Level Of Scientific Research Research Articles

The suitability of skilled talent training in higher vocational colleges based on AI and 5G network connection in the context of educational transformation and upgrading

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G network technology has changed the production and lifestyle of people. AI also has promoted the transformation of talent training mode under the integration of college industry and education. In the context of the current transformation of education, AI and 5G networks are increasingly used in the education industry. This paper optimizes and upgrades the training mode of skilled talents in higher vocational colleges by using its advanced methods and technologies of information display. This means is helpful to analyze and solve a series of objective problems such as the single training form of the current talent training mode. This paper utilizes the principles and laws of industry university research (IUR) collaboration for reference to construct and optimize the talent training mode based on the analysis of the requirements of talent training and the role of each subject in talent training. Then, the ecological talent training environment can be realized. In the analysis of talent training mode under the cooperation of production and education, the correlation coefficients of network construction, environment construction, scientific research funds, scientific research level, and policy support were 0.618, 0.576, 0.493, 0.785, and 0.451, respectively. This showed that the scientific research level had the greatest impact on talent training in the talent training mode of IUR collaboration, while policy support had less impact on talent training compared with other factors. The combination of AI and 5G network technology with the talent training mode of IUR cooperation can effectively analyze the influencing factors and problems of the talent training mode. The hybrid method is of great significance to the talent training strategy and fitting degree.

Reflections on Teachers’ Professional Ethics in Colleges and Universities

Teachers in colleges and universities are the nurturers of the core talents of the country. Teachers’ comprehensive quality levels in colleges and universities fundamentally determine the quality of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, the level of scientific research, and the contribution to society. Based on moral cultivation and teachers’ professional moral cultivation, this paper discusses the problems in the professional moral cultivation of college teachers and the measures to improve the professional moral cultivation of college teachers.

Investigating the Influence of Microplastics on Marine Biodiversity and Human Health

The main environmental and public health concerns have been the plastic particles that are smaller than 5 millimeters in size. This study paper will therefore investigate how microplastics originate, their prevalence, and the impacts on marine biodiversity and human health. It categorizes microplastics as either primary or secondary in nature, thus explaining their origin from intentional consumer product usage and from the degradation of larger plastic debris. It is estimated that 51 trillion microplastic particles mar the marine ecosystems and endanger organisms as small as plankton and as large as mammals. This ingestion of microplastics can lead to blockages, deficiencies in nutrients, and toxicological effects in the marine species that the impacts of their bioaccumulation and biomagnifications would increase in the food chain for human health. Evidence says microplastics have been present in seafood and drinking water, and even in human tissues, and the potential for such health problems of inflammation, oxidative stress, or chronic problems long term. This paper underlines the critical level of scientific research to full understanding of the impacts that microplastics will have on the environment and health. It also underlines strong policy interventions focusing on reducing plastic production and consumption, improving waste management, and enhancing public awareness. Through such synthesis and combined efforts across sectors, we could ease this overall threat through microplastic pollution together to protect marine ecosystems as well as public health for generations to come.

Abstract C099: Genetic ancestry specific loss of heterozygosity of essential genes as therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer

Abstract Barriers in access to clinical care among under-served populations in combination with a vast underrepresentation at a scientific research level perpetuate inequalities in cancer treatment. These disparities are further disseminated due to the lack of understanding underlying genomic differences contributing to cancer outcome among these patients. The contributions of germline and somatic variations in cancer often shape treatment regimens, and these variations are not well investigated in non-European populations. We have described a class of potential therapeutic targets (GEMINI genes) that reflect a combination of germline alterations with somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH). GEMINI genes are essential genes with frequent germline polymorphisms, whose frequency varies by ancestry. Indeed, because genomes of African ancestry tend to be the most diverse, many GEMINI genes are the most polymorphic in this patient population. When normal cells are heterozygous, LOH leaves cancer cells reliant on the gene products encoded by a single allele, where as healthy cells retain both copies. LOH is a common genetic event, often affecting over 20% of the genome in certain cancers, making this approach widely useful. Targeting GEMINI vulnerabilities opens up possibilities for allele-specific inhibitors or degrader therapeutics that can be catered in an ancestry-dependent manner, to ameliorate inequities in cancer genomics research. One approach to readily target individual alleles is to utilize nucleic acid-based methods, as we’ve previously demonstrated using PRIM1. This therapeutic is expected to be the most specific when targeting polymorphisms that create the greatest differences between alleles. Here, we have prioritized a set of GEMINI targets based upon the extent of differences between alleles, and rates of heterozygosity and LOH across populations. Our initial analysis of TCGA data identified 5664 variants in 1278 essential genes that undergo LOH in cancer. We filtered GEMINI vulnerabilities by means of insertion-deletion (indel) difference of the alternate allele compared to the reference allele, followed by sorting based off maximum allele frequency by genetic ancestry. Here, we identify 31 variants across 23 genes enriched in African ancestry, 7 variants across 7 genes enriched in American ancestry, 12 variants across 12 genes enriched in East Asian ancestry, 4 variants enriched in 4 genes in South Asian ancestry, and 3 variants enriched in 3 genes in European ancestry. In addition, each of these ancestry-specific GEMINI genes exhibit a minimum 10% pan-cancer LOH rate, with the highest LOH frequencies observed in ovarian and kidney chromophobe cancers. As both these cancers exhibit disparities in mortality at a population level, targeting GEMINI genes as a therapeutic strategy may aid in lessening the disproportionate rate of outcome resultant of these cancers. Overall, we identify novel GEMINI genes to assess ancestry-specific genomic variations to serve as targets for precision treatment specific to underserved patient populations. Citation Format: Nicole Peiris, Catherine Hazard, Charlotte E. Farquhar, Andrei Loas, Bradley L. Pentelute, Rameen Beroukhim. Genetic ancestry specific loss of heterozygosity of essential genes as therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C099.

THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF STUDENT AND FACULTY TRENDS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TAMANRASSET

Purpose: This article studies and analyzes the role of the university in achieving the goals of sustainable development, by revealing the orientations of students and faculty members of the University of Tamanrasset regarding the contribution of higher education and scientific research activities to the economic, social and environmental development of Tamanrasset region and the challenges that prevent the university from performing its functions in the best possible way, in addition to presenting proposals that would contribute to the integration of the university into its local and national environment and keeping pace with changes at the global level. Methodology: The descriptive approach was adopted in this study, where descriptive indicators of educational activity and scientific publications of professors and students of Tamanghasset University that serve the goals of sustainable development were analyzed. The study also used the questionnaire tool to arrive at a standard model that helps in accurately interpreting the results obtained through various statistical data. Results: The results indicate the importance of the university's functions in achieving the sustainable development goals, as the correlation coefficient between them reached 0.7, with an emphasis on the greater impact of scientific research compared to higher education. The results also showed that the level of university education and scientific research is still modest at the University of Tamanrasset, which was reflected in its performance in achieving the sustainable development goals due to several reasons, the most prominent of which were the weakness of educational programs and curricula and the absence of incentives for individual and collective initiatives related to finding solutions to economic, social and environmental issues in the region. Practical Implications: The study suggests that the university should support university education for sustainable development by undertaking specific activities that translate into the university’s work and its relations with the environment, and that educational programs and curricula should take into account labor market expectations and social and economic challenges, in addition to stimulating and valuing scientific research to solve issues with a local dimension and supporting individual and collective initiatives related to the environment through scientific clubs and student organizations to spread environmental awareness among students. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a detailed analysis of the role of the university in achieving the sustainable development goals, which have become a topic of increasing interest due to the environmental challenges facing the world in recent years. The unique focus of the study on the University of Tamanrasset provides valuable insights and recommendations for valuing the outcomes of higher education and scientific research in Algeria in general and in the Tamanrasset region in particular to support sustainable development.

