Level Of Endogenous Intoxication Research Articles

Endogenous hepatic toxicity and oxidative stress in the complications of gallstones associated with cholestatic jaundice

Introduction. Cholestatic jaundice installed in gallstones is considered a multifactorial pathogenetic process. The correlation of endogenous hepatic intoxication with the reaction of the pro- and antioxidant system, characteristic of various complications of gallstones associated with cholestatic jaundice, remains an undefined subject. Material and methods. The study included the investigation of 105 patients with complicated gallstones and associated cholestatic jaundice, and the control group – 35 patients with uncomplicated gallstones. The age of the patients varied between 51 and 72 years, with an F/M ratio of 3/1. Results. The degree of endotoxemia, assessed at hospitalization by peptides with average mass values, was consistent with the inflammation present in groups 2 and 3, reporting a statistically significant difference compared to the control group [p c/2 < 0.001 (t = 11.1); p c/3 < 0.001 (t = 11.07)]. DAM, as the final product of lipid peroxidation, evaluated at hospitalization, shows double marked values in all groups compared to the control group [p < 0.001 (t = 10.7); (t = 10.9); (t = 16.5)]. The antioxidant activity, assessed at hospitalization, shows a statistically significant decrease in superoxide dismutase values [p < 0.001 (t = 6.4); (t = 4.1); (t = 5.7)], as well as catalase [p < 0.001 (t = 6.7); (t = 5.6); (t = 7.2)] in all groups, by 30-40% compared to the control group. Conclusions. In established cholestatic jaundice, there is an obvious activation of lipoperoxidation processes, contributing to the increase of endogenous intoxication and early suppression of antioxidant activity. There is a direct relationship between the increase in prooxidant activity and the level of endogenous intoxication in all complications of gallstones associated with cholestatic jaundice, but it is more elevated in infectious complications, indicating a need for an early approach.

Endogenous intoxication syndrome in rats consuming drinking water with different phosphate contents

Abstract. Endogenous intoxication plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The erythrocyte intoxication index and molecular weight medium are informative indicators for its research. The goal is to establish the degree of expression of endogenous intoxication syndrome in white rats against the background of drinking water with different phosphate content for 30 days. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 36 white purebred male rats weighing 180-200 g, divided into six groups, which for 30 days consumed: the control group – settled water from the city waterworks, the animals of five experimental groups - water with the addition of sodium monophosphate in doses of 100.0; 10.0; 1.0; 0.1; 0.01; mg/dm3 in terms of elemental phosphorus. The level of endogenous intoxication was estimated by the content of molecular weight medium in blood serum at wavelengths λ = 254 and 280 nm and the level of erythrocyte intoxication index, which was determined using the method of A. A. Togaibaev, et al., which is based on the ability of the erythrocyte membrane to absorb methylene blue. Results. It was established that the content of molecular weight medium 254 in the blood serum of experimental animals significantly increased in the 1st group by 65 % (p < 0.05), the content of molecular weight medium 280 in the 1st group by 154 % (p < 0.05), in the 2nd – by 138 % (p < 0.05) and the 3rd – by 64 % (p < 0.05). Consumption of drinking water with added phosphates leads to a significant increase of erythrocyte intoxication index in the 1st group – by 186 % (p < 0.05), in the 2nd – by 142 % (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Conclusions. Consumption of drinking water with different phosphate content for 30 days causes an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication in the body of experimental rats, as indicated by an increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes and an increase in the erythrocyte intoxication index and molecular weight medium content, most pronounced at a concentration of 100.0 mg/dm3.

