High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Effect of Ketapang Leaf Extract on HDL Levels of Rattus norvegicus Induced by High-fat Foods

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions to transport cholesterol from the blood vessel endothelium to the liver and excreted through the digestive tract so that it does not cause dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Current treatment for dyslipidemia uses long-term statin drugs, which can cause various side effects, so herbal alternatives such as ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.), which contain flavonoids and have the effect of increasing HDL levels, needed to be evaluated to achieve that reason. This study aims to evaluate whether ketapang leaf extract has an effect on increasing blood HDL levels. This research used experimental animals with a pretest and a posttest with a control group design. It was conducted at the Biochemistry Laboratory and Laboratory Animal Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, from September to December 2023. This study used Wistar strain male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were induced on a high-fat diet, divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (given simvastatin), treatment 1 (given 21 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract), treatment 2 (given 42 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract) and treatment 3 (given 84 mg/kgBW ketapang leaf extract). The study results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the average HDL levels before and after treatment in the positive control, treatment 2, and therapy three groups. Thus, the study concluded that ketapang leaf extract affected increasing HDL levels of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Prevalence of cognitive impairment and metabolic syndrome among older adults in calabar metropolis and the associated risk factors

BackgroundThe number of people reaching old age is rising, bringing an increase in age-related diseases like cardiovascular conditions and cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive impairment (CI) impacts various brain functions, affecting daily activities and quality of life. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, has been implicated in CI. This study examines the prevalence of MetS and CI among older adults in Calabar Metropolis and the associated risk factors.MethodsThis study was conducted in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria, with 236 older adults (aged 65 years and above) selected via a multi-stage sampling technique. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Physical examinations and biomarker assessments included measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. MetS was defined according to the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. CI was assessed using the Mini-Cog™ test, with scores ≤ 3 indicating poor cognitive status. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 26.0, employing chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 32.2%, and CI was observed in 44% of participants. Females had a slightly higher prevalence (57.9%) of MetS compared to males (42.1%). Significant differences were found between MetS and non-MetS groups in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, abdominal obesity, and cardiovascular risk. MetS overall was not significantly associated with CI. However, reduced HDL levels were significantly linked to poor cognitive status (OR = 70.528, 95% CI = 3.269-1521.748). Other MetS components did not show significant associations with CI.ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of MetS and CI among older adults in Calabar Metropolis. The findings suggest that while MetS as a whole is not associated with CI, reduced HDL levels are significantly linked to poor cognitive status. The findings emphasize the importance of managing specific metabolic risk factors, particularly HDL, to maintain cognitive health in elderly population.Clinical trial registrationNot applicable.

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Guiera senegalensis on Diabetic Albino Rats

This study investigated the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and body weight effects of G. senegalensis aqueous leaf extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic albino rats. Fifty rats were divided into six groups: a normal control, diabetic untreated (negative control), diabetic treated with a standard anti-diabetic drug (positive control), and diabetic groups receiving low (200 mg/kg), medium (400 mg/kg), and high (600 mg/kg) doses of the G. senegalensis extract. Treatments were administered orally for 28 days. Blood glucose levels, and body weight were measured weekly while the lipid profile was measured after 28days of treatment. Results indicated that G. senegalensis extract significantly lowered p &gt; 0.05 the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, particularly at higher doses. The lipid profile analysis showed a dose-dependent reduction in total cholesterol (TCHOL) and stabilization of triglycerides (TRTG), with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in treated groups compared to the diabetic control. Additionally, diabetic rats treated with the extract exhibited gradual body weight gain, with the high-dose group showing the greatest improvement, contrasting with weight loss observed in untreated diabetic rats. These effects suggest that G. senegalensis may support lipid and glucose homeostasis and improve overall metabolic health in diabetic conditions, its efficacy may be attributed to bio-active compounds with antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing properties, highlighting G. senegalensis as a potential complementary therapy for diabetes management.

Impact of synbiotic on growth performance, histo-architectural modulation of lymphoid organ, hematology, blood biochemistry and humoral immune response in naked neck chicken.

