Level Of Entrepreneurial Activity Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Economic Growth and Financial Development to Instigate Entrepreneurial Activities for Global Sustainability

Entrepreneurship stands out in the diverse range of human pursuits, characterized by bold aspirations, steadfast determination, and a transformative mindset. This is the place where hurdles are transformed into bridges, uncertainties drive invention, and fear is replaced by bold jumps. Entrepreneurs use transmutation to convert ordinary things into extraordinary ones, creating paths to growth and sparking positive impact for everyone. This study aims to find the impact of economic growth, trade openness, and human capital on entrepreneurial activities. The study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and Generalized Methods of Movement (GMM) estimation techniques to the annual unbalanced panel data of 217 countries from 1999 to 2022. The findings of this study show that economic growth instigate entrepreneurial activities. The GMM results from the table of baseline results show that one-unit change in economic growth brings 0.030 units positive and significant change in new business density which indicates that higher economic growth rate is connected with a higher rate of entrepreneurial activities. It demonstrates that the level of entrepreneurial activities in different economies around the world grows as the economic growth of those economies increases. On the other hand, the results of GMM show that the one-unit change in interaction terms of financial development with economic growth show 0.332 units positive and significant change entrepreneurial activities. These findings indicate that financial development plays an essential moderating role in instigating entrepreneurial activities. The study provides guidance to the individuals, institutions, policymakers, researchers and all the stakeholders who want to take initiatives for business activities.

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО

Currently, the issues of the innovative potential of enterprises, the development of innovative technologies, their implementation in human life and production, the digitalization of various phenomena and processes are coming to the fore in connection with the latest trends and changes in society and the state. The gradual formation and development of the global information space and the latest digital technologies is a factor in the development of such a phenomenon as innovative entrepreneurship. To begin with, we will talk about the relevance of this issue at the present time.
 It should be noted that in the era of the information society, almost all aspects of social and economic life are changing: methods of payment for goods and services, their delivery and provision, methods of interaction and communication of economic entities, methods of production. That is why the development and application of the latest digital technologies becomes a factor in ensuring the competitiveness of a commercial organization in the market. In turn, entrepreneurial activity by its essence involves the introduction of various innovations aimed at business development, creating conditions for entering new markets for goods and services, and their comprehensive promotion. We can say that the search for innovations and focus on their application in practice is, first of all, a certain tool for ensuring a high level of entrepreneurial activity with maximum economic benefit. The purpose of the study is to analyze innovative entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of the domestic economic system. In accordance with the goal, the tasks were:
 1. Characterize the concept of «innovative entrepreneurship».
 2. Analyze the main features, as well as factors for the development of innovative entrepreneurship.
 3. Characterize the key directions of formation and development, as well as models of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia.
 4. Develop proposals to stimulate innovative entrepreneurship in Russia with a view to its development.

Former Soviet Union middle class: how entrepreneurs are shaping a new stratum and pattern of socio-economic behavior

The purpose of this study is to create a representative socio-economic profile of entrepreneurs operating in the former Soviet Union (FSU) states as a pillar of the new middle-class stratum. This study explored middle-class entrepreneurship from multiple perspectives, encompassing statistical analysis of microdata about households and firms. The aim was to gauge entrepreneurship within a national framework and examine its associations with social and economic factors. The study adopted the Doing Business tool as a novel paradigm to establish a quantitative correlation between the economic system in the post-Soviet space and the investigated variables. The analysis revealed that prospective entrepreneurs are members of the younger generation between the ages of 25 and 34; a critical factor in the development of entrepreneurship is highly educated human capital; and typical representatives of entrepreneurship intending to operate in the FSU states establish their own business as a means of subsistence, not as a means of advancement in the social stratum. In general, an entrepreneur of the middle class in the new economies of the post-Soviet space does not demonstrate a high level of entrepreneurial activity and, as a pillar of the middle-class stratum, is in the formation stage.

Exploring the Multiple Combinations of Individual Capital and Institutional Contexts for High Levels of Entrepreneurial Activity

Exploring the Multiple Combinations of Individual Capital and Institutional Contexts for High Levels of Entrepreneurial Activity

Оценка внутрирегиональных сдвигов предпринимательской активности в условиях пандемических и геополитических изменений 2020–2022 гг. (на материалах Кемеровской области – Кузбасса)