Study of pharmacodynamics of triazoline compounds in quail growing

When new compounds of the triazoline series are introduced into the diet, it contributes to the preservation of livestock, increases weight gain and improves metabolic processes in the metabolism of quails. The purpose of our research was to study the pharmacotoxicological properties and to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109 in poultry farming. The study was conducted in the period from 2022 to 2023 at the Odesa State Agrarian University. To conduct an experiment to study the pharmacodynamics of the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109, day-old quails of the Pharaoh breed, clinically healthy, were selected and divided into four groups of 30 heads in each: 1 control group, which was not given a compound of the triazoline series; 2 experimental group drank the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109 - 0.5% solution; in experimental groups Nos. 3 and 4, the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109 –1.0% and 1.5% was administered, respectively. Research methods were used during the work: morphological and biochemical, statistical.The results showed that the pharmacodynamic effects of the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109 when included in the diet of quails in doses from 0.5 to 1.5% contribute to: increasing the preservation of poultry stock by 6.7–13.4%; growth-stimulating effect when increasing body weight gains by 3.7-9.1%; an optimizing effect on erythro- and hematopoiesis with an increase in the concentration of erythrocytes by 9.5–10.8% and hemoglobin by 5.1–6.3%; improvement of metabolic indicators, an increase in the level of total protein by 3.3–6.9%, albumin by 9.1–14.5%, glucose by 8.2–9.3%, and calcium by 5.8–6.6%. The use of the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109 contributes to the reduction in the blood of lipid peroxidation products and the level of endogenous intoxication while improving the condition of the liver of quails. Analyzing the above, it can be concluded that adding a 1% solution of the compound of the triazoline series GKPF-109 to drinking water is the most pharmacologically effective and economically feasible in raising quail

Indicators of endogenous intoxication in assessing the effectiveness of hepatosis therapy in cattle

The article presents the results of assessing the indicators of endogenous intoxication in the process of pharmacotherapy of hepatosis in cattle. Dairy cows (n=20) diagnosed with hepatosis were treated with flavobetin, which was used daily for a month at a dose of 50 g/animal per day. In the dynamics of therapy in cows, laboratory blood tests were carried out, on the basis of which it was found that during hepatosis disturbances in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were registered and the activity of hepatoindicator enzymes also increased. With liver dystrophy in the blood of cattle a higher level of markers of endogenous intoxication represented by medium mass molecules (MMM) of the relatively healthy livestock was revealed. Course treatment with flavobetin has a pronounced positive clinical and laboratory effect in hepatobiliary disorders in cattle. In the process of recovery there was a decrease in the level of endogenous intoxication in the body of cows, which was confirmed by a lower level of MMM in the blood. Determination of these markers of endotoxicosis may have prognostic value in monitoring the dynamics of the state of the liver and evaluating the effectiveness of drug therapy for hepatopathologies in cattle.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENTEROSORPTION ON SYSTEM “TUMOR AND HOST” AND TOXIC MANIFESTATIONS OF SOME CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

Summary. Development of malignant neoplasms is a serious pathological condition accompained by a significant body intoxication. Complex application of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy greatly improves the results of treatment of the patients with cancer, however, their toxic effects are enhanced that manifested as suppression of hematopoesis, immunosupression, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity. Enterosorption using highly active carbon sorbents is one of the perspective methods of overcoming endotoxicosis caused by systemic intoxication. The results of the study obtained on laboratory animals, namely on mice with Leweis lung carcinoma, rats with Geren’s carcinoma treated with cisplatin, rats treated with melphalan, doxorubicin, as well as irradiated rats, showed excellent efficiency of carbon enterosorbents in reducing the toxic manifestations of radiation and chemotherapy. The enterosorbents showed a myeloprotective action, lead to significant improvement of some haematological and biochemical parameters of blood and reduced manifestations of oxidative stress and the level of endogenous intoxication.

