Levels Of Humic Acid Research Articles

EFFECT OF TOPPING, HUMIC ACID, MULCHING COLOR AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

This study was carried out during 2016 growing season at the vegetative research farm of the College of Agriculture, Duhok University, Kurdistan region on okra plants, to study the effect of topping (after 4 leaves and 7 leaves), three levels of humic acid (0, 20 and 40 m.l-1) and four mulching color (without mulch, black mulch, clear mulch and blue mulch) on okra (Clemson). The results showed that topping after 7 leaves significantly increased branch numbers, leaf area and dry pod . Humic acid at 40 m.l-1 significantly increased leaf area, dry pod and seed weight, while humic acid at concentration 20 m.l-1 increased number of seeds. Mulching significantly enhanced all studied traits. The interactions between topping after 7 leaves and 20 m.l-1 humic acid significantly increased brunch number, leaf area and seed number. The dual interaction between a topping after 7 leaves and clear mulch significantly enhanced brunch numbers, leaf area and dry pod. And the interactions between humic acid and mulching significantly increased most characteristics. The interactions between topping, humic acid and mulching caused positive significant differences in all vegetative and seed characteristics.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND HUMIC ACID LEVELS ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS, L.) CV. S.C 131

Field experiments were carried - out at Gemmeiza Agriculture Research Station, during summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. A split - plot design with four replications was used, where nitrogen fertilizer levels (N) (0,45,90 and 135 kg.fad-1) were plotted in main plots and humic acid (HA) (0, 1, 2, and 3kg.fad-1 ) were assigned to sub plots. Increasing nitrogen levels up to 135 kg N.fad-1 .increased all yield and yield components in both seasons. Increasing humic acid levels, recorded highly significant increased for 100 - grain weight (g), grain yield fad-1, biological yield and straw yield in both seasons. While, harvest index had significantly decreased in both seasons, with increases in either nitrogen or humic acid levels. The interaction between nitrogen and humic acid was significant for ear height, 100 -grain weight (gm) and grain yield ard.fad.-1, while, was insignificant for No. of rows ear-1 and No. of grains row-1 in both season. Hence it might be concluded that, 135 kg N + 2 or 3 kg HA.fad.-1, in separate application or in combination led to significant increase in maize grain yield and its components of SC. 131.

PENGGUNAAN BIOCHAR DAN DEKOMPOSER DALAM PROSES PENGOMPOSAN LIMBAH KULIT BUAH KAKAO SERTA PENGKAYAAN MIKROB PELARUT FOSFAT (MPF) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK

Indonesia merupakan penyumbang ketiga pasar kakao dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan limbah padat yang dihasilkan mencapai lebih dari 60% dari total produksi buah. Namun penggunaan limbah kulit buah kakao oleh petani belum optimal. Umumnya petani hanya membuang atau membenamkan saja limbah kulit buah kakao tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu menjadi pupuk organik berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (i) Pengaruh biochar dan dekomposer dalam mempercepat proses pengomposan limbah kulit buah kakao dan memperbaiki kualitas pupuk organik, (ii) Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF) ke dalam pupuk organik yang berasal dari limbah kulit buah kakao terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai dari September 2014 sampai dengan Agustus 2015. Penelitian tahap pertama dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial 2 faktor dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan biochar dan dekomposer terhadap percepatan proses pengomposan limbah kulit buah kakao. Perlakuan yang diteliti adalah: (i) Biochar (tanpa biochar dari bobot kering bahan pupuk organik dan biochar 10% dari bobot kering bahan pupuk organik), (ii) Dekomposer (tanpa dekomposer dan dekomposer 100 g kg-1 bahan pupuk organik dengan kerapatan ± 106 SPK ml-1). Penelitian tahap kedua menggunakan rancangan faktorial 3 faktor dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diteliti adalah: (i) Jenis pupuk organik (tanpa pupuk organik, pupuk organik, pupuk organik dan biochar), (ii) Inokulan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF), (tanpa inokulan BPF, inokulan BPF A dan inokulan BPF B), (iii) Dosis pupuk P (tanpa pupuk P, pupuk SP-36 1 g P2O5, pupuk SP-36 2 g P2O5 , dan pupuk fosfat alam 2 g P2O5 ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar dan dekomposer tidak mempercepat proses pengomposan. Pemberian biochar dan dekomposer meningkatkan kadar asam humat. Pemberian fosfat alam 2 g P2O5/2.2 kg BKM meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit kakao. Pemberian pupuk organik dengan biochar atau tanpa biochar pada faktor perlakuan inokulan BPF A dan BPF B meningkatkan secara nyata diameter batang bibit kakao. Pemberian pupuk organik meningkatkan diameter batang, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun bibit kakao, berat kering akar dan berat kering batang bibit kakao.

