Serum Iron Levels Research Articles

Evaluation of Iron Profiles and Coagulation Profiles in Ischemic Heart Diseases Patients in Elmek Nimir Hospital, Sudan

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a constellation of diseases that includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. It belongs to the group of cardiovascular diseases and is the most common type among them. Iron is an essential trace element. It plays an important role in maintaining various cellular functions and enzymatic reactions. On the other hand, excessive intake of iron is known to be a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. Abnormal iron deposition in the heart causes hemochromatosis and dilated cardiomyopathy, which leads to ischemic heart disease. Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), PT, and PTT in ischemic heart disease (IHD) and their relationship with other risk factors for IHD. Methods: This is a prospective, case-control, cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Elmek Nimir University Hospital, Shendi City, to assess the iron profile and coagulation profile of patients with ischemic heart disease. The study included (30) patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and the study group was compared with the mean of the control group (20). Serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC were estimated using a spectrophotometer, and PT and PTT were estimated using manual methods. Data were collected using a structured personal questionnaire and the program (SPSS) version (11.5) was used for data analysis. Results: In this study, patients with ischemic heart disease were (40%) male and (60%) female. In this study, iron averaged (41.0) ug/dl (P. value 0.010), ferritin averaged (233.0) ug/dl (P. value 0.000), and TIBC averaged (44.0) µg/dl. Was shown. (P. value 0.000) compared to mean controls (27.0), (162.0), (56.0). A significant difference was found between the iron profile and his IHD. This study showed the mean PT, PTT for cases (13.4), (40.4) (P-value 0.024), (P. value 0.009) compared with the mean for controls (12.0), (35.1). A significant difference was found between the coagulation profile and IHD. Conclusions: This study concluded that serum levels of iron, ferritin, TIBC, PT, and PTT may be associated with Ischemic heart disease.

Association of iron deficiency with chronic suppurative otitis media in adults

Background Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease globally. Current research suggests a possible association between anaemia and the development of CSOM. Objectives The objective of this trial was to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in adults aged 20–60 years. Materials and methods A consecutive sampling case-control study was used. The study participants were divided into a case group (42 children diagnosed with CSOM) and a control group (42 children with normal ears). Haemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV), serum iron level (SI), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin (TF), ferritin (Fer) were tested in all the participants, and the results were compared with the normal ranges of the World Health Organization (WHO). The comparative analysis of cases and controls was performed using the Fisher extract test, independence t-test, or Mann–Whitney U test. p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant for correlation. Results There were 61 patients with CSOM and 61 controls included in the study. In the case group, 16 out of 61 patients (26.2%) had low ferritin levels and in the control group, 1 out of 61 patients (1.6%) had low ferritin levels (p < .001). In the case group, 6 (9.8%) of 61 patients had IDA, and in the control group, there were no patients with IDA among 61 patients (p = .027). There were significant differences in SI, UIBC, and Fer parameters between the groups. Conclusions In adult patients, the incidence of iron deficiency was higher in CSOM patients than in controls. Iron deficiency may be considered a potential risk factor for chronic suppurative otitis media, and serum iron parameters should be evaluated in these CSOM patients and further studies should be conducted to better understand the potential link between iron deficiency and CSOM.

A clinic-pathological research explored the significance of ascorbic acid and iron levels in serum and saliva in premalignant disorder patients at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), or OSMF, is a well-known, potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity. Monitoring OSMF widespread effects necessitate interventions in at-risk individuals, ideally before the disease becomes aggressive. Ascorbic acid and iron, for instance, are significant micronutrients in the pathogenesis of OSMF. This study aimed to investigate the significance of ascorbic acid and iron levels in serum and saliva in patients with premalignant disorder (OSMF) and to correlate variations in ascorbic acid and iron levels with histopathological grading. The present study was conducted on 195 patients over a period of 10 months. These patients were divided into two groups, Group I (n = 88, Control), Group II (n = 107, clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSMF). Serum and salivary ascorbic acid were analyzed by the dintrophenyl hydrazine method, whereas serum and salivary iron were analyzed by the dipyridyl method. Paired t-test and Fisher test were used to compare between the mean and to find the level of significance P value. The serum and salivary ascorbic acid levels consistently decreased with the progression of histopathological grading of OSMF. Serum and salivary iron levels were also decreased in OSMF patients, and it came as significant. Excess collagen synthesis during OSMF may have been promoted with ascorbic acid and iron. As a reason, serum and salivary monitoring may be significant in detecting and diagnosing OSMF early on.

