Level Of Oil Production Research Articles

Integrated model for digital oil field development management

Providing the extractive industry with new technologies to maintain the levels of oil and gas production planned in the strategy of the Russian Federation is the most important task. First of all, an increase in profitable reserves must be ensured; this goal can be achieved both through geological exploration and through the capabilities of “digital transformation” and the formatting of decision-making systems. A field controlled by artificial intelligence is a new reality. At the same time, the main task of AI is not to reduce jobs or completely replace humans in the field, but to provide a systematic, objective approach to decision-making based on physics and mathematics, and not on the personal experience of an individual. Currently, the main planning tool in the oil and gas industry is a geological and hydrodynamic model. Recently, thanks to an increase in design capacity, the industry has made an evolutionary leap in this direction and is transitioning to integrated modeling that combines both the underground and surface parts of the field. The future is neural network technologies, combined with classical methods into a single digital environment for optimizing all processes, from reservoir to processing and sales of products. In the new paradigm, the process of development management at different stages of field development requires a radical transformation of both the tools used for this and changes in governing documents. To meet the ever-accelerating pace of progress, timely updating of the legislative framework is required, development of regulations for integrated modeling, including all elements of research and production, from seismic exploration to field development; in addition, each stage of field development requires its own requirements for the quality and volume of initial information, in accordance with the new production paradigm.

APPLICATION OF VISCOUS GEL SOLUTIONS AND WATER SHUTOFF TECHNIQUES FOR LAYERS DURING WELL CONSTRUCTION

Most of the oil fields are at the decline stage of development. This stage of development is characterized by a decrease in the oil production level, an increase in the water cut of the extracted fluids (up to 90%). Reducing the water cut of the produced products is facilitated by water shutoff measures. Based on the analysis of the causes of growth of water cut in wells, the most common causes of high water cut in production wells include water filtration through fractured systems and highly permeable reservoir intervals, behind-the-casing crossflows and the formation of a water cut cone. Rational control over the water cut in the produced products increases the economic efficiency of the field development and reduces the costs of treatment and utilization of extracted water. There are different approaches for solving the problem of water shutoff: creating screens and barriers using various chemical compositions, using technical means and technological methods. These technologies are classified according to the nature of the impact of the injected water-insulating mass on the permeability of the oil-saturated part of the reservoir, opened by perforation. Taking this into account, water shutoff technologies are divided into selective and non-selective ones. The use of rigid gels is one of the methods of water shutoff in the near-well area. Gels can be injected selectively into the formation using coiled tubing (CT) and a packer. In case of absence of interlayer crossflows, an injection of a rigid gel into a watered-out formation can prevent unwanted water from penetration into the well.

The role of oil revenue in shaping Iraq's public budget

The objective of this paper was to give a wide overview of the background of Iraq’s economy during last five decades. From the previous studies, it is evident that oil export has made a significant contribution to the Iraqi economy. This contribution, as we have analyzed took the form of periodic injections of purchasing power into the domestic economy. However, changes in the country's earnings were mostly influenced by crude oil revenues, reflecting global prices of oil and daily level of oil production. Then the fluctuating oil price and production levels disturb this injection and also disturb whole Iraqi economy. Due to changing oil revenue, the structure of Iraqi economy significantly changed from tradable goods sectors to non-tradable goods sector. Apart from that the contribution of oil sector to GDP has significantly increase and government expenditure also increased sharply. The outcomes is shown in data via tables and figures throughout the period of 1970-2013.

Investment Analysis for Monetization of Marginal Oil Reserves: An Alpha Field Joint Operation Case Study

Challenges and opportunities are faced in the development of marginal oil reserves that are often uneconomical to exploit conventionally. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the project is a viable investment based on the given assumptions, as well as whether the potential returns can justify the risks associated with marginal oil reserves. The research method involved the use of key financial metrics such as Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period, using a discount rate of 10%, which is standard in the oil and gas industry. The results show that the project has a positive NPV of USD 124,462.38, an IRR of 13.13%, and a PBP of 4 years and 5 months. These results indicate that the project is financially viable, with returns exceeding the capital cost of the project. Further sensitivity analysis identified that oil prices and production levels are the most critical factors affecting the financial outcome of the project. Compared to the WACC of 10.25%, the IRR of 13.13% indicates that the project exceeds the minimum required rate of return, thus justifying the investment. The implications of this study highlight the importance of proper operational management and market risk mitigation to maintain profitability.

