Levels Of Organic Fertilizer Research Articles

EFFECT OF PLANT RESIDUALS, ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND SOME TREATMENTS THAT REDUCE SALINITY EFFECT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF EGGPLANT (Solanum melongea L.)

Two field experiments were carried out at a Farm in El-Mataryia district, Dakahlia Governorate during the two growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of organic fertilization and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) levels that reduce salinity effect on vegetative growth, yield and its components and chemical constituents of eggplant crop Black Beauty cultivar. The experiments were carried out by using split – plots system in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main plots were arranged with organic fertilization treatments. The sub plots were assigned to ammonium thiosulfate levels. The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: Using farmyard manure (FYM) and potassium humate (KH) treatments significantly increased all studied characters as compared with other organic fertilization treatments in both seasons. Application rice residues (RS) caused significant increases on all studied characters as compared with control treatment (without organic fertilization) in both seasons. All studied characters were significantly influenced by different ATS levels in the both seasons. The highest values of these traits were resulted from using 30 L/fed and 40 L/fed of ATS, respectively in both seasons. Generally, it could be recommended that using FYM or KH, respectively along with 30 L ATS/fed to enhance vegetative growth characters, yield and its components and chemical constituents of eggplant fruits. Also, it could be recommended that using RS combined with 30 L ATS/fed to enhance studied characters as compared with control treatment (without organic fertilization) and also to reduce sources of environmental pollution and maintain human health.

Nutrient Content (% Dry Matter) of Maize as Affected by Different Levels of Fertilizers in Asaba Area of Delta State

<p>This study was carried out in the Teaching and Research Farm of Delta State. University, Asaba campus (Nigeria) from March 2008 to June 2010 to evaluate the nutrient content (% dry matter) of maize as affected by different levels of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times in a factorial layout. Four different rates of poultry droppings, cattle dung and NPK 20: 10: 10 fertilizer were applied to three maize varieties sown at 75 cm x 15 cm spacing and the maize grains produced were evaluate for their nutrient content in percentage dry matter. The results obtained indicated that hybrid variety 9022-13 had the highest N, P and K contents (1.03, 1.68 and 0.26, respectively). Also, plants that received inorganic fertilizer had the highest values of 1.27% N, 1.64% P and 0.29% K. Based on rates of application, plants that received 450 kgha<sup>-1</sup> NPK 20: 10: 10 fertilizer had the highest values of 1.74% N, 1.71% P and 0.49% K. The interaction effects showed that only variety, manure type and rates % application were significant (P < 0.05). Based on this study, it is recommended that (i) Hybrid variety, 9022-13, which was outstanding in its nutrient content be grown in the study area. Alternatively, farmers who prefer open-pollinated varieties could grow BR 9922-DMRSF<sup>2</sup> or Agbor local variety for people who prefer local varieties in maize production (ii) Spacing of 75 cm x 15 cm (88, 888 plants/ha) which resulted in better growth performance and yield should be adopted in maize production (iii) Farmers who prefer mineral fertilizer for increased growth and yield of maize should apply 450 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> of NPK 20: 10: 10 (iv) Farmers who practice organic agriculture in Asaba agro-ecological zone should apply 30 tha<sup>-1</sup> of poultry manure to enhance maize yield.</p>

Organic fertilization affecting pests and production of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenacea)

The objective of this paper was to study the effect of four levels of organic fertilization (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg m-2) to produce the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenacea) and its pests. A higher number of red mite Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychiidae) was observed on the abaxial face of the median and basal leaves of L. sidoides plants with eight weeks of age cultivated with 6 kg m-2 of organic fertilization. On the other hand, the smallest number of this mite was noted in control (0 kg m-2). L. sidoides cultivated with 6 kg m-2 of organic fertilization produced a greater quantity of essential oil. The highest number of mealy bug Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was observed on the apical leaves (both leaf surfaces) of L. sidoides plants with nine and ten weeks of age cultivated with 3 kg m-2 of organic fertilization. No significant effect of the organic fertilization on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was detected. However, a greater number of this aphid and of its predator Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) was observed on the abaxial face of the bottom leaves of L. sidoides plants with eight weeks of age. The dose of organic fertilization recommended for the production of essential oil of L. Sidoides is 6 kg m-2, however, one must pay attention to the fact this dosage favors the attack by Tetranychus sp.. And, when needed, pulverization must always be directed to the lower surface of the leaf.

