Level Of Climate Change Awareness Research Articles

Enhancing Operations for Sustainability in Indonesian SMEs through Climate Change Awareness and Business Orientation

This study aims to identify the level of climate change awareness among small-medium scale entrepreneurs (SMEs) and to investigate its impact on future business orientation, with individual self-perception acting as a mediating variable. Addressing a significant gap in the literature, this research explores the reciprocal influence between SMEs and climate change—an area previously underexplored. Conducted in West Sumatra, Indonesia, this study employs a quantitative causal analysis approach using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) for robust analysis. The findings indicate that while awareness and self-perception of climate change among SMEs are low, they significantly influence potential changes in business orientation. The study reveals that although many SMEs possess a high level of educational attainment, this does not necessarily translate into heightened awareness or self-perception regarding climate change. This disconnect underscores the critical role of tailored educational initiatives and support systems to bridge the gap between knowledge and action. Additionally, the study finds that SMEs often prioritize immediate financial stability over long-term environmental sustainability, driven by the necessity to meet daily operational demands. These results underscore the urgent need for pre-emptive government policies to guide SMEs toward sustainable practices. Effective interventions should include financial incentives, technical assistance, and educational programs designed to enhance climate change awareness and capabilities among SMEs. Furthermore, this study contributes to the field of industrial engineering by identifying opportunities to optimize SME operations. By integrating environmental sustainability into business strategies, SMEs can enhance their resilience and competitiveness while contributing to broader environmental goals. This research advances the understanding of the dynamic interplay between SMEs and climate change, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at promoting sustainable industrial practices.

Media Influence on Climate Change Discourse in Pakistan

This study delves into the examination of public perceptions concerning the influence of media on the discourse surrounding climate change in Pakistan. By scrutinizing the role of media in shaping social, political, biological, and economic narratives related to the climate crisis, this research aims to provide insights into the dynamic interaction between media representations and public understanding of environmental issues. Through comprehensive analysis, the study seeks to uncover the complexities of how media portrayal influences public perceptions and responses to climate change in the Pakistani context. The project objectives were how information on climate change is communicated and received across varied groups, with a focus on understanding the influence of media outlets such as television, radio, and internet platforms. For this purpose, it affects the level of climate change awareness in different places. The study emphasizes the significance of developing personalized communication techniques for different locations in order to successfully address the particular difficulties that each community faces. It also looks at the media's role in promoting sustainable practices and instilling a feeling of environmental responsibility in the public. The study emphasizes the importance of improved coordination across media outlets, government agencies, and environmental organizations in order to improve the accuracy and reach of climate change information. Understanding the impact of the media on rural and urban people is critical for establishing targeted interventions that contribute to a more informed and environmentally conscious society in Pakistan, however, the outcome of the study shows that the majority of the respondents are well aware of the environmental and climate change issues but majority of them do not practice the same precautions.

Examining climate change awareness and climate-friendly activities of urban residents: A case study in Košice

As the impact of climate change begins to be felt all around the world, the vulnerability of urban areas due to their population density, high concentration of economic activities and the altered characteristics of the physical environment is becoming increasingly apparent. As a result, cities will play a crucial role in tackling climate change by fostering mitigation activities and managing and coordinating the adaptation process. Research has shown that engagement and awareness among citizens is vital in the promotion of effective adaptation policies, but studies have also drawn attention to the significance of the so-called “awareness-action gap,” the absence of a direct link between awareness and action. This study contributes to the ongoing debate over the awareness-action nexus by discussing the factors that can affect the adaptation and mitigation activities of urban citizens using the Slovak city of Košice as a case study. Data was collected using a survey conducted with local residents as part of the preparations for the city’s first adaptation strategy on climate change. The paper uses a two-step analysis to investigate the socio-economic, psychological and contextual factors associated with climate change awareness and climate-friendly activities. The results of the standard linear regression model indicate that self-assessed vulnerability is a determining factor in both the level of climate change awareness and the likelihood of individuals to take action. In the second step, we find that the factors which influence engagement in climate-friendly activities differ depending on the costs involved in implementing the activities. The exploratory analysis conducted using a machine learning algorithm suggests that the awareness-action nexus may be non-linear in nature. The main findings of this study imply that communication strategies should place a primary emphasis on individuals’ vulnerability to the negative impacts of climate change. The paper contributes to the existing research by providing a case study of a generally under-researched geographical area of Central Europe. In addition, the analysis provides a specific context of urban area and implications for local policymakers, something that has been lacking the in literature looking primarily at data at the country level.

