High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Effectiveness of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed database up to January 2024. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs). Ten studies were included in our review. The RYGB group demonstrated significantly better outcomes compared to the non-surgical group in multiple measures. These included higher triple criteria compliance rates (OR 9.04, 95% CI 3.22-25.36), complete T2DM remission (OR 15.37, 95% CI 4.42-53.41), and partial T2DM remission (OR 11.49, 95% CI 3.57-37.03). Additionally, improvements were observed in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (SMD - 1.41, 95% CI - 2.22 to - 0.61), with HbA1c < 6.0% (OR 8.54, 95% CI 3.38-21.62) and HbA1c < 7.0% (OR 5.62, 95% CI 3.20-9.86). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels also showed improvement (SMD - 0.43, 95% CI - 0.71 to - 0.14), with a higher proportion achieving FBG < 100mg/dl (OR 11.83, 95% CI 4.75-29.43). Other notable outcomes included significant percentage of total weight loss (%TWL: SMD 1.88, 95% CI 1.39-2.37), reductions in body mass index (BMI: SMD - 2.28, 95% CI - 3.52 to - 1.04), and improvements in lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (SMD - 1.01, 95% CI - 1.91 to - 0.11) and LDL < 2.59mmol/L (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.94-6.87). In addition, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased (SMD 1.30, 95% CI 0.55-2.05), while triglycerides (SMD - 1.11, 95% CI - 1.70 to - 0.52), systolic blood pressure (SBP: SMD - 0.38, 95% CI - 0.70 to - 0.06), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP: SMD - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.18) decreased. A greater proportion of patients in the RYGB group achieved SBP < 130mmHg (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.61-6.13). Moreover, reductions were noted in insulin use (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.46), diabetes medication use (SMD - 1.95, 95% CI - 3.32 to - 0.57), and peripheral neuropathy (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.79). However, no significant differences were observed in hypertension medication use or retinopathy between the two groups. RYGB was found to be effective in improving glycemic control, promoting weight loss, enhancing lipid profiles, and managing blood pressure. It also significantly reduced the need for postoperative diabetes medications and the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in people living with T2DM.

Tryptophan and/or canthaxanthin in quail diets: effects on performance, carcass traits, hematology, blood chemistry and hepatic antioxidant capacity.

To enhance the health and performance of poultry, novel approaches have to be created. Using appropriate nutritional interventions to enhance body physiology and thus enhance productivity is one of these approaches. The purpose of the present investigation intended to examine how growing quail physiology and growth is affected by supplementing diets with tryptophan (Trp) and/or canthaxanthin (CX). The sum of 200 unsexed, 1-week-age Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with a nearly similar body weight (BW) of 33.50 ± 1.20 g, were assigned, in random, to four experimental groups. Each group consisted of five replicates, with 10 birds per replicate. Chicks in group 1 (T1) served as the control and were fed a basal diet without any supplementation from week 1 to week 5. The second (T2) and third (T3) groups received feed supplemented with 0.01 % Trp and 0.005 % CX, respectively. The fourth group (T4) was given a diet containing a combination of 0.01 % Trp and 0.005 % CX. Results indicated that supplementation with Trp, CX, or their combination significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced live BW and body weight gain (BWG) at 5 weeks. No noticeable variations in carcass characteristics were found across all treatments over the whole trial duration. Blood levels of high-density lipoprotein were considerably greater in the Trp and/or CX-fed group than in the control group. Adding Trp and/orCX to quail diets significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the activity of liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, ALT; aspartate transaminase, AST; alkaline phosphatase, ALP), along with reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Birds received diets with Trp and/or CX had higher values of antioxidant indices in serum and liver (P < 0.05), accompanied by low values of malondialdehyde compared to control group. We concluded that adding quail diet with Trp and/orCX had positive consequences on the growth performance and some physiological indices.

The Associations Between Sleep Duration and Various Metabolic Health Indices Among Adults in the United States: A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021 to 2023 Dataset.

