Levels Of Intrinsic Motivation Research Articles

Loneliness and intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners in virtual environments

Loneliness and intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners in virtual environments

Pathways to low-SES student success in science: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

ABSTRACT Persistent concerns exist regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and science achievement, prompting ongoing research into the factors enabling some low-SES students to excel in science despite the odds. This study seeks to identify multiple combinations of individual, family, and school conditions that contribute to successful outcomes within this demographic. Utilising a sample of 1,460 low-SES Chinese students, aged 15, from the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) as its methodological approach. The results reveal seven viable pathways that can equally enable low-SES students to achieve academic success in science. These pathways involve a combination of multiple factors, such as parental emotional support, school science instruction practices, and science-related attitudes and beliefs. The analysis also indicates that certain causal factors (i.e. parental emotional support, extrinsic motivation, enquiry-based science instruction practices, or teacher adaptation of science instruction), can be absent in the configurations, but can still contribute to academic resilience when complemented by other conditions (e.g. elevated levels of intrinsic motivation, epistemological beliefs about science, teacher-directed science instruction, or teacher support in science classes).

Constructing a model of the emotional labour process of junior high school teachers

ABSTRACT This study constructed a model of the emotional labour process of teachers. This study sampled 1,075 Taiwanese junior high school teachers for a structural equation modelling analysis. The results revealed the following: (1) Female teachers exhibit higher levels of emotional job demands (ED), extrinsic motivation (EM) and intrinsic motivation (IM) of emotional labour, as well as surface acting, deep acting, and emotional exhaustion (EE) compared to male teachers. However, females display lower levels of depersonalisation (DP) compared to males. (2) Non-STEM teachers have higher levels of ED and EE compared to STEM teachers. However, STEM teachers exhibit more positive emotions (PE) compared to Non-STEM teachers. (3) Teachers with administrative positions experienced higher levels of EE compared to teachers without administrative positions. (4) ED positively predicted emotional labour strategies (ELS). (5) The EM positively predicted maladaptive ELS and negatively predicted adaptive ELS. IM positively predicted adaptive ELS. (6) Maladaptive ELS negatively predicted PE and positively predicted negative emotions (NE), whereas adaptive ELS positively predicted PE and negatively predicted NE. (7) PE negatively predicted EE and reduced personal accomplishment (RA), while NE positively predicted EE and DP.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Reading Motivation ‎among Tenth-Grade Students in Jordan and ‎their Relationship to some Variables

The study aimed to define the level of intrinsic and extrinsic ‎reading motivation among tenth-grade students in Jordan and ‎their relationship to some variables. The study sample consisted ‎of 839 tenth grade students selected using the stratified cluster ‎sampling method. To achieve the study objectives, a reading ‎motivation scale was developed. The study results showed that ‎the level of reading motivation among tenth-grade students was ‎high, as extrinsic reading motivation to read came in first with a ‎high level, followed by intrinsic reading motivation with a high ‎level. The study found that there is a statistically significant ‎relationship between father’s educational level and reading ‎motivation among tenth-grade students, while there is no ‎statistically significant relationship between mother’s ‎educational level and reading motivation among tenth grade ‎students. The study revealed a statistically significant correlation ‎between academic achievement in Arabic and reading ‎motivation among tenth grade students. The results found ‎statistically significant differences in reading motivation among ‎tenth grade students due to gender, in favor of females. In light ‎of the results, some recommendations were provided.‎ ‎(Keywords: Reading Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, ‎Extrinsic Motivation, Tenth Grade, Jordan)‎

Level of Motivation Among Primary School Teachers Conducting Online Learning in COVID-19 Era

Stake holders in education globally are certainly affected during this trying Covid-19 crisis. Students, parents, education administrators, teachers, and community members in general are still figuring out best ways to adopt and adapt themselves in this unanticipated Covid-19 era. Teachers most of all face a challenging task of planning and executing lessons through mediums that both they and students could mutually access via digital platforms like Google Meet, Zoom, Skype or Microsoft Teams Meet just to name a few. These are some of the common platforms utilised by Malaysian teachers as well. Very few see the importance of teacher motivation in relation to teacher productivity and a meaningful learning. This study explores the level of motivation amongst primary school teachers in conducting remote online learning in Putrajaya, Malaysia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Data was collected through surveys from 272 teachers of various subjects in primary schools. From the data collected, the descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23 is used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that the level of intrinsic motivation amongst Primary School teachers in Putrajaya when conducting online teaching and learning during Covid-19 is high, while extrinsic motivation was found to be at a moderate level. The study concluded that teachers are very motivated intrinsically and are exceptionally very confident and earnest. However, teachers need to be further motivated with a higher income to compensate all the effort and work and hours they spent for the betterment of the students.

Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa di SMK Negeri 2 Purwakarta

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in enhancing students' learning motivation at SMK Negeri 2 Purwakarta. The CTL approach is employed as a pedagogical strategy that links classroom content with real-world contexts, promoting active engagement and relevancy in learning. In this research, the CTL approach is implemented in the teaching of the National Legal System and Judiciary competence. Various teaching methods, such as case studies, discussions, and role-playing, are utilized to connect theoretical legal concepts with practical examples from the students' daily lives. The research involved the observation of student participation, surveys to gauge changes in motivation, and the analysis of learning outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that the application of CTL positively influences students' learning motivation. By contextualizing legal concepts, students exhibit higher levels of interest, participation, and intrinsic motivation in the subject matter. The outcomes of this study highlight the significance of employing the CTL approach to enhance learning motivation in subjects like the National Legal System and Judiciary. The findings suggest that connecting theoretical concepts to real-life situations can stimulate students' interest and motivation to learn. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective pedagogical strategies for increasing student engagement and enthusiasm in classroom learning environments.

Effect of Work Stress, Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance

Aspects of human resources is one of the important factors that must be considered in the company. In order for companies to survive in the face of increasingly fierce business competition, management needs to make changes within the company with the aim of being able to further improve employee performance so that it is more optimal. The problem that is often faced by every company is regarding employee performance which tends to decline. One of the factors is the work stress experienced by employees. This study aims to explore the effect of job stress and extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee performance through the mediation of job satisfaction at the financing company PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk. This study uses data collection methods survey and distribution of questionnaires online, respondents were selected by the method purpose sampling. The sample of this research are employees Head Office working in parts Project Management Office, Asset Management and Human Capital at the staff level with a working period of more than 6 months. Data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL. The results of this study explain that the variables that influence job satisfaction and employee performance are low levels of stress and intrinsic motivation. There are findings where extrinsic motivation has no positive effect on job satisfaction and employee performance.

Incentives and effort in the public and private sector

AbstractWhile public service motivation theory suggests that public sector employees have higher levels of intrinsic motivation, average pay levels in the public sector are not lower, so public sector employees also value financial incentives. We investigate the relationship of financial incentives with effort (measured with unpaid overtime) for public versus private sector employees using a UK sample. Bonuses are used much less in the public sector, but their relationship with effort is not different between sectors. Public sector employees exert more effort when base pay is higher and do so to a somewhat higher extent than private sector employees. However, public sector employees increase effort more when effort is an important promotion criterion and when perceived job security is higher. Thus, implicit incentives resulting from being in a secure job and developing in that job are more effective for public sector employees than for private sector employees.

Investigating Preservice Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Motivation to Teach English Language Learners (ELLs)

This study investigated preservice teachers’ self-efficacy and attitude in working with ELLs in Arkansas. The investigator employed a within-subject design to examine the interrelationships among social cognitive variables (self-efficacy, motivation, and teachers’ preparation programs) and their role in predicting preservice teachers' confidence to teach ELLs in their future classrooms. The main finding of this study is that preservice teachers who are attending educational programs have high-levels of motivation and self-efficacy to work with ELLs in Arkansas. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed that preservice teachers show a strong and positive correlation between their level of confidence to engage ELLs in class activities, to create instructional strategies tailored for ELLs, and to manage ELLs classroom environment. Finally, the results of this study found that speaking a second-language and the level of intrinsic motivation are significant predictors of preservice teachers’ self-efficacy to work with ELLs in their future classrooms. In general, these results are consistent with previous findings produced in the context of preservice and in- service teachers.