Synbiotics, which synergistically enhance the development and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, play a crucial role in the growth and production of chickens. However, their effects on lymphoid organs and immunity in Naked Neck (NN) chickens are not well understood. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotics on growth performance, histo-architecture of lymphoid organs, hematology, serum biochemistry, and immunity in NN chickens in Bangladesh. In a randomized controlled trial, 120day-old Naked Neck chicks (60 males, 60 females) were randomly assigned to four different treatments (T0M, T0F, T1M, T1F), with six replications per treatment over an 84-day experimental trial. The control group received a commercial diet, while the treatment group was given a commercial diet supplemented with a synbiotic (Protexin®: 1ml/L + Prebiotic Inulin-FOS: 2g/L). Blood samples were collected on days 14, 28, 42, and 56 for hematobiochemical parameters and humoral immune response assessment, while immune organs were collected on 84th day for histomorphometric analyses. The growth performance revealed synbiotic treated group showed significantly higher weight gain with lowest FCR on T1M. Similarly, synbiotic-treated chickens showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight and organosomatic indices of the bursa and thymus. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increased aggregation of B and T lymphocytes, as well as a greater number of aggregated lymphoid nodules in the treated group. Synbiotic-treated chickens also exhibited increased RBC, WBC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and lymphocyte percentage, along with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and significantly (P < 0.01) lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Immunologically, synbiotic-treated NN chickens showed significantly higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease on days 42 and 56. Synbiotic supplementation positively impacted lymphoid organ histomorphometry, hematobiochemical parameters, and immune responses in NN chickens.

Longitudinal associations of lipid profiles with sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease.

To examine the associations of apolipoprotein E (APOE) carrier status and lipid profiles with sleep disorders, including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), among patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) over 5-year follow-up periods. The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is a multicenter cohort study based on an ongoing and open-ended registry. Data from baseline and 5-year follow-up visits from participants of de novo PD were analyzed. Longitudinal associations of APOE carrier status and lipid profiles with sleep disorders were estimated via linear mixed-effects models. A total of 657 participants with complete APOE genotypes were enrolled at baseline. Among them, 153 (25.3%) had available lipid profiles at baseline. In the linear mixed-effects models, baseline APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 carrier status did not exhibit significant associations with EDS and pRBD (all p > 0.05) in all models. However, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated triglycerides (TG) were associated with developing EDS (β = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.00) and pRBD (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) in PD patients, respectively. In the APOE ε4+ subgroup, decreased HDL and increased TG displayed substantial associations with developing EDS and sleep disorders (all p < 0.05) in all models, respectively, whereas no significant differences were noted in the APOE ε4- subgroup (all p > 0.05). Our study did not demonstrate a clear association between APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 and sleep disorders in PD patients. However, the presence of APOE ε4 was associated with changes in lipid profiles, notably affecting TG and HDL levels.

Urinary neonicotinoid exposure and its association with hypertension and dyslipidemia among the elderly: A cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China.

In recent years, neonicotinoids (NEOs) as a new type of insecticide have been increasingly used worldwide, causing significant impacts on human health. This study collected urine samples from 1147 elderly individuals (including 714 in the control group and 433 in the hypertension group) in Shenzhen, China, and detected the concentrations of six types of NEOs and four metabolites of NEOs (mNEOs). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between NEOs exposure and hypertension and dyslipidemia. After measurement, we find that the lowest detection rate (DR) among NEOs is imidacloprid (IMI), at only 39.3%. The NEO with the highest urine median concentration is dinotefuran (DIN) (1.31μg/L), while the mNEO with the highest median concentration is DM-ACE (2.74μg/L). Through univariate analysis, we found that DM-THM may promote the development of hypertension, while logistic regression indicated that IMI-OF could be a risk factor for hypertension. As prototypes of these two metabolites, thiamethoxam (THM) and IMI may also be risk factors for hypertension. Linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between the concentration of thiamethoxam (THD) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, while DIN was positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) level and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Mediation effect analysis showed that THD may influence the risk of hypertension in the elderly by affecting LDL level. Based on this study, we believe that exposure to NEOs may increase the risk of hypertension in the elderly population.