This study explores the associations between various sleep durations and metabolic health indices, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and waist circumference. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021 to 2023, were analyzed. MANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationships between sleep duration (sleep deprivation (≤5 h), short sleep (5-7 h), recommended sleep (7-9 h), and long sleep (>9 h)) and metabolic health indices. MANOVA revealed significant group differences between sleep duration and metabolic health indices, with Wilks' Lambda (Λ) = .98, F (3, 5095) = 4.26, P < .001. Compared to recommended sleep duration, both sleep deprivation and short sleep were associated with higher DBP (Ps < .01) and waist circumference (Ps < .001), and lower HDL levels (Ps < .05) Long sleep was associated with lower HDL levels (P < .01) and lower total cholesterol (P < .01). The study highlights the detrimental associations of both sleep deprivation and short sleep with metabolic health, such as elevated blood pressure and waist circumference, and lowered HDL cholesterol. Long sleep may also negatively impact metabolic health by reducing HDL.

HDL proteome and apolipoproteins concentrations in severe ICU COVID-19 patients

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection affects both lipid metabolism and lung function. The severity of the disease has been associated with reduced levels of both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Despite the crucial role that these nanoparticles play in SARS-CoV-2 infection, few studies have examined their structure during COVID-19 beyond HDL quantity.The study aimed to assess apolipoprotein levels in COVID-19 patients who either survived or died following ICU admission. In addition, ICU survivors and non-survivors were compared for HDL particle size and proteome.MethodsBetween February and April 2020, our study enrolled 37 COVID-19 patients upon their intensive care unit admission. Among them, 18 survived the disease, while 19 succumbed to it. We used mass spectrometry to assess plasma levels of 14 apolipoproteins and LCAT. Additionally, we analyzed HDL subpopulation distribution by utilizing native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HDL particles were isolated from both surviving and non-surviving patients using ultracentrifugation, followed by characterization of their proteomes with NanoLC-MS/MS.ResultsPlasma apolipoproteins, including Apo A-II, Apo Cs (I, II, III), Apo H, Apo J, Apo M, and LCAT, were decreased in patients who did not survive COVID-19. However, no alterations were noted in the distribution of HDL subpopulations in relation to mortality. HDL composition was further altered based on mortality, displaying a decline in Apo H and paraoxonase 3.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have shown an alteration in plasma apolipoproteins and HDL composition between surviving COVID-19 patients and non-survivors. Some markers, such as Apo H, are more predictive than baseline lipid concentrations such as HDL-C. These markers appear to provide a more accurate indication of mortality during COVID-19 compared with baseline lipid concentrations such as HDL-C.

Association of ultra-processed food-related metabolites with selected biochemical markers in the UK Biobank

BackgroundUltra-processed food (UPF) intake is positively associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Serum metabolites may elucidate these mechanisms. We investigated serum metabolites correlated with UPF and un/minimally processed food (UNPF) intake and evaluated their association with selected biochemical markers.MethodsCross-sectional study within the UK biobank, including a total of 72,817 participants with 24-hour recall dietary data and 134 nuclear magnetic resonance metabolites. UPF and UNPF intakes were evaluated using the NOVA classification, and related metabolites were identified using elastic net penalized regression. A UPF metabolomic signature was computed as a weighted sum of UPF-related metabolites, using elastic net coefficients as weights. Associations between UPF and UNPF-related metabolites, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and testosterone were examined using multiple quantile regression.ResultsElastic net model identified 17 and 15 metabolites uniquely related to UPF and UNPF intake, respectively. Acetoacetate, acetone, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, ω-3 fatty acids (FA), total lipids in large HDL cholesterol, and valine levels were decreased, but free cholesterol in extremely small very low-density lipoproteins (LDL), glutamine, glycine, glycoprotein acetyls, lactate, saturated FA, sphingomyelins, triglycerides in large LDL, and triglycerides in medium HDL levels were increased with high UPF intake. Opposite relationships were observed for UNPF intake. Heterogeneous associations were observed between UPF-related metabolites and CRP, IGF-1, SHBG, and testosterone levels. A UPF metabolomic signature was positively associated with CRP (regression coefficient per standard deviation, 1.45, 95% confidence interval, 1.385, 1.515) and negatively associated with IGF-1 (-3.16, -4.493, -1.827) and SHBG (-13.878, -15.291, -12.465).ConclusionA UPF metabolomic profile, including VLDL free cholesterol, saturated FA, triglycerides, glutamine, glycine, and glycoprotein acetyl was associated with inflammatory, insulin signalling, and reproductive biomarkers. This metabolomic profile should be explored as a potential mediators of UPF-disease associations, and as an objective marker of UPF intake.

Effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on plasma levels of EETs, arachidonic acids derived lipid mediators.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are closely associated with lipoprotein metabolism, and changes in lipid profiles potentially affect their levels and functions. Given the alterations in lipid metabolism after cholecystectomy, this study aimed to investigate the levels of four EET regioisomers (free and esterified) and lipid profiles in patients with cholelithiasis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and explore correlations between these parameters. This prospective study involved 40 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis who underwent LC. Plasma EETs and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and body mass index (BMI) values were determined preoperatively and after 6 months of LC. After LC, triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein levels increased while TC decreased. BMI values increased significantly after the operation. Despite plasma EET levels decreasing remarkably after surgery, this change did not reach statistical significance. A significant correlation was observed between preoperative levels of 8,9- and 11,12-EET and pre-and post-operative HDL. There was a significant negative correlation between the EET levels measured before and after surgery and the change in BMI values. In this study, we observed significant changes in lipid profile 6 months after LC. While HDL, low-density lipoprotein, and EET levels showed a decreasing trend post-surgery, this change was not statistically significant. This trend and their significant correlations may indicate a complex relationship between HDL and EET metabolism. In addition, the negative correlation between EET levels and BMI changes highlights the need for further research to elucidate the metabolic impact and weight regulation of EETs after LC.

Effect of water extract of Mangosteen peel (Gracinia Mangostana L.) fermented by probiotics on meat chemistry, abdominal fat and blood lipid profile of broilers

This study aims to determine the effect of administering fermented Mangosteen peel water extract (FMWE) in drinking water on meat chemistry, abdominal fat and blood lipid profile of broilers. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 treatments with 5 replications and each replication using 40 day-old-chick (DOC) broilers with homogeneous body weight, so that a total of 160 DOC broilers were used. The treatments were: drinking water without FMWEas control (P0); drinking water+1.5% FMWE (P1); drinking water+3% FMWE (P2); and drinking water+4.5% FMWE (P3).The results of the study showed that giving 4.5% FMWE in broiler drinking water from 0-4 weeks of age had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on reducing meat water content and meat ash content. On the other hand, it significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased the fat content of broiler meat. The inclusion of 1.5-4.5% FMWE in broiler drinking water from 0-4 weeks of age did not have a significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and abdominal fat levels. However, it significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased the content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in broiler blood serum. It can be concluded that the administration of 4.5% water extract of fermented Mangosteen peel in broiler drinking water significantly reduces the water content and ash content of meat. On the contrary, it significantly increased the meat fat content and blood serum HDL levels of broilers.

Mechanisms of combined deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics supplementation for regulating obesity in mice

Objective: This study investigated the mechanisms related to lipid metabolism regulation after combined supplementation with deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics. Methods: Thirty-two male mice were divided into high-fat diet, HD + deer antler polysaccharides, HD + Bacillus coagulans postbiotics, and HD + deer antler polysaccharides + B. coagulans postbiotics groups. The diets contained 60% fat. After 9 weeks, the effects of deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics on lipid metabolism were assessed through blood biochemical, histological tissue staining, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Results: Supplementation with deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics significantly inhibited weight gain in obese mice, reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and markedly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, hepatic lipid droplet accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy improved. The expressions of the lipid synthesis genes, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (i.e. SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (i.e. FAS), significantly decreased, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (i.e. PPAR-α) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (i.e. ACOX1) expression significantly increased. The expressions of the inflammation-related genes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (i.e. TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 also significantly decreased. Conclusion: Thus, combined deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotic supplementation regulated obesity in mice, potentially by modulating lipid synthesis and inflammation-related gene expression.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Lipids in People with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in people with overweight or obesity. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, covering data up to 27 October 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. AE significantly improved blood lipids in people with overweight or obesity (TG: SMD = −0.54; p &lt; 0.00001; TC: SMD = −0.24; p = 0.003; HDL: SMD = 0.33; p = 0.003; LDL: SMD = −0.42; p = 0.0005). Both moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity AE demonstrated significant impacts in reducing TC, TG, and LDL, whereas only moderate-intensity exercise significantly elevated HDL. Additionally, AE significantly optimized blood lipids in those with overweight, with TG being the only parameter showing improvement in individuals with obesity. Moreover, continuous AE notably improved HDL and TG, while interval AE significantly reduced TG, TC, and LDL. Lastly, a clear positive correlation emerged between the duration of the intervention and the decrease in LDL, and a distinct negative correlation was observed between session duration and the reduction of LDL.