The Influences of Self-Efficacy on Intrinsic Motivation Among Woodball Players in Malaysia

This study aims to identify the level of Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation among woodball players in Malaysia. This study also determined the difference between Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation, investigated relationship between Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation and looked at the influence of Self-Efficacy on Motivation among woodball players in Malaysia according to gender. The study sample consisted of 177 woodball players in Malaysia (male=106, female=71) who participated in the Penang Open Woodball Championship 2023 (National Woodball Circuit 1) were randomly selected. Instrument used to measure Self-Efficacy is Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) while Intrinsic Motivation uses the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) through the distribution of questionnaires. Research analysis involves descriptive and inferential statistics using t-test, and linear regression using SPSS software. Results of the study show that there is no significant difference between male and female players regarding Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation. Self-Efficacy does not have a positive relationship with Intrinsic Motivation among male woodball players in Malaysia. For female players, the study shows that there are two dimensions namely Professional Thinking Efficacy (r=-2.152, p<0.05) and Personality Efficacy dimension (r=3.235, p<0.05) have a significant relationship while the other two dimensions do not have a positive relationship with Motivation Intrinsic. Overall, this study shows that all the dimensions found in Intrinsic Motivation namely To Know, To Accomplish and To Stimulating Experience are factors that affect Self-Efficacy among Malaysian woodball players. The results of this study provide information to the woodball sports development department to increase the Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation of woodball players.

Role of Employee-related Factors for Employee Performance in Private Sector Banks of Sindh, Pakistan

The achievement of robust employee performance (EP) is a critical issue for every organization due to its significant contribution to organizational success. This study aims to examine the impact of employee-related factors on EP at private banks in Sindh, Pakistan. The researchers used quantitative methods to obtain data from private banks in Sindh at random using a survey questionnaire. The researchers distributed or delivered 528 survey forms to the various branches of Sindh's private banks. The researcher returned 318 valid surveys with a 60% response rate. The overall reliability of the questionnaire is noticed as 0.853, while individual factor reliability also appeared as greater than 0.60. The researchers used the structural equation model (SEM) to assess the hypothesized paths by analysis of moment structures (AMOS). The study findings suggest that the employee-related factors, i.e. proactivity (PA), adaptability (AD), intrinsic motivation (IM), skills flexibility (SF), commitment (CMT) and skill level (SL) significantly and positively affect EP. This study contributes to the HRM literature, particularly in the area of EP and assists the management and practitioners of human resources management and development in increasing organizational performance.

The Effect of Student’s Motivation on Academic Achievement

This quantitative study aims to investigate how intrinsic motivation affects students' performance in the Management degree at FEB Palangka Raya University. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose 123 students from the class of 2022 to participate in a survey. Participants' desire to learn was rated on a scale of 1–100 using the questionnaire, and their first-semester academic performance was evaluated using their individual version (IP) grade point average. EViews 12 was used to do the statistical analysis of the data. Students' grades (Y) were shown to be highly impacted by their level of learning motivation (X). The results of the statistical analysis, conducted using EViews 12, showed that there is a strong correlation between students' level of intrinsic motivation and their academic performance. Specifically, this study found that students who have higher levels of intrinsic motivation tend to have better academic performance than those who have lower levels of intrinsic motivation.

Development and Contribution of a Serious Game to Improve Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning in Acute Heart Failure: A Multimethod Study.

Clinical reasoning is essential for nurses and nursing students to recognize and intervene when hospitalized patients present acute heart failure. Serious games are digital educational interventions that could foster the development of clinical reasoning through an engaging and intrinsically motivating learning experience. However, elements from a playful approach (eg, rewards, narrative elements) are often absent or poorly integrated in existing serious games, which may limit their contribution to learning. Thus, we developed and studied the contribution of a novel serious game on nursing students' engagement, intrinsic motivation, and clinical reasoning in the context of acute heart failure. We adopted a multimethod design and randomized 28 participants to receive two serious game prototypes in a different sequence, one that fully integrated elements of a playful approach (SIGN@L-A) and one that offered only objectives, feedback, and a functional aesthetic (SIGN@L-B). Through self-reported questionnaires, participants reported higher levels of engagement and intrinsic motivation after using SIGN@L-A. However, negligible differences in clinical reasoning scores were found after using each serious game prototype. During interviews, participants reported on the contribution of design elements to their learning. Quantitative findings should be replicated in larger samples. Qualitative findings may guide the development of future serious games.