Occurrence and mobility of shale oil in the Jiyang Depression, eastern China

The occurrence of shale oil is important for its mobility and holds great significance in determining the available shale oil resources. Here, shale samples from three representative wells with different shale oil production levels in the Jiyang Depression, eastern China, were collected to evaluate the mobility of shale oil from its occurrence. The samples were subjected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction, soluble organic matter, and N2 adsorption measurements. The results indicate that the shales in the high production well have higher contents of clay or felsic minerals, more apolar oil components, and smaller pore sizes than those in the low production well. In particular, the shale oil occurrence exhibits two stages involving pore surface adsorption followed by pore void filling, which are separated by a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 0.6 wt% OC (equivalent to 7.7 mg/gRock, the lower threshold of shale oil content for mobility). The corresponding threshold of pore diameter is 10 nm. By integrating the shale oil occurrence with the oil properties at the producing intervals, the following indices are proposed to evaluate the shale oil mobility and high production level: shale oil content greater than 0.6 wt% OC or 7.7 mg/gRock, oil saturation index greater than 100 mg/gTOC, apolarity index greater than 1, and pore diameter greater than 10 nm. Our work provides an index regime to evaluate the mobility and high production probability of shale oil, which will benefit the exploration and development of shale oil resources.

Examining the Impact of Production Factors on Palm Oil Production Levels

This study aims to investigate the influence of various factors on oil palm production levels. Specifically, it seeks to analyze the effects of production range, fertilizer expenses, and labor on oil palm production. Furthermore, it intends to evaluate the impact of production variables, namely oil palm production zone, fertilizer costs, and labor, on oil palm production levels. Factors such as land area, fertilizer expenses, and workforce are critical variables affecting oil palm production, significantly influencing its productivity. Data was collected through observations, interviews, and surveys. The decision to conduct tests followed the purposive sampling approach, involving 26 respondents. The production components notably influence the production rate, particularly labor and fertilizer costs. However, the land area's production rate does not exhibit a significant effect. Approximately 92.5% of the production rate is attributable to the substantial contribution of production variables, with the remaining 7.5% influenced by other factors. Among these variables, fertilizer costs emerge as the most influential factor affecting oil palm productivity in Suliliran Baru.

Surfactant slug assisting CO2 huff and puff in enhancing shale oil reservoir recovery

Focusing on problems of rapid production decline and poor development effect after volume fracturing of the shale oil reservoir, a production method of SC-HNP (surfactant slug assisting CO2 huff and puff) was proposed. Taking CQ block (CQ, the reservoir block name) as an example, laboratory experiments were carried out using typical oil samples and core samples, and a numerical simulation model of SC-HNP was established based on the experimental results. The production performance and oil recovery mechanism were analyzed, and the oil production by SC-HNP of a typical well was predicted. The results showed that (1) the oil recovery degree of the surfactant imbibition experiment is 34.5%, showing good imbibition oil recovery effect. CO2 has good swelling effect and viscosity reduction ability to the oil. (2) SC-HNP combines the effects of the surfactant and CO2, and it has the best replenishing formation energy ability and the highest oil production level. Its improved recovery degree is about 2.4% (one cycle), showing the best development effect. (3) Compared with SF-HNP (surfactant huff and puff), SC-HNP can improve the oil displacement effect in the far-well fractured area, and compared with CO2-HNP (CO2 huff and puff), SC-HNP can improve the oil displacement effect in the near-well fractured area. (4) Using SC-HNP, it is predicted that the oil recovery degree of well CQP-32 (CQP-32, the well name) can be increased by 1.84%, which significantly improves the development effect, and the CO2 storage percent is about 32%.

Features of localization of remaining oil in terrigenous reservoirs and potential for their recovery at the final stage of field development

