Level Of Food Self-sufficiency Research Articles

Assessment of agricultural lands as the basis of Ukraine’s food supply

ABSTRACT A methodology is presented for calculating optimal values of the natural, ecological and economic elements of Ukraine’s food system, these being the basis for agrarian enterprises. Criteria for the efficiency of the use of agricultural land according to the interaction of these elements are formulated, and the regional structure of the national food supply determined. Regions are clustered according to their level of food self-sufficiency, and agricultural enterprises are grouped according to the areas of land under agricultural crops in their farming system.

Свойства показателя самообеспеченности продовольствием и факторы, его определяющие

The article considers the features and properties of the food self-sufficiency indicator. It is analyzed how possible combinations between the growth of exports and imports, as well as the capacity of the domestic market of domestic products affect the indicator of food self-sufficiency and food security. The theoretical justification and formalized representation of the factors that have a significant impact on this indicator (forming this indicator) is given. The direction of their impact on level of food self-sufficiency and food security has been revealed.

Оценка адаптации населения региона к нормам потребления продуктов п

Introduction: the problem of rational nutrition is closely related to the quality of population’s life and the social and economic development of regions. At the same time, many regions of Russia are characterized by a discrepancy between food consumption diet and the requirements approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it is necessary to find tools for assessing the region’s population adaptation to food consumption norms. Objectives: to develop tools for assessing the region’s population adaptation to food consumption norms. For this objective, the following criteria were used: consumption level and degree of population needs satisfaction; region’s food self-sufficiency; economic accessibility of basic food products. Methods: tabular and index methods, data grouping, the method of time series and comparative estimates. Results: the basic data characterizing the actual food consumption were compared to the approved rational and minimal consumption standards for food sets. Food production volumes and food self-sufficiency level in the Ural Federal District regions in 1990 and 2005–2019 were analyzed; comparative assessment of the region’s population adaptation to rational food consumption norms was carried out. This assessment based on the following indicators: the level of basic food production; the level of basic foodstuffs consumption and the degree of satisfaction of the human physiological needs; the level of food self-sufficiency in the region. Conclusions: the proposed approach makes it possible to assess not only the effectiveness of the implemented strategies for agricultural production development, but also the quality of decisions made by management structures.

Food market of Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: trends in increasing competitiveness

The aim is to consider the current problems of ensuring food security, including the selfsufficiency of the region with food products with the effective functioning of the regional food market on the example of the Aktobe region. Methods - statistical and economic, comparative analysis, monographic, computational-constructive, abstract-logical. Results - the factors influencing on the formation of the level of food supply in the region and allowing the most reliable display of the structure of the diet of food products of the main population groups are systematized. The parameters that can be used to reflect the effectiveness of the action of specific types of food markets (meat, milk, bread, sugar, etc.) and effectiveness of government programs are highlighted. The features of the agro-industrial complex of the Aktobe region and the issues of ensuring its food security are determined. The effectiveness of agricultural policy measures to solve the problem of economic security of the region by regulating prices on market of consumer products has been proved. The results of the study of the main indicators characterizing the degree of socio-economic development of the region are presented. The analysis of the rate of expansion of food products market is presented. Conclusions - the authors focus on the need to develop measures aimed at achieving an optimal level of food self-sufficiency in the region, taking into account the factors that determine the development of food market and the food industry. The influence of digital and the latest communication technologies on increasing the information security of the subjects of the food market is justified, taking into account the level of consumer prices and effective demand of the population. Practical recommendations to improve food security and develop food market in the Aktobe region have been developed.

The basis of food security of the country is the potential of the agricultural sector of the regional economics

The large territorial extent of our country has formed a certain resource potential for each region, which depends on the geographical, natural and climatic conditions, as well as the competitive advantages of the territory. The purpose of the research was to assess the degree of influence of the use of the resource potential of the territory on its food security in order to predict possible consequences when one of the determinants changes. The availability and use of production resources in the agricultural sector of the economics in the Kurgan region has been analyzed in the article. The evaluation of food security of the territory is based on the use of a set of indicators that reflect the physical and economics availability of food, the sufficiency and quality of consumption. Agricultural production had been increased by more than 30 % during the analyzed period, and the inflationary factor should be taken into account in this growth. With the existing programs to support agricultural producers there is no significant growth in the number of cattle and the area of crops in the region. According to the threshold values of the level of food self-sufficiency laid down by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation the current state of agriculture in the Kurgan region cannot meet the region’s demand for meat and meat products. In 2019 the level of food independence for grain was 174,4 %, and for potatoes – 105,8 %, which indicates the feasibility of exporting these types of agricultural products to other regions of Russia. The annual grain export potential in the Kurgan region is estimated in the range from 0,6 to 1 million tons of grain. The conclusions made allow us to assess the degree of correlation between the resource potential of the region and the level of food security, and to develop recommendations for improving food self-sufficiency.

Investments as a factor for ensuring food security in the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the indicators of food security and the level of food self-sufficiency in the Russian Federation. The indicators of physical and economic availability of food for various national groups by income level were calculated. We justified a positive impact of investments in fixed assets of agricultural organizations on the level of self-sufficiency in the country with agricultural commodities, products and food. The reasons for the low efficiency of investment activities in the agro-industrial sector are identified, which elimination provides achieving the criteria indicators of Food Security Doctrine in the Russian Federation.

Assessment of the Level of Food Security in Russia in the Context of Import Substitution

The article is devoted to assessing the food security of the Russian Federation in the context of the implementation of the import substitution policy. With this objective in view, the authors consider the system of indicators of food security assessment: level of food self-sufficiency, degree of satisfaction of population’s physiological needs for principal food products, level of economic affordability of food. As provided by the suggested method of assessment, the study determines the criteria by every index allowing the authors to evaluate the level of food security (using point system) as optimal, permissible or low one. Economic affordability of food analysis assumes that several indicators are to be considered in conformity with the following criteria: proportion of population with incomes below living wage; ratio of food expenses in the final consumption expenses structure of households; degree of inequality of population distribution according to income level. The level of economic affordability of food determines the possibility of acquiring food, depending on the size of incomes and price levels. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the integrated assessment of food security in Russia amounted to 8 points, which corresponds to permissible level. At the same time there are explicit threats to food security: rather high level of income inequality in the region, growing index of consumer price for food products. The obtained results are necessary while planning and elaborating the measures of the economic policy to ensure, maintain and increase the level of food security.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The issue of food self-sufficiency in the region becomes the most relevant in times of crises and pandemics. To answer this question, it is necessary to analyze the current state of agriculture and identify trends inherent in the industry. The article assesses the role of agriculture in the economy of the region. The characteristics of the development of crop production and animal husbandry are given, quantitative and qualitative factors are analyzed, and production growth reserves are identified. The material and technical base of the industry is analyzed, the main directions of state support for agricultural producers are described, and a conclusion is formulated about the level of food self-sufficiency in the region under consideration. The directions of development of the industry to ensure the growth of gross agricultural production are proposed. The study is based on the statistical data of the Irkutsk region for the period 2005-2019.

DYNAMICS AND FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE REGION'S FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM

Abstract Currently, food security problems are particularly acute in Ukraine, as the structure of the consumer basket is deteriorating, despite the sufficient number of calories consumed per capita. While the amount of meat and milk decreases, grain products increase, causing a deficiency of proteins, vitamins, macro- and microelements of animal origin, which leads to the so-called "hidden hunger". In addition, there is a negative trend of deteriorating food quality. The purpose of this article is research of the dynamics and features of the formation of the food security system in the region. During the period 2008-2019, the level of food security in the region decreased by 5 out of 10 types of food security. In 2019, the indicators of the actual annual consumption of food by the population of the region such as milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fruits, berries and grapes decreased dramatically. The level of food consumption in half of the scientifically substantiated rational standards is considered critically dangerous. Examining the aspects of economic affordability of food in the region, significant reduction in the share of expenditures on household food in the structure of total expenditures for 2010-2019 up to 47.9% should be noted In addition, illusory (due to inflation during the national crisis of 2013-2014) is a quantitative increase in both monthly total aggregate expenditures and household expenditures on food. The study of the dynamics of changes in the structure of food consumption in households in the Black Sea region revealed a decrease in the share of the vast majority (8 out of 10) of species food consumption (in terms of primary product) on average per month per person for 2019. Steady high level of food consumption, other things being equal, gives grounds to draw conclusions about the stability of food supply, and analyzing the structure of food consumption, we can characterize the completeness of nutrition. The need to ensure food security in the region requires maintaining an appropriate level of food self-sufficiency, which involves the use of state support for domestic agri-food producers and measures to control the import of food and food products to protect their own producers from foreign competition. Key words: food security, food basket, organizational and economic mechanism, food security index, system of strategic priorities.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АПК РЕГИОНА