AGE DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS

Abstract Although previous studies show that older adults are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, the actions of older adults to address climate change have not received much attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate age differences in the perception of climate change and the characteristics of pro-environmental behavior. We analyzed cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample drawn from the 2022 Korea Social Survey. The sample consisted of 15,252 adults, including younger adults (aged 19-34, n=6,132) and older adults (aged 65+, n=9,120). Pro-environmental behavior included the following actions: using public transportation, recycling, reducing the use of disposable products, and saving water and power. T-test and moderation analysis were conducted. Results showed that the younger group was more likely to be aware of climate change than the older group (F=68.022, p< 0.01). However, older adults were less likely than younger adults to make food waste and save water and electricity more (p< 0.01). There were no age differences in recycling, which is a representative environmental protection behavior. Results from a moderation analysis revealed that younger adults made more effort to recycle in the lower level of climate change awareness whereas older adults made more effort to recycle in the higher level (B = .031, p< 0.01). The findings indicate that older adults may play a crucial role in taking action to respond to climate change and suggest that promoting awareness of climate change among older adults could be an effective strategy to encourage pro-environmental behavior.

An Assessment of the Interaction between Climate Change and Plastic Products among Agro-Market Owners and Horticultural Farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study assessed climate change impact on the use of plastic products among agro-marketers and horticultural enterprises in Calabar agricultural zone of Cross River State. A Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The study adopted the multistage sampling procedure to select a total of 200 respondents from agro-market and horticultural enterprises. Results show that climate change influenced the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents by; increasing their labour ( = 2.7), enhancing their membership into professional, cooperative, market or farm organization ( =2.53) and improved their knowledge through plastic and climate change awareness ( = 2.47). Climate change influenced agro-market enterprises through payment of carbon emission tax ( = 2.94), increase the cost of packaged goods due to unfavourable plastic policies (2.92) and increase in the release of harmful chemicals from plastic waste due to higher temperature to the environment (2.75). Recommendations advocated improvement in the level of climate change awareness on the use of plastic products for agro- marketers and horticulturists in the study area in order to reduce the severe impact of climate change on products in plastic packages. Also, that the production of plastic products be monitored by government agencies to ensure a total removal or lowest rate of incorporation of hazardous chemicals that are easily influenced by the climate to alter the quality of products in plastics.

Awareness, media, and mitigation actions for climate change: a study among the students of higher education in Tripura

Scientific research has revealed that global warming is getting irreversible with the passage of time and it is largely a human-induced phenomenon. India is one of the top three emitters of carbon dioxide in the world. However, the general public in India is unaware of what actually causes anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change. This study is undertaken to assess the level of climate change awareness and willingness to adopt mitigation actions by the students (N = 657) of higher education in Tripura, a small state in North East India, bordering Bangladesh on three sides. In addition, the study also attempts to draw whether there exist any correlations between the level of media usage with the level of climate change awareness and the level of climate change awareness with the level of willingness to adopt climate change mitigation actions. The results show that students of higher education in Tripura have a high level of climate change awareness, and the primary sources for climate change-related information are the Internet, TV, and newspapers. The scientists were the most trusted sources of climate change-related information followed by the mass media. The findings also establish that the students are willing to adopt climate change mitigation actions, even if it costs them something extra. The students who are willing (7.6%) and extremely willing (65.4%) to embrace climate change mitigation actions constituted more than 70% of the total respondents of the survey. The paper concludes that the level of willingness to adopt climate change mitigation actions was found to be significantly correlated with the level of awareness of the consequences of climate change when media are key actors in the dissemination of information; however, the level of understanding about solutions for climate change is not correlated with the level of awareness about the causes of climate change.

AWARENESS FOR BETTER ADAPTATION STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN PAKISTAN

Climate change awareness has become very important to develop adaptation strategies for climate change impacts. Climate change impacts varied in type and intensity for different countries, but the lack of awareness is making developing countries more vulnerable to the alarming impacts of climate change. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of awareness to make adaptation strategy for climate change impacts in Lahore, Pakistan. Relevant literature on climate change awareness revealed that climate change awareness in Pakistan was very low. The findings of this paper were based on a detailed survey conducted with the general public of Lahore. This research paper was attempted to find out the existing level of climate change awareness for making better adaptation strategy in Lahore

Impact of climate change awareness on undergraduates’ socio-emotional well-being in Nigeria

Students’ living conditions may suffer as a result of climate change. This research examined the impact of climate change awareness on undergraduates’ beliefs about socio-emotional well-being in Nigeria. The total number of undergraduate students in Kwara state made up the study’s population, with the sample size being 589. The Climate Change and Mental Wellbeing Questionnaire (CCMWQ) was used to collect data from randomly selected undergraduate participants for the study. The acquired data was evaluated using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and PPMC at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most undergraduates are aware of climate change but have little understanding of its origins, effects, and preventive strategies. The results further revealed that the undergraduates’ level of climate change awareness influences their beliefs about their socio-emotional wellbeing. At different ages, participants’ opinions on how climate change would affect their socio-emotional health varied dramatically. Similarly, a correlation exists between climate change awareness and beliefs about socio-emotional well-being and awareness and attitude towards protecting the environment.