The paper considers one of the unique fields in terms of geological reserves. The paper also analyzes the development of the D3ps formation sections of the Devonian terrigenous layer of the studied field. A detailed geological and hydrodynamic model was constructed based on the consolidation of all available information. An integrated analysis of actual well performance data, field geophysical tests, geological and technical measures, results of infill drilling, as well as geological and hydrodynamic modeling confirmed the localization of reserves primarily in the upper bed of D3ps.1. The analysis of all performed studies revealed higher values of current oil saturation in the upper bed – up to 0.8 unit fractions and lower values in the lower bed – up to 0.68 unit fractions. Similar results were obtained from 87 sidetracks. Drilling of wells and sidetracks is proposed in areas with no well stock. Despite the final stage and high degree of field development, the proposed strategy will support oil production levels, increase remaining recoverable reserves, increase the efficiency of reserve recovery and improve the economic performance of field development. The introduction of modern development technologies, approaches to the analysis and monitoring of development will increase the target value of the final recovery factor from 0.608 to 0.613 unit fractions, which, with a significant amount of in-place reserves, made it possible to increase the remaining recoverable reserves by 35%. The strategy will make it possible to achieve higher oil recovery rates. The approaches used to solve the tasks set in the study can be applied to the fields of the Volga region.

Raw material economy. Oil boom in Galicia (the second half of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century)

With the beginning of the oil era in the world, Galicia with its oil fields got a chance to take part in the processes of globalization, and foreign capital along with technological innovations flowed into this previously unknown region. And many new jobs appeared in the oil industry for those Galician peasants who wanted to change their lives. However, even during the biggest oil boom at the beginning of the 20th century, the economy of Galicia could not go beyond the closed circle of the resource raw material model. One of the first oil entrepreneurs was Ignatius Lukasevich, who invented a way to obtain kerosene from oil, which was used for lighting. And one of the most famous oil tycoons was Stanislav Shchepanovskyi, the author of books on the economy of Galicia. His enterprises were located in Sloboda Rungurska, which became one of the main centers of oil production along with Drohobych and Boryslav. Moisei Hartenberg from Drohobych became another oil tycoon. Galician Ukrainians were not leaders in the oil business, they owned about 10 % of the deposits, and the rest were transferred to foreigners after the beginning of the oil boom. In general, during the oil boom, more than three hundred joint-stock companies related to this industry were founded in Galicia. Most of these were small-scale, and 15 major companies accounted for three-quarters of all oil production. Large companies were created by foreign investors. After all, the profit from investments reached at the end of the 19th century 10–12 % (in Western Europe it did not exceed 3–4 % at the time) due to low wages, as well as intensive development of deposits to obtain maximum income in a short time. The maximum level of oil production was reached in 1909 – but only 5,2 % of the world (in the USA at that time – 63 %). In general, the oil reserves in Galicia were not very large, and after the First World War, when most of the oil wells were destroyed, they were no longer restored.

Current changes and strategical directions of modernization of oilfield services market

Relevance. Innovative-technological development of oilfield service business is associated with the need of vertically integrated companies (VINCs) in services, which are largely dependent on fluctuations in demand for hydrocarbon raw materials, so the model of strategic planning of innovative-technological development of oilfield service, taking into account the current realities, will be in wide demand. Purpose of the research – Justification of the need to implement the model of strategic planning in innovation and technological development in oilfield service companies based on the analysis of current problems and trends in the oilfield service market. Main results. The analysis of problems and trends in the oilfield services market proves that the growing demand for hydrocarbons is the key factor determining the market growth and forming the outstripping demand for geological exploration, drilling and geophysical support. Increasing sanctions pressure may reduce the volume of high-tech service operations due to the withdrawal of multinationals from the Russian market, which may lead to stagnation of the oilfield services market and cause risks of lower oil and gas production levels. The pandemic-related drop in oil quotations on world stock exchanges has caused an increase in competition in both the Russian and global oilfield services markets, where two opposite trends have manifested themselves: on the one hand, there is a decline in demand for these services, while on the other – data on the growth of drilling volumes indicate the industry’s development prospects. New technological solutions increase the production efficiency of the oilfield service industry, which requires companies to focus on innovative development and use a model of strategic planning for the introduction of modern technologies together with classical market instruments, which determines the practical significance of the results of this study. Conclusion. The analysis of opportunities, trends and problems of oilfield service market development, as well as strategic priorities of oilfield service companies at the present stage confirms the significance and necessity of introducing innovative technologies to form and maintain competitive advantages in the existing global market. The strategic approach to modelling the development of oilfield service companies allows to increase the sustainability and stability of their development, as well as to reduce the negative impact on the environment in the changing energy landscape.