Construction of University Teaching and Academic Community from the Perspective of Digital Transformation

Under the background of digital transformation, the construction of the university teaching and academic community is of great significance for promoting educational innovation and improving the quality of talent training. By strengthening the construction of digital infrastructure, promoting the professional development of teachers, constructing a digital learning platform, and establishing a scientific research cooperation mechanism, an effective university teaching and academic community can be built. This will help promote exchanges and cooperation between teachers and students, improve teaching quality and scientific research level, and cultivate more talents with innovative and practical abilities for society.

The problems and prospects of import substitution in medical industry

The achievement of economic sustainability and assurance of national security through activation of production sectors, medical industry in particular, is the integral component of successful strategy of state development. The importance of achieving autonomy in production of medical technique is targeted to reducing dependence of external factors, ensuring continuity of supply of critically important equipment and increasing level of technical characteristics of production. Besides it, expansion of medical production positively impact on innovative development, organization of new work places and level of scientific research in this industry. The development of national medical industry contributes to improvement of quality of medical care that directly affect population health. The necessity to maintain stability of health care through import substitution of medical products is indisputable fact in modern conditions, determined by strategically important direction from national security point of view. The article considers measures within the framework of import substitution plan in medical industry of the Russian Federation for period up to 2024. The analysis of volume of national production of medical equipment in dynamics over 5 years was carried out. The main problems of production of medical devices at the present stage were considered. The measures of state support targeted to development of national production of medical equipment and innovative medical technologies were discussed.

The impact of green finance on the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry: An empirical study based on data from 30 provinces in China

As the global environmental pollution problem has received more attention, low-carbon development has become mainstream, and replacing fossil-fuel energy with new energy has become a general trend. Green finance, an important measure for promoting low-carbon development, is critical to the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry. Using China's provincial panel data from 2008 to 2021, we conducted an empirical analysis to explore the impact of green finance on the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry. We found the following: (1) Nationally, green finance promoted the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry. (2) The mechanism test results show that green finance promoted the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry by improving the level of scientific and technological research as well as reducing the corporate financing cost. (3) Regionally, green finance could significantly promote the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry in energy-rich regions, while the impact was not significant in energy-poor regions. (4) Green finance significantly promoted the development of the non-hydro renewable energy industry in the inland region, while the impact was not significant in the coastal region. (5) Green finance promoted the development of wind power generation more than it did photovoltaic generation. Based on the findings, the non-hydro renewable energy industry in various regions should be developed according to local conditions, giving full play to the promotional role of green finance.

Construction of Virtual Reality Rail Transit Simulation System

In order to enhance the quality of professional technology research and development and personnel training in rail transit, this study constructed a virtual reality rail transit simulation system, including the data input and processing of vehicle driving environment, vehicle structure and station scene data, as well as three-dimensional modeling and data storage. The data is stored in the Internet cloud server, which increases the accessibility and sharing of the data, and the rail transit simulation can be realized by calling the three-dimensional model in the cloud server. This efficient and convenient virtual reality content development tool helps to improve the level of scientific research and development and the quality of talent training in rail transit, it will also be the inevitable trend of the development of rail transit industry in the new era.

Hospital Medical Behaviour Supervision and Operational Efficiency Evaluation Method based based on Big Data Platform

The application of cloud computing and big data core technologies and concepts to medical informatization can improve its flexibility and efficiency, and achieve the overall deployment and intensive management of the system. In the era of big data, the use of information management platform can optimize and standardize clinical diagnosis and treatment process, improve the quality and efficiency of diagnosis and treatment services, and improve the quality and level of scientific research, which meets the requirements of medical reform for fine management of hospitals and precise medical treatment in the era of evidence-based medicine. This paper introduces the development and application of big data analysis in the field of information technology. Through the research on the supervision of hospital medical service behavior, the top-level design is used to standardize the content of medical behavior supervision, and the effectiveness of supervision is discussed to achieve the purpose of reducing clinical paperwork. Based on the needs, the medical service behavior supervision system is proposed and constructed. Strengthen hospital medical behavior supervision through hospital big data analysis and knowledge base system support. This system can provide management with an effective monitoring and management tool, enabling them to promptly identify and solve problems that arise in medical services. By analyzing a large amount of medical data, hospitals can help predict the trend of disease occurrence in advance, thereby taking preventive and control measures in advance, and reducing the occurrence and spread of diseases. Through deep learning and analysis of patient data, personalized treatment plans can be provided for each patient to improve treatment effectiveness.

