Education Level Of Employees Research Articles

How Well Do Employees Know Their Health Savings Accounts? The Need for Improved HSA Communication and Literacy

Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) have been around for two decades, with record funds accruing in accounts year-after-year. Despite this growth, little is known regarding how well consumers know what they can spend their HSA funds on to maximize their accounts’ tax advantages. A survey of HSA savers at a large Midwest organization ( n = 732) found that about 1-in-4 employees (29.1%) were unsure or did not know their HSA contributions were not federally taxed. Additionally, employees knew that fewer than half of items asked about (M = 4.71) on a 10-item HSA-eligible quiz could be purchased with HSA funds. Employees had the least awareness that hand sanitizer (22.5%), sunscreen (27.2%), and menstrual care products (33.1%) could be purchased with HSA funds. Knowledge or perceptions did not differ based on employee education level, indicating that HSAs are likely a complicated topic for anyone to fully comprehend. These findings showcase a need to develop more effective communication to help employees better understand the unique benefits HSAs can provide. Additional recommendations for employers are provided.

The Long-Term Impact of Work and Education on Compliance of APD Uses on Hospital Road Care Employees

The length of employment and the level of employee education significantly affect how employees carry out their tasks, particularly the use of self-protection devices (APD) in hospitals. APD usage is essential for reducing risks, especially for road care workers who face high infection risks due to the daily turnover and delayed treatment of patients. Unlike general hospital patients who stay for an average of two to five days, road care workers encounter new patients constantly, increasing their infection risk. This study aims to examine the impact of employment length and education level on APD compliance among RSUD road care employees in Karanganyar district. Using quantitative methods, the research was conducted at RSUD Karanganyar, involving 64 road care workers selected through stratified and random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using double linear regression. The results indicated that both employment length and education level significantly influence APD compliance among RSUD road care workers, with a significance value of 0.049 < 0.05. In conclusion, both work duration and educational background play a crucial role in ensuring APD compliance among these workers.

Vai trò của vốn nhân lực trong hoạt động xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp: Bằng chứng từ khu vực ASEAN

This study focuses on the impact of human capital, specifically employee education level and employee training, on enterprise export activities in the context of the ASEAN region. The study used World Bank Enterprise Survey data in 2015 and 2016 with 3,335 businesses from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. The study uses the multilevel mixed-effects logit model to solve the hierarchical data structure (multilevel) of the data set used in the study. Research results show that employee education level and employee training both have a positive impact on the export performance of businesses in the ASEAN region. From the above results, the study provides a perspective for businesses on how to improve efficiency in export activities in international markets through enhancing the human capital of the workforce.

Employee education level and the cost of equity capital

This study examines the capital market benefits of employee education level and finds a significant and negative relation between a firm's employee education level and cost of equity capital. Our empirical results remain unchanged after applying different measures of variables and addressing endogeneity concerns. Cross-sectional tests show that our main results are more pronounced in firms which treat employees better and in knowledge-intensive firms. Overall, this study presents novel evidence on how human capital creates value for firms and enriches the literature on the cost of equity capital.

Employee education, labor protection intensity and auditor risk perception.

Prior literature finds senior executives can influence auditor decision making. However, few studies have discussed the impact of employee's personal characteristics. Our research aims to fill the above research gaps by examining the impact of employee level education on audit costs. Taking A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2006 to 2021 as the research object, this paper examines the impact of employee education on audit fees. It is found that highly educated employees can effectively reduce the audit fees borne by the company, but the implementation of the Labor Protection Law weakens this inhibitory effect. In the case of low marketization level and weak Confucian culture intensity, employee education level has a more significant inhibitory effect on audit fees of listed companies. This study provides a basis for empirical research on the impact of employee attributes on auditor decision making, provides a new research perspective on the impact of labor protection law at the corporate micro level, and enriches the theoretical research on corporate governance rooted in traditional Chinese culture. We contribute to the practice that implications for evaluating the effectiveness of adopting labor protection.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN USAHA KOPERASI DI KOTA BOGOR

The success of cooperatives can be measured through the roles they have played for the community or the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the internal control system, size, type, and education level of employees on the success of cooperative businesses in the city of Bogor using quantified qualitative research methods, carried out on active cooperatives registered at the Bogor City Cooperative and UKM Service, namely 456 cooperatives. with 1 cooperative only 1 administrator who became a respondent. The study used a saturated sample (census) technique, so the study population was 528 or at least 46 respondents. Data analysis used multiple linear regression with hypothesis testing through the F test and t test. The results of the study show that the internal control system, size, type and education level of employees simultaneously influence the success of cooperative businesses in the city of Bogor. Partially the internal control system, type and level of education of cooperative employees have a significant effect on the success of cooperatives in Bogor city. While the size of the cooperative has no effect on the success of the cooperative business in the city of Bogor.