Changes in indicators of blood biochemistry and endogenous intoxication in case of mycotoxicosis of cows during treatment

The article presents the results of assessing changes in biochemical parameters and the concentration of molecules of medium mass in the blood of cows with mycotoxicosis during treatment. It has been determined that mycotoxicosis in cows, caused by the combined intake of T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1, is characterized by changes in the biochemical status of the animal organism in violation of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the development of hepatic-renal failure. In case of mycotoxicosis an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication in the body of cows was registered with a dominant MMM 254 in the blood and a less significant increase in MMM 280. The dynamics of the clinical status and blood parameters of cows during the treatment of mycotoxicosis shows that the determination of the concentration of MMM in the blood of animals is quite justified for determining the direction (progression or relief) of the course of the disease and allows evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

Dynamics of endogenous intoxication in experimental diabetes mellitus

Background. Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is defined as one of the global medical and social problems and shows a growing tendency. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of endogenous intoxication in experimental diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 88 white male Wistar rats weighing 170-210 g. Animals were divided into three groups: 1 - intact; 2 - control; 3 - experimental with a model of diabetes mellitus, which was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin by “Sigma" company (USA), diluted in 0.1 M citrate buffer with a pH of 4.5, at a rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. The control group of animals received an intraperitoneal injection with an equivalent dose of 0.1 M citrate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5.
 All studies were performed under thiopental-sodium anesthesia at a rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. To determine endogenous intoxication, blood sampling of middle mass molecules (MMM) was performed 14, 28, 42 and 70 days after the streptozotocin injection. Detection of MMM fractions was performed by spectrophotometer «SF46» at the wavelength of 254 nm (MMM254) and 280 nm (MMM280). The STATISTICA 10 program was used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. The conducted biochemical studies of blood serum showed that in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus there was an increase in the content of both MMM fractions compared to the similar indicators of the control group of animals at all stages of the experiment: in the 14 days increased by 32,9% - MMM254, by 12.7%- MMM280, in the 28 days increased by 44,3 % MMM254, by 34,0 % MMM 280, in the 42 days increased by 62,8 % MMM254, by 64,8 % MMM280, in 70 days increased by 76,1 % MMM254, by 81,1% MMM280. Conclusions. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus is accompanied by an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication which is manifested by an increase of both MMM fractions content in serum.
 The severity of endogenous intoxication depends on the duration of the endogenous factor.

НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНОЕ ЛАЗЕРНОЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕ КРОВИ И ЕГО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СИСТЕМЫ ГОМЕОСТАЗА У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ КРЫС С ТЕРМИЧЕСКИМИ ОЖОГАМИ КОЖИ

Background. Treatment of burn injuries is one of the most acute and urgent problems of combustiology, despite all the achievements of modern medicine. With skin burns, multiple systemic changes occur that require special attention and new approaches. Low-intensity laser blood irradiation is a highly effective method of non-pharmacological corrective effect on the homeostasis system of burned patients, but remains unexplored in pregnant women with thermal skin burns. The aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity laser blood irradiation for the correction of disorders of the homeostasis system in pregnant rats with thermal skin burns. Material and methods. An experimental study was carried out on 81 female outbred white rats weighing 200-250 g, which were divided into three groups. The control group consisted of pregnant intact rats, the first experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, the second experimental group - rats with thermal skin burns in the early period of pregnancy, which underwent low-intensity laser blood irradiation. The oxygen transport function of blood, acid-base status and basic biochemical parameters of blood were studied. Results. Thermal burns of the skin in rats in the early period of pregnancy are accompanied by a deterioration in the oxygen transport function of the blood (a decrease in PO2 and SO2 values, a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen) and the development of metabolic acidosis, as well as the presence of endogenous intoxication (an increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine, an increase in the level of liver enzymes). The use of low-intensity laser irradiation of blood makes it possible to improve homeostasis indices in a shorter time. Conclusions. Low-intensity laser irradiation of blood improves the main indicators of the oxygen transport function of the blood and reduces the level of endogenous intoxication during skin burns in rats in the early period of pregnancy.

Biochemical blood parameters and level of endogenous intoxication in cows suffering from hepatopathies under heat stress

Biochemical blood parameters and level of endogenous intoxication in cows suffering from hepatopathies under heat stress

Integrated indices as a criterion for evaluation of the level of endogenous intoxication for leptospirosis in dogs

One of the most important directions in the development of modern veterinary medicine is the improvement and implementation of modern methods of diagnosis and prognosis of diseases based on determining the degree of dysfunction and the possibility of correcting the protective functions of the body. for most veterinary clinics, the study of the immunological status of animals is not available, and clinical blood tests make it possible to determine the assessment of the functional state of the immune system by integrated hematological parameters. In the article on the basis of blood formulas that reflect the state of neurohumoral homeostasis and immunological reactivity of the organism, for the first time investigated and established violations of humoral and cellular immune systems, micro- and macrophage systems, reduced nonspecific protection and found relationships between immunity in 23 dogs with leptospirosis, which calculated 19 markers of inflammatory activity, endogenous intoxication, adaptation, nonspecific and immune reactivity. The study was conducted in veterinary clinics in zhytomyr and kyiv, blood for the study was taken from the superficial vein of the forearm v. anterbrachium, medial subcutaneous vein or subcutaneous tibial vein v. saphena. Diagnostic studies to confirm leptospirosis were performed using rapid tests Combo Test IgG Ab/IgM Ab, vetlaboratories and elisa on the basis of a private veterinary laboratory of Llc “Bald” in Kiev. The interpretation of integrated leukocyte blood parameters revealed the development of autoimmune processes with suppression of cellular immunity and the development of endogenous intoxication, which indicates an increase in total (P < 0.01), leukocyte (P < 0.05) and nuclear index (P< 0.001). Suppression of the immune response and increased hypersensitivity of the immediate type based on a decrease in non-specific reactivity by P < 0.001 and inflammation index by P < 0.05. It is proved that integrated hematological parameters of peripheral blood increase the informativeness of the general analysis of blood in dogs with infectious diseases and allow to determine not only the degree of reactivity of the organism, but also to assess the level of endogenous intoxication.

Potentials of intravenous laser blood irradiation to correct peroxidation and antioxidant activity as a result of surgical distress

Purpose: to reveal protective effects of intravenous low-level laser blood irradiation (ILBI) during surgical interventions at the gallbladder as well as to study the state of antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication.Material and methods. In the perioperative period, 40 patients from the main group (I) had traditional treatment which included pharmacological preparations and sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation. 45 patients from the control group (II) had only traditional (pharmacotherapeutic) treatment. In both groups during surgery, the anesthetic protection consisted of classical neuroleptanalgesia. The age of patients in both groups did not differ significantly. Intravenous laser blood irradiation was done with helium-neon laser “Atoll” 632 nm (Fokon Ltd, St-Petersburg, Russia). During surgery, three irradiation sessions were performed at radiation power of 20 mW and exposure 15 minutes at various stages of surgery: 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia, at the traumatic stage and 30 minutes before the expected finish of the surgery. Ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels in the blood plasma were assessed with the electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The ratio of ceruloplasmin/transferrin which characterizes the level of antioxidant activity was also established. The level of endogenous intoxication was assessed using the previously published technique. The quantitative characteristics of endogenous intoxication by this technique is the value of optical density (D280) and total optical density of components related to high molecular weight and low molecular weight fractions.Results. ILBI sessions in patients neutralize changes in the level of ceruloplasmin and transferrin in blood. The data obtained also confirm ILBI protective effects at protein SH-groups or activation of the restoration of protein SH-groups that were damaged by oxidation as a result of surgical aggression and trauma.Conclusion. The protective effect of intravenous laser blood irradiation in addition to the standard preoperative therapy optimizes pharmacological anesthetic protection during surgery under the existing traditional schemes of combined general anesthesia.

Рівень ендогенної інтоксикації щурів за умов експериментальної нефропатії та застосування відновленого глутатіону

The purpose of the study, therefore, was to investigate the content of substances of low and medium molecular weight, total and tyrosine-containing peptides and to assess the level of endogenous intoxication of the rat organism under conditions of experimental nephropathy and the use of reduced glutathione. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on nonlinear white rats weighing 160-180 g. The animals were in a vivarium with a constant temperature (18-22°C), relative humidity (50-55%) in individual exchange cells in the formed groups, on a constant balanced mode of a diet with free access to water and food. Nephropathy was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of folic acid at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Glutathione was administered intragastrically (100 mg/kg) for 7 days after folic acid intoxication. Results and discussion. Under conditions of nephropathy in the blood serum of rats, an increase in the level of molecules of average weight was observed by 2 times, as well as low-molecular substances by 1.6 times compared with the control. Daily administration of reduced glutathione to animals with nephropathy for 7 days led to a decrease in the level of substances of medium and low molecular weight by 21% and 27% in comparison with the indicators of animals with nephropathy, but still significantly differed from the control indicators. Against the background of an increase in the content of total oligopeptides by 2.2 times in the blood serum of experimental rats, the level of tyrosine-containing peptides increased by 1.8 times in comparison with the control. The introduction of glutathione to rats with nephropathy led to a decrease in these parameters by 40 and 35%, respectively, compared with the experimental control. As a result of the established changes in the level of albumin and average weight molecules in the blood serum of animals, under conditions of nephropathy, an increase in the coefficient of endogenous intoxication was observed by 2.3 times. This imbalance indicates a violation of the processes of detoxification of endogenous metabolites in the liver of animals under conditions of nephropathy. In the groups of animals with nephropathy, which were injected with an antioxidant, the coefficient of endogenous intoxication decreased by 41% compared with animals that did not receive glutathione, but this indicator did not return to the level of control values. Conclusion. Thus, under the conditions of experimental nephropathy in the blood serum of rats, an increase in the content of total and tyrosine-containing peptides, substances of low and medium molecular weight, as well as an increase in the values of the intoxication coefficient was observed, which indirectly indicates a violation of the processes of detoxification of endogenous metabolites in the liver of experimental animals with kidney pathology. In the group of animals with nephropathy that received reduced glutathione for 7 days, only a tendency towards normalization of the studied parameters characterizing the level of endogenous intoxication under conditions of nephropathy was noted

Діагностичне значення інтегральних імуногематологічних індексів як маркерів хронічного стресу у курей

The study of stress in the conditions of industrial technologies of keeping laying hens and determining the level of technological stressors influence on the physiological state of poultry is a necessary condition for the development of new methods of stress prevention in choosing the best ways to keep them. The aim of the study was to determine the informativeness of integrated immunohematological indices for the diagnosis of stress-induced disorders in laying hens under the influence of technological stressors of varying intensity. Chronic technological stress was modeled by long-term keeping of laying hens at high planting density. The intensity of the stressor was determined by increasing the density of laying hens. Integral immunohematological indices were determined on the basis of an extended general blood test. It has been found that in laying hens, which due to prolonged exposure to high density were in a state of chronic stress, there is a high level of endogenous intoxication and impaired immunological reactivity, as evidenced by increased Leukocyte shift index, Immunoreactivity index, Leukocyte to erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, heterophil to monocyte ratio. It is shown that under chronic stress in laying hens there is activation of the cellular part of the immune system, active adaptive response of white blood, as well as the predominance of delayed-type reactions over immediate-type hypersensitivity, as indicated decrease in lymphocyte-granulocyte index, general index, lymphocytic index and lymphocyte to eosinophil ratio. Thus, integrated immunohematological indices are promising markers for the diagnosis of chronic stress in laying hens.