Sodium alginate-based nanoformulation: optimistic approach for enhancing the anti-obesogenic effect of rutin

Background Obesity is a global epidemic that affects all age groups and social classes. Prevention and treatment strategies against obesity have gained little long-term success. Obesity has been shown to be increased rapidly in the last few decades. It is anticipated that by 2030, up to half of the human population will be classified as obese or overweight. Objective This study aimed to develop a polymeric nanoformulation for the oral delivery of rutin in an obese rat model and to explore the anti-obesogenic impact of this nanosized rutin versus free rutin to provide insightful information for understanding the mechanism of action. Materials and methods Sodium alginate-based nanorutin was prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscope and Zetasizer. The obtained rutin nanoformulation and its free form were applied for obesity management in rats fed a high-fat diet. Results and conclusion The data demonstrated that rutin nanoparticles are made up of single spherical units with a diameter that ranged between 96.1 and 157 nm and exhibited negative zeta potential at −16.6 mV. Treatment of obese rats with chitocal, free rutin, or rutin nanoformulation provoked significant reduction in the body weight, thoracic circumference, BMI, and Lee index. Also, they elicited a significant drop in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa B, and leptin levels associated with a significant rise in serum adiponectin and spexin levels. Furthermore, treatment of obese rats with chitocal or rutin nanoformulation elicited significant reduction in body length and abdominal circumference along with significant enhancement in serum high-density lipoprotein level. In conclusion, this approach provides a sparkling proof for the anti-obesogenic potential of rutin nanoformulation through its hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effects as well as its inhibitory action on hyperleptinemia and adipogenesis. The superior antiobesity impact of the formulated nanorutin than its free form may be attributed to the enhancement of the solubility and bioavailability by nanoencapsulation.

Patterns of Dyslipidemia Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus presents a prevalent endocrine and metabolic challenge globally. Type-2 diabetic patients exhibit a heightened incidence of dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), diminished high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or increased triglycerides (TG) levels. This phenomenon poses a significant public health concern both internationally and within our nation. Objective: This study aimed to assess the patterns of dyslipidemia among diabetes patients. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, from July 2018 to June 2019. Both male and female patients with Type2 diabetes were considered as the study population. A total of 90 patients were selected as study subjects through purposive sampling.The study included 45 diabetic patients on therapy, divided into male (A1, n=19) and female (A2, n=26) subgroups. Additionally, 45 newly diagnosed diabetic patients were categorized into male (B1, n=15) and female (B2, n=30) subgroups.Analysis was performed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 22.0. Results: The study found similar ages and BMI among groups. Elevated serum TC was noted in 31.6%, 19.2%, 26.7%, and 30% of subjects in A1, A2, B1, and B2 respectively. High serum TG levels were observed in 36.8%, 38.5%, 40%, and 66.7% of subjects in the respective groups. Dyslipidemia prevalence varied, with A1 at 57.9%, A2 at 53.8%, B1 at 46.7%, and B2 at 76.7%. High HbA1C was prevalent in B1 and B2 (100%). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia patterns among diabetes patients exhibit significant variability, with elevated serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels, alongside reduced high-density lipoprotein levels, commonly observed. These findings underscore the importance of tailored lipid management strategies in mitigating cardiovascular risk in this high-risk population. J Rang Med Col. September 2024; Vol. 9, No. 2: 78-83

Effects of Hinc II Polymorphism in the LDL Receptor Gene on Serum Lipid Levels of Jordanian Individuals with High Risk for Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has presented high prevalence in the Jordanian population. Nevertheless, studies of genetic risk factors for CHD in our country are insufficiently carried out. We are intended to investigated the effects of Hinc II (exon 12) polymorphisms at the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene on circulating lipids of 150 individuals with high risk for CHD (HRG) and 150 controls (C). Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with HincII Restriction enzyme. LDL, TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), and HDL (high density lipoproteins) levels were measured in all subjects. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis was conducted to identify genotype of LDLR gene in (HRG) and 150 controls (C). The results showed a significant correlation existed between this RFLP locus and (HRG), X2=10.6, P&amp;lt;0.05; H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; allele frequency: X2=7.88, P&amp;lt;0.05., H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; allele frequency: X2=7.88, P&amp;lt;0.05. Genotypes H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;- &amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;in high risk group are significantly associated with high levels of LDL, TC, TG, P&amp;lt;0.05 and with low level of HDL P&amp;lt;0.05., while H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; is associated with normal values of serum lipids P&amp;lt;0.05. It is inferred that H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; allele might be associated with high blood cholesterol level, and the H&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; allele with normal level. This study suggests that the differences in LDLRG genotypes might affect the phenotype of lipid metabolism.