Reflections on the connotative development strategies of private undergraduate colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province

This article takes the strategy of strengthening the province through science and education as the background, discusses the strategic choice of connotative development of private undergraduate colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province, introduces the importance of the strategy of strengthening the province through science and education and the development status of private undergraduate colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province, and analyzes the connotation of connotative development. and its importance in higher education. Then it explains the strategic choices for the connotative development of private undergraduate universities in Jiangxi Province from the aspects of subject setting, teaching quality, scientific research level, teaching staff, school-enterprise cooperation, etc., and proposes the strategic choices for private undergraduate universities in Jiangxi Province The implementation guarantee of connotative development contributes to the strength of private undergraduate education in Jiangxi to make the province strong in science and education.

Assessment of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among physiotherapists in Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundEvidence-Based Practice (EBP) is reported to ease effective and adequate decision making for all works of life including health professionals. Investigating the level of implementation of EBP among physiotherapists helps to identify barriers and propose solutions for its extensive implementation. Despite available data on EBP elsewhere, it remains limited or non-existent in Cameroon. This study was designed to establish the current state of EBP among physiotherapists in Cameroon, by assessing knowledge, practice, and barriers to its implementation.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted online among French- and English-speaking physiotherapists in Cameroon over a period of six months from April to July 2023, using the EBP2 questionnaire. This enabled us to collect socio-demographic data from participants and information on their knowledge, understanding and practice of EBP and possible barriers to EBP according to 5 domains (Confidence, Relevance, Terminology, Practice, Compatibility) scored out of 100. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 25.0 software and Pearson correlations (95% CI) and significance (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 110 physiotherapists practising in the 10 regions of Cameroon participated in the study. The majority were male (54.5%), the median age was 34 years (age range 20 to 50), the median year of graduation was 2019 (range 2004 to max 2022) with 72.7% never having knowledge or training in EBP. Participants scored below 50/100 for 3 domains (confidence, relevance, and compatibility) showing poor general knowledge and understanding of EBP, although they generally had a positive attitude towards EBP. The use of EBP in practice was low (26.3/100 SD. 6.5), despite that they appeared to have a good understanding of research terminology (55.4 SD. 17.2). Level of study of participants did not appear to significantly influence domain scores (P > 0.05). The main barriers to practice were lack of time (75.1%), workload (66%), cost of access to information resources like databases for seek informations about recent support protocols (60%), ease of access to computers (49%), and lack of resources or skills (49%).ConclusionPhysiotherapists in Cameroon have a poor knowledge of EBP and a low level of practice of EBP, despite an overall positive attitude towards it. These results could inform stakeholders of higher education on the need to improve training of physiotherapy students in the domain of EBP in Physiotherapy. Also, it will help in raising the level of scientific research and promoting the implementation of EBP in Cameroon.

A Performance Prediction Method for Talent Team Building Based on Integrated ISA-BP Neural Networks

INTRODCTION: Objective, accurate and fair development of research and effective performance prediction methodology for the construction of the talent team is the current needs of the new era of innovation and reform and development of university management, as well as the need to improve the quality of scientific research and teaching level of the talent team.OBJCTIVES: To address the problems of irrational principle of indicator selection, incomplete system and imprecise methodology in the current research on performance prediction of talent team building.METHODS:This paper proposes a talent team construction performance prediction method based on intelligent optimization algorithm improving neural network with integrated learning as the framework. First of all, through the analysis of the current talent team construction performance prediction influencing factors selection principles, analyze the talent team construction performance management process, select the talent team construction performance prediction influencing factors, and construct the talent team construction performance analysis system; then, with the integrated learning as a framework, improve the neural network through the internal search optimization algorithm to construct the talent team construction performance prediction model; finally, through the simulation experiments to analyze and verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. The effective type and superiority of the proposed method are verified.RESULTS: The results show that the proposed method satisfies the real-time requirements while improving the prediction accuracy.CONCLUSION: This paper addresses the lack of precision in forecasting the performance of the talent pipeline and the lack of a sound analytical system.