Serum HDL and their subfractions are impaired in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

BackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe post-COVID condition due to a delayed hyperimmune response to SARS-CoV-2. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are pivotal players in inflammatory and immune modulation through the remodeling of their subfractions.MethodsThis study aimed to evaluate serum levels of cholesterol, HDL, and HDL subfractions (HDL-SUB) to define their role in the pathogenesis of MIS-C and their potential use as biomarkers of this condition. We analyzed serum cholesterol, HDL and HDL-SUB (by capillary electrophoresis) in relation to serum values of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial damage (by microfluidic immunoassays) in 48 patients with MIS-C at hospital admission and in 48 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.ResultsSerum cholesterol, as well as HDL, were significantly lower in MIS-C patients than controls. Serum cholesterol was inversely correlated with all biomarkers of inflammation, confirming the impact of cytokines on reverse cholesterol transport, whereas HDL values were inversely correlated with serum biomarkers of endothelial damage, suggesting a role of HDL in endothelial damage in MIS-C patients. Furthermore, we found a remodeling of HDL-SUB with a more pronounced decrease in small HDL that have anti-inflammatory activity.ConclusionsThese data confirm the severe impairment of reverse cholesterol transport in MIS-C and indicate serum HDL and HDL-SUB as potential useful diagnostic biomarkers of MIS-C.

Synergistic Assessment of Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Massularia acuminata Extracts on Serum Electrolyte and Lipid Profile Indices of Dyslipidemia in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Aluminum Chloride Toxicity

Background: Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) toxicity is a growing concern due to its prevalence usage in various industrial and environmental settings. Prolonged exposure to aluminum chloride can lead to oxidative stress, electrolyte imbalances, and alterations in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation of ascorbic acid and Massularia acuminata extracts on electrolyte function and lipid profile parameters in adult Wistar rats exposed to aluminum chloride toxicity. Methodology: The stem barks of Massularia acuminata were air-dried at room temperature for thirty (30) days and were mechanically ground into fine powder by using an electrical mill. The powder was kept in air-tight container until use. Six hundred (600 g) of the dried powders was dissolved in 4 litres of 80 % (v/v) of methanol, ethanol and butanol respectively for 72 h with occasional agitation using sterile rod. The resulting mixture obtained was then filtered using pieces of white cotton gauze and concentrated in a rotary evaporator following by dryness under vacuo at 40 0C in a rotary evaporator. The extracts that were obtained were then concentrated to dryness ‘in vacuo’ to yield the respective solvent extracts For the animal study, then, fifty Adult Wistar rats was randomly divided into several groups, including a control group, an aluminum chloride-exposed group, and treatment groups supplemented with ascorbic acid, Massularia acuminata extracts, and combination of both in varied doses. The dosage of supplementation was determined based on preliminary experiments and relevant literature. The rats in the aluminum chloride-exposed group and the treatment groups received oral administration of aluminum chloride at a specific dose of (34 mg/kg) for a defined duration to induce toxicity. The control group received a placebo. The treatment groups received supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Massularia acuminata extracts received daily oral supplementation of ascorbic acid, Massularia acuminata extracts, or a combination of both, while the control and aluminum chloride-exposed groups received a placebo. Results: The result showed that there was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in the lipid profile of Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and a non-significant decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) treated with vitamin C while a significant decrease in the level of HDL, VLDL, LDL and cholesterol were observed from the groups treated with the various plant extracts. Conclusion: From the study, it can therefore be concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Massularia acuminata has protective effect against aluminium chloride induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and alterations in lipid and electrolyte profile in Wistar rats.

Nutritional assessment and antioxidant potential of selected meat types consumed in Owhelogbo, Delta State, Nigeria