Production and yield components of castor bean BRS energia in function of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen organic fertilization

Con el objetivo de obtener el conocimiento sobre los efectos de la tarta de ricino como materia organica proveedora de diferentes niveles de nitrogeno y de diferentes niveles de riego en el cultivo de ricino temprano BRS Energia, se llevo a cabo un experimento en diseno de bloques completos al azar con parcelas divididas en grupos (bandas), siendo los factores: 4 niveles de nitrogeno via tarta de ricino (TM) (TM1 = 0, TM2 = 90, TM3 = 180 y TM4 = 270 kg N ha-1) y 4 niveles de riego basados en el concepto de agua disponible en el suelo (agua disponible - AD) (AD1 = 20, AD2 = 40, AD3 = 60 e AD4 = 80%), con 4 repeticiones. Los componentes del rendimiento del ricino BRS energia aumentaran con el aumento de los niveles de agua disponible en el suelo y con la fertilizacion organica via tarta de ricino; sin embargo, el efecto positivo de la fertilizacion organica se produjo solo hasta el nivel de fertilizacion de 180 kg N ha-1, incluyendo cuando se asocia con el nivel de disponibilidad de agua en el suelo de 80 %. El nivel de la fertilizacion organica de 180 kg ha-1, asociado con 80% de agua disponible en el suelo ocasiono un aumento de 58,84% en el rendimiento del ricino, en comparacion con el tratamiento con el mismo nivel de disponibilidad de agua en el suelo, pero sin fertilizacion organica.

Growth Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium Conjugated with Rhizobacteria under Different Levels of Organic Fertilization on Sandy Soil

Growth Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium Conjugated with Rhizobacteria under Different Levels of Organic Fertilization on Sandy Soil

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Granul terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas Ciherang pada Lahan Rawa Lebak

Rice is a food that produces rice. This food is a staple food for most Indonesians. Even as a staple food, rice can be replaced or substituted by other food ingredients, but rice has its own value for people who are accustomed to eating rice and cannot be easily replaced by other food ingredients. This study aims (i) to know the effect, and (ii) to get the best dose of granule organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice plants of Ciherang Varieties on lebak lowland. This research was conducted in Harusan Village, Amuntai Tengah District, North Hulu Regency, from February to May 2011. This study used a single randomized block design (RBD). The factors studied were 5 levels of granule organic fertilizer, namely: g0: 0 ton.ha-1, g1: 1 ton.ha-1 equivalent to or 8.571 g per clump or 0.3 kg per plot. g2: 2 ton.ha-1 is equivalent to 17.142 g per clump, or 0.6 kg per plot. g3: 3 ton.ha-1 is equivalent to 25,714 g per clump, or 0.9 kg per plot. g4: 4 ton.ha-1 is equivalent to 34.285 g per clump, or 1.2 kg per plot. The factors studied were as much as granule organic fertilizer. The results showed that the treatment of granular organic fertilizer dosage did not affect plant height, many tillers, but the treatment had a significant effect on the number of filled grain per clump. The treatment of granulated organic fertilizer dosage of 2 tons.ha-1 is equivalent to 17.142 g per clump, which is the best dose of the number of filled grain per clump

G x E Interaction on Yield Stability of Five Sweet Corn Hybrids Grown under Different Agricultural Systems

Yield stability in sweet corn and its dependence on G x E interaction were investigated in a series of two way experiments. Five Romanian sweet corn hybrids were tested in three years (2008-2010) in three locations of Central Transylvania in different soils and climatic conditions. The experiments were organized in a split plot design in which, on a general level of organic fertilization (40 t/ha manure), four levels of mineral N fertilization were applied (kg/ha, active matter): N0, typical for organic technologies; N50, corresponding to the low-input (sustainable) system; N100 and N150 customary with conventional system of agriculture. Based on ear yield data registered for hybrids in locations x years x cropping system, a phenotypic index (Pi) was computed for each sweet corn hybrid illustrating the stability of their cob yields, with and without husks. The share of genotypic and G x E effects in the total value of Pi have been estimated. In different agricultural systems the tested hybrids were classified differently based on their Pi values. It is concluded that, at least for the time being, the initiation of an organic breeding program for sweet corn, in Romania, is not economically justified since all semiearly and semilate tested hybrids yielded satisfactorily under organic agricultural practices. Moreover, among the recently released sweet corn hybrids one can find certain genotypes highly suitable to organic (i.e. ‘Deliciul verii’, ‘Estival’) or low input (‘Dulcin’, ‘Estival’) agricultural practices. These three hybrids recorded the highes ear yields (with and without husks) over years, locations and agricultural systems.