Análise visual da pesquisa chinesa e internacional de adubo verde com base na bibliometria

ABSTRACT: To investigate the development and dynamics of green manure research, we collected 802 and 4588 papers on green manure research from China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WoS) between 1992 and 2021, respectively, and conducted quantitative and visual analyses based on bibliometric methods on the annual number of publications, authors and institutions, keywords, and emergent words. The main research hotspots in the field of green manure are discussed and summarized based on the results of the visualization analysis and the important publications explored by the results of the visualization analysis. The results showed that: the overall number of publications on green manure research exhibits an increasing trend, and research in this field is receiving more and more attention; the United States is the core country in this research field, with a great influence; although, the number of Chinese publications is large, the intermediary centrality value is small and the level of scientific research needs to be improved; the research characteristics in the field of green manure research mainly focus on green manure cultivation technology, the effects on soil and crops, and the effects on pests and diseases. The study was conducted based on CiteSpace, a visualization tool of bibliometrics, with comprehensive literature information and intuitive results, providing important references for relevant researchers to understand the extent of research in this field, academic communication, and grasp research dynamics.

Measuring and Analyzing the Resilience of China’s Coastal Marine Economy

Abstract Marine economic resilience can reflect the stability and health of the marine economic system and plays an important role in guiding regional marine economic development. Starting from the formation mechanism of marine economic toughness, the article establishes a marine economic toughness evaluation index system, selects marine economic data from 11 coastal regions from 2012 to 2022 as the research object, adopts the CRITIC-entropy weight method to solve the index weights, and measures the marine economic toughness using the TOPSIS model We introduce the kernel density estimation to explore the spatio-temporal evolution trend of marine economic toughness, use the barrier diagnostic factor to study the barrier degree of marine economic toughness and combine it with the OLS regression to analyze the influencing factors of marine economic toughness. In 2012-2022, Guangdong’s marine economic toughness score was 0.377, which is 2.25 times higher than that of Guangxi. Furthermore, various regions’ marine economic toughness shows a yearly upward trend. The kernel density curve of marine economic toughness is broad peak—sharp peak—broad peak; the obstacle factor of marine economic toughness is mainly adaptive capacity and renewal capacity; its obstacle degree is 0.383 and 0.374, respectively; and the marine economic toughness of the sea area will increase by 0.238% when the level of marine scientific research is increased by 1%. Optimizing the policy system and embracing technological innovation are inevitable choices to enhance the marine economy’s resilience in coastal areas.

Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiorenal syndrome (2023 Edition)

The guideline was co-authored by a working group composed of multidisciplinary experts in nephrology, cardiology, critical care medicine, and evidence-based medicine. It focused on eight clinical issues concerning prediction, diagnosis and assessment of cardiorenal syndrome, prevention, treatment of drugs and their selection, mechanical circulatory support and blood purification therapy, heart and/or kidney transplantation, treatment of major complications, multidisciplinary combination therapy, and special diagnosis and treatment in children and pregnant women, mainly based on evidence-based evidence of cardiorenal syndrome, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Meanwhile, the domestic and foreign clinical guidelines in related fields were referenced to put forward recommendations. The present guideline aims to guide and standardize the clinical practice of diagnosis, prevention, treatment and management of cardiorenal syndrome, promote the development of clinical trials, and improve the level of prevention, treatment and scientific research.

