Level Of Material Security Research Articles

ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ЯК БАЗОВИЙ ІНДИКАТОР СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

The standard of living directly depends on the socio-economic development of the region and the material condition of each person and his ability to meet basic life needs. At the same time, the quality of life largely depends on the person, one’s individual qualities, the desire to raise one’s intellectual and professional level, to develop spiritually, to strengthen personal qualities, to be able to interact with other ЕКОНОМIКА ТА УПРАВЛIННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ 29 subjects of the social and environmental environment. Therefore, an urgent problem is the definition of the main criteria that form integral indicator of the quality of life of the population and its dependence on the socio-economic development of the region and directly on each individual. The purpose of the study is to determine the main criteria of the quality of life, their components and establish the dependence of the standard of living on the socio-economic development of the region. Based on the study of foreign experience and the analysis of statistical data, the direct dependence of the quality of life on the socio-economic development of the country or region has been established. It has been confirmed that the regional approach to assessing the quality of life of the population is based on information about the standard of living of the population as a whole and individual strata, its characteristics according to the structure of income and expenses, as well as data on the consumption of goods and services depending on the level of material security, the number of households and other socio-economic aspects. According to the results of the survey of residents of the Chernivtsi region of different age categories, main criteria of quality of life and their components were determined, and it was established that the quality of life criteria are different for various age groups of the population. It has been proven that the higher the level of socio-economic development of a country or region and the higher the income, the higher the assessment of the quality of life. In order to create the necessary conditions for the production of goods and services for the livelihood of the population of the region and to improve the quality of life in the conditions of war, it is recommended to mobilize all available resources and their effective use for the production of competitive products and services for the most complete satisfaction of the needs of the population of the region and the interests of the country. On the example of the Chernivtsi region, separate components of the resource potential have been determined, the effective use of which will contribute to raising the standard of living of the population. Thus, the definition of the main criteria characterizing the quality of life and their components indicates that the standard of living depends on the socio-economic development of the region and the material condition of each person and his ability to meet basic life needs.

THE PARENTAL FAMILY AS A MODEL OF YOUTH MARRIAGE FORMATION (AN ETHNO-CULTURAL ASPECT)

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to theoretically explain and empirically investigate the role of socio-psychological characteristics of the parental family in shaping marital partner choice. The subject of the research is the role of socio-psychological features of the parental family in shaping the choice of a marriage partner by young people of different ethnic backgrounds. The specific socio-psychological moral climate of the family has a certain influence on the course and realisation of many spheres and functions of future marital and family relationships. The nature of personal development and socialisation in family relationships is also influenced by the birth order described in the concepts of sibling positions. The role and place of religion in people's lives is emphasised, and the likelihood of its influence on family values is assessed. Undoubtedly, the decisive factor in personal development, upbringing and formation is the family, the moral climate of which determines what kind of person growing up will be and the very choices he or she will make in later life. It is in the family that the initial stage of personal socialization takes place and the processes of identification, including the child's personality, take place. All this is a topical issue for the study of marriage and family relations of specific ethnic groups.
 It has been found that there were links between the level of family well-being, parental upbringing style, religious views, level of material security, ethnicity and the characteristics of the choice of future partner. It has been found that there are differences in the socio-psychological features of the parental family and the choice of future partner by young people of different ethnic backgrounds. The findings add to the theoretical basis of the science and open up perspectives for future research on the topic.

Аspirations and achievements as factors of happiness / satisfaction: mechanisms of formation

The article is devoted to testing hypotheses related to the mechanism of causing the level of happiness / satisfaction. Happiness is usually measured by looking at the whole process from the other side — that is, the factors of happiness / satisfaction that shape the respondent's well-being at a given point in time are measured. Only achievements are measured, but a person's claims to their achievements are not measured. The mechanism considered in the article can be conditionally represented as a fraction, in the numerator of which — the level of security in the broadest sense or the level of achievement (material security, creative work, loved one, etc.), and in the denominator — the level of claims (for example, the level of material security that a person considers sufficient). At the same time, the level of claims is formed depending on the level of achievements of the reference group of the respondent. Since reference groups generally influence a person's self-identification and worldview, they also form a comparison point for the respondent on how happy and successful his or her life is. The author has developed a method for measuring the level of claims and tested a few hypotheses that follow from these ideas about the mechanism of causing happiness / satisfaction. The following hypotheses are made: 1) the higher the level of claims, the lower the level of happiness 2) the ratio of achievement to the level of claims has a significant positive relationship with the level of happiness, 3) the higher the level of financial security of the immediate social environment, the higher the level of claims. Confirmation of the third hypothesis and partial confirmation of the first are received and directions of further research are outlined.