Labor cost stickiness and managerial decisions on human capital adjustment

PurposeOn the basis of labor economics theories, this study examines how adjustment in human capital accounts for labor cost stickiness.Design/methodology/approachThis study makes use of employee education level as a measure of the quality of human capital and relies on data from Chinese public firms to conduct the empirical test. This study focuses on two important components of labor cost changes: one corresponding to the adjustment in the number of employees (capacity adjustment) and another corresponding to the adjustment in the mix of employee education levels (quality adjustment).FindingsThis study reveals that labor cost changes driven by the adjustment of employee education level are sticky. This stickiness cannot be explained by the standard adjustment cost theory. This further shows that firms that actively adjust their employee quality during downturns experience improved future performance. The findings are robust to alternative measures and specifications.Originality/valueThis study provides new evidence for and insights into the cost behavior literature. Previous studies treat input resources in a homogenous way and focus on the effect of capacity adjustment. This study considers the heterogeneity of resources and examines three dimensions of salary cost adjustment: capacity, structure, and unit cost. In line with the economic theory of sticky costs proposed by Banker et al. (2013a), the study’s evidence sheds light on the additional underlying economic mechanisms driving cost stickiness behavior. Specifically, managers asymmetrically adjust both employee structure and average salaries, in addition to employee number. This study also adds to the existing knowledge of the consequences of managers' actions regarding cost behavior.

Employee education level and efficiency of corporate investment

PurposeIn this study, the authors explore the association between employee education level and the efficiency of corporate investment using data from a sample of Chinese listed firms during the period from 2011 to 2018. By examining the impact of education on investment efficiency, the authors' study provides valuable insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying economic mechanisms related to education.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct multivariate regression analyses to examine the relationship between investment efficiency (following Richardson, 2006) and the level of employee education, along with a series of control variables. To ensure the reliability of the authors' findings, the authors subject the their results to a comprehensive set of robustness tests, such as a staggered difference-in-difference (DiD) regression approach, an instrumental variable (IV) method and the use of alternative employee education level and investment efficiency measurements.FindingsThe findings offer compelling evidence that higher levels of education have a positive impact on firms' investment efficiency, and this effect remains robust across various model specifications and endogeneity considerations. Moreover, the influence of education is more pronounced in firms that prioritize employee training, maintain effective internal communication and offer attractive financial rewards. Furthermore, the results suggest that the relationship between education and investment efficiency is influenced by the firms' business nature and competitive environment. Factors such as business complexity, labor intensity and business location also play a role in shaping the impact of education on investment outcomes.Originality/valueThe study emphasizes the crucial role of education in influencing investment decisions and performance within firms. By delving into this previously unexplored area, the authors' research contributes to the existing literature, establishing that the level of employee education is a significant determinant of corporate investment efficiency. This valuable insight has substantial implications for firms aiming to enhance their investment decision-making processes and overall performance. Understanding the positive impact of education on investment efficiency can empower organizations to leverage their human capital effectively and achieve better investment outcomes, ultimately contributing to long-term success and competitiveness in the market.

Multidimensional analysis of the factors affecting the organizational and managerial structure of state forest management: Türkiye example

Aim of study: To reveal the most important factors affecting the administrative and organizational structure in Türkiye's forestry and their effects with a multidimensional approach.
 Area of study: Nine provinces of Türkiye (İstanbul, İzmir, Antalya, Adana, Bolu, Trabzon, Erzurum, Şanlıurfa, and Ankara), which represent nine geographic regions, where forestry activities are intensive.
 Material and methods: Through the consideration of the literature review and expert opinions, 29 variables affecting the organizational and managerial structure were developed. These variables were grouped under six main headings, and questionnaire forms were prepared accordingly. They were applied to 463 technical and managerial staff in the forestry organizations with the face-to-face interview method. To evaluate the data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, and the Kruskal-Wallis H Test were used.
 Main results: The most important factors affecting the organizational and managerial structure were found to be (i) working conditions and job satisfaction, (ii) educational level of employees, (iii) technical and managerial competence, and (iv) solidarity and institutional support. Approximately 67% of the managerial and organizational structure of Türkiye’s forestry was explained by these four factors. The differences in the views of the interviewees in terms of working conditions and job satisfaction, educational level, technical and managerial competence, and solidarity and institutional support factors were determined according to some task variables.
 Research highlights: Enabling employees in managerial positions to have postgraduate education and to apply their knowledge and experience is effective in increasing job satisfaction, managerial competence, participation in managerial decisions, and thus sustainable forestry.