The Impact of Scientific Research Level on Financing for High-tech Enterprises in China: Machine Learning Analysis Based on the STAR Market

Amid the prevailing trend of technological supremacy, the scientific research level plays a pivotal role in elevating economic growth and national comprehensive strength. As crucial forces propelling industrial advancement and economic expansion, high-tech companies share an intricate relationship between scientific research level and enterprise strengths. This study delves into the influence of research level on the financing capacity of enterprises in the STAR market. It employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) techniques to analyze data between 2019 and 2022. The findings underscore that patent research capabilities and research investment intensity are key factors impacting financing capacity. Specifically, patent quantity exhibits a negative correlation with Asset-liability ratio (ALR), while research investment intensity shows a positive correlation. On the other hand, patent quantity correlates positively with commercial credit financing (CCF) capacity, whereas the proportion of research personnel correlates negatively. The GBRT analysis further validates the significant impact which patent quantity and research investment have on financing capacity. This suggests that high-tech companies should focus on enhancing research efficiency and the proportion of research personnel, while also carefully considering the degree of emphasis on innovation. These measures can balance CCF and debt ratio considerations. The study provides essential decision-making insights for managers and investors of technology-driven firms, emphasizing the significance of technological innovation in business development. Also, it offers guidance for optimizing corporate development and personnel structures in the technology and innovation sectors.

Analysis of factors affecting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities based on structural equation modeling

Abstract Based on structural equation modeling, this paper measures and evaluates the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities in terms of implicit and explicit variables. The PLS algorithm is used to measure the intrinsic factor, which is designed to follow the Gaussian distribution and reach the expected value through iterative loops. The indicators and parameters of the explicit variables are evaluated by combining the principal component analysis and the great likelihood method. According to the results, the factors that are influenced by the policy environment account for 16.5%, while the problem of capital investment accounts for 36.3%. The number of invention patents increased by 8.93% after measuring and assessing them using the method presented in this paper. It demonstrates that universities can explore their technological achievements in depth and enhance their scientific research level.

Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils: recent progress, perspectives and challenges.

The life of all creatures is supported directly or indirectly by soil, which is a significant environmental matrix. The soil has been polluted partly due to increased human activities and population growth, releasing several foreign substances and persistent contaminants. When toxic substances like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are disposed of, the characteristics of the soil are changed, microbial biodiversity is impacted, and items are destroyed. Because of the mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons, the restoration and cleanup of PAH-polluted areas represent a severe technological and environmental challenge for long-term growth and development. Although there are several ways to clean up PAH-contaminated soils, much attention is paid to intriguing bacteria, fungus, and their enzymes. Various factors influence PAH breakdown, including pH, temperature, airflow, moisture level, nutrient availability, and degrading microbial populations. This review discusses how PAHs affect soil characteristics and shows that secondary metabolite and carbon dioxide decomposition are produced due to microbial breakdown processes. Furthermore, the advantages of bioremediation strategies were assessed for correct evaluation and considered dependable on each legislative and scientific research level, as analyzed in this review.

Regarding certain stages of the development of quantum chemistry in Russia: Experience from the Ya.K. Syrkin Department of Physical Chemistry of the M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies

Objectives. To analyze the history of the development of quantum chemistry and software for quantum chemical calculations in Russia at the Ya.K. Syrkin Department of Physical Chemistry of the M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of RTU MIREA.Results. This work presents a historical overview of the development of quantum chemistry at the Ya.K. Syrkin Department of Physical Chemistry from Academician Ya.K. Syrkin to Professor V.R. Flid. It provides a summary of the work with the participation of the author in 1980s–1990s. Quantum-chemical models used to describe some of the intercalation reactions in a bond are considered in comparison with the well-known Woodward–Hoffman and Fukui approaches. The work outlines fundamentals of studies on the design of bifunctional compounds.Conclusions. The physical significance of the exchange interaction constant is given a visual meaning: it establishes the change in spin density on the metals forming complexes of the type in question when passing from isolated cations in the composition of the complexes. The work provides recommendations to synthetic chemists regarding the selection of components in the synthesis of magnetic sublattices of bifunctional materials. It also examines the high level of scientific research carried out at the Ya.K. Syrkin Department of Physical Chemistry and its relevance to the world science level.