Association between serum iron status and the risk of five bone and joint-related diseases: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

According to reports, iron status has been associated with the risk of bone and joint-related diseases. However, the exact role of iron status in the development of these conditions remains uncertain. We obtained genetic data on iron status, specifically serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), and transferrin, as well as data on five common bone and joint-related diseases (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis [RA], ankylosing spondylitis [AS], and gout) from independent genome-wide association studies involving individuals of European ancestry. Our primary approach for causal estimation utilized the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we applied complementary sensitivity analysis and conducted reverse causal analysis. Using the IVW method, we revealed a positive causal relationship between ferritin levels and the risk of osteoarthritis (OR [95% CI], 1.0114 [1.0021-1.0207]). Besides, we identified a protective causal relationship between serum iron levels and TSAT levels in the risk of RA (OR [95% CI] values of serum iron and TSAT were 0.9987 [0.9973-0.9999] and 0.9977 [0.9966-0.9987], respectively). Furthermore, we found a positive causal relationship between serum iron levels and the risk of AS (OR [95% CI], 1.0015 [1.0005-1.0026]). Regarding gout, both serum iron and TSAT showed a positive causal relationship (OR [95% CI] values of 1.3357 [1.0915-1.6345] and 1.2316 [1.0666-1.4221] for serum iron and TSAT, respectively), while transferrin exhibited a protective causal relationship (OR [95% CI], 0.8563 [0.7802-0.9399]). Additionally, our reverse causal analysis revealed a negative correlation between RA and ferritin and TSAT levels (OR [95% CI] values of serum iron and TSAT were 0.0407 [0.0034-0.4814] and 0.0049 [0.0002-0.1454], respectively), along with a positive correlation with transferrin (OR [95% CI], 853.7592 [20.7108-35194.4325]). To ensure the validity of our findings, we replicated the results through sensitivity analysis during the validation process. Our study demonstrated a significant correlation between iron status and bone and joint-related diseases.

Roxadustat on Renal Anemia with Macroinflammation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Roxadustat, the first-in-class drug for the treatment of renal anemia, has demonstrated efficacy in renal anemia with microinflammation. Additional data are needed regarding the efficacy of roxadustat on renal anemia with systemic macroinflammation. Methods: Three cohorts of renal anemia based on the basic level of high-sensitivity CRP were included. Patients with hsCRP ≤2 mg/L were selected as non-inflammation (NI) group; 2< hsCRP ≤10 mg/L as microinflammation (MI) group; hsCRP≥10 mg/L as macroinflammation (MA) group. Patients received oral roxadustat three times per week for 52 weeks. The primary end point was the hemoglobin level over weeks 12–52. The second end point was the cumulative proportion of patients achieving hemoglobin response by the end of week 12. Results: A total of 107 patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) were enrolled. Overall, the baseline hemoglobin level of patients was 79.99 ± 11.20 g/L. Roxadustat could significantly increase the hemoglobin level in all of the three groups and did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, compared with that of the NI group, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin response rate in the MA group both at week 12 (p = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9531–13.75) and week 52 (p = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.5080–7.937). Moreover, the hemoglobin response was independent of baseline hsCRP level (p = 0.72, 95% CI, −0.1139 to 0.0794). More importantly, roxadustat significantly reduced ferritin and serum iron levels and increased total iron-binding capacity in the three groups, which showed no significant differences among the three groups (p > 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Roxadustat significantly improves anemia in CKD patients with systemic macroinflammation.