Effect of soil application of humic acid on nutrients uptake, essential oil and chemical compositions of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under greenhouse conditions.

Humic acid is natural biological organic, which has a high effect on plant growth and quality. However, the mechanisms of the promoting effect of humic acid on the volatile composition were rarely reported. In this study, the effects of soil application of humic acid on the chemical composition and nutrients uptake of Thymus vulgaris were investigated. Treatments comprised 0, 50, 75 and 100gm-2. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID. Essential oil content was enhanced by increase of the humic acid level and its content ranged from 0.8% (control) to 2.0% (75gm-2). Thirty-two volatile compounds were identified and these compounds wereconsiderably affected by humic acid. The highest percentage of thymol (74.15%), carvacrol (6.20%), p-cymene (4.24%), borneol (3.42%), trans-caryophyllene (1.70%) and cis-sabinene hydrate (1.35%) as major compounds were observed in T. vulgaris under 100gm-2 humic acid. There was a linear relationship (R2=97%) between humic acid levels and thymol as a major compound. The oils were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Based on the path coefficient analysis, the highest direct effects on essential oil content were observed in monoterpene esters (3.465) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (3.146). The humic acid application also enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Mg and Fe in garden thyme. The highest N (2.42%), P (0.75%), K (2.63%), Mg (0.23%) and Fe (1436.58ppm) were observed in medium supplemented with 100gm-2 humic acid. In all, the utilization of humic acid could positively change nutrients uptake, essential oil content and its major constituents in T. vulgaris.

Exogenous Application of Humic Acid Mitigates Salinity Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants by Improving some Key Physico-biochemical Attributes

Application of salt stress (100 mM) through root growing medium caused a considerable decrease in plant fresh and dry biomass, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll contents, leaf water potential, and leaf Ca, K, P and N concentrations of two maize cultivars (Apex 836 and DK 5783). However, salt-induced increase was observed in leaf osmolality (LO), proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+ concentration and activities of enzymatic antioxidants, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Of five humic acid (HA) levels used under non-stress and stress conditions in an initial experiment, 100 mg L−1 was chosen for subsequent studies. Exogenous application of humic acid (HA) at the rate of 100 mM as a foliar or pre-sowing seed treatment significantly increased the plant biomass, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll pigments and proline contents, while it considerably reduced the leaf water potential, H2O2 and MDA contents as well as the activities of all the afore-mentioned enzymatic antioxidants. Of both modes of exogenous treatment, foliar spray was better in improving plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, LO, leaf Na+ as well as the accumulation of all nutrients measured, however, in contrast, seed pre-treatment was more effective in altering leaf proline, H2O2 and MDA contents. Of both maize cultivars, cv. DK 5783 excelled in plant biomass, chlorophyll contents and leaf N, Ca and K concentrations as well as in the activities of all three antioxidant enzymes, whereas cv. Apex 836 was superior in leaf Na+ and P concentrations, H2O2 and MDA contents. Cv. DK 5783 was comparatively better in salt tolerance as compared to cv. Apex 836. Overall, exogenous application of HA was effective in improving salinity tolerance of maize plants which can be attributed to HA-induced increase in plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, mineral nutrients and activities of key antioxidant enzymes.

