Lipid Hydroperoxide Levels Research Articles

Effect of Intrauterine Infusion of Momordica Charantia L. on Oxidative Stress and Pregnancy Rate in Infertile Cows.

IntroductionThe effect of intrauterine administration of Momordica charantia L. (MC) extract on oxidative changes and pregnancy rate in infertile cows was investigated.Material and MethodsEndometrial smear specimens were taken from 40 cows with fertility problems for cytological examination, and the cows were randomly divided into two groups: group I (n = 20) was subjected to intrauterine administration of 40 mL (0.25 g/mL) of MC extract, group II (n = 20) was subjected to intrauterine administration of 40 mL of pure olive oil. Blood samples were taken starting from the day of administration of MC extract or olive oil (day 0) and then for three weeks at weekly intervals (days 7, 14, 21). Blood serum samples were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels. In addition, on the 14th day following treatment, two doses of PGF2α were administrated to all cows at 14-day intervals. Following the second PGF2α administration, insemination and GnRH administration was performed at the 60th h after PGF2α treatment. Smear samples were stained with Giemsa and immunohistochemically to determine cytological changes and inflammatory status.ResultsAccording to cytological findings, subclinical endometritis was a prevalent disorder in cows with infertility problem (82.5%; 33/40). Additionally, 60.6% (20/33) of the cows with subclinical endometritis had acute inflammation, whereas remaining 13 cows had chronic endometritis. Of the cows with subclinical endometritis, 50% (8/16) and 35% (6/17) became pregnant in group I and II, respectively (P > 0.05). Although the oxidative stress parameters showed similarities between both groups (P > 0.05), there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the groups in terms of mean NO and LOOH levels (NO – 31.20 ± 11.38 vs 44.53 ± 11.50 μmol/L and LOOH – 1.22 ± 0.37 vs 1.89 ± 0.36 μmol/L).ConclusionThe obtained results indicated that MC administration, especially in the presence of active inflammation, may improve the pregnancy rate by positive reduction of oxidative changes.

Association between Vitamin D Status, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.

The role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is still unclear. To evaluate the associations between vitamin D and immunological, virological, and oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were determined in 314 HIV-1- infected individuals and 127 controls and the values ≥30 ng/mL defined a vitamin D sufficient (VDS) status, and <30 ng/mL defined the presence of hypovitaminosis D (HD). Oxidative stress was evaluated with plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), carbonyl protein, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Plasma HIV-1 viral load and CD4+/CD8+ T cells were quantified. The 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status did not differ between HIV-1-infected individuals and controls. Hydroperoxides and AOPP were higher (p<0.0001 and p=0.002, respectively), whereas TRAP, carbonyl protein, and NOx were lower in HIV-1-infected individuals than controls (p<0.0001). HIV-1-infected individuals with HD showed higher hydroperoxide levels than those with a VDS status (p=0.012) and controls (p=0.022), independent of ethnicity and antiretroviral therapy. A positive correlation between 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL and viral load was observed when expressed as the number of copies/mL (r=0.178, p=0.039), as well as log10 copies/mL (r=0.183, p=0.033). These results suggest the bimodal influence of vitamin D in the modulation of immune response in HIV-1 infection, considering its differential susceptibility to modulation of the various immune targets and pathways.

Sorbus domestica L. leaf extracts as functional products: phytochemical profiling, cellular safety, pro-inflammatory enzymes inhibition and protective effects against oxidative stress in vitro

The work combines detailed chemical profiling (UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3, HPLC-PDA, UV-spectrophotometric) and in vitro activity testing to provide the first comprehensive characteristics of leaves of the fruit plant S. domestica as a source of bioactive extracts used for the treatment of oxidative stress/inflammation-related pathologies. Polyphenol-rich (44 analytes, total content up to 700.0 ± 19.7 mg/g) extracts, obtained by fractionated extraction, were highly-efficient antioxidants (tests: DPPH, FRAP, TBARS) and anti-inflammatory agents (lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase inhibitors). Moreover, at in vivo-relevant levels (1–5 µg/mL) they effectively protected human plasma components against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage (reduced the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and normalised/enhanced the total antioxidant status of plasma. Concentration- and phenolic-dependence was clearly evidenced for all models. Furthermore, the extracts were found safe in cytotoxicity test on human PBMCs. The defatted methanol-water (7:3, v/v) extract and its organic solvents fractions were demonstrated as the most advantageous for future applications.