Evaluation of the influence of pre-analytical factors on serum iron levels, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation index and ferritin

Evaluation of the influence of pre-analytical factors on serum iron levels, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation index and ferritin

Relationship between iron homeostasis and prognosis in patients with heart failure: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database.

The role of iron homeostasis has become increasingly recognized as a key factor in determining a prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). Disruptions in iron balance, encompassing deficiency and overload, can affect patient prognosis, and therefore, significantly impact treatment and management strategies. The study investigated possible associations between iron homeostasis-related indicators and long‑term mortality as well as first‑admission mortality in individuals with HF. Data on 3483 HF patients from the MIMIC‑IV database were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between iron homeostasis-related indicators (ferritin, serum iron, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity [TIBC]) and the first-admission and long-term mortality of HF patients was discerned utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Additionally, the predictive capability of these indicators for patient prognosis was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Fourth quartile levels of ferritin and serum iron were obviously associated with poor long‑term outcomes in HF patients. Conversely, fourth quartile levels of transferrin and TIBC served as protective factors and were associated with a lower mortality. Additionally, iron homeostasis indicators exhibited a certain predictive value for both long‑term mortality and first‑admission mortality in HF patients. This study underscores a significant association between iron homeostasis indicators and the prognosis of HF patients, providing valuable insights into risk stratification and clinical decision‑making for this population. Future studies should focus on dynamic fluctuations in iron homeostasis and explore interventions to improve the prognosis of HF patients.

Сочетание синдрома Жильбера и гемохроматоза у пациентки с цитолизом и гипербилирубинемией

Aim. To present a clinical case of the combination of Gilbert's syndrome and primary hemochromatosis. Key points. The article presents a clinical example demonstrating the complexity of diagnosing diseases caused by genetic polymorphism. Examination of the patient revealed impaired liver function, elevated levels of hemoglobin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation with iron, which led to suspicion of Gilbert's syndrome and primary hemochromatosis. These diagnoses were confirmed by genetic testing. Conclusion. Diagnosis of the causes of liver damage requires first and foremost exclusion of the most likely ones, but it is important to keep in mind the possibility of continuing the search for the causes of the disease using specific diagnostic methods. Keywords: Gilbert's syndrome, hereditary hemochromatosis, cytolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, hepatitis.

Interaction between systemic iron parameters and left ventricular structure and function in the preserved ejection fraction population: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure (HF) are correlated with iron status; however, the causality is uncertain. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction population. Transferrin saturation (TSAT), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association studies. Individuals without myocardial infarction history, HF, or LV ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% (n = 16,923) in the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study constituted the outcome dataset. The dataset included LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, LV mass (LVM), and LVM-to-end-diastolic volume ratio (LVMVR). We used a two-sample bidirectional MR study with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analysis method and estimation methods using different algorithms to improve the robustness of the results. In the IVW analysis, one standard deviation (SD) increased in TSAT significantly correlated with decreased LVMVR (β = -0.1365; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.2092 to -0.0638; P = 0.0002) after Bonferroni adjustment. Conversely, no significant relationships were observed between other iron and LV parameters. After Bonferroni correction, reverse MR analysis showed that one SD increase in LVEF significantly correlated with decreased TSAT (β = -0.0699; 95% CI: -0.1087 to -0.0311; P = 0.0004). No heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects evidence was observed in the analysis. We demonstrated a causal relationship between TSAT and LV remodeling and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.

Continuous training in young athletes decreases hepcidin secretion and is positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D and ferritin.