THE EFFECT OF INTRINSIC, EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON MILLENNIAL EDUCATOR’S JOB PERFORMANCE

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, organizational commitment, and job performance are major components of development inherent in every individual which every educational institution considers as an essential goal to achieve. For this, the primary purpose of the study was to determine the level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and organizational commitment exerted significant effect on the level of job performance of millennial educators. A descriptive correlational research was conducted involving 143 randomly selected millennial educators in the Diocese of Malolos. The findings revealed that the intrinsic motivation (p-value of 0.037) was found significant and extrinsic motivation (p-value of 0.908) was found not significant in relation to Job Performance. The combined effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation revealed that there was no significant influence with job performance (p-value of 0.174) of the educators. However, the influence of organizational commitment on job performance was found not significant. These findings indicated that the three dimensions of organizational commitment namely affective (0.65), continuance (0.016) and normative (0.025) were not directly correlated with the job performance of the millennial educators. Generally, the study proposes that extrinsic motivation may be examined to help millennial educators to enhance job performance and that school management may take a deeper look at organizational commitment of the educators to help them foster healthy and conducive work- relationship between and among employees as well as the administrators.

Factors influencing English as a lingua franca communication: A case of an international university in China

English as a lingua franca (ELF) communication has gained growing attention in globalized higher education (HE), as it reflects the pluralistic nature of English in international universities. However, diverse factors influencing ELF communication in HE have been less thoroughly investigated. To address this gap in the literature, this study examined the sequential relationships between second language (L2) students' perceptions (intrinsic and extrinsic L2 motivation, acceptance of local and other English varieties, and native English speaker ideology) and ELF communication intention. Survey data collected from 172 university students at the international university in China showed that extrinsic motivation had the highest mean scores, followed by native English speaker ideology and the acceptance of other English varieties. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the acceptance of local and other English varieties were influential predictors of ELF communication intention. English-major students displayed a higher level of intrinsic motivation and NES ideology while non-English-major students demonstrated more positive perceptions of their local English. The findings suggest that ELF-based EMI education should consider students’ L2 motivation in international contexts and English varieties awareness to engage them in ELF communication on multilingual campus.

Physical Activity Programs in Shanxi Province Schools in China: Effects of In-School and After-School Delivery on Students’ Motivational and Social Outcomes

Effective physical activity (PA) programs may enhance students’ awareness, competence, and motivation to participate in PA in the future for their health and mental well-being. The most effective way to accomplish this is through in-school and after-school activities. However, certain obstacles (traditional ways) may prevent some students from gaining these benefits. By eliminating these and other barriers, transforming after-school PA programs into in-school PA programs can enhance access to PA services. Despite this, the change in learning context from after-school to in-school may affect student engagement and program effectiveness by altering the interaction between students and teachers. Self-determination theory was employed to explain how the learning context affects motivation and social outcomes in PA programs for primary school students. The study involved 513 students from 12 different schools in Shanxi Province, China, in 2022. They represented 46.24% girls and 53.76% boys, ranging in age from 9 to 12. Teachers conducted PA programs to motivate students to participate in healthy activities. Assessment of student–teacher interactions, psychological needs satisfaction, and motivation was conducted among PA students through questionnaires. Relationships between students and teachers were incorporated into a structural equation model as direct and mediated determinants of motivation for attendance PA programs. There is agreement between the results and the hypothesized model, which predicts higher levels of psychological need satisfaction and higher levels of intrinsic motivation. In addition, the learning context only negatively affects less-self-determined motivations. Results confirm that positive perceptions of teachers by students play a significant role in promoting incentives for PA program participation in more self-determined manners. Furthermore, innovative strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of long-standing institutional structures and procedures should be considered and incorporated into in-school programs that motivate students to participate in these programs.

Intrinsic drive of medical staff: a survey of employee representatives from 22 hospitals in China.

While several initiatives, including monetary rewards and performance system reform, are used to inspire medical staff, none are fully effective. We sought to describe the intrinsic drive of medical staff and identify elements that improve work enthusiasm by increasing internal motivation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 2,975 employee representatives from 22 municipal hospitals in Beijing, China were interviewed using a self-made intrinsic motivation scale for medical staff which includes the achievement motivation, self-efficacy, conscientiousness, gratitude level and perceived organizational support. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and multiple linear regression methods were used to investigate the level of intrinsic motivation and identify any influencing factors. The correlation between employee drive and turnover intention was determined using Spearman rank correlation analysis and Kendall's tau b rank correlation coefficient. A total of 2,293 valid answers were obtained, with a valid recovery rate of 77.1%. There were statistically significant differences in intrinsic motivation and its five dimensions by marital status, political status, profession, service year, monthly income, number of working hours per week, and turnover intention (p < 0.05). Being divorced, a CPC member, in the nursing profession, and having a higher monthly income had a positive impact on intrinsic motivation while working a high hours per week had a negative effect. Higher work drive was associated with lower turnover intention. The correlation coefficients of intrinsic drive and its five dimensions with turnover intention ranged from 0.265 to 0.522 (p < 0.001). Sociodemographic factors and work environment influenced the intrinsic motivation of medical staff. There was a correlation between work drive and turnover intention which indicated that stimulating the intrinsic drive of employees may help to increase staff retention.