Impression of Disparate Levels of Poultry Manure and Humic Acid on the Yield and Yield Traits of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Use of inorganic fertilizers have some problems to farmers in terms of high cost and short residual effect. Since use of organic fertilizers have a long residual effect but the nutrient requirement of crops is not fulfill in one season. So, using of combination of different organic manures can not only improve soil properties but also fulfill the nutrients requirement of crops. Therefore, a study was carried out aiming use of combinations of organic manures to improve maize yield and quality at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak District Nowshera, KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. Poultry Manure (PM) and Humic Acid (HA) combinations were used as treatments including T1=Control, T2=2.5 tons PM ha-1+5 kg HA ha-1, T3=5 tons PM ha-1+4 kg HA ha-1, T4=7.5 tons PM ha-1+3 kg HA ha-1, T5=10 tons PM ha-1+2 kg HA ha-1 and T6=12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1. A basic dose of NPK was applied at the rate of 60:40:30 kg N, P and K ha-1. The results showed that highest days number to tasseling (55) and to silking (56) were recorded when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with control plots. Highest plant height (185.33 cm), leaf area (411.26 cm2), cob length (17.0 cm), grains number cob-1 (413), grain yield (4783.3 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) and stover yield (13197 kg ha-1) were produced when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1 and 1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with the control plots. It is recommended that use of HA and PM in blending not only improves crop yield but also has a long term residual effect and improve soil properties as well.

تأثير التغذية الورقية بحامض الهيوميك في بعض صفات النمو والحاصل لنبات زهرة الشمس .Helianthus annuus L

نفذت تجربة عاملية وفقاً لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D) حقلياً وبثلاثة مكررات خلال الموسم الربيعي 2017 في محافظة ديالى / قضاء بعقوبة / ناحية بهرز في تربة ذات نسجة مزيجة غرينية لدراسة تأثير أربع مستويات من التسميد الورقي بحامض الهيوميك هي 0 و2 و4 و6 مل.لتر-1 في نمو وحاصل نبات زهرة الشمس Helianthus annuus L. صنف LuLeo. أظهرت النتائج تفوقاً معنوياً لمستوى التغذية الورقية بحامض الهيوميك بالتركيز 6 مل.لتر-1 في ارتفاع النبات إذ أعطى متوسطاً بلغ 213.73 سم والمساحة الورقية للنبات 5597.32 سم2 ودليل الكلوروفيل 48.64 SPAD والوزن الجاف للنبات 215.0 غم و عدد البذور في القرص الزهري 1494 بذرة.قرص-1 ووزن 1000 بذرة 88.3 غم وحاصل النبات الواحد 127.91 غم.نبات-1 والحاصل الكلي 6.81 طن.هـ-1 والنسبة المئوية للزيت في البذور 43.184%، بينما أعطى التركيز 4 مل.لتر-1 حامض الهيوميك أعلى متوسط لصفة النسبة المئوية للبروتين في البذور بلغ 18.34%.

Effect of humic acid on the kinetics of phosphorus of triple super phosphate fertilizer and growth and yield of corn