Iron deficiency is known to impair muscle function and reduce athletic performance, while vitamin D has been reported to induce iron deficiency. However, the mechanism underlying exercise-induced changes in iron metabolism and the involvement of vitamins in this mechanism are unclear. The present study examined changes in biological iron metabolism induced by continuous training and the effects of vitamin D on these changes. Diet, physical characteristics, and blood test data were collected from 23 female high school students in a dance club on the last day of each of a 2-month continuous training period and a 2-week complete rest periods. Serum hepcidin-25 levels were significantly lower during the training period than the rest period (p = 0.013), as were the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (all p < 0.001). Serum erythropoietin was significantly higher (p = 0.001) during the training period. Significant positive correlations were observed between 25(OH)D levels and serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation during the training period. Multiple regression analysis with serum 25(OH)D level as the dependent variable and serum ferritin and iron levels as independent variables during the training period revealed a significant association with serum ferritin. Continuous training may promote hemolysis and erythropoiesis, contributing to the suppression of hepcidin expression. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and iron in vivo may be closely related to metabolic changes induced by the exercise load.

The Modulation of Euglycemic Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreatic Secretions in Iron Deficiency

Objectives: The contribution of pancreatic secretions in iron metabolism has been elucidated, but the clinical outcomes of iron deficiency on pancreatic function are debatable. This study aimed to investigate the modulation of euglycemic endocrine and exocrine pancreatic excretions in response to variations in iron availability. Subjects and Methods: Serum levels of insulin, glucagon, insulin-to-glucagon ratio (IGR), and amylase were determined in 170 adult subjects with variable levels of serum iron. Results: Control (n = 46) and iron-deficient (n = 124) subjects had significant differences (p < 0.001) in their average levels of insulin (68.7 ± 0.5 vs. 100.0 ± 2.0 pmol/dL), glucagon (17.9 ± 0.6 vs. 10.8 ± 0.8 pmol/dL), IGR (4.0 ± 0.1 vs. 19.5 ± 2.1), and amylase (29.7 ± 0.9 vs. 17.5 ± 0.2). The upregulation of serum insulin levels increases proportionally and gradually to the extent of iron deficiency as compared to an abrupt downregulation of serum levels of glucagon and amylase. A significant association was observed between serum iron and IGR (r = −0.645, p < 0.001) and amylase levels (r = 0.653, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defines an excellent predictivity of the reduced serum iron level to discriminate subjects with upregulated IGR and amylase levels with area under curves of 0.938 and 0.905, respectively. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is associated with an adaptive modulation of euglycemic endocrine and exocrine secretions that is consistent with a status of insulin resistance.

An insight into the pathophysiology of mucormycosis: Lesson learnt during COVID pandemic

Mucormycosis, a lethal fungal infection caused by Rhizopus oryzae, has gained significant attention due to its association with the COVID-19 pandemic. The causal relationship between COVID-19 and mucormycosis is not yet fully understood. This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology of mucormycosis, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Mucormycosis primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and is commonly observed in diabetic patients with COVID-19 who receive high doses of corticosteroids. The most common presentation of mucormycosis in COVID-19 is rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment, including extensive surgical intervention and appropriate antifungal therapy, are crucial in preventing fatal complications. The global prevalence of mucormycosis varies widely, with a higher incidence in developing countries such as India. Diabetes mellitus remains the leading risk factor globally, while COVID-19 and corticosteroid therapy also predispose immunocompromised patients to mucormycosis. The impaired phagocytic activity in immunosuppressed individuals and the ability of Mucorales to acquire iron from the host play significant roles in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Endothelial damage and thrombosis, along with hyperglycemia, acidosis, and increased serum iron levels observed in COVID-19, contribute to the aggressive nature of mucormycosis in these patients. The review emphasizes the need for further research to establish a causal association between COVID-19, corticosteroid therapy, and mucormycosis, and highlights the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms to improve the management and outcomes of patients with this devastating fungal infection.

Effects of Thalidomide on Erythropoiesis and Iron Homeostasis in Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia.