Entrepreneurial activity has a serious impact on the development of regions and municipalities, especially remote, peripheral ones. The most important aspect of the small and medium-sized enterprises’ activities study in the region is the analysis of differences between territories in the levels of entrepreneurial activity, as well as the assessment of relevant processes dynamics in various external conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify intraregional differences in the entrepreneurial activity of the region, to assess the nature and significance of their changes based on the materials of the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass in 2020–2022. The indicator of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises normalized per 10 thousand people was used, as well as descriptive statistics methods, paired samples t-test, pair and rank correlation coefficients. In 2020–2022, inter-municipal fluctuations in entrepreneurial activity practically did not depend on the population density or the spatial position of the municipality. The agglomeration factor did not contribute to a faster recovery of the medium-sized enterprises’ sector. It was revealed that remote peripheral areas are not outsiders in terms of entrepreneurial activity, which contradicts existing theoretical concepts. The minimum entrepreneurial activity is observed in small towns and rural areas adjacent to the cities of the Kuzbass agglomeration, which can be attributed to different possibilities of consumer demand migration, but requires further research.

Entrepreneurial Behavioral of Garlic Farmers in the Garlic Production Center Area, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency

This study aims to identify and analysis of the entrepreneurial behaviour of garlic farmers as entrepreneurial farmers in the garlic production center area in Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency. This research was conducted in March–May 2023. The data used were primary data obtained through interviews with 80 farmers in Sembalun Bumbung and Sembalun Lawang Village; both locations were chosen because they were villages with the highest number of farmers, production, and garlic land area in Sembalun District. The analysis of the Entrepreneurial Behavioural Index (EBI) is carried out statistic descriptive using FAO ideas. It is classified into four components: Entrepreneurial Qualities, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Managerial Competencies, and Technical Competencies. The results showed that the entrepreneurial activities of garlic farmers in the national garlic production center area of Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, were still dominated by low levels of entrepreneurial activity in the criteria of entrepreneurial qualities (63.75%) and entrepreneurial competencies (51.25%). While the Managerial Competencies criteria are at a high level (51.25%), and the Technical Competencies criteria are at a moderate level (51.25%). As consequences, training, farmers’ field schools, and extension services are still needed to improve the quality and competence of garlic farmers as a whole.

Representations of Entrepreneurship in Local Media: A Comparative Analysis

Entrepreneurial culture is a key element of the success of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that regional levels of entrepreneurial activity tend to remain persistent over long periods of time and that cultural attitudes in favour of entrepreneurship and rooted in the history of the region can influence innovation activity and new business formation today. Prior research has studied the entrepreneurial culture investigating individuals’ perceptions, attitudes, values, and entrepreneurial personality fit. However, such approaches fail to address the importance of social representations of entrepreneurship as a part of entrepreneurial culture. The aim of this study is to increase understanding about the local entrepreneurial culture within entrepreneurial ecosystems by analysing local media representations of entrepreneurship as indications of local entrepreneurial cultures in the entrepreneurial ecosystem context. The research was carried out as a comparative study of two Finnish regions: Päijät-Häme and South Karelia. The primary research data consists of 120 newspaper articles from regional daily newspapers. The results suggest that in the studied regions local media particularly helps transmit entrepreneurial success stories as an ecosystem service. Also, narratives of entrepreneurial ambition, innovativeness and risk acceptance were transmitted to the local audiences. Some regional differences were also detected, which might reflect the different historical backgrounds and regional levels of entrepreneurial activity. This paper presents the preliminary results of the study which are of value for both ecosystem actors and policymakers designing initiatives to strengthen the local entrepreneurial culture and public discourse promoting entrepreneurship.

BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the socio-economic development of any country serve as a kind of trigger and generator of structural changes in the economy and society. Small businesses are the most receptive to innovative ideas and are ready to implement them. On the one hand, small and medium-sized businesses act as a catalyst for the economic growth of the entire country, on the other hand, they implement a number of social tasks, the key of which is to promote employment and ensure a decent standard of living for citizens. The SME sector employs more than 25 % of the country's able-bodied population. At the same time, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are seriously differentiated in terms of the level of development of SMEs, in some regions the potential of the SMEs is used inefficiently.
 Given the current conditions for the functioning of the Russian economy and the fact that small and mediumsized businesses play an important role in its development, the study of the level of entrepreneurial activity in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the search for ways to increase it is very relevant.
 The article carried out the clustering of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation according to indicators of business demography (“birth rate”, liquidation of organizations), entrepreneurial activity, as well as an indicator reflecting the current opportunities for expanding entrepreneurial potential in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The place of the Republic of Bashkortostan among other subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of entrepreneurial activity has been determined.