Within-person association of volitional factors and physical activity: Insights from an ecological momentary assessment study

ObjectiveCurrent health behavior models of physical activity (PA) suggest that not all PA intentions are translated into actual PA behavior, resulting in a significant intention-behavior gap (IBG) of almost 50%. These models further suggest that higher self-efficacy and specific planning can aid in decreasing this gap. However, as most evidence stems from between-person (trait level), questionnaire-based research, it is unclear how large short-term IBGs are, how self-efficacy and planning covary within-persons across time and whether they similarly predict smaller IBGs. It is likely that day-to-day changes in circumstances and barriers affect these variables thus the applicability of theoretical models is uncertain. Here, within-person prospective analyses of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data can provide insights. Methods35 healthy participants (aged 23–67) completed four EMA-based questionnaires every day for three weeks. Each prompt assessed PA (retrospectively, “since the last EMA prompt”); PA intentions, planning specificity, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation (prospectively, “until the next EMA prompt”) and momentary affect. Generalized logistic mixed-effect modeling was used to test predictors of PA. ResultsAcross the 2341 answered EMA prompts, PA intentions were not enacted in 25% of the episodes (IBG). In episodes with given intentions, PA likelihood increased with higher levels of self-efficacy, planning specificity, and intrinsic motivation. The latter two also positively predicted PA duration and intensity. ConclusionsShort-term intention behavior gaps seem to be smaller than what is known from more long-term studies, most likely as individuals can anticipate the actual circumstances of PA. Further, current health behavior models show validity in explaining within-person dynamics in IBGs across time. Knowing the relevance of planning specificity, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation for day-to-day variations in PA enactment can inform respective real-time mHealth interventions for facilitating PA.

TINGKAT MOTIVASI PETANI DALAM USAHATANI NILAM DI DESA KECAMATAN ANGATA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

The goal of this study was to determine the level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of patchouli farmers. This research is located in Puulipu Village, Angata District, South Konawe Regency because the majority of the population works as patchouli farmers and is one of the largest patchouli oil suppliers in Angata District. This research was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively using the class interval formula. The results of the study found that the level of intrinsic motivation of farmers which includes the expectation of a pleasant job, social needs, and economic needs in running patchouli farming is classified in the high category. This happens because most of the needs and expectations of farmers in patchouli farming have been fulfilled. The level of extrinsic motivation of farmers which includes the availability of facilities and infrastructure, market opportunities, and innovation in patchouli farming is also relatively high. So that farmers are encouraged to increase their patchouli farming.

Relational governance in the ITO: the role of self-determination theory and the mediating effect of control perceived

ObjetivoLos investigadores en la materia reconocen la importancia de la relación entre contratista y contratado en el proceso de externalización de las tecnologías de la información (TI). Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el impacto del perfil del gestor en este proceso. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto de la percepción de competencia, autonomía y relación de los gestores públicos en la gobernanza relacional (GR), así como, identificar el efecto del control percibido en esta relación.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueEste estudio utiliza un abordaje cuantitativo para investigar el impacto de las características de comportamiento de los gestores de TI a partir de la teoría de la autodeterminación (TAD). Los datos fueron recolectados en instituciones públicas brasileñas que actúan en las áreas de educación, finanzas, estadística y tecnología, y las hipótesis fueron identificadas y evaluadas utilizando la técnica de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM).ConclusionesLos resultados identificaron que la autodeterminación de los directivos está relacionada con la percepción de control, en consecuencia, repercute en el GR al proporcionar sentimientos de competencia y autonomía capaces de construir una relación beneficiosa con el proveedor de TI.Implicaciones prácticasEste estudio promueve la comprensión de que la alta dirección necesita apoyar la autonomía de los directivos para aumentar sus niveles de motivación intrínseca a la hora de gestionar las entregas de los proveedores.OriginalidadLa aplicación de la teoría de la autodeterminación al contexto de la subcontratación de TI proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la mediación del control percibido al explicar la relación entre las expectativas y motivaciones de los directivos como un importante impulsor de la GR.