113 - Low-Density Lipoprotein Docosahexaenoic Acid Nanoparticles Kill Liver Cancer Cells by Ferroptosis

Low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles reconstituted with the natural omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA), is a novel experimental therapeutic that has been reported to selectively kill malignant hepatoma cells over normal hepatocytes and effectively treat orthotopic liver tumors in the rat. To date, little is known about the cell death pathways by which LDL-DHA nanoparticles kill tumor cells. Here we show that the LDL-DHA nanoparticles are cytotoxic to both rat and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Following LDL-DHA treatment both rat and human HCC cells experience pronounced lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and inactivation of the lipid antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) . Inhibitor studies revealed that treated HCC cells die independent of apoptotic, necroptotic or autophagic pathways, but require the presence of cellular iron. These hallmark features are consistent and were later confirmed to reflect ferroptosis, a novel form of nonapoptotic iron-dependent cell death. In keeping with the mechanisms of ferroptosis cell death, GPX4 was also found to be a central regulator of LDL-DHA induced cytotoxicity. We also investigated the effects of LDL-DHA treatments in mice bearing human HCC tumor xenografts. In vivo treatments of LDL-DHA were extremely cytotoxic to the HCC tumors and severely inhibited their growth long term. Consistent with our in vitro findings, the LDL-DHA treated HCC tumors experienced ferroptotic cell death characterized by increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides and suppression of GPX4 expression. Supplementary studies with specific ferrrpotosis inhibitors also confirmed this mechanism of tumor killing by LDL-DHA. Conclusion LDL-DHA induces cell death in HCC cells through the ferroptosis pathway, this represents a novel molecular mechanism of anticancer activity for LDL-DHA nanoparticles.

A method of treatment of knee hemosynovitis after arthroscopic meniscal resection

Aim. Optimization of the treatment of patients with knee hemosynovitis after arthroscopic meniscal resection in early postoperative period. &#x0D; Methods. The results of treatment of 79 patients aged 18 to 60 years, who underwent arthroscopic meniscal resection complicated by knee hemosynovitis, were analyzed. Out of them, 38 patients underwent the treatment according to authors’ method (group 1) which included joint drainage with +5 °С isotonic solution of Sodium hydrocarbonate until the solution ran clear, and intraarticular administration of a cocktail of 5% Ascorbic acid solution for injections, 5% Sodium dimercaptopropansulfonate (unithiol) and 0.5% procaine (novocaine) in a ratio 1:1:1. 41 patients (group 2) received traditional treatment - only tapping and intraarticular administration of 3 ml of 0.5% procaine (novocaine). To assess the efficacy of treatment, severity of edema and pain syndrome, results of MRI on days 3 and 7 after arthroscopy, hydrogen ion concentration, relative density, lipid hydroperoxide level, total SH-groups, cytosis and synovial cytogram of hemosynovial fluid were measured, as well as the number of punctures, hospital stay and survey results of 45 patients. &#x0D; Results. Surgical intervention was found to lead to inflammation, decreased hydrogen ion concentration, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased thiol antioxidants concentration. The severity of these changes correlates with severity of clinical manifistations. In the early postoperative period inflammatory processes develop in the knee, which clinically manifest as hemosynovitis, occurrence of which after arthroscopic meniscal resection is 16%. &#x0D; Conclusion. The developed method of the treatment of postoperative hemosynovitis leads to faster decrease of severity of lipid peroxidation, pain syndrome and inflammatory reaction as opposed to traditional treatment.