Elevating South Africa’s Entrepreneurial Activity in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era

The objective of this research is to appraise the level of entrepreneurial activity in South Africa and to identify the challenges to implementation of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) that obstruct the leveraging of 4IR technologies to boost entrepreneurial activity in the country. A conceptual exploratory literature review approach was applied. This study’s results show that a high unemployment rate, the quality of entrepreneurial support initiatives, physical infrastructure, enterprise funds and increased economic freedom are enablers of entrepreneurial activity in South Africa. High data costs, poor digital technological preparedness, an unreliable energy supply, data protection and cyber security risks, among other factors, were identified as obstacles to 4IR implementation. We, therefore, recommend a 4IR fund, mandatory data price laws, proactive policing, further public–private partnerships, enhancement of whistle-blower protection laws, among others, as solutions to buoy entrepreneurial activity through application of 4IR technologies. These results signal the need to ensure a synchronized effort by all relevant spheres of government to address the 4IR implementation challenges and enhance entrepreneurial activity for South Africa’s economy.

Cultural influences on stigma of failure and entrepreneurial activity

Purpose This paper aims to draw from research on culture, stigma and entrepreneurial activity to hypothesize that the relationship of stigma with the level of entrepreneurial activity differs by the dimensions of national culture, i.e. individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and power distance. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested with data from 15 countries spanning over a 15-year period. Poisson regressions were used. Findings Results from Poisson regressions supported the hypotheses for the differences based on the “individualism,” “masculinity” and “power distance” dimensions of culture on the relationship between stigma of failure and entrepreneurial activity. However, the hypothesis for the differences based on the “uncertainty avoidance” dimension of culture was not supported. Originality/value Fostering entrepreneurship has been important for several countries around the world. A number of factors influence the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. In this paper, research in the areas of culture, stigma and entrepreneurship is brought together to explain how the stigma of failure may be intensified or mitigated in different cultural contexts. The results suggest that policies and attempts to alleviate stigma of failure for promoting entrepreneurship need to consider the complex interactions occurring within the cultural contexts in which entrepreneurs operate. Such initiatives should enhance their effectiveness.

The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Drivers, Impacts, and Policy Implications

The study of entrepreneurship as an economic phenomenon has evolved over the years, with seminal works by scholars laying the foundation for understanding its multifaceted nature. The objective of the research paper "The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Drivers, Impacts, and Policy Implications" is to investigate and analyze the multifaceted aspects of entrepreneurship and its role in driving economic growth and development. Additionally, the research seeks to assess the effectiveness of existing policies and initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and propose evidence-based policy recommendations to foster a conducive environment for entrepreneurial ventures. The methodology employed in the research involves a comprehensive and systematic approach to gather and analyze data. Firstly, a literature review is conducted to gain insights into existing theories, studies, and empirical evidence related to entrepreneurship, economic growth, and policy implications. Secondly, data is collected from various sources, such as government reports, surveys, and databases, to assess the level of entrepreneurial activity, its impact on the economy, and the effectiveness of existing policies. The significance of the research paper lies in its potential to contribute valuable insights to the field of entrepreneurship and its implications for economic development. By comprehensively exploring the various drivers and impacts of entrepreneurial activities, this study aims to shed light on the crucial role of entrepreneurship in fostering innovation, job creation, and economic growth.
 The findings from this study indicate that entrepreneurship plays a vital role in stimulating economic growth, job creation, and innovation. It is evident that entrepreneurial ventures contribute significantly to GDP growth and job opportunities, thereby enhancing overall economic development [1,2]. The research also highlights the significance of effective policy measures to promote and support entrepreneurship. Government initiatives, such as tax incentives, access to financing, and business development programs, are instrumental in creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurial activities [3,4]. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of entrepreneurship in driving economic growth and development. It emphasizes the need for policymakers to formulate strategies that facilitate entrepreneurial activities and mitigate the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. By adopting effective policy implications, countries can harness the potential of entrepreneurship to achieve sustainable economic prosperity [5,6].

The Effect of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Universities on the Innovative Activity in Russian Regions

The entrepreneurial ecosystem of universities is frequently recognized to have a key influence on the innovative activity of the related regions. However, these relationships have not been explored in the scientific literature regarding Russia. Therefore, the current study aims to determine and identify the contours of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of domestic universities in terms of the innovative activity of subjects in Russian regions. The methodological toolkit covers methods for information processing such as monographic desk research, hierarchical cluster and correlation analyses, and comparative analysis. Applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, we grouped universities according to the level of entrepreneurial activity with the allocation of the average value in order to determine the existing correlations and elucidate the problems in involving university innovations in the ratings of innovative activity of regions. The results contribute to the development of existing approaches toward the study of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of universities through a deeper understanding of their role in stimulating the innovative activity of regions and transformation processes.

Does the development of digital economy promote Chinese urban entrepreneurship

With the accelerated layout of new infrastructure represented by data, 5G networks, artificial intelligence and other new technologies, the digital economy is in full swing in all fields in China. The digital economy development strategy has been aimed at boosting economic growth and industrial upgrading since it was put forward. Among them, digitalization to enrich factor supply, intelligentization to promote innovation and entrepreneurship, network to improve factor allocation efficiency, so as to stabilize foreign investment and promote foreign trade are the key areas of digital economy construction, which will greatly affect the development of regional economy, the transformation of old and new driving forces, as well as business models and investment decisions at the enterprise level. So, does the digital economy increase the level of entrepreneurial activity in cities? This unanswered question provides the main research direction for this paper, which will prove through scientific analysis and data that digital Economist Progress does drive urban employment.

YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: FROM FORMATION TO FUNCTIONING

The legislative and applied problems of implementing youth policy in Ukraine are clarified. Using a comparative method of researching legislative norms on the formation and development of youth, it is concluded that during all the years of Ukraine's independence, this was a priority task of all state authorities. It is noted that not always enough measures are taken to effectively achieve the result. Comparing statistical data on youth employment in different years, it is concluded that the level of employment remains the same. The level of entrepreneurial activity among young people is also not high. It is argued that the legislative establishment of the need for professional training of young people to carry out entrepreneurial activity, as well as the available financial support for its initiation, are important components in the formation of youth entrepreneurship. Based on the analysis of various educational platforms, such as the National Online School, Prometheus, EdEra, «Build Your Own», Krok Business School and others, the need to systematize educational programs, to divide them into basic and advanced ones, is proven. That will allow young entrepreneurs to easily find the necessary information not only by content, but also by complexity. It is argued that government and international grant programs relate to supporting the establishment of entrepreneurial activity. At the same time, the first years of entrepreneurial activity are ignored, which is an additional obstacle. It is proven that in the conditions of war, the popularization of social youth entrepreneurship, which aims to achieve a social goal, and only then to make a profit, is of special importance for both youth and society.

Зняття податкових обмежень для платників єдиного податку третьої групи в умовах воєнного стану як чинник підвищення підприємницької активності

In martial law conditions, one of the tasks of the state is to minimize the recession and restore the level of entrepreneurial activity of business entities through tax regulation tools. The article aims to reveal the peculiarities of taxation and tax restrictions, as well as to determine their combined impact on the entrepreneurial activity of taxpayers of the single tax of the third group under martial law. Scientific approaches to revealing the essence of entrepreneurial activity were summarized. The Global Report 2021/2022 “Opportunity Amid Disruption” results by the global research program on entrepreneurial activity were elaborated. The increased possibilities of entrepreneurial activity in martial law conditions were emphasized. The author's concept of “entrepreneurial activity” was substantiated. The terminological origin and essence of the term “peculiarities of taxation” were revealed. The concept of “peculiarities of taxation” was introduced into terminological circulation. The need to refer to the term “peculiarities of taxation” to the group of additional elements of the tax has been proven. Three types of tax restrictions were distinguished according to the classification feature “by groups of single taxpayers’. An analysis of changes in tax legislation regarding the removal of tax restrictions for payers of the single tax of the third group under martial law was carried out. Differences in using tax restrictions in peacetime and during martial law were shown. It was revealed that removing tax restrictions on the income and the number of employees for taxpayers of the third group of single tax was timely and appropriate. It was proposed to spread the experience gained in removing tax restrictions for taxpayers of the single tax for the post-war period. Changes in the structure of third-group single taxpayers in the Khmelnytskyi region were analyzed. A deviation in the registration number among entrepreneurs and legal entities of the mixed group of taxpayers of the third group of single tax was revealed. The conceptual direction of regulation of tax restrictions in Ukraine was substantiated.

ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the number of active business entities by industry affiliation and territorial location over the past 10 years. The trends of entrepreneurial activity specific to each industry by territorial characteristics and for the country’s economy as a whole have been determined. The analysis was carried out taking into account the data of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor program. Today, entrepreneurship is becoming the main activity of the majority of the country’s population, and it is the connecting link between society and the state that allows domestic economic entities to overcome barriers to access to world markets in order to maintain the national economy in conditions of martial law. The purpose of the article is to analyze and assess the current state of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine based on a study of the number of active business entities by branch of the national economy in terms of territorial units, and based on the data obtained to make a forecast of the number of business entities as of the end of 2023. Thus, the total growth in the quantity of business entities in the reporting year 2022 compared to the previous year 2021 was 659027 units, the growth in the quantity of individual entrepreneurs was 49061 units or 3.1%, and the growth in the quantity of legal entities was 609926 or 164,4%. There was no significant drop in the value of the entrepreneurial activity indicator by types of economic activity. As a result of the analysis, it can be noted that the level of entrepreneurial activity of business entities not only has a tendency to increase, but an anticipatory growth relative to the last 10 years of the study. And this is in the conditions of war. Moreover, the growth in the number of business entities that we observe during the reporting year of 2022 can only be explained by the action of the law of synergy. After all, when forecasting the number of business entities for 2022, for example, based on the extrapolation method, it was possible to focus on the growth of the total number of business entities to 1981752 units or their increase in absolute terms by 25432 units. Instead, we have an increase of 659,027 units or 33.7%. However, we assume that by the end of 2023, the growth in the level of entrepreneurial activity will fall within the limits established by the extrapolation method, and will amount to 1.3% growth.

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the formation of an integrated information environment of technology transfer within the framework of the management of innovative activities of a higher education institution.
 The principles and scientific provisions on which the theory of management of innovative development is based are outlined.
 The components of management of innovative processes are defined. The structure of the presented model of management of innovative processes in an educational institution is considered, with an analysis of the types of activities at each stage of its implementation.
 As a possible form of organization of technology transfer, the creation of technology transfer centers is proposed for the purpose of actively introducing innovations in various industries.
 A number of problems of the inhibitory effect negative for the growth of the volume of technology transfer have been identified and ways to overcome it have been proposed.
 The analysis of the total volume of budget financing of strategic priorities of innovation activity and activity in the field of technology transfer over the past three years is presented. Its results gave grounds for the conclusion of a constant increase in the volume of technology transfer as a means of achieving a competitive level of entrepreneurial activity. A direction of further in-depth research within the considered issues is proposed.

Self-employment, corruption, and property rights: a comparative analysis of European and CEE economies

This study analyzes the relationship between self-employment, corruption, and property rights in 30 European countries, including 11 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) economies, across the two decades of 1996–2016. In general, relatively little research has focused on the relationship between entrepreneurship and the protection of property rights. Furthermore, past findings show that corruption may have both negative and positive effects on the level of entrepreneurial activity, either “greasing” or “sanding” the wheels for entrepreneurship. Overall, research on how the informal institution corruption and the formal institution property rights are linked to entrepreneurship in post-socialist/transition economies has been limited. We find that stronger protection of property rights increases self-employment ratios, both in Europe in general and in CEE economies. The relationship between self-employment and the control of corruption is not significant. We conclude that neither higher nor lower levels of corruption control affect the share of self-employment. In comparative perspective, the ratio of self-employment in the group of CEE economies does not respond differently to these two key institutions.

Innovating in the off-grid sector: Sustainable supply chains and business models for solar home system provision in Bangladesh and Kenya

According to researchers and planners, the provision of solar home systems benefits rural electrification and electricity access. It creates opportunities for income generating activities, economic growth, and innovation. This article introduces an ontology of evaluation methods for the provision of solar home systems and demonstrates how a complementary approach can be used to value innovation and sustainability on the supply side. For both case studies, Kenya and Bangladesh, a historical event analysis of sector data from 2013 to 2021 is carried out to measure diffusion-based innovation. Business model innovation is then used to assess the value of solar firms' organizational innovation. It is found that above all high levels of entrepreneurial activities and resource mobilization are key factors for a strong supply side. If these factors are complemented by innovative, user-centric business models, sustainable supply of solar home systems can be achieved. Limitations are highlighted and the implications of non-quantifiable assessment criteria are addressed. From a supply standpoint, researchers and planners may utilize the results to demonstrate the advantages of private sector-led solar home system provision, to answer concerns about the sustainability of their deployment, and to guide and design further research studies.

Do bankruptcy laws matter for entrepreneurship? A Synthetic Control Method analysis of a bankruptcy reform in Finland

The design of a bankruptcy regime can influence the risk perception of entrepreneurs, impacting their growth ambitions as well as their very decision whether to become entrepreneurs. The relationship between bankruptcy legislation and entrepreneurship, therefore, should be of interest to policymakers and entrepreneurs alike. In this paper, we make an attempt to determine the effect of an entrepreneur-friendly bankruptcy reform in Finland, in 2004, on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the country. Running a Synthetic Control Method analysis, we find zero effect: the reform had no significant effect on entrepreneurship. We conclude the paper by offering some explanations for the non-finding and discussing its potential implications for policy.