The present study aims at evaluating the nutritional value and antioxidant potential of various meat types (beef, pork, chicken, catfish and snails) consumed in Owhelogbo, community in Isoko Local Government, Delta State, Nigeria. The different meat samples were analyzed for nutritional composition and antioxidant properties. The results obtained show that the protein content varied from 20.09 to 61.74%, while the fat content varied from 2.00 to 12.08%. The calcium content ranged from 10.30 to 143.73 mg/100 g, while the phosphorous content ranged from 100.85 to 300.11 mg/100g. The linoleic acid content was in a range from 10.91 to 29.54%, while the linolenic acid content ranged from 0.84 to 5.53%. The content of vitamin A and vitamin D varied from 4.61 to 110.69 µg/100g and 2.15 to 18.05 µg/100g, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging ability and FRAP inhibitory activities of the different meat types ranged from 50.84 to 65.64% and 0.88 to 1.59%, respectively. The levels of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were in a range from 13.34 to 21.90 mg/dL and 2.30 to 5.59 mg/dL, respectively. The level of low density lipoprotein was the lowest in snail meat (SN), which suggests that it may be useful in managing obesity and preventing disorders linked to lipids. Consequently, the results conclude that snail meat may be a more valuable and innovative source of animal protein than beef, pork, chicken, and catfish.

Clinical Predictors of Aspirin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aspirin treatment is recommended as a secondary prevention strategy and could be a potential primary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, aspirin resistance is notably common among diabetic patients, compromising the efficacy of aspirin treatment. Hence, our study sought to assess the clinical predictors of aspirin resistance (AR) in T2DM patients. We conducted a systematic search of three major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) to identify relevant articles up to September 17, 2024. Details of publications and investigated parameters were extracted from the selected studies. The meta package in the R language software was utilized to synthesize the evidence concerning clinical predictors of AR. We applied either a fixed- or random effects model based on the heterogeneity observed among the included studies. The pooled results were visually displayed using forest plots. In total, 10 publications were finally included in our study (n = 2113 patients). AR was predominantly linked to specific laboratory parameters, particularly those indicative of heightened insulin resistance and inadequate lipid management. Specifically, the laboratory parameters associated with AR included fasting glucose level (mean difference (MD) = 8.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.55 to 13.88), glycated hemoglobin (MD = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.38), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (MD = -2.02; 95% CI = -3.62 to -0.42), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (MD = 7.00; 95% CI = 2.87 to 11.13), total cholesterol level (MD = 9.52; 95% CI = 4.37 to 14.67), and triglyceride levels (MD = 12.51; 95% CI = 3.47 to 21.55). Markers associated with dyslipidemia and blood glucose levels are robust indicators of AR in individuals with T2DM. These findings imply that assessing lipid and glucose regulation could enhance the development of personalized preventive approaches for vascular complications linked to diabetes. CRD42023388170, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=388170.

The Use of Coffee Cherry Pulp Extract as an Alternative to an Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Broiler Diets.

Coffee cherry pulp (CCP) is a by-product of coffee bean production. CCP contains amounts of phenolic compounds that are beneficial for animals. This study evaluated the impact of coffee cherry pulp extract (CCPE) supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry, cecum microbial population, intestinal morphology, and immune and antioxidant responses of broilers. Five hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to five groups: a basal diet control, a basal diet with antibiotic growth promoters at 0.25 g/kg, and groups supplemented with CCPE at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg diet over 35 days. The results showed that throughout the experimental period, the groups supplemented with CCPE improved their final weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). CCPE at 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg diet reduced the average daily feed intake (p < 0.05). In addition, CCPE at 0.5 g/kg reduced levels of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05). Triglyceride levels were the lowest in CCPE 2.0 (p < 0.05). In the group supplemented with CCPE at all levels, the high-density lipoprotein levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). Drip loss in the breast at 24 and 48 h decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, live weight, defeathered weight, and carcass weight significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CCPE improved intestinal morphology, especially villus height and the villus height per crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05). CCPE supplementation also reduced pathogenic bacteria, increased Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05), and increased the expression of immune-related genes and antioxidant activity in the liver and intestines (p < 0.05). Therefore, the use of CCPE as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler feed improved growth performance and health parameters in broilers. It provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for supplementary feed, contributing to more efficient poultry nutrition management.

Clinical study on the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.

At present, the existing internal medicine drug treatment can alleviate the high glucose toxicity of patients to a certain extent, to explore the efficacy of laparoscopic jejunoileal side to side anastomosis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the report is as follows. To investigate the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with T2DM who were treated via jejunoileal lateral anastomosis. Metabolic indicators were collected preoperatively, as well as at 3 and 6 months postoperative. The metabolic indicators analyzed included body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour blood glucose (PBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting C-peptide, 2-hour C-peptide (PCP), fasting insulin (Fins), 2-hour insulin (Pins), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), β Cellular function index (HOMA-β), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein, and uric acid (UA) levels. SBP, DBP, PBG, HbA1c, LDL-C, and TG were all significantly lower 3 months postoperative vs preoperative values; body weight, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, PBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, UA, and HOMA-IR values were all significantly lower 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months; and PCP, Fins, Pins, and HOMA-β were all significantly higher 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months (all P < 0.05). Side-to-side anastomosis of the jejunum and ileum can effectively treat T2DM and improve the metabolic index levels associated with it.