THE EFFECT OF ENTEROSORPTION AND INTRATISSULAR ELECTROFORESIS OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ON PROGRESS OF BURN DISEASE

Summary. The purpose of the research was to explore the appropriateness of combined usage of enterosorption amplification and intratissular electrophoresis (ITE) of antibiotics in injured with the substantial thermal burns. Clinical effect of the enterosorbtion and ITE antibacterial drugs in burn disease cases was studied in 26 patients with superficial and deep dermal burns (IIb-III deg.) from 27 to 60 % of their body surface. Enterosgel was prescribed from 3rd day after injury for 15–20 g 3–4 times a day for 7–14 days. ITE of antibiotics conducted from the 3–4 day by the «Поток-1» device, applying the direct current with density 0,03-0,05 mAh/cm2 for 60 min.
 Materials and methods. The authors studied the leukocyte reaction by a general blood test. The degree of intoxication was determined by the level of molecules of average mass and blood plasma electrical conductivity. They evaluated the dynamics of the wound process, conducted bacteriological and cytological researches of the burn wounds in dynamics on 1–3, 6–7, 13–14, and 19-21 days after traumatization.
 Results and discussion. This treatment tactic allows to reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, to optimize the course of the wound process in the area of thermal damage, to intensify demarcation-cleansing processes and reparative regeneration, which increases the clinical effectiveness of treatment. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was found that the combined usage of enterosorption detoxification by enterosgel and ITE of antibacterial drugs in the complex treatment of victims with widespread burns is appropriate and justified.

Contemporary approaches to assessment of the body's condition of dogs with gastrointestinal pathologies based on the intensity of the inflammato-ry process and the level of endogenous intoxication

Due to the existing methods of diagnosing diseases of domestic animals are ineffective and imperfect, our goal was to develop a technology for assessing the state of the body of dogs to be able to diagnose the occurrence of diseases at an early stage. The article provides data on the development of technology to assess the state of the body, as well as to check its functioning in practice by determining the presence of such typical pathological processes (TPP) as inflammation and endogenous intoxication of the German Shepherd dogs. Clinical, laboratory, and statistical methods were used for the study. As a result of the study, an effective method of assessing the condition of the dog's body was developed and based on two algorithms for determining the intensity of the inflammatory process and endogenous intoxication. This method is effective, sensitive, and fully reproducible in practice, which allows the veterinarian to correctly diagnose and effectively carry out therapy and rehabilitation of sick animals.

Физиологические эффекты применения комплексного препарата на основе маточного молочка и прополиса при отеке легких у крыс

This paper aimed to study the physiological effects of inhalation therapy using Apingalin (based on royal jelly and propolis) in experimental pulmonary oedema in rats. The research involved 120 Wistar albino rats that were divided into 3 groups: intact; control (with pulmonary oedema induced by 0.5 mg/kg adrenaline); experimental (with induced pulmonary oedema followed by a 10-minute inhalation of Apingalin during the course of 10 days). In the blood serum of the control group of rats, a decrease in the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) was detected; the ratio of albumin to globulin fractions decreased; the concentrations of creatinine, Na+ and K+ ions increased, compared to the intact animals. In the urine of the control group, no statistically significant changes in the concentration of Na+ were found; the concentration of K+ was lower than that in the intact rats. An elevated content of medium-weight molecules on erythrocytes and in the plasma was recorded, as well as decreased concentrations of these molecules in the urine of the control group, compared with the intact animals. After a course of Apingalin inhalations, the rats in the experimental group demonstrated normalized activity of AST and ALT in the blood; the concentrations of creatinine in the blood as well as Na+ and K+ in the blood and urine were restored to the levels of the intact rats. In addition, the experimental group showed a decrease in the content of medium-weight molecules on erythrocytes and in the blood plasma, as well as a significant increase in the concentration of medium-weight molecules in the urine, compared with the control. Thus, a course of Apingalin inhalations in experimental pulmonary oedema in rats reduces the level of endogenous intoxication. This opens up wide prospects for its use in pulmonology.

