Levels Of Organic Fertilizer Research Articles

Morphological Response of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni to Organic Fertilizer and Proline

A field experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy - Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to testing the response of Stevia rebaudiana bertoni to spraying Organic fertilizer and Proline, three levels of Organic fertilizer (0mg, 50mg and 100mg) used, as well as three levels of Proline used (0mg, 100mg and 200mg). The results showed that the treatments sprayed with the Organic fertilizer (100mg) were significantly superior with the highest ratios of plant height, number of leaves per plant and leaf thickness, recorded (55.20cm) (729 leaf) (07370mm), respectively Whereas, the best ratios of the above characteristics were recorded when spraying with Proline, (87.04cm) (737 leaf) (07620mm) respectively. The highest rate of plant height, the number of leaves per plant, and the thickness of the leaf were recorded when the interaction between the experiment factors, where the highest rate was recorded at the interaction (100 mg Organic fertilizer and 200 mg Proline) the highest ratios were recorded (97.50cm) (789 leaf) (07740mm), respectively.

Effect of Chemical and Organic Fertilization and Aztobacter Chorocoocum inoculation in IAA Acid and Growth plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

This study was executed for the spring tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) for the year 2019 in a field within the Thuraya project-Qadisiyah Governorate, Mineral fertilizer NPK was used with three levels, organic fertilizer (composed poultry) with three levels, and a biological fertilizer consisting of Aztobacter chorocoocum bacteria after Than isolating and diagnosing them. The results of the treatment of half of the fertilizer recommendation in combination with the third level of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer gave results that do not differ significantly from the treatment of the full fertilizer recommendation in the above triple interference in soil and plant characteristics (IAA, average plant height), and this indicates the importance of the role of organic and biological fertilizers in Minimize mineral fertilizers.

The Effect of Bacterial R. liguminosarum and Fungal T. harzinum Inoculation and Organic Manure on Root Nodes, Growth, and Yield of Mung Bean, Vigna radiate

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the bacterial inoculum R. liguminosarum, T. harzinum, levels of organic fertilizer (0, 5, and 10) t ha−1, and their overlap the root nodes (number of root nodes and weight of root nodes) and the growth and yield of a local variety of mung bean ( Dry weight of root mass, leaf chlorophyll content and grain yield). A field experiment was conducted in the fall season of 2020 in one of the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate / Al-Daghara county. The experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R. C. B. D) with three replications. The results of the statistical analysis of the least significant difference (L. S. D.) present that the overlapping treatment (bacterial inoculum, fungal inoculum, and five t ha−1 organic fertilizer) resulted in the highest means: number of root nodes, root nodule weight, dry weight of root total, chlorophyll content in leaves and grain yield, (72.33) Knots.plants−1, (463) gm Plants−1, (1, 547) gm Plants−1, (59.14) SPAD, and (3, 531) t ha−1, respectively, by comparison with comparison treatment.

Effect of addition mineral, organic and bio-fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium concentration and protein of corn crop (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conduct in Agricultural Research Office fields / Al-Dibuni Research Station in Wasit-at spring season of 2020 in Clay Loam soil. The study aim effect of different fertilizers types in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium concentrations and protein content in corn. A Factorial Experiment Design was used, including three levels of phosphorous fertilizer DAP (0, 25, 50 KgP2O5ha-1) representing levels P0 P1 P2, two levels of organic fertilizer were 0, 4 ton ha−1 representing M0, M1 and two levels of bio fertilizer which were B0, B1 respectively, According to the RCBD design with three replications. Corn seeds class 106 (Zea mays L.) sowed in plots (2*2m2) at amount of (120 Kg seeds ha−1). The Results showed that mineral, organic and bio fertilizers addition individually affected significantly of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in dry matter, grains and protein content also, as the level P2, M1 and B1 was the best concentration compared to level P0, M0 and B0 respectively. Results showed the double interactions factors M1B1caused a significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentration in the dry matter, with increasing percentage 111.94, 161.53 and 85.44% in sequence compared with control treatment, and the same treatment M1B1 significantly affected the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the grains, with increasing percentage 120.91 and 86.36% respectively, Comparison with control treatment, also noticed M1B1 treatment had a significant effect on protein content, with an increase percentage 121.46% compared to control treatment. Results showed the triple interactions P2M1B1 achieved affected significantly in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in dry matter and grains, with increased percentage 142.86, 208.33 and 112.00%, respectively, compared with control treatment in dry matter, with increases of 145.33, 109.52 and 92.96% respectively compared with control treatment in grains. Results showed, that P2M1B1 treatment achieved affected significantly in protein content, with an increase percentage 144.68% compared to control treatment.