Uroda a technologicka kvalita ekologickej a low input produkcie zemiakov

The yield and other quantitative (number of plants, number of tubers, weight of tubers per 1 m2) and qualitative parameters (content of vitamin C, starch, nitrogen and dry matter) of the Solanum tuberosum L. early variety “Collete” have been studied in ecological and low-input farming systems with two levels of organic fertilization during 2003-2005. The experiment was situated in water-protected zone of western Slovakia on Luvi-Haplic Chernozem. After harvest of forecrop in higher level of organic fertilization treatment catch crop – phacelia and mustard was grown. Highly significant differences in each studied parameters of potato tubers between certain years were ascertained, thus great influence of weather conditions on quality and quantity of potatoes was confirmed. Yields was highly significantly influenced also by farming systems, when in low-input system the average yield was 21.38 t ha-1 and in ecological system 20.02 t ha-1. Green manure management did not influence yield significantly. In treatment without green manure the average yield 20.47 t ha-1 was reached with comparison to green manure application treatments 20.93 t ha-1. In low-input system significantly higher C vitamin content (4.23 mg 100g-1) was ascertained compared to ecological one 3.53 mg 100g-1. Other qualitative parameters were more or less on the same level. We recommended both farming system for growing potatoes in water vulnerable zones and for better fulfil the Good Agricultural Practices in Slovak conditions.

Water use Efficiency and Physiological Responses of Oat under Alternate Partial Root-zone Irrigation in the Semiarid Areas of Northeast China

Water use efficiency (WUE) and some crop physiological responses were studied when oat (Avena nuda L.) was applied with alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI). A field experiment was carried out with two organic fertilizer levels (e.g. 0 and 240 kg hm-2) and three irrigation levels (i.e. 60, 90 and 120 mm). The irrigation methods included the conventional irrigation (CI) and APRI. Compared with CI, APRI under the moderate water stress reduced water consumption by 9.97-12.46%, and improved WUE by 0-9.09%, but the grain yield was slightly reduced by 2.1-12.76%. APRI under the severe water stress would significantly (P<0.05) reduce the plant height than CI. APRI with organic fertilizer could increase the root shoot ratio by 18.18-45.45% after the grain filling stage. Under the severe water stress APRI significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and these treatments with organic fertilizer generally had much higher Pn than those without organic fertilizer. Our results indicate that APRI under the moderate water stress improves WUE and root shoot ratio, and slightly reduce grain yield and Pn with applied organic fertilizer.

빗물활용 벽면녹화 용기 내 유기질비료 배합비에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육 반응