The association between plasma ceramides and the main cardiovascular risk factors in coal mining industry workers

Aim: To assess the relationship between serum ceramides and the main cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in coal mining industry workers. Material and methods: The single-center study included 209 Kuzbass mining industry workers aged 39.0 (34.0; 45.0) years. The median length of service in underground mining was 14.0 (10.0; 16.0) years. The traditional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated and the ceramide content Cer (d18:1) with a fatty acid residue with a different length of the hydrocarbon chain was analyzed. Results: The results revealed high rates of smoking (73.2 %), arterial hypertension (AH) (63.3 %), alcohol consumption (54.1 %), dyslipidemia (64.6 %) and obesity (24.9 %) in coal industry workers. Hypercholesterolemia (60.3 %) and elevated levels of lowdensity lipoproteins (LDL-С) (34.5 %) were the most common variant of dyslipidemia. Moreover, we detected low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-С) (23.9 %) and hypertriglyceridemia (23 %) in coal industry workers with the same frequency. Respondents over 40 years of age showed worse clinical profile compared to younger participants due to a higher number of cases with hypertension, higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, plasma cholesterol (TC). In addition, older respondents presented with hyperglycemia 2 times more often and with hypercholesterolemia 1.4 times more often compared to younger respondents. Taking into account the age of participants, comparative analysis of ceramides did not reveal any statistically significant differences. The length of service in the industry was characterized by a higher age of the respondents, a higher frequency of hypertension, as well as higher values of DBP and concentration of TC. There were no differences in the frequency of dyslipidemia and its variants. The content of Cer (d18:1/21:0) increased with length of service, and the content of Cer(d18:1/24:0) had an inverse relationship and decreased with increasing length of service in underground mining. Thus, the levels of Cer(d18:1/12:0) and Cer(d18:1/22:0) were associated with a high risk of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, high LDL, and hypertriglyceridemia. The maximum number of ceramides studied was associated with the risk of developing high LDL levels. Conclusions. Findings showed high frequency of traditional CVD risk factors such as AH, smoking, alcohol consumption, dyslipidemia and obesity in coal industry workers. The concentration of the studied ceramides did not depend on the age of workers. Longer length of service in the coal industry was associated with an increase in plasma concentrations of ceramides such as Cer(d18:1/14:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer d18:1/21:0, and a decrease in Cer(d18:1/24:0). Cer (d18:1/24:0) was not associated with any of the parameters characterizing lipid metabolism disorders. Cer(d18:1/12:0) and Cer(d18:1/22:0) levels were associated with a high risk of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-С, high LDL-С and hypertriglyceridemia.

Characterization and interactions between piperine and ezetimibe in their Anti-hyperlipidemic efficacy using Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics

BackgroundPiperine, a secondary metabolite, affects the antihyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZ). Hyperlipidemia is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Antihyperlipidemic drugs are essential for reducing cardiovascular events and patient mortality. Our study aimed to improve the solubility of EZ, a lipid-lowering drug that belongs to BCS II and has low solubility. Piperine, a bioenhancer, can increase the bioavailability of other pharmaceuticals without modifying their fundamental characteristics or enhancing their efficacy. The objective of this study was to increase the bioavailability of EZ while also improving its potency and reducing its toxicity by using piperine as a bioenhancer. Therefore, rats were given piperine combined with EZ, and their antihyperlipidemic activity was assessed while fed a high-fat diet.MethodThe in vivo antihyperlipidemic effect of EZ with piperine was assessed at doses of 10 and 5–20 mg/kg b.w. The evaluation was conducted using propylthiouracil-induced and triton X-100-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Give 400 mg/kg body weight of propylthiouracil along with piperine. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.01), triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (p < 0.01) all went up significantly. Additionally, it led to the induction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.01). Administration of Triton X-100 via intraperitoneal injection at a single dose resulted in an elevation of lipid levels.ResultsLower levels of high-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly reduced by EZ at 10 mg/kg b.w. and piperine at 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Liver histology studies provided further evidence supporting the present findings. Areas of concentrated periportal lymphocytes and hepatocytes formed a cord pattern in rats with hyperlipidaemia. It seemed like the hepatocytes, periportal area, and centrilobular part of the liver were all normal in the group who had the treatment. An analysis of the EZ plasma drug concentration with time was carried out in a research. The medication’s most effective concentration (Cmax) was determined to be within 4 h after delivery, and The quantified concentration of the active medication was detectable in the bloodstream for 24 h.ConclusionIn combination with piperine, EZ has demonstrated significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects. This indicates that EZ could be further utilised for treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis due to its potential to boost the bioavailability and oral absorption of the drug.