Thalidomide is a therapeutic option for patients with β-thalassemia by increasing fetal hemoglobin and thereby reducing the requirement for blood transfusions. However, information on changes in erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis during thalidomide treatment is lacking. This study investigated the effects of thalidomide treatment on hematologic, erythropoietic, and ironstatus parameters in 22 patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT). Thalidomide significantly improved anemia endpoints, including increases in hemoglobin (p<0.001), red blood cells (p<0.001), and hematocrit (p<0.001), as well as reducing erythropoietin levels (p=0.033) and ameliorating erythropoiesis. Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced serum iron levels (p=0.018) and transferrin saturation (p=0.039) and increased serum transferrin levels (p=0.030). Thalidomide had no observed effect on serum ferritin or hepcidin, but changes in hepcidin (r=0.439, p=0.041) and serum iron (r=-0.536, p=0.010) were significantly correlated with hemoglobin increment. This comprehensive study indicates that thalidomide treatment can ameliorate erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis in patients with TDT, thus supporting the effectiveness of this drug.

Evaluation of Early Diagnosis via Some Blood Parameters in Alzheimer Type Dementia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Aim: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with cognitive loss, which does not have a curative treatment and a bloodbased&#x0D; biomarker to make a definitive diagnosis. There is a strong relationship between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Neutrophil-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte and monocyte-lymphocyte ratios are recommended parameters as inflammation markers.&#x0D; It was aimed to compare blood parameters and their ratios to each other in terms of their potential to provide early diagnosis in patients&#x0D; with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Material and Methods: 80 healthy controls, 47 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 45 Alzheimer's type dementia patients were included in this&#x0D; study. Various blood parameters and their ratios to each other were scanned. One way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests were used for&#x0D; statistical analysis.&#x0D; Results: Serum iron levels were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (53.21±29.28 μg/dL) and Alzheimer’s disease (61.26±21.69 μg/dL)&#x0D; groups compared to the control (76.96±30.99 μg/dL) (p=0.001). Lymphocyte numbers were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (1.94±0.79&#x0D; count.10³) and Alzheimer’s disease (1.84±0.68 count.10³) groups compared to the control (2.25±1.03 count.10³) (p=0.032). Monocytelymphocyte&#x0D; ratio were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (0.3±0.18) and Alzheimer’s disease (0.28±0.11) groups compared&#x0D; to the control (0.24±0.1) (p=0.039).&#x0D; Conclusion: The high monocyte-lymphocyte ratio can be considered as an indicator of systemic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease&#x0D; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, serum iron levels, lymphocyte numbers and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio as inflammation&#x0D; markers can be useful for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

Evaluation the Non enzymatic antioxidants in patients with β-thalassemia major among Iraqi patients

Background: β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is a major health problem in the world that forces patients to repeat blood transfusions. Frequent blood transfusions cause toxic iron overload. The association between serum iron levels and β-thalassemia major has been studied extensively in the literature. Several studies have evaluated the oxidant and antioxidant statuses of thalassemia patients. However, most studies have focused mainly on the enzymatic antioxidant and intermediate states and thus few data are available for non-enzymatic antioxidant like Coenzyme Q10. aim of study: To evaluate the concentration of some non- enzymatic antioxidant measurements like Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, uric acid, and bilirubin in the plasma of patients who suffered from beta – thalassemia major. Patients and Methods: Case- control study designed includes 90 participating (60 β-TM patients and 30 subjects as control groups). The age range of patients and control group was (15 - 40 years). This study was conducted in Teaching Baghdad Hospital - Baghdad and Al-Karama Hospital during the period from December 2022 to March 2023. Results: The mean of serum Coenzyme Q10 was (3.55 ± 1.62 and 2.02 ± 0.88 ng/ml) in β-TM patients and control group respectively. The results reveled that the mean of vitamin C was (6.85 ± 3.0 and 12.23 ± 2.99 ng/ml) in β-TM and control group respectively. Also, the results shows that the mean of Vitamin E was (2.29 ± 1.69 and 7.25 ± 2.79 ng/ml) in β-TM patients and control respectively. Also, the results reveled that mean of uric acid was (3.62 ± 1.34 and 3.86 ± 1.48 mg/dl) in β-TM patients and control group respectively. The level of bilirubin was (1.99 ± 1.25 and 0.65 ± 0.6 mg/dl) in patients and control group respectively. Also, the result shows there was a significant correlation between Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin C ((r=0.280, p=0.030) and non-significant correlation between Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E (r=0.084, p=0.522). Conclusion: This study shows there were lower antioxidant capacities as demonstrated by the results in patients with β-TM patients in comparison with control group.