Two experiments were conducted, the first laboratory experiment (incubation) was conducted to study the chemical Kinetics of phosphorous release, and the other was field experiment to study the effect of Triple super phosphate and different levels of humic acid in growth and yield of corn. Laboratory experiment was carried out to study the Kinetics of phosphorus release triple super phosphate with levels 0, 60, 80 and 100% P of recommended fertilizer dose and three levels of humic acids 0, 20, 40 Kg.h-1. After eight time of incubation, the available phosphorus was measured in the soil. The data were subjected to mathematical analysis using five kinetic equations. The field experiment was carried out in silty clay loam soil to study the available phosphorus added from triple super phosphate to soil with humic acids and their impact on growth of corn cultivar (fijer 1), using factorial experiment with design of randomized complete block, with three replicates, and two factors: four levels of triple super phosphate 40, 60, 80, and 100% P of recommended dose of fertilizer and three levels of humic acids 0, 20, 40 Kg h-1. Results of the laboratory experiment indicated that decreased concentration of available phosphorus release with the time for all levels of phosphate fertilizer. The addition of humic acids at the levels of 20 and 40 kg ha-1 increase available phosphorus for any time of incubation. Second order equation gave the highest determination coefficient and the lowest standard error, the half time of phosphorus disappearance increased with the increased level of humic acid, it increased from 35.71 days to 38.46 and 41.66 days for 20 and 40 kg h-1 levels respectively. Results of the field experiment showed a significant increase in plant height, dry weight, plant yield, weight of 300 grains and total grain yield with increased levels of phosphorus and humic acid added. A significant increase were obtained in plant height, dry weight, plant yield, weight of 300 grains, total grain yield with increasing levels of humic acids for about 4.9, 9.99, 10.6, 3.82 and 10.61% respectively by adding the level of 40 kg h-1 comparing with control treatment

Impact of Plant Density and Humic Acid Application on Yield, Yield Components and Nutrient Uptakes of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown in a Newly Reclaimed Soil

A study was carried out as field experiments at Demo experimental station, Fayoum district in summer seasons 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effects of plant density and humic acid soil application on oil content, nutrient uptakes, vegetative growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. A split plot layout within a randomized completely blocks design with 3 replications were used. Three treatments of plant density i.e., D1=47,619 plant/ha-1 (0.7x0.3 m), D2=71,428 plant/ha-1 (0.7x0.2 m) and D3= 95,238 plant/ha-1 (0.7x0.15 m) were placed in the main plots. The subplot treatments were 5 levels (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 kg ha-1) of humic acid. The results indicated that the plant density D1 gave the highest values of plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf, stem and head dry weights plant-1 and seed yield plant-1. However, the plant density D2 recorded the highest seed yield ha-1. Both plant densities (D1) and (D2) surpassed D3 concerning on values of leaf and seed (N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and Fe) uptakes. Soil addition of humic acid at rate of 5 kg ha-1 significantly produced the highest values of growth parameters, yield, its components as well as oil content and nutrient uptakes in both seasons. The highest sunflower seed yield was obtained when plant density was 71.428 plant ha-1 (D2) and treated with 5 kg ha-1 of humic acid as a soil application.

Adsorption of 17α-ethinylestradiol from aqueous solution onto a reduced graphene oxide-magnetic composite

Abstract A reduced graphene oxide (rGO) magnetic nanocomposite rGO/Fe3O4 was prepared and used to adsorb 17α-ethinylestradiol from aqueous solutions. The magnetic nanocomposite was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly deposited on the rGO sheets. Experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism by which 17α-ethinylestradiol adsorbs onto rGO/Fe3O4. The kinetic adsorption data for 17α-ethinylestradiol fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The effects of water chemistry (pH, coexisting ions, humic acid level, and water matrix) on 17α-ethinylestradiol adsorption were also investigated. It was found that pH and humic acid level have noticeable effects on the adsorption of 17α-ethinylestradiol, while coexisting ions and water matrix do not. Desorption experiments performed using methanol as eluent demonstrated that the adsorbent could be reused for five cycles without significant deterioration in performance. The results show that rGO/Fe3O4 exhibits high adsorption capacity and may be conveniently recovered, making it a promising adsorbent for 17α-ethinylestradiol removal from real-world water resources.

Pilot study on bromate reduction from drinking water by UV/sulfite systems: Economic cost comparisons, effects of environmental parameters and mechanisms