High-salt–fat diet: a risk factor for elevated blood pressure associated with dyslipidemia, perturbation in cardio-renal anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in Wistar rats

Abstract Background Fatty and salty diets are reported risk factors in the etiology of hypertension, renal and cardiac failure. Oxidative stress and inflammation are biochemical processes in the onset of most diseases. This study sought to evaluate the role of high-salt–fat diet (HS-HFD) on blood pressure (BP), cardio-renal function, redox and inflammatory status. Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed with normal chow and HS-HFD, respectively. Results After 12 weeks, HS-HFD-fed rats showed considerable weight reduction, elevated systolic and diastolic BP. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were increased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglycerol levels were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in the HS-HFD-fed animals. Angiotensin 1-converting enzyme was elevated in the HS-HFD rats, with no difference in nitric oxide between the two groups. Urea, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, bicarbonate and chloride levels were elevated in the HS-HFD-fed group, while potassium, sodium and magnesium were reduced. Creatine kinase activity was reduced in the heart of HS-HFD rats, with no difference in serum troponin. The kidney of HS-HFD rats showed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) with reduced catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA). Heart SOD, catalase and MDA levels were similar in the two groups, with GPx, GST and GSH elevated in the control. Kidney tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased in HS-HFD group, with no difference in the heart of the rats in the two groups. TGF-β decreased in the kidney and heart of the HS-HFD-fed rats. Conclusions HS-HFD elicited hypertension associated with perturbation in redox and pro-inflammatory status in the kidney and heart of the rats.

Comparative Analysis of Biochemical and Lipid Profile Markers at Different Stages of Lung Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Systemic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and changes in biochemical markers are closely associated with the progression of lung cancer. This study focuses on evaluating serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile parameters, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in relation to the stages of lung cancer, exploring their potential as biomarkers for assessing disease severity. A total of 160 lung cancer patients were selected for a cross-sectional study and equally distributed into four clinical stages (Stages 1-4). PTH, CRP, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), triacylglycerides (TAGs), and IL-6were analyzed in serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescent immunoassay, and enzymatic techniques. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's test and Pearson correlation analysis for body mass index (BMI) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. PTH levels increased significantly as the disease progressed (Stage 1: 10.8 ± 2.5 pg/mL; Stage 4: 498 ± 89.4 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Similarly, CRP (Stage 1: 5.8 ± 1.2 mg/L; Stage 4: 8.6 ± 2.4 mg/L; p = 0.004) and IL-6 (Stage 1: 3.8 ± 0.9 pg/mL; Stage 4: 8.5 ± 2.1 pg/mL; p < 0.001) levels showed significant increases, indicating elevated systemic inflammation in the advanced stages. Lipid profile analysis revealed a decrease in HDL levels (p = 0.042) and an increase in TAG levels (p = 0.031), while LDL levels did not show statistically significant variations (p = 0.085). The ECOG performance status significantly deteriorated with advancing stages (p = 0.001) and was strongly correlated with BMI (r = 0.915; p < 0.001). Lung cancer progression is strongly linked to elevated levels of PTH, CRP, and IL-6, alongside dysregulated lipid profiles. The interplay of systemic inflammation and metabolic alterations underscores key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease. Emerging evidence suggests that PTH and IL-6 hold promise as potential biomarkers for assessing disease severity and progression.

Evaluation of the Effects of Empagliflozin on Serum Levels of Triglycerides and Cholesterol in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertriglyceridemia: A Prospective Study

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter -2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may improve lipid panels in addition to lowering blood sugar. This research examined how empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, affected triglycerides in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertriglyceridemia Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Endocrinology Clinic of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran, in 2020. Thirty-eight patients were included using convenient sampling. The patients’ information including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 2-hour postprandial blood sugar, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), serum insulin level, serum creatinine Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Blood pressure, and urine albumin before and three months after receiving empagliflozin 10mg tablets were collected from the clinic medical archives and compared using paired t-test in SPSS software version 22. Results: BMI, microalbuminuria, BUN, FBS, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar, and HbA1c were improved significantly (P&lt; 0.05) after treatment with empagliflozin. In terms of lipid panels, triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL levels were improved significantly after treatment with empagliflozin (P&lt; 0.05). HDL levels increased following the treatment but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no linear correlation between HbA1c and HDL (P= 0.183) or triglyceride (P= 0.947) levels. Conclusion: Empagliflozin improves triglycerides and cholesterol levels in patients with T2DM in addition to its antihyperglycemic effects. It also reduces BMI, blood pressure, BUN, and microalbuminuria

Estimation of lipid profile and some inflammatory biomarkers in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 linked to hypertension

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and hypertension are two common diseases that impact a significant section of the population . Pro-inflammatory mediators such as Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels are proposed to be linked to these diseases. The present study was aimed to explore the link between IFN- γ, CRP and lipid profile levels In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) connected to hypertension. The current study included 78 patients who had T2DM and 40 samples were collected from healthy people, both aged from 35 to 60 years. The total number of T2DM patients group were divided into two groups: 41 patients with Hypertension (HP) and 37 patients without HP, and according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). In addition, the relationship between gender and these diseases was also investigated. The results showed that the levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL), and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) were significantly increased in T2DM patients in both women and men. The results also showed a significant increase in the levels of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL in overweighted T2DM patients with HP. However, the levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly decreased in all T2DM patients. Moreover, the levels of CRP were significantly increased in T2DM female and male patients. However, the levels of IFN-γ significantly decreased in T2DM female and male patients. Furthermore, body fat percentage and waist/hip ratio significantly increased and were associated with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), TC, and CRP in T2DM patients. The findings confirm that lipid profile and pro-inflammatory parameters, such as CRP and IFN-γ, could have a significant impact on T2DM burden that is connected to the presence of HP. Therefore, regulating of lipid profile and pro-inflammatory parameters (CRP and IFN-γ) could protect against development and progression of T2DM accompanied by HP.

Evaluation of the relationship between types of menopause and cognitive function.

Menopause is often accompanied by neurological symptoms, including cognitive difficulties, especially with memory and attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the timing of menopause and the cognitive performance of menopausal patients who applied to our neurology clinic with complaints of forgetfulness. The data of 538 women who applied to the neurology clinic with complaints of forgetfulness between January 2018 and January 2024 and underwent neuropsychological evaluations were scanned retrospectively. A total of 96 patients who applied to the neurology and menopause clinics were included in the study. The attention orientation, verbal fluency, memory, and total Addenbrooke's cognitive evaluation battery-revised (ACE-R) test scores were significantly higher in the >50-year-old menopausal group when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). A statistically significant, negative, and weak relationship was detected between the body mass index (BMI) and memory scores (r = 0.3, p < 0.001). A statistically significant, positive, and weak relationship was detected between the high-density lipoprotein level and verbal fluency score, memory score and ACE-R score (r = 0.3, p < 0.001). A statistically significant, negative, and weak relationship was detected between the BMI and memory scores (r = 0.3, p < 0.001). The relationship between the cognitive performance of menopausal women and the timing of menopause was examined herein. The ACE-R, attention and orientation, visual, verbal fluency, and memory scores were significantly higher in women ≥50 years of age who entered menopause compared to those <40 years of age and those between 40 and 50 years of age. This study provides evidence that advancing age at menopause is associated with better cognitive performance. This relationship is most evident in the areas of the attention, verbal fluency, memory, and visuospatial domains.

Clinical and Genomic Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Subtypes.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex, heterogeneous disease with distinct etiological mechanisms. These different etiologies may give rise to multiple subtypes of CAD that could benefit from alternative preventions and treatments. However, so far, there have been no systematic efforts to predict CAD subtypes using clinical and genetic factors. Here, we trained and applied statistical models incorporating clinical and genetic factors to predict CAD subtypes in 26 036 patients with CAD in the UK Biobank. We performed external validation of the UK Biobank models in the US-based All of Us cohort (8598 patients with CAD). Subtypes were defined as high versus normal LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, high versus normal Lpa (lipoprotein A) levels, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction versus non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, occlusive versus nonocclusive CAD, and stable versus unstable CAD. Clinical predictors included levels of ApoA, ApoB, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), triglycerides, and CRP (C-reactive protein). Genetic predictors were genome-wide and pathway-based polygenic risk scores (PRSs). Results showed that both clinical-only and genetic-only models can predict CAD subtypes, while combining clinical and genetic factors leads to greater predictive accuracy. Pathway-based PRSs had higher discriminatory power than genome-wide PRSs for the Lpa and LDL subtypes and provided insights into their etiologies. The 10-pathway PRS most predictive of the LDL subtype involved cholesterol metabolism. Pathway PRS models had poor generalizability to the All of Us cohort. In summary, we present the first systematic demonstration that CAD subtypes can be distinguished by clinical and genomic risk factors, which could have important implications for stratified cardiovascular medicine.

Exosomes Derived from Adipose Mesenhymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Lipid Metabolism Disturbances Following Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Miniature Swine.

The liver plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism. Our study examined the impact of Exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs-Exo) on lipid metabolism following liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) combined with partial hepatectomy. We developed a miniature swine model for a minimally invasive hemi-hepatectomy combined with liver IRI. In this study, we administered PBS, ADSCs-Exo, and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) individually through the portal vein. Before and after surgery, we evaluated various factors including hepatocyte ultrastructure, lipid accumulation in liver tissue, and expression levels of genes and proteins associated with lipid metabolism. In addition, we measured serum and liver tissue levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (CHOL). TEM and oil red O stain indicated a significant reduction in liver steatosis following ADSCs-Exo treatment, which also elevated serum levels of HDL, LDL, TG, and CHOL. Additionally, ADSCs-Exo have been shown to significantly decrease serum concentrations of HDL, LDL, TG, and CHOL in the liver (p < 0.05). Finally, ADSCs-Exo significantly downregulated lipid synthesis-related genes and proteins, including SREBP-1, SREBP-2, ACC1, and FASN (p < 0.05), while upregulating lipid catabolism-related genes and proteins, such as PPAR-α and ACOX1 (p < 0.05). ADSCs-Exo as a cell-free therapy highlights its therapeutic potential in hepatic lipid metabolism abnormalities.

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile in adult patients under hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the global population and leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis is a common treatment for ESRD, but patients often have low carnitine levels, leading to dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of mortality. This study aimed to assess the effects of L-carnitine on lipid profiles in adult hemodialysis patients. A comprehensive search was conducted across the online databases from inception to June 2024 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of L-carnitine on lipid profiles in hemodialysis patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed, focusing on primary outcomes, including changes in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and secondary outcomes including blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI). A total of 28 RCTs were eligible for the current systematic review, including 1,340 hemodialysis patients (671 intervention, 669 control). There were no significant differences in the mean change of TG (SMD: -0.006; 95% CI, -0.272 to 0.259; P = 0.95), TC (SMD: -0.086; 95% CI, -0.253 to -0.079; P = 0.29), HDL (SMD: 0.060; 95% CI, -0.057 to 0.177; P = 0.29), LDL (SMD: -0.075; 95% CI, -0.274 to 0.123; P = 0.43), VLDL (SMD: -0.064; 95% CI, -0.272 to 0.142; P = 0.51), BMI (SMD: -0.025; 95% CI, -0.139 to 0.088; P = 0.56), systolic BP (SMD: 0.055; 95% CI, -0.110 to 0.220; P = 0.43), and diastolic BP (SMD: -0.028; 95% CI, 0.156 to 0.099; P = 0.56). The same insignificant findings were observed after conducting a subgroup analysis based on the route of administration (intravenous vs. Oral). L-carnitine supplementation does not significantly change and improve the serum lipid profile, including TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and VLDL levels. Additionally, it has no notable effects on BMI, systolic, or diastolic BP.

Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein are Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Although dyslipidemia has been shown to be associated with breast cancer prognosis, the prognostic value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative HDL levels and prognosis in TNBC patients. Preoperative HDL levels and clinical data from 287 patients who underwent TNBC surgery were retrospectively collected. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed via the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Via the combination of receiver operating characteristics and Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that low HDL levels were a prognostic factor for TNBC. Patients with lower HDL levels had a significantly lower T1 ratio than patients with higher HDL levels and exhibited a significantly higher neoadjuvant chemotherapy ratio than patients with higher HDL levels. In univariate analysis, the DFS and OS of patients with low HDL levels were worse than those of patients with high HDL levels in terms of DFS (HR: 0.452; 95% CI: 0.237-0.862; P = 0.016) and OS (HR: 0.438; 95% CI: 0.199-0.968; P = 0.041). However, in the multivariate analysis, there was no difference observed between patients with low HDL levels and those with high HDL levels in terms of DFS or OS. According to the subgroup analysis, lymph node-negative (N-) patients with low levels of HDL had worse DFS and OS than did patients with high HDL levels. However, in lymph node-positive (N+) patients, there was no difference observed in prognosis between the high- and low-HDL groups. Low HDL levels are correlated with the progression of TNBC. Moreover, low HDL levels (particularly in patients who are N-) have been identified as a significant prognostic factor impacting the prognosis of TNBC patients; however, these levels do not represent an independent prognostic factor.

Investigation into the molecular mechanisms of biomarkers in psoriasis vulgaris with reduced high-density lipoprotein levels based on bulk transcriptome sequencing data.

It has been found that severe lipid metabolism disorders are often present in patients with Psoriasis, including decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This study initially explored the impact of HDL level variations on psoriasis by collecting. This study collected 12 blood samples and 9 skin samples from psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis vulgaris with reduced HDL levels and performed bulk RNA sequencing. The genes expressed explicitly in both tissue and blood samples from psoriasis vulgaris patients with low HDL levels were selected to explore their molecular regulation in psoriasis vulgaris further, to elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriasis. A total of 421 specific DEGs in blood and 143 specific DEGs in skin from PN groups were obtained, and these genes were enriched in the terms and pathways related to inflammation and immune system. Also, biomarkers were screened out with same expression pattern in both blood and skin samples. Five intersecting differential genes (METRNL, NDEL1, HLA-DRA, MZB1, MKRN3) were obtained. Their function was further predicted. In conclusion, our research identified five biomarkers in psoriasis that are associated with low HDL levels. Furthermore, our findings revealed that alterations in HDL levels in psoriasis may exacerbate the clinical manifestations of psoriasis through regulation of immune response and lipid metabolism.

The Association between High-density Lipoproteins and Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is one of the most typical chronic dental diseases. This inflammatory disease can change various functions of immune cells and impair lipid metabolism through proinflammatory cytokines. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is considered protective of the cardiovascular system. It has anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this article, we have reviewed the association between periodontitis and HDL. Various studies have demonstrated a reverse relationship between inflammatory cytokines and HDL. HDL contains antioxidative enzymes and proteins, whereas periopathogens impair HDL's antioxidant function. The presence of periodontal bacteria is associated with a low HDL level in patients with periodontitis. Genetic variants in the interleukin- 6 (IL)-6 gene and cytochrome (CYP)1A1 rs1048943 gene polymorphism are associated with HDL levels and periodontal status. Studies showed that HDL levels improve after treatment for periodontitis. On the one hand, periodontal pathogenic bacteria and their metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines from periodontal infection can result in various disorders of lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation stimulate proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in oxidative stress and delayed wound healing, making individuals susceptible to periodontitis.