Effect of chemical and organic fertilization and Aztobacter chorocoocum inoculation on the bacterial biomass and yield of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

The tomato crop (Bride of Spring) 2019 was planted in a field within the Thurima project Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, and the mineral NPK fertilizer was used in three levels, organic fertilizer (composed poultry) with three levels and a biological fertilizer consisting of Aztobacter chorocoocum bacteria after that. Isolation and diagnosis of it on two levels. The results of the treatment of half the recommendation of compost in combination with the third level of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer gave results that do not differ significantly from the treatment of the recommendation of the full fertilizer in the above triple interaction in soil characteristics and plants (Total Bactiria, The productivity of one plant) This indicates the importance of the role of organic fertilizer Bio-reduction in mineral fertilizers.

Effect of Different Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was carried out in randomized block design, consists of seven treatments with three replications at Agricultural Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab during kharif season of year 2016. The combined application of FYM, vermicompost and chemical fertilizers (50% Recommended dose of NPK + 25% FYM + 25% Vermicompost) gives significantly higher results in growth parameters (plant height 238.47 cm, stem girth 12.3 cm, number of green leaves 15.33 and number of internodes 18.10) and yield attributes (1.33 cobs per plant, cob length 15.72 cm and 459 grains per cob) as well as yield (grain yield 5400 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of treatments as well as control.

Biomass and sugar production dynamics in sweet sorghum variety Roger

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a crop that is well known for its high production of biomass and sugars in the stem juice. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity of sweet sorghum ‘Roger’ based on the dynamics of sugar production and dry biomass by considering different production methods and plant phenological stages. The experimental design consisted of different tillage and fertilization methods established in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement. Tillage treatments were assigned to the plot using the three levels of minimum tillage, traditional tillage, and traditional tillage that included a subsoil operation. Fertilization treatments were assigned to the subplot using the three levels of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and without fertilizer. Data collection was performed at different plant phenological stages from anthesis to physiological maturity. Results showed that evaluated agronomic parameters depended on the phenological stage (P < 0.05) rather than the production methods (P > 0.05). Thus, the distribution and accumulation of sugar by stem internodes was associated with plant phenological components. The highest values of the concentration of total soluble solids (14.89%), juice sugar content (22.91 g), juice sugar concentration (527.46 mg g-1 DW), dry biomass (60.04%), and dry biomass yield (19.01 t ha-1) were observed at the physiological maturity stage of the plant.

Foliar nutritional content and apple fruit quality as affected by organic, conventional, or integrated management

This research aimed to compare two levels (medium and high) and three types of fertilization (organic, chemical, and integrated) in both foliar nutritional content and fruit quality of Golden Delicious apple variety. The foliar concentration of macro and micronutrients was affected neither by fertilization level nor fertilization type, with the exception of potassium which reached their highest concentration in the high level of chemical fertilization (T1-HC). Regarding the fruit quality attributes, results showed no statistical differences in weight, size, firmness, pH, and starch content between the level and type of fertilization. With the high level of organic fertilization, the best apple color was found, while the medium level of organic fertilization showed the highest concentration of both soluble solid content and total phenolic compounds. Thus, fertilization level had greater influence than the fertilization type. Results also showed that under organic fertilization management is possible obtaining a foliar nutritional content and fruits quality attributes similar to those treated with chemical fertilizers. Future studies must be carried out for elucidating the impact of long-term organic fertilization on the fruit quality and foliar nutritional content of other crops.

Influence of variety, organic and mineral fertilization on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cucumbers crop (Cucumis sativus L.)