The degradation of bromate (BrO3−) with UV/sulfite processes attracts much attention because of its high removal rate and easier combination with ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. This pilot study demonstrated the effectiveness of UV/sulfite systems and further investigated influences of typical environmental parameters such as UV fluence, pH, concentrations of sulfite ([S(IV)T]), humic acid (HA), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and nitrate (NO3−) on BrO3− degradation. Results showed that the decomposition was increased with the enhanced UV irradiance and [S(IV)T], whereas a considerable improvement was observed with enhancing pH only over pH 4.5–8.0 ranges probably due to the variation of sulfite species with pH in UV/sulfite systems. In contrast, the dosing of 2–5mg/L HA proportionally suppressed BrO3− removal in UV/sulfite systems. The obvious inhibitory effect on removal kinetics suggests that HA acted primarily as a scavenger for active species. 2–8mM HCO3− addition slightly depressed BrO3− degradation, indicating a weak inhibitor of HCO3− in photochemical processes. Moreover, scavenging experiments with NO3− demonstrated that the aqueous electron was responsible for decomposition of BrO3− by UV/sulfite systems in pilot studies. All the bromine atoms in BrO3− were reduced to Br−. Principal component analysis further substantiated that high NO3− and HA levels in authentic water inhibited the removal of BrO3− in a lower extent in pilot studies than that in laboratory experiments. The cost evaluation proved UV/sulfite processes to be economical, indicating its full-scale potential in BrO3− removal from drinking water.

Effects of sprayed humic acid, iron, and zinc on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of niger plant (Guizotia abyssinica L.)

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of organic fertilizer and micronutrients on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of niger plant, a field experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications at Shahrekord University Research Farm during the years 2013–2014. Treatments included three levels of humic acid (1, 3, and 6 liters of humic acid per hectare), iron (four parts per million, ppm), zinc (four parts per million, ppm), and control (without humic acid, iron, and zinc). In this experiment, traits of the number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000 seeds' weight, grain yield, and also oil and protein content were evaluated. The findings showed that foliar application of humic acid, zinc, and iron resulted in a significant increase in all analyzed traits. The most significant plant response was obtained with the use of six liters humic acid per hectare, and the second most significant plant response was seen with the sprayed zinc treatment which was probably due to limited absorption and deficiency of these elements in the tested soil.

EFFECT SPRAYING SOME MICRONUTRIENTS AND ADD HUMIC ACID IN TRAITS OF ROOTS AND LEAVES CONTENT OF NUTRIENTS IN GREEN BEANS

An experiment was carried out at the research station of the Agriculture College - of Baghdad University for two seasons, spring and autumn 2015, Using hybrid seeds, primal, one of the early Cultivars. To study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient for the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted using factorial experiment (4×3) with in randomized complete block designe with three replicates and12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml L-1, 2g Fe L-1 and 0.5 Zn ml L-1+ 2g Fe L-1) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha-1, after melted in a calculated amount of water and insert into the groove around the plants per experimental unit. The results showed the superiority of the treatment (M3H2) humic acid 3g.ha-1 and iron 2g.L-1 it the highest length of the roots (38.76 cm. Plant-1 ) for spring season, while superiority treatment (M4H2) Humic acid 3g.ha-1 elemental iron, zinc length of the root amounted 29.20 cm .Plant-1 for autumn season, highest weight of dry roots (6.49 and 4.34 q. plant-1), superiority treatment M4H2 in highest concentration of iron and zinc in leaves amounted (264.67, 236) mg. kg-1 and (43.00, 46.30) mg kg-1 dry mater seasons of spring and autumn on respectively. Superiority the treatment of M4H2 significantly by giving highest percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves (2.40, 2.19), (0.40, 0.42) and (2.73, 2.77)% for two seasons, spring and autumn respectively.

Impact of Soil Humic Acid Soil Application and Seaweed Extract Foliar Spray on Growth, Yield, and Fruits Quality of Strawberry Plants Grown under Aswan Conditions

Two field experiments were carried out during two consecutive growth seasons (2014/2015 and 2015/2016) in the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt on a sandy textured soil under unheated plastic houses. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three levels of humic acid added to the soil with irrigation and three levels of seaweed extract foliar applications as well as their interactions on growth traits, yield, and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Dush.) cv. Festival grown on the sandy soil under Aswan conditions. The experimental design was a split-plot system arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The humic acid treatments (0, 200 and 400 mg/L) were randomly arranged in the main plots, while seaweed extract concentrations, (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L) were randomly distributed in the sub-plots. The obtained results revealed that soil humic acid application gave the significant effects in all characters under study and seaweed extract foliar spray. Moreover, applying soil humic cid at a level of (400 mg/L) combined with seaweed extract spray (1500 mg/L) resulted in significant increases in most studied characters in both seasons.