Mental health of chemical workers: violation risk factors

Aim. To study the structure of psychosocial maladjustment in chemical workers and assess the contribution of industrial and non-industrial risk factors in the formation of mental illness.
 Methods. It was analysed of hygienic assessment of the leading harmful production factors chemical, physical, factors of severity and intensity of labor. During the periodic medical examination, the mental health status of 1,226 people was examined, with a focus on professional experience, mental hygiene aspects of production factors, as well as individual and personal characteristics of employees. Confidence intervals and standard errors estimating, the logistic regression models fitting were performed using R Statistical Software with significance level 0.05.
 Results. The working environment hazards in organic synthesis included chemical risk factor, continuous noise exceeding the permissible exposure limit, emotional stress and life-threatening conditions (fire and explosion hazards in the work). The general assessment of working conditions was performed using clauses 5.15.11 P 2.2.2006-05-harmful working conditions of the second-third degree (3.23.3). Working conditions at all stages of the manufacturing process of pyroxylin powders were assessed as harmful to the third-fourth degree (3.33.4), including the chemical factor, the severity and intensity of work, fire and explosion hazards in the work. It was revealed the dependence of the development of psychosocial maladjustment on non-work-related factors (such as the level of education, marital status), conditional work-related factors (level of material security). Also, the dependence of the structure of pre-existing mental health condition on the work-related and developmental characteristics (work experience) of labor in chemical production was found.
 Conclusion. Working conditions in the studied industries correspond to the 3rd harmful class, 2nd and 3rd degrees in the production of organic synthesis (3.23.3), while at the production of pyroxylic powders, it is close to dangerous (3.33.4); the structure and risk of the developmental process of employee maladjustment are determined by the feature effect of workplace hazards.

25 Years of Monitoring Income and Living Standards of the Russian Population

The article is devoted to understanding the results of 25 years Of monitoring of income and living standards of the population (hereinafter-Monitoring) in post-Soviet Russia. Monitoring began in 1995 in connection with the disorganization of the economy in the early 90's of the last century and the need to respond to the negative consequences of rapid growth in prices and tariffs and changes in consumer consumption, which have a pronounced regional specificity. The objects of Monitoring and its conceptual framework are presented. The article describes the main blocks of its indicators: generalizing, social standards, labour and employment, monetary income, social support, spending and consumption, socioeconomic differentiation, including a total of 79 indicators and indices, and shows the methodological basis for their calculations. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the values and dynamics of qualitative assessment indicators, which are a comparison of statistical primary and analytical values with criteria standards – social standards of current consumption and their monetary equivalent. These include the development of a system of consumer budgets for the population of different levels of material security: the subsistence minimum, the socially acceptable / minimum consumer budget, and consumer budgets of medium and high affluence. The article analyzes the values and dynamics of purchasing power of per capita monetary income, the social structure of the population by the level of material security, and interregional differentiation of income and living standards at key points in the period 1995-2019. The prospects for the development of Monitoring, which the article associated with the continuation of its unifying role in the study of the values and dynamics of indicators of income and standard of living, with profound economic and social differentiation of the population based on social standards, income, housing, quality of employment, etc., as well as testing new indicators to complement social data of the state statistics in the sensitive areas of revenue generation and standard of living, taking into account unstable (precarious) employment, digitalization of the economy, changes in the sources and structure of payments provided by social protection of the population.

Middle classes in the social structure of Russia’s working population

This article presents the main results of studying the composition and scale of Russia’s middle classes, which are comprised of the working population. The study is based on an authentic methodology, which develops a multi-criterion approach to identifying social structures, based on standards and quality of living, and to revealing middle classes within their composition. Determining the potential for developing middle classes within the working population, their qualitative and quantitative identification while utilizing an array of objective and subjective characteristics – all of this was conducted based on comparing actual values with specially formulated social standards. Said standards record the normative requirements for education level, position in the field of employment, level of personal income, amount of savings, income level from primary occupation and possession of real estate, as well as the corresponding values of standards and quality of living, determined by means of subjective assessment. The study revealed that the proportion of middle classes within the structure of the working population is less than 25%. And only 2% of the working population can be identified as the core middle classes, while another 21% relate to either a broadened core or the periphery. The article reveals that potentially, if they were to attain the necessary position in the employment field and the proper level of education, a wider range of workers could comprise the middle classes. However, considering the relatively low level of material security for workers and their households, as well as inconsistencies with subjective identification markers, workers for the most part remain outside of the middle classes. The authors consider the main reasons which lead to the lower general quantitative estimates of the boundaries of middle classes. Assessed is the scale of “losses” when it comes to the potential size of the middle classes, which are linked to the specifics of workers implementing their educational potential in the workplace, to their level of material security and subjective evaluation of living standards and quality, and which identify the potential of middle classes in terms of their position in the field of employment and their level of education.