The state of systemic oxidative stress during Parkinson’s disease

The development of oxidative stress is considered as one of the key molecular mechanisms that lead to the death of dopamine-producing neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we characterized the oxidative status (OS) of patients depending on the severity of the disease, the time course of the disease, and treatment with antiparkinsonian drugs. The OS was evaluated using Fe2+-induced chemiluminescence of serum lipoproteins (LPs) on the basis of informative parameters, including preformed lipid hydroperoxides, the maximum intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and LP resistance to oxidation, due to the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system. In all patients, regardless of the disease stage (second, third, or fourth), we observed a comparable unidirectional increase in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and maximum intensity of (LPO). However, the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system decreased proportionally to the disease severity: second stage > third stage > fourth stage. In patients at the second and third stages of the disease who were treated with antiparkinsonian drugs we found a disruption of the OS in comparison with untreated patients of the same stage. In general, the deterioration of the OS in patients at the second and third stages of the disease, which included an increase in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and the maximum intensity of LPO, was detected in both patients receiving levodopa at a daily dose of more than 300 mg and in patients treated with drugs that did not contain levodopa. The decrease in the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system in these patients did not depend on the method of treatment and the dose of levodopa. The duration of treatment (up to 5 years) did not influence the OS of patients at the second and third stages of the disease. These data confirm the concept of the significance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD and indicate the advisability of using antioxidant drugs in complex therapy of PD.

АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ВЬЮНКА ПОЛЕВОГО И ЗВЕЗДЧАТКИ СРЕДНЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ УЛЬТРАФИОЛЕТОВОГО ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ

The search and development of methods for correction of oxidative stress in conditions of exposure to adverse environmental factors is an actual problem of modern medicine. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ cell membranes was studied with the external application of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily external application of the ointment of herb convolvulus; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily external application of the ointment of herb chickweed. It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 15-19%), of diene conjugate (by 14-16%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 40-66%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the reliable decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 9-13%, of diene conjugates by 8-13%, malonic dialdehyde by 15-28% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the ointment on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 13-20%, of vitamin E by 8-14%, of catalase by 13-28% in comparison with the same parameter of the rats of the control group. So, the application of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed in the conditions of oxidative stress induced by the influence of ultraviolet rays leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity.

Spermidine rescues proximal tubular cells from oxidative stress and necrosis after ischemic acute kidney injury.

Kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a high mortality rate, which is attributed to tubular oxidative stress and necrosis; however, an effective approach to limit IRI remains elusive. Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, protects yeast cells against aging through the inhibition of oxidative stress and necrosis. In the present study, spermidine supplementation markedly attenuated increases in plasma creatinine concentration and tubular injury score after IRI. In addition, exogenous spermidine potently inhibited oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation after IRI in kidneys and exposure to hydrogen peroxide in kidney proximal tubular cells, suppressing plasma membrane disruption and necrosis. Consistent with spermidine supplementation, upregulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human kidney proximal tubular cells significantly diminished lipid peroxidation and necrosis induced by hydrogen peroxide-induced injury. Conversely, ODC deficiency significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and necrosis after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Finally, small interfering RNA-mediated ODC inhibition induced functional and histological damage in kidneys as well as it increased lipid hydroperoxide levels after IRI. In conclusion, these data suggest that spermidine level determines kidney proximal tubular damage through oxidative stress and necrosis induced by IRI, and this finding provides a novel target for prevention of tubular damage induced by IRI.

Low-density lipoprotein docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles induce ferroptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma

Low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles reconstituted with the natural omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA), have been reported to selectively kill hepatoma cells and reduce the growth of orthotopic liver tumors in the rat. To date, little is known about the cell death pathways by which LDL-DHA nanoparticles kill tumor cells. Here we show that the LDL-DHA nanoparticles are cytotoxic to both rat hepatoma and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Following LDL-DHA treatment both rat and human HCC cells experience pronounced lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and inactivation of the lipid antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) prior to cell death. Inhibitor studies revealed that the treated HCC cells die independent of apoptotic, necroptotic or autophagic pathways, but require the presence of cellular iron. These hallmark features are consistent and were later confirmed to reflect ferroptosis, a novel form of nonapoptotic iron-dependent cell death. In keeping with the mechanisms of ferroptosis cell death, GPX4 was also found to be a central regulator of LDL-DHA induced tumor cell killing. We also investigated the effects of LDL-DHA treatments in mice bearing human HCC tumor xenografts. Intratumoral injections of LDL-DHA severely inhibited the growth of HCC xenografts long term. Consistent with our in vitro findings, the LDL-DHA treated HCC tumors experienced ferroptotic cell death characterized by increased levels of tissue lipid hydroperoxides and suppression of GPX4 expression. Conclusion: LDL-DHA induces cell death in HCC cells through the ferroptosis pathway, this represents a novel molecular mechanism of anticancer activity for LDL-DHA nanoparticles.