ROLE OF IRON, ZINC AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT ON YIELD OF GREEN BEANS

This experiment was carried out in the agricultural research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad, during the seasons spring and autumn 2015, use in agriculture beans hybrid primal seeds, one of the short variety. The aim of the experiment to study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add the organic nutrient on yield of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), The experiment was designed factorial experiment (3*4) with three replications according to the experimental design (RCBD), the first factor four spray treatments (0 and Zn 0.5 ml L-1 water and Fe 2 g L-1 water and Fe+Zn), the second factor adding three levels of humic acid ( 0, 2, and 3)kg ha-1 after melted in a calculated amount of water and add in a groove around the plants for each experimental unit. Results showed the superiority of the treatment of interaction M4H2 (3 kg ha-1Humic acid + Fe+Zn) in pod length 17.67 and 15.23cm pod-1, a number pods 18.62 and 18.65 pod plant-1, weight pod 9.65 and 7.18 g plant-1, number of seeds in pod 6.36 and 6.65 seed pod-1, seed weight 0.174 and 0.165g seed-1, early yield 1.613 and 1.482 ton ha-1 and total yield 14.13 and 10.72 ton ha-1, for two seasons, spring and autumn for every traits respectively .

RESPONSE GREEN BEANS TO SPRAY SOME MICRONUTRIENTS AND ADITION ORGANIC FERTILIZER

This experiment carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during seasons, spring and autumn 2015. Used in agriculture seeds of hybrid primal, one of the short Cultivars. the aim of the experiment study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient in the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was designed as an experiment factorial 3 * 4 and three blocks according to the experimental design RCBD includes every block 12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml. L-1water, 2g Fe.L-1 water and Fe + Zn) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha-1, after melted in a calculated amount of water and insert into the slot around the plants per experimental unit. The results showed the superiority of the treatment of M4 (Fe + Zn) and also the treatment of H2 (3kg ha Humic) in the studied traits As for coefficients interaction has excelled M4H2 by giving altitude plant higher amounted 59.56 and 53.57cm, the number of branches 5.18 and 4.45 branch. Plant-1, leaf area 67.07 and 54.88dm2 plant-1, the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves were 238 and 248mg. 100g-1 fresh weight, dry weight of vegetative growth were 63.73 and 54.48g. plant-1, the percentage of flour set were 62.00 and 66.67%, one Plant yield 176.70 and 133.99g.Plant-1 for two seasons, spring and autumn every traits sequentially.

Influence of humic acid supplemented to sheep diets on rumen enzymatic activity

The objective of the present study was to investigate how different levels of natural humic acid in the diet affect the hydrolases activity in the rumen of sheep. The experiment was carried out on three rumen-fistulated adult sheep. The control animals were fed a diet (K) containing 59.7% meadow hay, 28.4% crushed barley, 9.8% soybean oil meal and 2.1% vitamin mineral mixture. The experimental diets were composed of the control ration supplemented with humic acid (HUMAC natur AFM® containing 65% humic acid in dry matter) and supplied at doses of 10 g · d–1 (diet H10) or 20 g · d–1 (diet H20). Samples of rumen digesta were collected just before the morning feeding, as well as 2, 4, and 8 h afterwards. In the present study, the cellulolytic activity in the rumen digesta was higher (P < 0.01) in sheep fed the K diet than it was in animals fed the H20 ration 2 h after feeding. However, the effect of humic acid on the cellulose degradation rate depended on the content of humic acid in the diet. The cellulolytic activity was increased 2 h after feeding in sheep fed the H10 diet as compared with animals fed the H20 ration (P < 0.05). Sampling time had significant influence on the hydrolases activity in the rumen of sheep. In sheep fed the H10 ration, the cellulolytic activity was higher 8 h after feeding than it was before feeding and 4 h after feeding (P < 0.05). In the H10 and H20 groups, the xylnalolytic activity was higher before feeding, but lower than it was in the control group K. The degradation rates of xylan were decreased 2 and 4 h after feeding in sheep fed the H10 and H20 rations and then increased 8 h after feeding (P < 0.05). In sheep fed the H20 diet, the amylolitic activity 8 h after feeding was higher than it was 2 h after feeding (P < 0.05). The effect of humic acid on the hydrolases activity in the rumen of sheep is not uniform and depends on the quantity of humic acid in the diet and on sampling time. Humic acid present in commercial HUMAC natur AFM® product enhances the initial rate of cellulose degradation in the rumen at a dose of 10 g · d-1. Thus, it may suggest that humic acid stimulates the growth of fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. On the other hand, the present results suggest that humic acid may reduce the rate of carbohydrate degradation in the rumen, since a higher hydrolases activity was observed before morning feeding and 8 h afterwards....