The article touches upon the problem of food security as one of the main factors of social and economic development of the state. The problem of food security is particularly acute at the regional level, as not all regions can produce the necessary quantities of basic food due to differences in soil and climatic conditions. In the Astrakhan region there has been estimated the degree of security for the main food products; the need to consider both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of food for developing methods of food security assessment is being substantiated. There have been studied the reasons of decreasing the level of food self-sufficiency in the Astrakhan region, which can be explained by inefficient use of arable lands, non-observance of scientifically proved change of crops in time and space, ignoring the principles of agricultural zoning and all-round cultivation of vegetables and potatoes by the producers. To eliminate the negative manifestations in the agricultural production of the region it has been proposed to put into practice the system of strategic management in the agricultural sector of the economy and to develop strategic directions of the agro-industrial complex of the region in order to achieve the standards of food self-sufficiency for basic items of food supply. To assess the competitive advantages of agroindustrial production in the region, it was proposed to test the author's methodology, which provides integrated assessment of the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex for each rural area of the Astrakhan region based on eight proposed key factors. There has been made a classification of eleven districts of the Astrakhan region on two levels of competitiveness has been carried out and the assessment of the state of the regional agroindustrial complex, which allows to develop strategic directions of development of the agroindustrial complex of the region for the near and long-term prospects.

Rating of the food safety level of the leningrad region

Analysis of ensuring Russia's food security has shown the need to develop indicators that show the level of self-sufficiency of regions with basic food products. The study uses statistical materials of the results of the work of the agro-industrial complex of the region for 2016. As a result of the generalization of existing approaches, the author's methodology was suggested, how to make a rating assessment of the level of food self-sufficiency in the regions of the Leningrad Region for basic types of food. The basis of the approach was analytical methods of mathematical and comparative analysis, it is planned to form the final rating. The proposed methodology can be used in the system of regional management of the agro-industrial complex at the federal and local levels.

Implementing International Experience in Promoting Agricultural Products to Foreign Markets: The Russian Export Strategy

Almost all countries in the world actively regulate both import and export of agricultural products, however this process is very conflictгфд because of acute contradictions on the market. They are associated with the changing conditions of production, increase of attention of the world community to the food securitysituation, change of the used resources efficiency level, competition enhancement. Both internal and external components of agricultural producers support are important for Russia. That means the regulation should be aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market and at increasing competitiveness of Russian products abroad. The development of the Russian export strategy for agricultural products is currently very important. This problem is closely related to the general subject of the agricultural productiondevelopment, but it has an explicit specific character. Inthiscontextexperienceofforeigncountriesisinteresting. Almost all tools of export regulation existing in the world practice are used in the foreign practice of export regulation of agricultural raw materials and food. Stimulation measures prevail in regards to the coverage of commodity items, number of episodes involving the use of agricultural export regulationmeasures, effectiveness of impact to the national agricultural sector. Holistic strategies of agricultural export development are not a widespread phenomenon abroad at the present stage of the world economy development. Their existence is typical for countries with a high level of food self-sufficiency. Special programs where export component is a harmonically built-in element are now more widely spread. Export development programs of the developed countries include a range of measures to maintain the target income level of producers and to maintain procurement and consumer prices. Export policy of the developing countries has a subordinated importance and is considered as one of the levels to develop national agriculture through the use of advantages of international division of labor.

FORMATION OF THE MECHANISMS OF FOOD SECURITY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

An important challenge today is to strengthen food security and improve people's lives through increasing competitive products. The crucial vector of forming food security is activities of agricultural business, which are directly responsible to the people for providing sufficient high-quality food. In terms of the desire of Ukraine to integrate as a full partner in the European and world community, the problem of food security is of special significance. The need for food security of Ukraine requires maintaining an appropriate level of food self-sufficiency, which involves the use of state support for domestic agricultural producers and measures of import controls to protect own producers from foreign competition. Subject. The combination of theoretical, methodological approaches and organizational measures to create mechanisms in order to ensure food security at regional level. Methods. Methods of comparison, analysis, theoretical and logical synthesis, graphical method are used. The methodological basis is a comprehensive research method. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the need to develop mechanisms to ensure food security of regions in transition to the concept of sustainable development. Results. It is established that the priorities of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the region are the formation of food security, at the same time, a set of principles is defined that ensure sustainable development of regions; food security indicators are formed for the people of the region. Components of mechanisms are proposed, which regulate food security of regions and contribute to provision of the population with quality products in sufficient quantity. It is found that the basis for monitoring food security in the region and development of mechanisms to ensure it is the reproduction approach that will help to reveal the totality of processes of “production-distributionexchange- consumption” in the defined territory, and to develop a mechanism of management on this basis. Creation of the Complex Regional Program for Food Quality and Security Assurance is proposed, which should include issues of improving mechanisms of protection of the regional food market from low-quality and dangerous products; creation of economic, institutional and social conditions, and mechanisms of wide implementation at the enterprise level of the quality and environment management system as the most effective tool for ensuring quality and security of products meeting the requirements and expectations of consumers.