본 연구는 용기형 벽면녹화에서 유기질비료의 비율에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육을 실험적으로 평가함으로써, 빗물활용을 위한 적합한 식재지반 조성과 벽면녹화 수종으로서 관목류의 활용성을 높이고자 하며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 6월 무강수 실험기간 동안 용기형 벽면녹화 식재지반 내 토양수분함량을 중량단위로 측정한 결과, <TEX>$A_1L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_2L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_4L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_8L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_1L_0$</TEX> 순으로, 유기질비료의 비율이 높을수록 완만하게 감소하였다. 2. 유기질비료 배합비율에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육은 대조구인 <TEX>$A_1L_0$</TEX>과 비교해 볼 때, 실험구별 생육 차이는 확연하지 않았으나 <TEX>$A_2L_1$</TEX>이 전체 처리구 중 가장 양호한 생육상태를 보였다. 3. 생존율은 대조구인 <TEX>$A_1L_0$</TEX>에서 모든 식물이 고사한 반면, 유기질비료 비율이 높을수록 생존율은 향상되었다. 이러한 실험적 결과를 통해, 빗물활용 용기형 벽면녹화에서 유기질비료는 노랑조팝나무의 생육보다는 생존을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 빗물만으로 물공급이 이루어지는 벽면녹화에 건조기를 대비할 수 있는 녹화방안이라 본다. 또한 이와 더불어 식재지반 내 토양수분함량을 높이기 위한 토양개량제나 빗물저류시스템의 연계가 고려된다면 노랑조팝나무는 용기형 벽면녹화에 활용가능성이 높은 관목이라 판단된다. For evaluating the effect of various organic fertilizer ratios on the Spiraea<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>bumalda 'Gold Mound' growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk university. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic fertilizer ratios (<TEX>$A_1L_0$</TEX>, <TEX>$A_8L_1$</TEX>, <TEX>$A_4L_1$</TEX> <TEX>$A_2L_1$</TEX> and <TEX>$A_1L_1$</TEX>) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Spiraea<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>bumalda 'Gold Mound' was planted. The change in soil moisture contents, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leafs, number of leaf, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll contents and survival rate were investigated from April to Jun 2010. 1. The result of soil moisture contents was analyzed with weight unit in the container green wall system during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container green wall system in increasing order as the amount of fertilizer level increased <TEX>$A_1L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_2L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_4L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_8L_1$</TEX> > <TEX>$A_1L_0$</TEX>. 2. Compared to the control treatment (amended soil with 100% + organic fertilizer 0%) application, the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of <TEX>$A_2L_1$</TEX>(amended soil with 67% + organic fertilizer 13%) application. However, the differences between the organic fertilizer ratio treatments of <TEX>$A_1L_1$</TEX>, <TEX>$A_4L_1$</TEX>, <TEX>$A_8L_1$</TEX>, and the <TEX>$A_1L_0$</TEX> organic fertilizer application were mostly not significant. 3. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic fertilizer, but in the control treatment (amended soil with 100% + organic fertilizer 0%) application all the plants died. Experimental results from the presented study clearly demonstrated that the organic fertilizer improved the survival rate more than the Spiraea<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>bumalda 'Gold Mound' growth at different levels of organic fertilizers. This strain can be utilized as a plant growth application in living wall systems during the dry summer season. Therefore, Spiraea<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>bumalda 'Gold Mound' is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in planting ground.

Effect of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Plant Growth and Yield of Chinese Kale

A substrate culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of different biological organic fertilizer levels (control: zero fertilization, low level, medium level and high level) on plant growth and yield of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey). Results showed that compared with control, treatments of medium and high fertilization increased the leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, yield and plant dry matter of Chinese kale. Thus they promoted plant growth. The fertilizer utilization ratio of Chinese kale was the lowest for low fertilization treatment, and it was the highest for medium fertilization treatment, while it was decreased for high fertilization treatment. The treatment of medium level fertilization (30g/plant) promoted plant growth and increased the yield of Chinese kale; also it had the highest fertilizer use efficiency. So it was the appropriate organic fertilization amount for Chinese kale production.

Irrigation, organic fertilization and species successional stage modulate the response of woody seedlings to herbaceous competition in a semi‐arid quarry restoration

AbstractQuestionIs the response of woody plants to herbaceous competition affected by the level of irrigation and organic fertilization? Does the magnitude and the sign of this response depend on the successional status of woody species?LocationA limestone quarry in a semi‐arid Mediterranean area inSE Spain.MethodsWe studied seedling survival and growth of six woody species with contrasting ecological strategies (early‐successional vs late‐successional) and their associated herbaceous layer under different irrigation and organic fertilization levelsResultsElevated water supply, but not organic fertilization, increased herbaceous cover. The response of woody seedlings and changes in herbaceous cover to a contrasting resource supply was species‐specific. Seedling survival and growth of late‐successional species increased at high levels of irrigation. Pioneer species showed the opposite trend, suggesting that increases in water availability may outweigh the deleterious effect of increased herbaceous competition in late‐successional species but not in early‐successional species.ConclusionsOur study provides further insights into the role of techniques such as irrigation and organic fertilization, which are commonly used in conjunction with hydroseeding, in defining woody plant establishment and successional trajectories in semi‐arid areas under restoration. Our results will contribute to improve restoration success by reconciling two major objectives of restoration: soil protection and secondary succession. We recommend a new approach for the restoration of limestone quarries. This approach comprises the planting of late‐successional species on randomly distributed nutrient‐rich patches of high availability of water and nutrients, and the use of pioneer species in the surrounding nutrient poor and drier matrix. This approach should promote optimal ecosystem functioning, including soil protection, while increasing biodiversity and fostering secondary succession.