Effect of Iron, KNO3, GA3 and Humic acid on Growth and Leaf Nutrients of Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) Transplants 1-Vegetative Growth

This investigation was conducted during the growing season of 2011-2012, in the nursery of the Malta station/ Duhok. Kurdistan region, Iraq. On two year old Almond transplants, grown in polyethylene bags. The transplants were foliar sprayed two times; 20th April , 10th May 2011, with three levels of Iron (0, 40, 80 mg.l-1), three levels of GA3 (0, 250 and 500 mg.l-1), four levels of KNO3 (0, 50,100, and 200 mg.l-1) and three levels of Humic acid (0, 25 and 50 mg.l-1). The transplants were left under nursery conditions till 1 October, 2011. The experimental was arranged as Factorial including Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with five replicates with five transplants per unit. Foliar spray of Humic acid at 50mg.l-1 increased significantly stem diameter (0.57 cm, lateral shoot length (25.33 cm), lateral shoot number (20.67), leaves number (62.67), leaves fresh (6.30%) and dry weight (3.33%). GA3 at 250 mg.l-1significantly increased leaves area (12.56 cm2), shoot fresh weight (25.4%), and dry weight (15.22%) and root length (38cm). However, 40mgFe.l-1 increases significantly chlorophyll content (66.63%). While, KNO3 significantly affected on root fresh weight (13.16 %), and dry weight (7.62%).

Phenological traits of wheat response to different levels of humic acid and brassinolide

A field experiment was conducted to investigate phonological traits of wheat response to different levels of humic acid and brassinolide at New Developmental Farm The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during Rabi season 2009 -10. The wheat variety Saleem 2000 was sown. The design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in split plot arrangement. Humic acid was assigned to main plot whereas brassinolide was allotted to sub plot. Plot size of 3 x 3.5 m having 10 rows, 30 cm apart were used. Four levels of humic acid (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha) were applied at sowing times. Whereas 5 levels of brassinolide (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg L) were sprayed in foliar form at the tillering stage. Application of 4 kg HA ha delayed days to heading (117.44). Increasing humic acid levels up to 2 kg ha delayed anthesis (124.18) days and maturity (156) days and produced taller (82.69) plants. Increasing brassinolide concentrations up to 2 mg L delayed days to heading (118.25days), anthesis (124.63days) and maturity (158days). Taller (89.56cm) plants were produced through the application of 2 mg BL. Increasing brassinolide concentration up to 2 mg L as combined with 2 kg HA ha delayed days to anthesis. Application of 2 kg HA ha enhanced wheat phenology and thus is recommended for wheat cultivation in the agro climatic conditions of Peshawar for improved phonological traits. Application of 2 mg BL improved wheat phenology and thus is recommended for wheat cultivation in the agro climatic conditions of Peshawar for better phonological traits.

Wheat response to different levels of humic acid and brassinolide

Wheat response to different levels of humic acid and brassinolide