Diphenyleneiodonium Mitigates Bupivacaine-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage in a Diabetic Neuropathy Rat Model by Attenuating Oxidative Stress.

Increased oxidative stress has been linked to local anesthetic-induced nerve injury in a diabetic neuropathy (DN) rat model. The current study explores the effects of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) chloride, an NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, on bupivacaine-induced sciatic nerve injury in DN rats. A rat DN model was established through high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin injection. The model was confirmed via testing (i) blood glucose, (ii) hindpaw allodynia responses to von Frey (VF) monofilaments, (iii) paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL), and (iv) nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Bupivacaine (Bup, 0.2 mL, 5 mg/mL) was used to block the right sciatic nerve. DPI (1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 24 hours and 30 minutes before the sciatic block. At 24 hours after the block, NCV, various reactive oxygen species, and Caspase-3 were evaluated to determine the extent of sciatic nerve injury. The DN rat model was successfully established. Compared with the DN control group, the postblock values of VF responses (DN-Con, 16.5 ± 1.3 g; DN + Bup, 19.1 ± 1.5 g, P < .001) and PWTL significantly increased (DN-Con, 13.3 ± 1.1 seconds; DN + Bup, 14.6 ± 1.1 seconds, P = .028); the NCV of sciatic nerve was significantly reduced (DN-Con, 38.8 ± 2.4 m/s, DN + Bup, 30.5 ± 2.0 m/s, P = .003), and sciatic nerve injury (as indicated by axonal area) was more severe in the bupivacaine-treated DN group (DN-Con, 11.6 ± 0.3 μm, DN + Bup, 7.5 ± 0.3 μm, P < .001). In addition, DPI treatment significantly improved nerve function (VF responses, 17.3 ± 1.3 g; PWTL, 13.4 ± 1.1 seconds; NCV, 35.6 ± 3.1 m/s) and mitigated loss of axonal area (9.6 ± 0.3 μm). Compared to the DN + Bup group (without DPI), the levels of lipid peroxides and hydroperoxides, as well as the protein expression of NOX2, NOX4, and Caspase-3, were significantly reduced in the DN + Bup + DPI group (P < .05). Subcutaneous injection of DPI appears to protect against the functional and neurohistological damage of bupivacaine-blocked sciatic nerves in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN model.

Vitamin D3 supplementation attenuates the early stage of mouse hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by hexachlorobenzene fungicide

Hexachlorobezene (HCB), a fungicide widely distributed in the environment, promotes the development of hepatocellular preneoplastic lesions (PNL) and tumors in rodents. In contrast, vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation presents a potential role for the prevention/treatment of chronic liver diseases. Thus, we investigated whether VD3 supplementation attenuates the early stage of HCB-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. Female Balb/C mice were injected a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg/kg) at postnatal day 15. From day 40 onwards, mice were fed with a standard diet containing 0.02% HCB alone or supplemented with VD3 (10,000 or 20,000 IU/Kg diet) for 20 weeks. Untreated mice were fed just standard diet. After this period, mice were euthanized and liver and serum samples were collected. Compared to the untreated group, DEN/HCB treatment decreased total hepatic glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity while increased lipid peroxidation, p65 protein expression, cell proliferation/apoptosis and the PNL development. In contrast, dietary VD3 supplementation enhanced vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein expression, total glutathione levels and GSH-Px activity while diminished lipid hydroperoxide levels. Also, VD3 supplementation decreased p65 protein expression, hepatocyte proliferation, the size and the liver area occupied by PNL. Therefore, our findings indicate that VD3 supplementation attenuates the early stage of HCB-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis.

