Evaluation of Early Diagnosis via Some Blood Parameters in Alzheimer Type Dementia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Aim: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with cognitive loss, which does not have a curative treatment and a bloodbased
 biomarker to make a definitive diagnosis. There is a strong relationship between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Neutrophil-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte and monocyte-lymphocyte ratios are recommended parameters as inflammation markers.
 It was aimed to compare blood parameters and their ratios to each other in terms of their potential to provide early diagnosis in patients
 with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Material and Methods: 80 healthy controls, 47 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 45 Alzheimer's type dementia patients were included in this
 study. Various blood parameters and their ratios to each other were scanned. One way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests were used for
 statistical analysis.
 Results: Serum iron levels were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (53.21±29.28 μg/dL) and Alzheimer’s disease (61.26±21.69 μg/dL)
 groups compared to the control (76.96±30.99 μg/dL) (p=0.001). Lymphocyte numbers were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (1.94±0.79
 count.10³) and Alzheimer’s disease (1.84±0.68 count.10³) groups compared to the control (2.25±1.03 count.10³) (p=0.032). Monocytelymphocyte
 ratio were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (0.3±0.18) and Alzheimer’s disease (0.28±0.11) groups compared
 to the control (0.24±0.1) (p=0.039).
 Conclusion: The high monocyte-lymphocyte ratio can be considered as an indicator of systemic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease
 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, serum iron levels, lymphocyte numbers and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio as inflammation
 markers can be useful for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease