Abstract
The article touches upon the problem of food security as one of the main factors of social and economic development of the state. The problem of food security is particularly acute at the regional level, as not all regions can produce the necessary quantities of basic food due to differences in soil and climatic conditions. In the Astrakhan region there has been estimated the degree of security for the main food products; the need to consider both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of food for developing methods of food security assessment is being substantiated. There have been studied the reasons of decreasing the level of food self-sufficiency in the Astrakhan region, which can be explained by inefficient use of arable lands, non-observance of scientifically proved change of crops in time and space, ignoring the principles of agricultural zoning and all-round cultivation of vegetables and potatoes by the producers. To eliminate the negative manifestations in the agricultural production of the region it has been proposed to put into practice the system of strategic management in the agricultural sector of the economy and to develop strategic directions of the agro-industrial complex of the region in order to achieve the standards of food self-sufficiency for basic items of food supply. To assess the competitive advantages of agroindustrial production in the region, it was proposed to test the author's methodology, which provides integrated assessment of the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex for each rural area of the Astrakhan region based on eight proposed key factors. There has been made a classification of eleven districts of the Astrakhan region on two levels of competitiveness has been carried out and the assessment of the state of the regional agroindustrial complex, which allows to develop strategic directions of development of the agroindustrial complex of the region for the near and long-term prospects.
Highlights
In the Astrakhan region there has been estimated the degree of security for the main food products; the need to consider both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of food for developing methods of food security assessment is being substantiated
There have been studied the reasons of decreasing the level of food self-sufficiency in the Astrakhan region, which can be explained by inefficient use of arable lands, non-observance of scientifically proved change of crops in time and space, ignoring the principles of agricultural zoning and all-round cultivation of vegetables and potatoes by the producers
To eliminate the negative manifestations in the agricultural production of the region it has been proposed to put into practice the system of strategic management in the agricultural sector of the economy and to develop strategic directions of the agro-industrial complex of the region in order to achieve the standards of food self-sufficiency for basic items of food supply
Summary
По итогам 2015 г. мировым лидером по уровню продовольственной безопасности являются Соединенные Штаты Америки. Что не все регионы в силу различия почвенно-климатических условий могут производить необходимые объёмы базовых видов продовольствия. Подсолнечник в России – основная культура, из семян которой получают растительное масло, являющееся одним из 10 базовых видов продовольствия, что входят в продовольственную корзину, разработанную Институтом питания РАМН. В Астраханской области можно выращивать лён и производить льняное масло, которое превосходит подсолнечное по содержанию омега-3 и омега-6 жирных кислот. Это обстоятельство определяет отсутствие посадок этой культуры в Астраханской области, хотя почвенноклиматические условия региона благоприятны для выращивания сахарной свеклы. Если провести оценку состояния пастбищ, выявить степень их деградации, запланировать проведение поверхностного и коренного улучшения, то можно значительно (в 2 и более раз) увеличить выход кормовых единиц с них, а это потенциальная возможность для наращивания поголовья крупного рогатого скота (КРС) и других видов сельскохозяйственных животных в хозяйствах региона. Таблица 1 Производство основных видов продовольствия в Астраханской области в 2016 г.*
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More From: Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics
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