Molecular aspects of the impact of the Speroton complex on the male fertility in idiopathic infertility

To characterize the effect of the Speroton complex on the free radical homeostasis in the ejaculate of males of infertile couples and the likelihood of pregnancy in partners. The study group comprised 30 men aged between 26 and 43 years (mean 33 +/- 4.8 years) with idiopathic infertility. All patients received Speroton one sachet once daily during meals for 3 months. The comparison group consisted of 29 men of fertile age having 1 to 3 healthy children. In infertile men, standard semen parameters including the ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total count and proportion of abnormal forms were within the normal range. Markers of oxidative damage to ejaculate macromolecules were determined using standard diagnostic testing systems. The patients with idiopathic infertility were found to have statistically significant changes in the degree of chemical modification of ejaculate biopolymers. The level of lipid hydroperoxides in infertile men was significantly higher than in fertile participants. Taking Speroton resulted in the decrease of lipid hydroperoxides to the level that did not differ from that in the control group. Using Speroton was also accompanied by a decrease in the level of the oxidative damage DNA biomarker 8-oxodGu and a tendency toward normalization of the carbonyl modification of the ejaculate proteins. Five married couples in the treatment group reported achieving pregnancy. Taking Speroton was associated with the normalization of the balance of pro- and antioxidant processes in the ejaculate, as indicated by a decrease in the oxidative destruction of sperm biopolymers. The revealed molecular mechanism of the drug action is the basis for restoring the fertilizing ability and increasing the likelihood of pregnancy. The treatment effectiveness was 16.7%. Speroton is a promising drug that improves the functional sperm characteristics and contributes to achieving pregnancy in couples with a male infertility factor.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) or lycopene supplementation attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction through different mechanistic pathways

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of tomato or lycopene supplementation on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: the sham group (animals that underwent simulated surgery) that received a standard chow (S; n=18), the infarcted group that received a standard chow (MI; n=13), the infarcted group supplemented with lycopene (1 mg of lycopene/kg body weight/day) (MIL; n=16) and the infarcted group supplemented with tomato (MIT; n=16). After 3 months, morphological, functional and biochemical analyses were performed. The groups MIL and MIT showed decreased interstitial fibrosis induced by infarction. Tomato supplementation attenuated the hypertrophy induced by MI. In addition, tomato and lycopene improved diastolic dysfunction evaluated by echocardiographic and isolated heart studies, respectively. The MI group showed higher levels of cardiac TNF-α compared to the MIL and MIT groups. Decreased nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 was measured in the MIL group. Lipid hydroperoxide levels were higher in the infarcted groups; however, the MIT group had a lower concentration than did the MI group [S=223±20.8, MI=298±19.5, MIL=277±26.6, MIT=261±28.8 (nmol/g); n=8; P<.001]. We also examined left ventricle miRNA expression; when compared to the S group, the MIL group uniquely down-regulated the expression of eight miRNAs. No miRNA was found to be up-regulated uniquely in the MIT and MIL groups. In conclusion, tomato or lycopene supplementation attenuated the cardiac remodeling process and improved diastolic function after MI. However, the effect of lycopene and tomato supplementation occurred through different mechanistic pathways.

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SINAPIC ACID: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO APPROACH

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of sinapic acid in both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we have reported that oral administration of sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy 4-hydroxycinnamic acid) an active phyto ingredient widely distributed in rye, mustard, berries, and vegetables has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia.Methods: Experimental Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance followed by intraperitoneal administration of a single low dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight [bw]). Sinapic acid was administered orally at a concentration of 25 mg/kg bw/rat/day for 30 days, and its efficacy was compared with metformin. In vitro, antioxidant scavenging properties of sinapic acid were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), superoxide, and nitric oxide (NO) assay.Results: Sinapic acid treatment showed a significant decline in the levels of lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in the plasma and vital tissues of diabetic rats. The treatment also improved the antioxidant status in diabetic rats indicating the antioxidant potential of sinapic acid. In addition, the results of DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and NO radical scavenging assays substantiate the free radical scavenging efficacy of sinapic acid.Conclusion: The results of this study evidenced that sinapic acid possess significant antioxidant properties which in turn may be responsible for its antidiabetic properties.