Potential Association of Serum Hepcidin, hs-CRP and Iron Status Levels in Hemodialytic Patients

Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are usually anemic because of defective erythropoiesis. Hepcidin is a polypeptide that regulates iron homeostasis and could indicate functional iron deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD); this may also aid in assessing a patient's response to erythropoietin (EPO). The present study was directed to investigate serum levels of hepcidin, iron status, and inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with ESRD on maintenance HD and to observe the correlation of serum hepcidin with conventional iron and inflammatory markers. Forty-two patients of both sexes on maintenance HD and EPO therapy were enrolled; 42 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included as controls. Laboratory tests were performed, including complete blood count, serum hepcidin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, serum iron, and CRP. Serum hepcidin levels were significantly higher in patients with ESRD than in the control group (18.2 \(\pm\) 2.8 ng/mL and 8.5 \(\pm\) 2.3 ng/mL, respectively P = 0.000). The hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation levels in the patient group were significantly lower than in the control group. Higher hepcidin levels were found in EPO non-responders (19.6 (\pm) 2.4 ng/mL), while lower levels (16.9 \(\pm\) 2.5 ng/mL) were seen in responders (P = 0.001). A positive and significant correlation was observed between the values of serum hepcidin and CRP. Our study indicates that higher hepcidin levels are found in ESRD patients on HD and in those not responding to EPO. Our findings suggest that hepcidin might play a role in the pathophysiology of anemia associated with chronic diseases and EPO resistance.

FREQUENCY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES

Febrile seizures are a common neurological condition in young children, affecting around 2-5% of those under the age of 5 worldwide. Although they are usually harmless and resolve independently, they can cause significant distress for parents and caregivers. A recent study aimed to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with febrile seizures to determine whether iron status has an impact on these seizures. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, between January 2022 and January 2023. The study included 115 children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years who had experienced febrile seizures. Detailed clinical histories and blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, and complete blood counts. The children were divided into two groups based on their iron deficiency anemia status. The study found that 34.8% of the 115 participants had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and the remaining 65.2% did not have IDA. The IDA group had significantly lower hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin levels than the non-IDA group. The average hemoglobin concentration in the IDA group was 9.8 g/dL, while it was 11.2 g/dL in the non-IDA group. The study suggests that a significant percentage of children who experience febrile seizures may also have iron deficiency anemia. This information can be helpful for healthcare providers in managing and treating these children.

Evaluation of the martial status of the mother-child pairs in the delivery room at the Libreville mother-child university hospital in 2023

Introduction: iron deficiency is responsible for serious neurodevelopmental disorders in newborns. Our objective was to study the martial status of the mother-child couple in the birth room of the CHUME-FJE. Patients and methods: prospective cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out from November 2022 to January 2023 at the CHUME-FJE including 150 pregnant women carrying a full-term, single pregnancy, without any sign of infection and their newborns who were to be born by vaginal route with good adaptation to extrauterine life. The iron metabolism was assessed by measuring serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and his biological consequence was appreciated by haemoglobin level. Results: 14.6% (n=22) of parturients had an insufficient iron reserve and 36.0% (n=54) had anemia, the mild stage of which represented 63.0% of cases. Among these anemic parturients, 18.5% had an insufficient iron reserve. In newborns, an iron reserve was insufficient in 8.0% (n=12) of cases and 30.7% (n=46) had anemia. Regular iron intake significantly improved maternal reserve (p=0.03). This positive influence of iron on the maternal martial reserve had not been observed on the martial reserve of their newborns (p=0.56). The increase in hemoglobin and serum iron levels of newborns were associated with the increase in hemoglobin (r= 0.05, p=0.0001) and serum iron levels of their mothers (r= 0.452, p=0.0001). Conclusion: the rate of iron deficiency in the mother-child couple is considerable and challenges. This suggests a real intervention in the population of pregnant women.