Employee education level and real earnings management: evidence from China

ABSTRACT Employees play an important role in earnings management. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we find that the higher education level of employees exhibits less real earnings management. The additional tests show the moderating effects between employee education level and real earnings management including top executives’ power, employee stock ownership plans, reliance on employees, internal control weakness, and state-owned enterprises. This study sheds light on how high-quality human capital creates firms value from the perspective of accounting practice.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE IN ADAPTATION TO MARKET CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the innovative environment of the enterprise and the importance of its improvement during adaptation to market conditions. Achieving and maintaining the competitive advantages of the enterprise is possible with the effective use of innovations. Innovative processes at the enterprise are described, which are a complex and multi-stage phenomenon that includes the use of not only financial, but also human resources and are aimed at improving not only the enterprise's activity itself, but also the entire innovation environment. The innovation process takes place according to the development scenario at the enterprise: there is a significant personnel potential, a gradual increase in the educational level of employees, but outdated equipment, low financial support for innovative activities. The key points of the organization of innovative activities at the enterprise are presented, where success, like failure, depends on many factors and, mainly, on the correct identification of the prospects for the introduction of innovations with consideration of adaptability to internal and external market conditions. The innovative potential and its features are considered due to the introduction of the corresponding innovation department based on the principles of corporate management to improve the innovative environment of the enterprise.

Local attention to employees’ rights and firm value: Evidence from China

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, employees' rights have received growing attention in recent years. Motivated by a series of emerging labor rights issues, we construct a search-based index of local attention to employees' rights to explore whether and how local attention to labor rights affects the value of local companies in China. We find that local attention is positively associated with firm value, and this relationship is mediated by education level of employees. Additionally, we find that the level of local attention to employees’ rights can be used as an investment strategy for portfolio construction to earn positive returns.

Predictors of Pro-Environmental Intention and Behavior: A Perspective of Stimulus–Organism–Response Theory

Considering the importance of pro-environmental issues, this study aims to determine the impact of level of employee education and pro-environmental intention on pro-environmental behavior based on stimulus–organism–response theory. There was a total of 425 respondents participating in the survey. This study was conducted during the period of March–June 2022. The data were analyzed using partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that the level of employee education has a positive impact on pro-environmental intention. In addition, pro-environmental intention has a significant impact on pro-environment behavior. Overall, this study sheds light on stimulus–organism–response theory in the context of Indonesia.

Peranan Kompetensi SDM Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan

This study describes the role of human resource competence in improving employee performance. The human resources needed by companies today are HR competencies that have the skills to adapt to new environments such as the adoption of new technologies. The role of HR competencies today requires task skills and skill transfer skills as basic characteristics (underlying characteristics) that are deep and inherent in a person that can be used to predict various specific work situations, such as technological advances in today's digital era. This study uses a qualitative research method which is carried out on the process of understanding based on facts in a social phenomenon and human problem, and presented in an analytical and descriptive manner and collected systematically. This research uses a case study approach. The results of this study indicate that preparing human resource competencies today is an easy thing. There are challenges that hinder the success or failure of the efforts undertaken. There are several challenges that must be resolved, such as the education level of employees is still low, employees who do not have the competence to develop themselves, there are still some employees who do not understand the application of technology in the work environment, and the lack of consistency in training and development that PT Mpingchips does for each of its employees. Employee education and training contribute to increasing productivity, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. Education and training for employees at PT Mpingchips must be provided regularly so that each employee's competence is maintained to improve organizational performance

The effects of executives’ overseas background on enterprise digital transformation: evidence from China

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of executives’ overseas education and work experience on enterprise digital as executives’ overseas background is critical to the development of enterprises. It also explored the mediating role of enterprise digital transformation on the relationship between executives’ overseas background and enterprise growth.Design/methodology/approachChinese A-share companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges for the period 2018–2020 were analyzed using regression analysis and bootstrapping to verify hypothesized relationships.FindingsExecutives’ overseas study and work experience both enhanced enterprise digital transformation significantly, thus improving enterprise growth. The level of employee education moderated the mediating role proposed in the theoretical model. Moreover, the promoting effect of executives’ overseas background on enterprise digital transformation was more significant for non-state-owned enterprises and those in eastern China.Practical implicationsThe findings provide reference for the formulation and optimization of companies’ human resource structure and have implications on the improvement of enterprise digital transformation and enterprise growth.Originality/valueThis study explored the factors influencing enterprise digital transformation at the microlevel of corporate human capital, thereby providing microlevel empirical evidence for research on the factors influencing enterprise digital transformation. Its findings shed light on the mechanism and context under which executives with overseas backgrounds may enhance enterprise digital transformation and growth.

Innovative Strategies for Talent Cultivation in New Ventures Under Higher Education.