The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture and the Marshlands / University of Thi-Qar, located in Al- Mustufawia for the agricultural season (2019-2020). The study was the effect of cultivar and organic and mineral fertilization on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cucumber crops grown in greenhouses, and applied according to the factorial experiments inside the split plots, using the complete randomized sectors with three replications. The factors of research were: two cultivars (Datis and Sakata) occupied the main plots, three levels of organic fertilization occupied the secondary plots which included control treatment O1, cow manure O2(2.457 tons of greenhouse-1) and poultry manure O3(3.713 tons of greenhouse-1) and the third factor was four levels of mineral fertilization (NPK) including control treatment M1, M2 (2.250 kg. dunam-1), M3 (3.350 kg. dunam-1), and M4 (4.450 kg. dunam-1) which occupied the sub-plots. The results showed that Datis cultivar significantly outperformed Sakata cultivar in yield per plant, total yield, leaf content of nitrogen and phosphorus, and fruit content of carbohydrates, reaching (1.402 kg. plant-1, 24.24 tons .greenhoues-1, 2.2517%, 0.4069%, 1.2876%) respectively. On the other hand, the treatment of organic fertilizer O3 recorded a significant effect in the following crop traits such as leaf area, total yield, leaf content of nitrogen and phosphorus, and fruit content of carbohydrate, reaching (178.0 cm2, 24.36 tons. greenhouse-1, 2.5017%, 0.4608%, 1.3561%). Respectively compared to other treatments, total yield, leaf content of nitrogen and phosphorus, reaching (180.1 cm2, 25.88 t. greenhoues-1, and 2.3478%, and 0.4561%) to other treatments. The treatment M2 significantly outperformed in yield per plant (1.682) kg. plant-1 and treatment M3 significantly exceeded the fruit's carbohydrate content, reaching (1.2930%). All the combinations among this study's treatments were compared to meet their significant effecting on all traits.

Pearl millet cultivation with brackish water and organic fertilizer alters soil properties

Abstract Semi-arid regions are characterized by high evapotranspiration and low rainfall, favoring the accumulation of salts when irrigated with brackish water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pearl millet cultivation with brackish water levels and fertilized with organic fertilizer on the chemical and physical properties of the soil. A split plot randomized block design was adopted, in a factorial arrangement, with three repetitions. Plots consisted of four irrigation levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration) and subplots consisted of four levels of organic fertilizer (0; 15; 30 and 45 Mg ha-1). At the end of the pearl millet production cycle, soil was collected from layers 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m, for physical (soil bulk density, particle density and porosity) and chemical (EC, pH, K, Na, Ca, Mg, H + Al, SB, CEC, V) properties. There was no effect of interaction of brackish water levels and organic fertilizer levels on soil chemical properties. Brackish water reduced potassium on layer 0.20-0.40 m. A negative linear effect was found for density in the 0.20-0.40 m layer under different levels of organic fertilizer. Brackish water levels and organic fertilizer levels in the cultivation of pearl millet does not alter soil chemical and physical properties at the 0-0.20 m layer. However, the use of brackish water reduces the concentration of potassium in the soil and the application of organic fertilizer reduces soil density at the 0.20-0.40 m layer.

Effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on inceptisol

The experiment on effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on Inceptisol was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Kasbe Digraj, Dist: Sangli (MS) during summer 2019. The experimental soil was alkaline, calcareous, clay in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and very high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatment consist of T1-absolute control, T2-GRDF (25:50:00 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1+ 10 t FYM ha-1), T3-100% RDN through FYM, T4-100% RDN through press mud compost (PMC), T5-100% RDN through vermicompost, T6-50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDN through PMC, T7-50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDN through vermicompost and, T8-33% RDN through FYM + 33% RDN through PMC + 33% RDN through vermicompost. Biofertilizers – Rhizobium, PSB- 25 g kg-1 of seed were inoculated to all treatments except T1, which recommended dose of P – fertilizer (50 kg P2O5 ha-1) were applied to T3 toT8. The results revealed that the significantly maximum number of pods and weight of pods per plant (39.28 plant-1) and 72.33 g) were obtained in applied of GRDF (25:50:00 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1) as compare to rest of the treatments. The T2 was at par with T3 (36.38 plant-1), T5 (38.86 plant-1) and T7 (36.53 plant-1) for number of pods per plant. The treatment GRDF (T2) was at par with treatment T5 (71.33 g) to weight of pods per plant of groundnut. The treatment T2 recorded higher 100 kernel weight (44.75 g) as compare to rest of the treatments. The treatment T2 was noticed significantly higher in dry pod yield (27.75 q ha-1) and dry haulm yield (49.86 q ha-1). The treatment GRDF (T2) was at par with T5 (26.94 q ha-1) regarding dry pod yield of groundnut. The shelling percentage (71.88%) and harvesting index (29.82%) were higher in T2. The application of GRDF recorded the significantly higher oil content (51.10%) and oil yield (1003.33 kg ha-1) over the rest of treatments and GRDF (T2) was at par with T5 regarding oil content (49.95%) and oil yield (945.56 kg ha-1) of groundnut. The significantly higher protein content (29.60%) and protein yield (549.85 kg ha-1) were noticed in T2 which was at par with T5 (27.97%), T7 (27.76%) for protein content and T5 (529.60 kg ha-1) for protein yield of groundnut. It can be concluded from the study for biofertilier treated groundnut seed, application of GRDF (25:50:00 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1+ 10 t FYM ha-1) or 100% RDN through vermicompost along with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 (as SSP) to groundnut recorded higher growth, yield and quality parameters of groundnut.

Effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil available nutrient status, nutrient uptake, yield, nutrient use efficiency and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on inceptisol

The experiment on effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil available nutrient status, nutrient uptake, yield, nutrient use efficiency and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on Inceptisol was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Kasbe Digraj, Dist: Sangli (MS) during summer 2019. The experimental soil was alkaline, calcareous, clay in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and very high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatment consist of T1-absolute control, T2-GRDF (25:50:00 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1+ 10 t FYM ha-1), T3-100% RDN through FYM, T4-100% RDN through press mud compost (PMC), T5-100% RDN through vermicompost, T6-50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDN through PMC, T7-50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDN through Vermicompost and, T8-33% RDN through FYM + 33% RDN through PMC + 33% RDN through vermicompost. Biofertilizers – Rhizobium, PSB- 25 g kg-1 of seed were inoculated to all treatments except T1, which recommended dose of P – fertilizer (50 kg P2O5 ha-1) were applied to T3 to T8. The results revealed that the soil pH decreased and EC increased with the different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers treatments over control. The organic carbon content (0.58%) and dehydrogenase enzyme activity(73.01 μg TPFg-1 soil 24 hr-1) in soil at harvest was higher in T2 as compare to rest of the treatments. The significantly the maximum total uptake of nitrogen (149.95 kg ha-1), phosphorus (28.27 kg ha-1) and potassium (79.45 kg ha-1) by groundnut was observed under T2 and it was at par with T5 (142.04 kg ha-1) for total uptake of nitrogen by groundnut. The Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu content, uptake by kernel, haulm and total Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu uptake by groundnut were statistically influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers application. The treatment T2 was noticed significantly higher in dry pod yield (27.75 q ha-1) and dry haulm yield (49.86 q ha-1). The T2 was at par with T5 (26.94 q ha-1) regarding dry pod yield of groundnut. Apparent recovery of nitrogen (190.44%) and agronomic efficiency (15.64 kg ha-1) of nitrogen were noticed higher in 100% RDN through vermicompost as compare to remaining treatments. The highest B:C ratio was obtained in application of 100% RDN through vermicompost. It is concluded from the study that under biofertilizer seed treatment, the application of GRDF (25:50:00 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1) or application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost alongwith 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 to groundnut recorded higher soil available nutrients, nutrient uptake, yield, nutrient use efficiency and net monetary returns from groundnut.

