subscales are related to a higher QOL level, it is important to find ways to improve these dimensions of spiritual well-being among cancer inpatients during treatment.