Plasma Lipid Lowering Potential of Carrot (Daucus carota) Extract in Male Wistar Rats

Carrots (Daucus carota) are widely consumed for their nutritional and medicinal benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Daucus carota on lipid profile. The study involved 28 male wistar rats separated into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Group 1 served as control and was given distilled water, whilst groups 2, 3 and 4 served as test groups and were given aqueous extract of Daucus carota at daily doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days and thereafter, blood samples collected for determination of lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)] using standard laboratory techniques. Results showed that oral administration of all three doses of carrot extracts significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of both TC and TG but caused no significant changes in the LDL levels. However, the higher doses; 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg significantly increased the HDL levels in wistar rats. The lipid lowering potential of Daucus carota could be based on its fibre content as well as its antioxidant content which possibly enhanced fecal excretion of lipids. Conclusively, moderate consumption of Daucus carota decreased the plasma levels of TC and TG, increased HDL but had no significant effect on the LDL.

Differential determinants and prognostic value of aortic valve sclerosis over carotid atherosclerosis.

Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) is a progressive atherosclerotic disease associated with future cardiovascular events (CVE). However, whether its development and prognostic value are independent of arterial atherosclerosis has not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated the determinants and prognostic value of AVS in conjunction with carotid atherosclerosis. 4688 consecutive patients who underwent carotid ultrasonography and echocardiography were followed for an average of 3.6 ± 1.3 years, excluding those with bicuspid aortic valve, rheumatic heart disease, overt aortic stenosis, and prior aortic valve replacement. AVS was defined as any thickened cusps with hyper-echogenicity but a peak pressure gradient <2.5 m/s. The mean age of the patients was 61.1 ± 11.7 years, with 1836 (39 %) being women. Among them, 523 (11 %) had AVS. AVS was independently correlated with age, diabetes, lower high-density lipoprotein levels, and presence of carotid plaques. Moreover, it was significantly related to atherosclerotic CVE (acute coronary syndromes, and all-cause death; log-rank p = 0.011) and future heart failure (HF) admissions (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, AVS was significantly associated with atherosclerotic CVE regardless of age and sex but significantly attenuated by the presence of carotid plaques. Meanwhile, future HF admission was attenuated considerably after adjusting for E/e' and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. AVS has prognostic value for future CVE and HF. Atherosclerotic CVE was primarily mediated by vascular atherosclerosis; however, future HF admissions were mainly mediated by concomitant LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting that AVS serves as a surrogate marker rather than an independent risk factor.

A comprehensive systemic review and meta-analysis of the association between lipid profile and hidradenitis suppurativa.

While several studies have suggested a connection between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), a definitive analysis confirming the association between lipid abnormalities and HS based on actual lipid values is lacking. Previous research, using odds ratios from ICD codes, indicates links between elevated triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein levels with HS. However, these findings may not fully represent real-life situations, as no comprehensive analysis using actual lipid measurements has been performed. To examine the relationship between lipid profile values-total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-and HS. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted to identify studies reporting lipid profiles in HS patients. A meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMDs) was performed to assess the association between lipid abnormalities and HS. The meta-analysis found that HS patients had significantly higher TG levels (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.47, P = 0.004) and lower HDL levels (95% CI: -0.53 to -0.16, P < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.19-0.21, P = 0.93) and LDL levels (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.10-0.17, P = 0.61). These results corroborate earlier studies linking HS with dyslipidemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia, with the added strength of using actual lipid values. This study confirms the association between hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol in HS patients, highlighting the broader systemic association of the condition. Dermatologists should monitor lipid profiles in HS patients to mitigate potential cardiovascular risks through early detection and management.