Produção de fitomassa, teor e produtividade do óleo essencial de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. em função da adubação orgânica

Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de fitomassa, teor e produtividade do óleo essencial de Baccharis dracuculifolia DC., em função de doses de adubo orgânico, e foram utilizadas mudas produzidas por semente, e mantidas sob sombrite pelo período de 84 dias até serem transplantadas para o campo, no espaçamento de 1,0 x 1,0 m, com irrigação por gotejamento. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e as doses de composto orgânico foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 t ha-1. Foi realizada uma colheita, aos 150 dias após o transplante das mudas. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação e analisado em cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (Shimadzu, QP-5000). Todos os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F seguido da análise de regressão e o teste Tukey para os dados: massa seca útil da parte aérea, teor e produtividade do óleo essencial. Para as variáveis massa seca total e massa seca útil da parte aérea, as dosagens estudadas influenciaram as plantas, que apresentaram os melhores resultados na dose 50 t ha-1. Para teor de óleo não houve influência significativa para as dosagens estudadas, porém a dose 30 t ha-1 apresentou o melhor resultado. Entretanto para a produtividade do óleo essencial, as dosagens estudadas influenciaram as plantas, que na dosagem 30 t ha-1 obtiveram os melhores resultados.

Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization of Sweet Corn in Central Transylvania I. In Conventional Agricultural System

Five Romanian sweet corn hybrids (Prima, Dulcin, Estival, Deliciul verii and T145) were tested in three years (2008-2010) in three locations of Central Transylvania with obviously different soil and climatic conditions. The experiments were organized in a split-plot design in which, on a general level of organic fertilization (40 t/ha manure), four levels of mineral N fertilization were applied: N0, N50, N100 and N150. Ear yield (with and without husk) was registered each year and location and a superiority index (Pi) was computed according to the procedure suggested by Lin and Binns (1988). The shares of G and G x E effects in the total value of Pi were also computed and thus the tested hybrids were classified on the basis of their yield stability expressed by Pi index, ear yield level and the prevalence of G or G x E effects in the total value of Pi. Quite expectedly, the highest ear yields were recorded in all tested hybrids, when N100 and N150 were applied. Fertilization with N50 had no significant effects on ear yield in either hybrid. Prima cv. reacted very poorly to increasing rates on mineral N, most probably due to its earliness. Dulcin and Estival were classified as most stable and high yielding hybrids in all experimental environments while Prima showed the lowest stability of its rather poor ear yield.

&lt;b&gt;Adubação orgânica de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) produzida sobre grama batatais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;doi: 10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n3p21

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different organic fertilization levels on the production of marigolds ( Calendula officinalis L.) planted on living perennial mulch of Bahia grass ( Paspalum notatum ). The experiment was carried out in Montes Claros, on a Cambisol, in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four treatments (0, 3, 6 and 9kg of organic fertilizer m-2) and six replications. The addition of organic fertilizer increased the capitula dry matter mass linearly.

Effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and main composition of essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.)

Effect of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and main composition of essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.)

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Mukhi Kachu (&lt;i&gt;Colocasia esculenta&lt;/i&gt; L.)

The response of mukhi kachu (Colocasia esculenta L.) cultivars (Bilashi and local variety) to inorganic (Urea 140 kg ha-1, TSP = 95 kg ha-1, MP= 145 kg ha-1 and Urea 150 kg ha-1, TSP= 100 kg ha-1, MP= 150 kg ha-1) and organic (Cowdung 5,000 kg ha-1, Mustard oil cake 100 kg ha-1 and Poultry dropping 8000 kg ha-1) fertilizers was determined at the farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed significant effect on number of cormels, dry weight of cormels and yield of the crop. Organic fertilizers produced significantly higher yields of mukhi kachu over the inorganic fertilizers. The variety Bilashi produced the highest yield (25.66 t ha-1) with the application of mustard oil cake.

Potential activity of basil plants as a source of antioxidants and anticancer agents as affected by organic and bio-organic fertilization.