This study aims to help enterprises enhance their innovation capabilities in the environment of knowledge economy globalization and stand out in the fierce industry competition. Firstly, data on existing higher education theories and innovation theories are analyzed. Secondly, two companies in the sample data are selected for detailed analysis. Finally, research conclusion and corresponding talent management strategies are presented. The results show that the cumulative contribution value of employees is 87.496%. The cumulative contribution value of human capital is 70.322%. The contribution value of cumulative innovation performance is 61.658%. The cumulative contribution value of R&D investment is 45.306%. The coefficient for the overall sample size is 0.509. The employee quality coefficient is 0.452. The correlation coefficient for educational attainment is 0.598. The high-tech service industry has the highest correlation coefficient at 0.504. The auto industry has the highest coefficient at 0.669. The experimental research has drawn the following conclusion: (1) Talents positively affect enterprise innovation performance; (2) Research and Development (R&D) investment has a positive correlation with enterprise innovation performance; (3) R&D investment has a positive correlation with talents. Through experimental research, the education level of employees is measured by academic qualifications, but the essence of academic qualification measurement is the level of knowledge and skills that employees have. In summary, the study can extend the strategic analysis of the cultivation of innovative talents and play a valuable auxiliary role in cultivating innovative talents.

Human Resources Development In Bitung City Library Service

This study aims to analyze Human Resource Development at the Bitung City Library Service. This study uses qualitative research methods. There are 6 (six) informants who were interviewed. The current research results indicate that technical guidance activities are virtual and face-to-face. Technical guidance activities are only carried out 2 (two) times a year for the Bitung City Library Service. The level of education of employees is still not by the positions and competencies required. There is still no librarian, and the achievement of work results from employees who have received training is not optimal. Even the existing facilities and infrastructure at the Bitung City Library Service are still inadequate. The Bitung City Library Service does not yet have educational backgrounds or disciplines about libraries. The service has not yet maximized the impact felt by the service on employees who have received socialization related to the main tasks and functions. There is no reading building for the public at the Bitung City Library Service. There is still no archivist, so there is still a lack of human resources at the Bitung City Library Service. Employees are still not able to complete tasks quickly and accurately. Suggestions from researchers are that the implementation of technical guidance activities must be added and maximized. The level of employee education must be by the positions and competencies required.

Increasing Productivity of Furniture Factory with Lean Manufacturing Techniques (Case Study)

Lean manufacturing techniques are mostly applied in large enterprises and companies that produce more technological products. In this study, productivity has been increased by the application of lean production techniques in SMEs that produces simpler products and has a lower education level of employees. For this, as the first step, Pareto analysis is performed on the sales and production data of the previous year, and the target product family is selected for improvement. In the next step of the study, improvement projects are determined with the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) method, and then productivity increases are achieved by using Kaizen, 5S, standard work, layout plan, and single-piece flow techniques. As a result of the applications, a decrease was achieved in the production process times and the number of quality defects, and at the end of one year, a 29% reduction in total workmanship is observed.

Factors Affecting Central Government’s Performance Accountability in Indonesia

The literature regarding the correlation of central government spending on performance accountability and the benefits of BSC implementation on the government’s performance reporting practices are rarely discussed, especially in developing countries. Consequently, this paper aims to examine the effects of expenditure budget and BSC implementation on the Indonesian central government’s performance accountability. This research employs panel data analysis using secondary data from the central government’s assessment. The findings confirm that central government expenditure and BSC implementation significantly and positively affect performance accountability. Specifically, ministries/agencies working in financial services have higher performance accountability than ministries/agencies in politics, laws, and security affairs. Additionally, the results show that the better the education level of employees, the better performance accountability. By determining the factors that positively influence performance accountability, the central government can formulate specific policies to improve its performance.

The Configuration of Supply Chain Concentration and Staff Structure in Intelligent Manufacturing: A Fuzzy Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis

In traditional manufacturing enterprises, there are common problems of low added value of products, low profit, and poor business performance. As a result, they endeavor to transform themselves into intelligent manufacturing. To help with their transformation, this paper proposes a decision support model for managers to improve the business performance under different configurations of supply chain concentration and staff structure. Through the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, the membership degree is given to the variables, and then the configuration analysis is carried out. We find that, to facilitate intelligent manufacturing, the concentration degree of supply chain or the structure of employee education should be adjusted according to the results from the qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets. Two configuration paths to improve business performance are found. When the supply chain concentration degree is relatively decentralized, manufacturing enterprises should expand the proportion of sales personnel and production personnel. In other words, when the sales personnel and production personnel reach the saturation state, low concentration of suppliers and customers is more conducive to the improvement of business performance. The configuration of high proportion of production personnel and low customer concentration tends to lock enterprises in the lower end of the value chain. Therefore, it is critical for enterprises to improve the education level of employees to transform into intelligent manufacturing and improve their business performance.