Indexes of ferroptosis and iron metabolism were associated with the severity of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

To explore the correlations between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and serum levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), iron, transferrin (Tf), and ferritin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). According to the urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels, a total of 123 patients with T2DM were separately divided into normoalbuminuria (NO), microalbuminuria (MI), macroalbuminuria (MA) groups, and G1 (eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min), G2 (eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min to < 90 mL/min), and G3 groups (eGFR< 60 mL/min), with 33 healthy participants as the control (HC). The differences in serum GPX4, ACSL4, iron, Tf, and ferritin levels between groups were compared, and the relationships between these levels were analysed. The independent correlations between UAER or DN severity and serum GPX4, ACSL4, iron, Tf, and ferritin levels were analysed by multiple linear and multinomial logistic regression, respectively. To the patients with T2DM, with the increase in UAER levels, GPX4, iron, and Tf levels gradually decreased, whereas ACSL4 levels increased, meanwhile with the decrease in eGFR levels, GPX4 and Tf levels gradually decreased, whereas ACSL4 levels increased. UAER were independently and positively correlated with ACSL4 [β = 17.53, 95% confidence interval (CI; 11.94, 23.13)] and negatively correlated with GPX4 [β = -1.633, 95% CI (-2.77, -0.496)] and Tf [β = -52.94, 95% CI (-95.78, -10.11)].The NO and MI groups were considered as reference groups, respectively. The severity of DN was negatively correlated with serum GPX4 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.925 and 0.902, p =0.015 and 0.001], and Tf (OR = 0.109 and 0.119, p =0.043 and 0.034), and positively correlated with ACSL4 (OR = 1.952 and 1.865, both p <0.001) in the MA group. DN severity was negatively correlated with serum GPX4 and Tf levels and positively correlated with serum ACSL4 levels in patients with T2DM.

Correlation between serum iron levels and pulmonary function: A cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES database 5319 cases.

Pulmonary function, one of the main indicators of respiratory system assessment, is difficult to measure in specific cases. The study investigated the association between serum iron levels and pulmonary function. The cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 5319 participants from the 2010-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC were used as indicators of pulmonary function to analyze the relationship of serum iron and pulmonary function. Univariate and stratified analyses, multiple equation regression analysis, smoothed curve fitting analysis, and threshold effect analysis were performed to explore the relationship between pulmonary function and serum iron concentrations. Threshold effect analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between serum iron levels and FVC, as well as FEV1, with inflection points observed at 8.1 (µmol/L) and 8.4 (µmol/L), respectively. When serum iron concentrations fell below the inflection point, there was no statistically significant relationship between serum iron and FVC (P = .065) or FEV1 (P = .095) (P > .005). However, when serum iron concentrations exceeded the inflection point, both FVC (β = 6.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.95, 9.79; P < .0001) and FEV1 (β = 7.09; 95% CI = 4.54, 9.64; P < .0001) exhibited a positive correlation with increasing serum iron levels. Additionally, forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC (mL/s) demonstrated a positive association with serum iron (β = 6.72; 95% CI = 2.30, 11.13; P = .0029). Serum iron level was positively correlated with pulmonary function within a certain range of serum iron concentration. Serum iron level may be a protective factor for pulmonary function.