Психологическая характеристика профессиональной деятельности следователя

The article analyzes the components of the psychological characteristics of investigative activities through the prism of compliance with the principles of criminal procedure legislation in the implementation of tactics in the production of investigative actions. High requirements to the level of training of employees of preliminary investigation bodies are emphasized, among which the necessity of formation of knowledge about professionally significant components of psychological characteristics of their further professional activity is highlighted. The authors analyze the main directions of professional activity of the investigator (social, search (cognitive), reconstructive, communicative, organizational and certification activities) during the preliminary investigation of criminal cases. It is noted that the high prestige of the investigator's profession has a positive role, encouraging law graduates to choose a profession that society needs. At the same time, if the graduate is guided solely by considerations of prestige, "romantic aura" of the profession, the prospects of promotion, the level of material security, his motivation can hardly be called positive.

Two-Criterion Model of the Russian Society Stratification by Income and Housing Security

The article identifies the social structure of the Russian society by the level of material security. The research results proceed from the early authors’ studies on the analysis of the inequality of population distribution according to certain components of material security (income and housing security). The subject matter of this study was to identify the scale of social groups in the two-criteria model of social structure by the level of cash income and housing security. We proceeded from the hypothesis that compared with the single-criteria model of social structure, representing the integral distribution by the level of material security, its two-criteria model reveals social groups that significantly vary by the scale. The article presents the updated criteria of material security. We used these criteria to form social structure models. To update the criteria, we used mathematical models and informative indicators, which allowed to clarify the quantitative requirements for the level of cash income and housing parameters. Moreover, we relied on the foreign and domestic experience of research and development on this issue. However, we present for the first time a two-criteria model of the social structure of the Russian society by the level of material security based on the updated standards. For assessments and forming this model of social structure, we used the official statistics and the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, RLMS — HSE. The results can be applied in the development of targeted social policy measures, as well as may be in demand for further theoretical and methodological substantiation and practical research on material security and identification of social structures.

Regional Features of the Modernization State of Human Development in the Context of Productive Forces Modernization

The article analyzes the level of modernization state of human development on the basis of analysis of its components, such as the level of reproduction of the population, the level of education of the population, the level of scientific activity of the population, the level of material security of the population and the level of comfort of life of the population. Grouping of regions of Ukraine was conducted and a cartographic analysis of regional features of the modernization state of human development was presented.

Подсобные хозяйства предприятий и организаций Свердловской области: кризис 1945—1953 гг.

The article is devoted to the subject insufficiently developed in the national historiography, especially in regard to its regional dimension. The study is conducted on materials of the Centre of documentation of public organizations of Sverdlovsk region with the assistance of the scientific and publicistic literature. The relevance of the topic is determined by its high importance for the social sciences, especially history. Scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the new materials discovered by the author in mentioned archive are introduced into scientific usage. The purpose of the article was to identify the crisis period in development of subsidiary farms of enterprises and organizations in Sverdlovsk region. It is noted that these farms were a unique phenomenon in the world economy. It is alleged that their appearance was caused by the low level of material security of the population of the Soviet Union, especially by food shortages. It is stated that during the war years subsidiary farms were created at the majority of enterprises in the country. It is emphasized that during the war the role of personal subsidiary farms of the population was even more important. It is stated that considered period was actually the period of the extinction of activities of subsidiary farms of enterprises and organizations of “the first call.” It is proved that industrial enterprises sought to get rid of burdening farms. It is declared that the post-war crisis of subsidiary farms of enterprises and organizations coincided with the crisis of agriculture in general, and primarily the collective farms. The conclusion is that subsidiary farms of enterprises and organizations played a role in alleviating the food situation in the years of the Great Patriotic war, but their role should not be exaggerated.

Theft in Sweden 1831?1998

This paper on theft in Sweden analyses crime and reactions to crime in non-individual, structural terms. The data used stems from Swedish convictions statistics which are available for the period since 1831. Swedish trends in theft convictions follow an international pattern with reductions during the second half of the 19th century and settling at a comparatively low level during the decades around the turn of the 20th century. A sharp occurred after the mid-1920s until the mid-1980s. Upon closer examination, this increase took the form of an S-curve whose course resembles that of goods production. One interpretation is that once a basic level of material security had been guaranteed, theft convictions followed the availability of goods; with more to consume, there is more to steal, and levels of control tend to diminish. Howthat ever, this interpretation may not apply to a smaller proportion of convictions ? those which concern persistent offenders. Their development differed in one decisive manner from that of casual offenders ? the steep rise is very sudden and occurred first after the Second World War. An explanation based on the relationship between livelihood, excessive alcohol consumption and theft is put forward.