Improving the design of the installation for heat treatment of borehole pumping rods

Borehole pumping rods used in the process of oil production in accordance with their functional purpose, are operated in harsh conditions, in particular, they are exposed to dynamic forces, aggressiveness of the corrosive environment, various types of deformations and others. As a result, the probability of breakage of rods and equipment falling to the bottom of the well increases, the level of oil production decreases with an increase in the intensity of repair and restoration work. One of the most promising methods for improving the performance of pumping rods is the treatment of their working surface with high frequency current (HFC). The article reflects the results of the research in the direction of constructive improvement of the device for heat treatment of borehole pumping rods. Keywords. Borehole pumping rods, high frequency current, hardness, cleaning limit, inductor, heat treatment. Keywords: downhole pumping rods, high frequency current, hardness, tensile strength, inductor, heat treatment. elmancam@gmail.com, h.ibo@mail.ru

Optimization of Gas Lifting Design in Mishrif Formation of Halfaya Oil Field

The optimization of artificial gas lift techniques plays a crucial role in the advancement of oil field development. This study focuses on investigating the impact of gas lift design and optimization on production outcomes within the Mishrif formation of the Halfaya oil field. A comprehensive production network nodal analysis model was formulated using a PIPESIM Optimizer-based Genetic Algorithm and meticulously calibrated utilizing field-collected data from a network comprising seven wells. This well group encompasses three directional wells currently employing gas lift and four naturally producing vertical wells. To augment productivity and optimize network performance, a novel gas lift design strategy was proposed. The optimization of gas allocation was executed to maximize oil production rates while minimizing the injected gas volume, thus achieving optimal oil production levels at the most effective gas injection volume for the designated network. The utilization of the PIPESIM Optimizer, founded on genetic algorithm principles, facilitated the attainment of these optimal parameters. The culmination of this study yielded an optimal oil production rate of 18,814 STB/d, accompanied by a gas lift injection rate of 7.56 MMscf/d. This research underscores the significance of strategic gas lift design and optimization in enhancing oil recovery and operational efficiency in complex reservoir systems like the Mishrif formation within the Halfaya oil field.

Использование инновационных методов увеличения нефтеотдачи на месторождениях России с истощенными и трудноизвлекаемыми запасами

The article considers the strategic goals and main objectives of the Russian oil and gas industry development in the context of large-scale foreign economic challenges and slowdown in the growth of newly discovered deposit occurrences. It is revealed that the innovative transformation of its technological base is an increasingly urgent task to improve the competitiveness of the Russian fuel and energy complex. This is determined by a significant increase in the share of hydrocarbon fields with depleted and hard-to-recover reserves. The use of modern technologies based on innovative methods of oil recovery enhancement is suggested as one of the promising directions of maintaining the required level of oil production. As the research subject the organiza-tion and management of technological innovation implementation at oil and gas producing enterprises are singled out. The study allows offering a well-founded approach to the implementation of projects of innovative transformation of oil production technology by oil producing enterprises. As a result, the authors show the pecu-liarities and strategic objectives of the Russian oil and gas industry development in modern conditions; sub-stantiate the necessity of active use of innovative methods to increase oil recovery at fields with depleted and hard-to-recover reserves; propose an algorithmic model of target planning and management of innovative transformation of the technological process of oil production using tertiary methods.

Study of Chemical Additives for Optimization of Binary Systems Used for Downhole Thermochemical Treatment of Heavy Oil

Currently, most explored oil fields in Russia are at a late stage of development, and in order to maintain high levels of oil production, it is rational to put into operation fields with hard-to-recover reserves. For complicated oil fields, in particular fields with high-viscosity oil, the known traditional methods of development are ineffective. Therefore, the search for new technologies for the development and operation of such fields to significantly increase oil recovery and intensify production is of fundamental importance. One such method of heat treatment of the bottomhole formation zone is the use of heat and gas generating systems on site. In this work, new results were obtained on physical modeling of thermochemical reaction initiation with delayed-action catalyst (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid) filtration tests on composite core models of sandstone and carbonate with foam heat generation and initiating additives of binary type. Using hydrodynamic modelling, the results of laboratory studies were reproduced, and the preliminary efficiency of the developed technology for thermochemical treatment of deposits in the Samara region (Russia) was evaluated.