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil was shown to rank highest among species and herbal crops for phenolic compounds, essential oils which are associated with decreasing risks of cancer and aging diseases. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential activity of phenolic, flavonoids and essential oil of basil as antioxidant and anticancer activities by application organic and bio-organic fertilization. A pot experiment was conducted. Basil seeds were grown, with three levels of organic fertilizers (compost) in presence or absence of biofertilizer. Growth parameters, pigments content, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of methanolic plant extract were examined. Application of 50% compost and 50% sand in the presence of biofertilizer resulted in enhancement fresh and dry weights, total phenolics, total flavonoids and pigment content as compared with compost alone. The constituents of essential oils extracted by hydrodistilation of basil leaves were identified by GLC. Eleven components of essential oils were identified. The highest value of antioxidant and anticancer activities were obtained in basil plants grown in 50% and 75% compost treatments in the presence of biofertilizer. These results emphasized the important of bioorganic fertilizers for enhancement the antioxidant activity of phenolics, flavonoids, and essential oils of basil plant extract.

Esterco de gado leiteiro associado à adubação mineral e sua influência na fertilidade de um latossolo sob plantio direto

A produção de gado de leiteiro no sul do Brasil ocorre em grande parte em sistema de semi ou completo confinamento dos animais, o que gera uma produção significativa de resíduos. Os resíduos gerados vêm sendo utilizados como única fonte de nutrientes ou associados a fontes minerais na produção de grãos e silagem, mas sua influência nas características de solo não tem sido bem caracterizada. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de doses de adubação com esterco líquido de gado leiteiro, associadas com adubação mineral, sobre os níveis de P, K, C e condutividade elétrica (CE) de um Latossolo Bruno, em sistema plantio direto e rotação de culturas de inverno e verão (sorgo/aveia-preta/milho/azevém/milho/azevém), para produção de silagem, nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-30, 30-50 e 50-80 cm de profundidade. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em três blocos casualizados, divididos em 12 parcelas cada bloco, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 4, sendo três níveis de adubação mineral (0, 50 e 100 % da dose recomendada para as culturas) e quatro níveis de adubação orgânica (0, 30, 60 e 90 m³ ha-1 ano-1). A adubação mineral proporcionou maiores valores de P disponível (Mehlich-1 e resina) até a profundidade de 10 cm, dada a adição em profundidade pela plantadeira, enquanto, com esterco aplicado em superfície, os maiores valores ficaram restritos à profundidade de 0-5 cm. Constatou-se esgotamento de K ao longo do perfil devido à elevada extração via silagem, tendo o esterco líquido aplicado uma relação linear com teor de K disponível, em todas as profundidades analisadas. A ausência de efeito da adubação mineral sobre o K deve-se, provavelmente, à baixa dose de K adicionada. Foi observada relação direta entre doses de esterco e teores de C orgânico na camada de 0-5 cm, o mesmo não sendo observado quando do uso de adubo mineral. Baixos valores de CE sugerem grande exportação de nutrientes pela produção de silagem. Os resultados obtidos indicam que não houve movimentação significativa de P no perfil do Latossolo, mesmo após seis anos sob altas doses de esterco de gado leiteiro, e que o K aplicado via esterco e adubação mineral não é suficiente para manter os níveis deste nutriente em sistemas em que a extração de K pela silagem é alta. Nessas situações, o aumento dos teores de C orgânico é restrito à camada superficial do solo em plantio direto e diretamente relacionado com a dose de esterco aplicada.

Teor, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial de manjericão sob doses de cama de frango

Óleo essencial de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) com alta concentração de linalol é valorizado no mercado internacional e amplamente usado nas indústrias de condimentos e cosméticos. Há poucas informações a respeito do cultivo de manjericão e, portanto o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o teor, o rendimento e a qualidade de óleo essencial de genótipos de manjericão em função de níveis de adubação orgânica com cama de frango nas condições de inverno sob irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Glória, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram testados cinco níveis de adubação, sendo 2; 4; 6; 8 e 10 kg de cama de frango por m². O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Foram semeados os genótipos Manjericão PI 197442-S3 (G1) e Manjericão NSL 6421-S3 (G2). O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilações com aparelho tipo Clevenger modificado. Avaliou-se a altura da planta; comprimento e largura de folha; relação comprimento/largura (C/L); teor e rendimento de óleo essencial, e teor de linalol no óleo essencial extraído de folhas e inflorescências frescas e secas. As doses de adubo influenciaram significativamente o teor de linalol do óleo essencial destilado a partir de parte aérea fresca e seca dos genótipos 1 e 2. As outras variáveis não apresentaram diferenças significativas.