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of Organic manure and Inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and shelf life of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was conducted during the kharif season 2020 to assess the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers on growth parameters, yield attributes and shelf life of tomato variety Pusa Ruby. The experiment was laid in a rendomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments each replicated thrice.The treatments consisted of different levels of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. The treatments used were T Control (with no fertilizer), 1 T - 100% NPK RDF (120:80:60),T - 100% CD @20t/ha, T - 100% VC @20t/ha, T - 75% NPK + 25% CD @5t/ha, T - 2 3 4 5 6 50% NPK + 50% CD @10t/ha, T - 75% NPK + 25% VC @5t/ha, T - 50% NPK + 50% VC @10t/ha. Among 8 treatments, 7 8 treatment T (50% NPK + 50% VC) recorded maximum height (74.30 cm), maximum number of branches (9.8), 8 maximum number of flowers/cluster (7.8), minimum days to first fruiting (49.6 days), maximum number of fruits/cluster (6.4), maximum number of fruits per plant (19), maximum weight per fruit (68.86), maximum yield per plant (1.42) and maximum shelf life (11). However, treatment T - 100% VC showed minimum days to 50% flowering (39.8) and 4 maximum number of flower cluster per plant (14.8). Thus, it could be concluded that the use of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers has potential in improving growth, fruit yield and shelf life of the tomato Pusa Ruby.

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of Organic manure and Inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and shelf life of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was conducted during the kharif season 2020 to assess the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers on growth parameters, yield attributes and shelf life of tomato variety Pusa Ruby. The experiment was laid in a rendomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments each replicated thrice.The treatments consisted of different levels of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. The treatments used were T Control (with 1 no fertilizer), T - 100% NPK RDF (120:80:60),T - 100% CD @20t/ha, T - 100% VC @20t/ha, T - 75% NPK + 25% 2 3 4 5 CD @5t/ha, T - 50% NPK + 50% CD @10t/ha, T - 75% NPK + 25% VC @5t/ha, T - 50% NPK + 50% VC 6 7 8 @10t/ha. Among 8 treatments, treatment T (50% NPK + 50% VC) recorded maximum height (74.30 cm), maximum 8 number of branches (9.8), maximum number of flowers/cluster (7.8), minimum days to first fruiting (49.6 days), maximum number of fruits/cluster (6.4), maximum number of fruits per plant (19), maximum weight per fruit (68.86), maximum yield per plant (1.42) and maximum shelf life (11). However, treatment T - 100% VC showed 4 minimum days to 50% flowering (39.8) and maximum number of flower cluster per plant (14.8). Thus, it could be concluded that the use of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers has potential in improving growth, fruit yield and shelf life of the tomato Pusa Ruby.

Influence of integrated nutrient management on production and economics of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata)

A field experiment entitled “Influence of integrated nutrient management on production and economics of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata)” was laid out during the rainy season 2019-20 at the Research farm of Ambikapur under rain fed condition. The experiment constituted of nine treatment combinations consisting three levels of organic manures (0 t, 3 t vermicompost and 5 t FYM) and three levels of inorganic fertilizers (50%, 75% and 100% RDF, where RDF is 120:60:40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) and replicated trice. The result shows that growth and yield attributes, cob and fodder yield were influenced significantly by the integration of various levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Highest cob yield (20486.7 kg ha-1) and the net return (₹ 147265.2 ha-1) was registered with vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 + 100% of the RDF and were found significantly fair over rest of the treatment combinations.

Organic foliar fertilizer to improve yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) grown off-season

Information on the most suitable and high-yielding cayenne pepper variety for an off-season growing in dryland is important. This research aimed to examine the effect of foliar fertilizer on growth and yield of off-season cayenne pepper in dry land. The experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2020/2021 in a dryland with a sandy loam soil texture in the area of Gumantar, North Lombok, Indonesia. Four cayenne pepper varieties, namely Dewata 43 F1, Pelita F1, Taruna, and Sret, were treated with three concentration levels (0%, 0,5%, and 1,0%) of organic foliar fertilizer. The treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that application of foliar fertilizer increased number of flowers and yield, and reduced flower abortion. Pelita F1 yielded the highest, 11.5% higher than Dewata 43 F1 and three-fold higher than that of the non-hybrid varieties when treated with 1.0% of fertilizer. Dewata F1 was harvested at 70 days after transplanting (dat), followed by 76, 105 and 105 dat for Pelita F1, Sret and Taruna, respectively. To maximize the use of the rainfall and prolong the harvest time, Pelita F1 and Taruna varieties are highly recommended for dryland areas.

Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) for Sustainable Production of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planck)

The investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Station, Kalyanpur, C. S. A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to find out the effect of different levels of inorganic and organic fertilizers with the combination of biofertilizers on the sustainable production of sprouting broccoli. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter gave a significant effect on yield and yield attributing characters viz., days to first curd initiation, days to 50% curd initiation, stalk diameter, stalk length, curd diameter, curd length, curd width, days to curd maturity, weight of curd with guard leaves, weight of curd without guard leaves, weight of curd after 24 hours at room storage and curd yield as compared to other treatments.

Effect of long-term fertilization of the permanent dry meadow on the zinc content in soil and meadow sward

The study took place between 2012 and 2014 in Falenty near Warsaw, Poland, as part of a long-term scientific experi-ment (first began in 1987) using the randomized block method. All blocks were irrigated until 2008. In 2009 each block was divided into two areas: irrigated and non-irrigated. The study involved four levels of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and two levels of mixed inorganic and organic fertilizer in the form of fermented cattle urine. The soil in all experimental plots was characterized by low levels of zinc, ranging from 7.6 to 16.7 mg Zn∙kg–1 dry matter. Much lower Zn content in both soil layers of all irrigated plots was associated with increased yields on these plots, regardless of the level and form of ferti-lizer. The content of Zn in soil and sward in 2014 year was significantly lower compared in 2012. Inadequate levels of zinc for ruminant nutrition were observed in the sward from all plots (15.4–28.8 mg∙kg–1 dry matter). The higher content of zinc was found in sward harvested from the plot, which was not fertilized with phosphorus. The long-term inorganic and fer-mented urine fertilization resulted in very low zinc content in the soil and meadow sward.

Effect of Organic Fertilizer And Bread Wheat (triticum Aesitivum L.) Genotypes on Yield And Yield Components

The experiment was carried out at College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences farm, Duhok University, the experiment was laid out in Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications and arranged in factorial experiment to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization levels and bread wheat genotypes (Tamoz-2, IPA-95 and Abu. Garib-3), and the foliar organic mineral fertilizer used at three rates 0.5, 0.75 and one litter. The results showed highly significant effect of bread wheat genotypes in all studied characters with exception of weight grain spike -1 , also organic fertilizer exhibited significant effect in plant height, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, number of grain spike, length of spike and grain yield, while the effect of interaction between genotypes and organic fertilizer levels showed highly significant effect for all characters except of spike length, the results indicated that the rate 1 liter and Abu. Garib-3 gave the maximum plant height, leaf area, 1000 grain weight, number of grain spike-1 , weight of grain spike-1 , spike length and grain weight with values (91.2, 56.9, 47.5, 48.7, 2.8, 8.7 and 355.0 gm) respectively. The correlation coefficient of grain yields gave highly significant with plant height (0.972), leaf area (0.916), 1000 grain weight (0.923), number of grain spike-1 (0.951) and spike length (0.974). The results for this study had shown that, using organic fertilizer and suitable wheat genotypes effects significantly on yield and most of yield components.

Effect of Different Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Background: Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.), a member of solanacea family, is one of the most common vegetable crops grown in India. Brinjal is staple vegetable in almost all tropical countries in the world and liked by both poor and rich. Its nutritive value varies among varieties. It contains vitamin A and B. Since there is a common belief that it is not good vegetable more while brinjal may have the medicinal property like white brinjal which is used for Diabetics patients. The basic concept underlying the principles is the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility for sustaining crop productivity on a long-term basis, which can be achieved through the combined use of various sources of nutrients and by managing them scientifically along with optimum growth, yield and quality of crop. Considering the above facts, the present study was therefore under taken to investigate the intergraded management on yield and yield contributing characters of brinjal and on soil properties.Methods: An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Experimental field Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, SHUATS, Allahabad during Rabi season of 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 8 treatments and each replicated thrice. Thirty days old healthy and uniform seedlings were transplanted on 24th Sep. 2016.Result: Overall vegetative parameters were influenced due to application of Nutrient through combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers were proved beneficially for increasing growth of brinjal crop. The fruit and yield parameters like Average fruit weight, Length of fruit, Diameter of Fruit, Fruit per plot, Fruit per plant and Fruit per hectare was influenced significantly by the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers in different treatments which were recorded after harvesting of fruits.