THE EFFECT OF ISPO IMPLEMENTATION ON PALM OIL FARMERS' INCOME IN BANDAR PASIR MANDOGE, ASAHAN DISTRICT

Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) as an Indonesian-style sustainable palm oil certification system already has the principle of responsibility to workers or laborers, but in the field many companies have not implemented it. This study aims to find out and analyze how big the difference is in the level of production, price, income and use of production factors such as fertilization, use of pesticides and the labor of oil palm farmers who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. This research method uses a quantitative approach. The research sample used in the study was 92 respondents, with the provisions of 46 ISPO farmers and 46 Non ISPO farmers. The analysis of this study was carried out using a different test (paired sample t-test). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of palm oil production that had ISPO and did not have ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There is a significant difference in the TBS price level of palm oil smallholders who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There is a significant difference in the level of income of palm oil farmers who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There are significant differences in the level of use of production factors such as fertilization, use of pesticides and workers who have ISPO and do not have ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There is a significant difference in the TBS price level of palm oil smallholders who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There is a significant difference in the level of income of palm oil farmers who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There are significant differences in the level of use of production factors such as fertilization, use of pesticides and workers who have ISPO and do not have ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There is a significant difference in the TBS price level of palm oil smallholders who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There is a significant difference in the level of income of palm oil farmers who have ISPO and not ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency. There are significant differences in the level of use of production factors such as fertilization, use of pesticides and workers who have ISPO and do not have ISPO in Bandar Pasir Mandoge District, Asahan Regency.

Geotechnological regulation of the development of oil fields with hard-to-recover reserves

Background: A significant proportion of the remaining oil reserves of the fields under development is confined to reservoir zones with low-permeability and undersaturated reservoir, thin reservoirs. Maintenance of oil production levels in such deposits is possible through methodological study and development of recommendations for optimizing and improving the development system, targeted application of technologies and methods for enhanced oil recovery. In turn, the methodological study for deposits with hard-to-recover reserves includes a systematic statistical and geological and technological analysis of the results of field development, an analysis of existing generally accepted methodologies, and theoretical studies. Thus, the creation of an integrated approach to regulating the development of oil fields, taking into account a detailed understanding of the geological structure, is an important task in the current state of the fields under development.
 Aim: The aim of the work is to develop an integrated approach to regulating the development of oil fields with hard-to-recover reserves based on methodological solutions of technological and statistical analysis, differentiation of research objects, retrospective analysis of the use of technologies and methods aimed at increasing oil recovery. The aim of the work is to form an integrated approach to regulating the development of oil fields with hard-to-recover reserves based on methodological solutions for geological-technological and geological-statistical analysis, differentiation of research objects, retrospective analysis of the use of technologies and methods aimed at increasing oil recovery.
 Materials and methods: Achieving this goal is possible using the following methods: statistical analysis, geological and field analysis, methodological solutions for studying the relationship "rock fluid", differentiation of research objects according to geological, geophysical and geological and field data. On the example of some stages, research algorithms are proposed.
 Results: A methodological solution is proposed for regulating the development of oil fields with hard-to-recover oil reserves.
 Conclusion: The proposed geotechnological approach to the development control will improve the technological efficiency of hydrocarbon reserves development due to a detailed understanding of the reservoir structure, differentiation into zones (areas) of the reservoir, study and analysis of their state of development, reasonable selection of priority and promising technologies and technical solutions to increase their production.

Replanting and yield increase strategies for alleviating the potential decline in palm oil production in Indonesia

CONTEXTMaintaining stable and high levels of palm oil production within the current oil palm extent is a potential strategy to relieve deforestation pressure. Recent exponential growth of oil palm plantation area has led to significant carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. However, halting palm oil expansion may have adverse effects on palm oil production and the impact on the palm oil industry has not been well studied. OBJECTIVESWe developed quantitative methods to assess the potential decline of regional oil palm productivity given the landscape-level age-distribution structure on existing oil palm plantation land and evaluated strategies to alleviate this potential decline. These could provide guidance to multiple stakeholders, including mill owners, plantations, farmers, and regional governments, interested in improving and stabilizing palm oil yield. METHODSWe developed a model of palm oil production for Riau, Indonesia, where two decades of extensive industrial and smallholder oil palm expansion has occurred. Using established age-related rates of production, we investigated how palm oil productivity in current plantation areas would change over time if existing oil palm trees were cut and replanted at 25 years. We also designed scenarios based on replanting rates and yield improvements (better management practices or adopting more productive cultivars) to show the different impacts of replanting strategies. For each scenario, the production level was projected to 2075. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSWe found that the production of fresh fruit bunches from oil palm could fluctuate around 45 million metric tons if all current oil palm was replanted at 25 years with no further planted-area expansion. Replanting 4% annually, with or without yield improvements, would achieve the most stable landscape-level production. With yield improvements, the regional production could be increased to higher levels under any replanting rate. However, improving yields alone would be insufficient to prevent declining productivity trends in current plantation areas. Combining replanting with yield improvements could more quickly overcome potential declines in regional production. The age structure of oil palms in Riau is spatially heterogeneous across different districts, mills and concessions, posing increased challenges for replanting efforts to stabilize landscape-level yields. SIGNIFICANCEOur study provides important information about the policy implications from different replanting and yield increase strategies on landscape-level palm oil production. Our findings demonstrate the need for collaborations among multiple stakeholders to maintain steady high levels of palm oil production in Riau, however varying stakeholder interests present major challenges for enabling and facilitating collaborations.