A modern approach to the treatment of burns

Background. Wound healing as soon as possible is an ultimate goal of treating patients with burns. European guidelines of recent years state that a humid environment is optimal for the treatment of burns.
 Objective. To describe the modern approach to the treatment of burns.
 Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this topic.
 Results and discussion. Over the last 15 years, there has been a significant breakthrough in the armamentarium of wound dressings (WD). The main advantages of modern WD include simplification of the dressing procedure, control of infection, removal of secretions from the wound, creating a favorable environment for healing, and accelerating the cleansing or healing of wounds. Such WD include skin substitutes and interactive dressings. Skin substitutes are divided into synthetic, biological and combined, as well as in temporary and permanent. Dressings, in turn, can be super-absorbent, spongy, hydrocolloid, gel, atraumatic mesh, semi-permeable, etc. After treating wounds with an aqueous antiseptic, such as Dekasan (“Yuria-Pharm”), the exfoliated epidermis is removed and an atraumatic dressing is applied. Sometimes a single application is sufficient for epithelialization of superficial wounds. Dermal burns affecting the epidermis and dermis are burns with incomplete injury depth and can heal on their own. After dermabrasion, the lyophilized xenoskin is soaked in saline with the addition of Dekasan and instantly fixed to the wound surface. Subsequently, the wound is healed by primary tension. Dermabrasion of the wound can be performed mechanically (dry napkin, wet napkin with Dekasan, brush or metal sponge) or surgically (scalpel, dermatome, Water Jet device). Nowadays, it is believed that the creation of a moist environment above the surface of the burn allows epithelial cells to spread horizontally on a thin layer of wound exudate, accelerating wound healing. Hydrogel dressings and shape-resistant hydrogel coatings are widely used in the treatment of limited superficial and border burns. In the exudation phase, a wound coating with nanosilicon is used, which actively absorbs the wound exudate. There are also hydrogel face masks, which have a prolonged effect, cool the damaged area in 60 seconds, eliminate pain, prevent blisters, reduce the likelihood of infection and the spread of burns deep into the tissues. The process of tissue repair and wound healing consists of three phases, which are interrelated and may coincide in time: the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodeling phase. Wound healing is affected by the pH of the environment, as many processes, namely, activity of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, activity of fibroblasts, microbial proliferation, depend on this factor. Interactive WD change the pH of the wound.
 Conclusions. 1. WD, which support wounds in a humid environment, are an effective means of regulating the wound process. 2. Low pH of wounds changes the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora, reduces the microbial contamination of wounds in 100 times. 3. Keeping wounds under modern WD does not increase the level of endogenous intoxication, but on the contrary, improves the course of burn disease. 4. Humid environment promotes the penetration of neutrophilic granulocytes with high enzymatic activity.

Comparative study of the influence of colloid-hyperosmolar and protein-salt solutions on anti-inflammatory and detoxification processes in rats with burn shock

Objective. Experimentally justify the use of colloidal-hyperosmolar solution based on hydroxyethyl starch HAES-LX-5 % and protein-salt solution based on albumin Lactoprotein with sorbitol (LPS) in burn shock (BS).
 Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on an experimental model of OS in white male rats. HAES-LX-5 %, LPS solution and control 0.9 % NaCl solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg/day for 7 days were used for infusion therapy. The blood leukocyte intoxication index (LII), medium weight molecules (MWM), C-reactive protein (CRP) were studied.
 Results and discussion. In the conditions of experimental BS with the introduction of 0.9 % NaCl, the LII on the 7th day significantly increased by 5.37 times (p<0.01) compared with intact animals (0.887±0.108 and 0.165±0.098, respectively). This indicates the development of destructive processes and intoxication of rats in BS. When HAES-LX-5 % and LPS were administered, LII increased only 2.33 times (p<0.01) and 2.41 times (p <0.05) and was significantly lower compared to 0.9 % NaCl. In animals from the group of control pathology there was an increase in blood levels of MWM, on the 1st day by 75.6 %, on the 3rd day – by 159.5 %, and on the 7th day – by 128.0 %, respectively, compared with intact animals. A systemic inflammatory reaction was also formed, which was manifested by an increase in the level of CRP. Pharmacological correction of BS with HAES-LX-5 % and LPS solutions equally inhibited the development of endotoxicosis from the 3rd to the 7th day, which was accompanied by significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of MWM by 36.2 % and 42.5 %, respectively, after administration of HAES-LX-5 % and by 32.9 % and 38.8 % after administration of LPS relative to control pathology. The use of solutions of HAES-LX-5 % and LPS inhibited the development of inflammation from the 3rd to the 7th day, which was accompanied by a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of CRP by 30.7 % and 35.0 % for HAES-LX-5 %, by 29.4 % and 32.9 % for LPS compared to control.
 Conclusions. It has been experimentally shown in the model of BS that solutions HAES-LX-5 % and LPS show anti-inflammatory activity and reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, inhibiting the development of systemic stress.