Antioxidant action of fermented grain food supplement: Scavenging of peroxyl radicals and inhibition of plasma lipid oxidation induced by multiple oxidants

Unregulated oxidative modification of biological molecules induced by multiple oxidants in vivo has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Accordingly, the role of antioxidants contained in foods in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The efficacy of antioxidants against oxidative stress depends on the nature of oxidants. In the present study, the antioxidant action of fermented grain food supplement, Antioxidant Biofactor (AOB), for scavenging peroxyl radical and inhibition of plasma lipid oxidation induced by multiple oxidants was measured. The antioxidant efficacy against lipid oxidation was assessed by the level of lipid hydroperoxides produced using diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, which is not fluorescent per se but reacts with lipid hydroperoxides stoichiometrically to yield highly fluorescent diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine oxide. AOB acted as a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and suppressed lipid oxidation induced by peroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, and singlet oxygen, but not by 15-lipoxygenase.

SOD2 gene polymorphism and response of oxidative stress parameters in young wrestlers to a three-month training

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Val 16Ala polymorphism in SOD2 gene on oxidative stress parameters and lipid profile of the blood during a three-month wrestling training. The study included 53 Polish young wrestlers. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the programme and following three months of the training. The list of analysed parameters included erythrocyte and serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total glutathione (tGSH) level, concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LHs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and creatine kinase (CK) activity in the serum, as well as lipid profile parameters: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Three-month training resulted in a decrease in CK activity, an increase in serum SOD activity, as well as in unfavourable changes in serum lipid profile: an increase in TC, LDL-C, and TG, and a decrease in HDL-C. Aside from CK activity, all these changes seemed to be associated with presence of Val allele. Prior to the training programme, subjects with Ala/Ala genotype presented with lower levels of LHs, lower whole blood GPx activity, and lower serum concentrations of TC than the individuals with Ala/Val genotype. Both prior to and after three-month training, higher levels of tGSH were observed in Val/Val genotype as compared to Ala/Val genotype carriers. Moreover, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SOD2 genotype was a significant predictor of pre-training whole blood GPx activity and erythrocyte SOD activity (Val/Val > Ala/Val > Ala/Ala). Altogether, these findings suggest that Val 16Ala polymorphism in SOD2 gene contributes to individual variability in oxidative stress status and lipid profile of the blood in young wrestlers, and may modulate biochemical response to training.

Сравнительная эффективность цитофлавина и его составных компонентов при окислительном стрессе в эксперименте

В экспериментальных условиях исследована возможность коррекции свободнорадикального окисления липидов мембран организма крыс введением цитофлавина. Установлено, что ежедневное ультрафиолетовое облучение в течение 3 мин способствует повышению содержания гидроперекисей липидов, диеновых конъюгатов, малонового диальдегида на фоне снижения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в крови экспериментальных животных. Введение крысам цитофлавина в дозе 100 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно ежедневно в течение 14 дней непосредственно перед облучением способствует достоверному снижению в плазме крови концентрации гидроперекисей липидов на 23 – 25 %, диеновых конъюгатов — на 23 – 25 %, малонового диальдегида — на 24 – 27 % по сравнению с показателями контрольной группы (p &lt; 0,05). При анализе влияния цитофлавина на активность компонентов антиоксидантной системы установлено, что содержание церуло-плазмина и витамина Е в крови животных достоверно выше аналогичного показателя у крыс контрольной группы на 32 – 37 % (p &lt; 0,05). Таким образом, использование цитофлавина в условиях окислительного стресса приводит к стабилизации процессов пероксидации на фоне повышения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в крови.

Increasing maneb doses induces reactive oxygen species overproduction and nephrotoxicity in adult mice

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the biochemical, molecular and histopathological aspects of the kidney injuries as well as the hematological perturbations induced after adult mice exposure to increasing doses of maneb (MB).Material and method: Adult mice were intraperitoneally treated for seven days with four graded doses of MB, corresponding to 1/8, 1/6, 1/4 and 1/2 of its lethal dose (LD50=1500 mg/kg body weight).Results: Hematological analysis revealed a significant disruption in total white blood cells and platelets and a significant decrease in the plasmatic levels of ferrozine in mice treated with 1/8, 1/6 and 1/4 of MB LD50. However, the ferrozine levels increased significantly in the group treated with 1/2 of MB LD50. Evenly, our results showed a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide and advanced oxidation protein products in all treated groups. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly in all MB treated mice. Additionally, all treated groups exhibited strong nephrotoxicity signs, including increases in plasma urea, creatinine and albumin levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity, as well as a significant decrease in uric acid levels. Electrophoresis analysis revealed nucleic acid degradation, testifying the genotoxicity of MB. Moreover, the histopathological observations showed severe renal injuries, which could be related to the above mentioned data.Conclusions: Our data showed, for the first time, that the MB tested doses led to oxidative stress installation causing renal cell damages and lowering all defense systems capacities.