Development of intelligent system operational maintenance of the level of oil and gas production and waterflooding management

This article discusses the development of an intelligent System for the operational maintenance of the level of oil and gas production as part of the implementation of the Strategy for the development of information technologies for data management and the Program for the development of digitalization of fields of JSC «NC Kazmunaigas». The advantage of the system is multitasking and using almost all the data coming from production facilities in real time. The main task of the system is to manage a group of wells taking into account their mutual influence to maximize oil production and reduce the negative impact of uncoordinated well operation without damaging the rational system of field development. A significant feature of the developed system is the creation of complex algorithms for predicting the main development indicators using artificial neural networks based on a combination of CRM (capacity resistance model), FFNN (neural network with direct communication), MBM (material balance model) and BFGS (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm) methods. During the pilot test on 10 wells, the modes were adjusted according to the recommendations issued by the system and the system confirmed its operability and effectiveness of application. Keywords: virtual flow meter; labor productivity; return distribution; machine learning; rational development system; neural networks.

RIFT DEPRESSIONS AS A PROSPECTIVE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION FACILITY IN THE TERRITORY OF TRANSBAIKALIA

Currently, commercial production of hydrocarbons in Russia has the widest geography. This allows most entities to extract and process hydrocarbon raw materials in quantities necessary for uninterrupted economic activity and ensuring socio-economic stability. One of the few regions in which there is an insufficiently studied resource base, but at the same time there are completely no oil and gas production facilities introduced into industrial development, is Transbaikalia. This situation has led to the fact that this region is almost completely dependent on the supply of petroleum products from outside, which requires additional capital costs for the placement and maintenance of the strategic reserve of already processed raw materials, as well as the organization of uninterrupted supplies and its subsequent distribution throughout the region. One of the most poorly studied types of geological objects containing a fairly large amount of hydrocarbon resources in Russia is the intermountain rift genesis basins. It is known that the main resources of hydrocarbon raw materials in the territory of Transbaikalia are confined to just this type of facilities, the account of which goes to dozens. Such rift troughs are Mesozoic in age, and their resource potential can be hundreds of millions of tons of oil equivalent. Therefore, interest in this type of objects and their further study looks natural. In the future, hydrocarbon production at such facilities can amount to hundreds of thousands and even millions of tons of oil equivalent, which makes them extremely important not only in terms of increasing the level of oil production in general, but also as a determining factor in increasing the level of energy security of the entire region.

Increasing Recovery Factor in Heavy Oil Fields Using Alternating Steam and Surfactant Injection

Fossil fuels, particularly oil, currently dominate the global energy matrix. With a projected 30% increase in demand by 2040 compared to 2010, it is crucial to maintain current oil production levels. To achieve this, it is necessary to increase the oil recovery factor through alternative methodologies that will improve oil extraction from reservoirs and exploration viability in mature fields. While previous studies have investigated thermal and chemical methods to increase the recovery factor, this study aims to explore the synergy between steam and non-ionic surfactants varying the surfactant degrees of ethoxylation and injection configurations. The experimental study investigated the application of solutions of ethoxylated nonylphenol surfactants (NP-10EO and NP-100EO) combined with steam injection into banks at different concentrations and injection configurations. The results showed that combining the NP-100EO surfactant (0.5% m/m) with steam demonstrated the highest oil recovery (64.88%) compared to conventional steam (45.19%). The most effective configurations were surfactant + steam + surfactant (65.06%) and surfactant + steam + water (65.88%). These findings suggest that the proposed technique of steam injection and surfactant solution could be a promising alternative. By revitalizing marginal fields, this technique could help extend production and stimulate local and regional development.