Experimental Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Lung Injury—Prevented with “Cytoflavin®”

Severe acute pancreatitis represents about 20% of all pancreatitis diagnosis and it has a high mortality rate when associated with a lung dysfunction. The aim of this research was to investigate the use of a wild spectrum metabolic drug (Cytoflavin®) for the treatment of acute lung injury in experimental pancreatitis. A l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis (groups II and III) was simulated experimentally in a rat population. A combined metabolic drug was used as treatment. We determined the levels of amylase, medium molecules (MM 254 and 280), malonic aldehyde (MA), diene conjugates (DC), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the blood and we performed a histologic examination of the lungs and pancreas of the rat population. The activation of lipid peroxidation peaks at 24–48 h from the onset of the disease. The level of malonic aldehyde in groups II and III was higher (39.09% and 30.99%, respectively) than that in the control group I (p < 0.02; p < 0.01), the diene conjugates level was higher by 43.66% and 42.03% respectively (p < 0.01). With medical correction after 72 h (group III), the level of malonic aldehyde and diene conjugates decreased by 17.0% and 30.5% when compared with group II (no medical correction) (p < 0.05). The level of medium molecules peaked after 72 h of the disease induction (p < 0.001). A correlation was established between the level of endogenous intoxication with the membrane-destructive processes in the lung tissue 48 h after modeling of acute experimental pancreatitis. The use of the proposed medicament correction reduces the manifestations of endogenous intoxication.

Clinical and experimental justifi cation for the use of high-frequency electrocoagulator EK-300M1 for the surgical treatment of breast tumors in female dogs

Modern medical practice shows that the only eff ective treatment for breast cancer in dogs is surgery; current developments in chemotherapy and radiation therapy are ineff ective and too expensive. To identify the types of breast tumors and their anatomical distribution, it is necessary to have a reliable histological diagnosis. In most cases, it is used because the main treatment for breast cancer in dogs is their surgical removal. Undoubtedly decisive for this method of treatment are the phenomena of intoxication and endotoxicosis. Endotoxicosis in the early postoperative period consists of iatrogenic, tumor with tumors isolated and based on a small number of observations. However, the results of intoxication and the consequences of massive surgical tissue damage are often a determining factor for the outcome of treatment. Unfortunately, reports of studies of MSM in animals obtained by us indicate that almost all animals with breast tumors have endogenous intoxication, which we detected by the level of MSM and MDA in blood plasma. In our opinion, determination of the level of these markers of endotoxicosis before surgery and in the postoperative period can be an objective criterion for the risk of surgical treatment. Monitoring the level of MSM in the remote postoperative period, in combination with other biochemical studies can be a criterion for assessing the general clinical condition of the animal for the development of metastases. Probably lower levels of endogenous intoxication and clinically confi rmed reduction in the duration of treatment are a clear confi rmation of the eff ectiveness of high-frequency electrocoagulator EK-300M1. Dogs with breast tumors had high levels of MSM and MDA, which is a refl ection of the level of endogenous intoxication and may be an objective criterion for the risk of surgical treatment and postoperative recovery. Progressive reduction of these indicators in animals of the experimental group proves the eff ectiveness of the proposed treatment tactics. Key words: tumors, electrocoagulator EK-300M1, mastectomy, female dogs, oncology, endogenous intoxication, wound healing.