The influence of separate and combined supplementation with curcumin and quercetin on the protective capacity in rats

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QUER) on the expression of genes and activity of prototypical Nrf2/ARE- and AhR/ XRE-regulated enzymes. Investigation was carried out on male Wistar rats with initial body weight (230-235 g b.w.) that received for 14 days CUR (200 mg/kg b.w.) and QUER (200 mg/kg b.w.) separately or in combination within the standard semi-synthetic diet. The expression of genes and activity of Nrf2/ARE - regulated enzymes - heme oxygenase- 1(HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), AhR/XRE-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2 enzymes and the mRNA level of transcription factors Nrf2 and AhR were determined in rats liver. Also the expression of gene CYP3A1 and activity of CYP3A, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione transferase were studied in rats liver. Along with this the total antioxidant activity (AOA), malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides levels were determined in blood plasma and liver. The reduced and oxidized glutathione level, total and unsedimentable activity of lysosomal enzymes were investigated in rats' liver. QUER, especially in combination with CUR, increased the AOA of blood plasma and reduced the content of lipid hydroperoxides in it. CUR and QUER did not affect NQO1 activity, but the combined action caused an increase in the HO-1 activity without affecting the expression of the corresponding gene (Hmox1) and Nrf2 gene. CUR and, to a lesser extent QUER, had a strong inducing effect on CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A activity, but only the CYP1A1 activation was accompanied by the induction of CYP1A1 gene. The inducing effect of CUR and QUER on the activity of CYP450 enzymes greatly enhanced by their combined action. Membrane stabilizing action of CUR and QUER was also strongly expressed under its combined intake. Thus, we can conclude that CUR and QUER, especially in combination, contribute to the protective and adaptive capacity.

The condition of the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense of the blood in parturient women with rheumatism

Aim. To study the condition of the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense of the blood in parturient women with the rheumatic heart diseases depending on the activity of the rheumatic process and the stage of the blood circulation deficiency.Material and methods. The level of lipid hydroperoxides, malonaldehyde, glutathione and glutathione-peroxidase before delivery and in the delivery dynamics in patients with rheumatism and healthy women were studied.Results. More significant intensification of lipid peroxidation has been shown in parturient women with active stage of the rheumatic process than in patients with inactive phase. Thus, the content of lipid hydroperoxides in term II of delivery constituted 1.7±0.2 mcmol/ml erythrocytes and 1.55±0.6 mcmol/ml erythrocytes accordingly. The level of malonaldehyde was 146.8±3.4 mcmol/ml erythrocytes and 135.8±3.5 mcmol/ml erythrocytes accordingly. Herein, the level of the restored glutathione in women with the active phase of the rheumatic process didn’t increase that is evidence of antioxidant insufficiency. The most significant disturbances were observed in parturient women with active phase of the rheumatic process in stage II of the blood circulation deficiency. Glutathione level decrease (24.5± 0.9 mcmol/ml erythrocytes) was observed in these women in term III of delivery in response to intensification of the lipid peroxidation processes in comparison with the parturient women with the stage I of the blood circulation deficiency (36.7±1.3 mcmol/ml erythrocytes, as well as glutathione-peroxidase activity decrease (27.6±1.2 mcmol/ml erythrocytes and 33.9±1.3mcmol/ml erythrocytes accordingly). It is indicative of exhaustion of antioxidant system defense.Conclusions. Pathological increase of lipid peroxidation products in the blood of parturient women with rheumatism in the presence of antioxidant deficiency is evidence of the derangement of the organism adaptation processes to stress situations at delivery.