Environmental Education of Students Pursuing Higher Education: Probing on Climate Change Awareness

Several studies argued that the inclination of individuals to participate in activities aiming at environmental conservation emanates from their degree of awareness of the existing problem. Hence, this study examined the level of awareness of students of Batanes State College, Philippines, towards climate change and compare their knowledge to the individual backgrounds. The researchers used a survey questionnaire as the primary tool for gathering data. Mean and percentage were used to describe the profile of the respondents and their awareness of climate change while Chi-Square Test was used to determine the significant difference in the awareness of the respondents in terms of their profile. The results showed that the students demonstrated a moderate level of awareness of the occurrences, causes and consequences of climate change. When compared against their personal backgrounds, the result revealed that there is no significant difference in their level of climate change awareness. This moderate level of awareness towards climate change, despite the harsh weather conditions frequently experienced in Batanes, calls for intensifying the school’s efforts in raising awareness of the occurrence, consequences, and causes of climate change. Consequently, these actions will eventually improve the attitude and behaviour of the students to take active participation in the protection of the environment.

Rice Farmers’ Awareness and Perception of Climate Change in Ondo State, Nigeria

The study investigated rice farmers’ awareness and perception of climate change on rice production in Ondo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the rice farmers, determine the level of awareness among rice farmers, examine the perceptions of the respondents on climate change, examine the coping strategies to climate change and identify the constraints militating against the production of rice. A validated interview scheduled was used to source information from one hundred and forty-four rice farmers. Primary data were collected on some socio-economic characteristics of rice farmers, awareness level of climate change, perceived effect of climate change on rice production, adaptation strategies and constraints to rice production in the study area. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean, and ranking were used to summarize the data. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the relationships between selected socio-economic characteristic of rice farmers and their level of awareness of climate change. The mean age of rice farmers was 43.1 years with male (59.7%) dominated rice farming, 78.5% were married, and 70.2% percent could read and write. The mean annual income was N298.611 and mean farm size was 3.3hectares. Rice farmers were aware of climate change through some changes in climate elements such as excessive rainfall, prolonged dry season, high temperature, pests, and diseases infestations etc. As perceived by rice farmers, some effects of climate change were poor growth, poor yield, poor marketing, and the adaptation strategies employed were increased farm size, planting of improved rice varieties, irrigation practices change in planting periods etc. The regression results shows that household size had co-efficient (0.30), sex (0.509), years of farming experience (0.211) and level of education (0.383) which are positively significant to rice farmers’ awareness of climate change. It was found that rice farmers were aware of climate change. The study therefore recommends that rice farmers should be encouraged by Government and Non-Government agencies through the provision of improved rice varieties, fertilizers etc. Rice farmers should also be encouraged to form themselves into cooperative societies in order for them to have easy access to credit and other facilities.

An evaluation of farmers’ perception, awareness, and adaptation towards climate change: a study from Punjab province Pakistan

ABSTRACT: Globally, all environmental sectors are threatened by climate change, most especially to the food and agriculture sectors. Pakistan is a developing country that is most vulnerable to extreme and harsh climatic conditions, especially in Southeast Asia. Climate change has often adverse effects on Pakistan because it is often affected by severe weather conditions. Although, some studies have reported on farmers’ perceptiveness regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation, there is still insufficient awareness among Pakistanis’ farmers. Key knowledge is very important for farmers to overcome the harsh climatic conditions for harvesting and saving crops. To bridge this gap, this research discovered the awareness level of climate change, weather conditions, and related factors among Pakistani farmers. Through a stratified random sampling technique, 500 structured questionnaires were distributed among the farmers in four districts of Punjab Pakistan for study analysis. The probit model was used to analyze the farmer’s perception regarding climate change, socio-demographic and economic variables. The findings of this research showed that 75% of farmers are aware of climate change. Perception of climate change between farmers was directly associated with agriculture experience, farmers’ age, land ownership status, level of education, information sources, and access to extension. Also, our research showed that farmers’ assessment of adaptive behavior showed that farmers are actively implementing crop diversification, irrigation, and other adaptation strategies. Results of this study will help government agencies and policymakers in Pakistan and other regions to develop sustainable adaptation measures in the framework of climate change.

Climate change awareness of the young generation and its impact on their diet

As climate change is a topic that highly influences the young generation, it is important to understand the level of climate change awareness of younger people. Nutrition is an important aspect to consider in relation to climate change awareness, as nutrition is a field of action where everyone can contribute. For example, following a meat-free diet can significantly help mitigate climate change. The aim of this study was to analyze the climate change awareness of the young generation and to reveal which positions on climate change are represented by this generation and to what extent. Additionally, this study analyzed whether the young generation incorporates their climate change awareness into their diet. The comprehensive sample consisted of 1479 young German citizens between 15 and 29 years old. The results of the latent profile analysis show that three different climate change awareness segments exist among the young generation. Half of the sample is highly aware of climate change, while 13.9% of the sample deny climate change exists. A group of 29.4% lies in between. They recognize climate change, but assess its risks as relatively low. This result reveals that, among the young generation, climate change awareness varies significantly. The results also show that participants who are aware of climate change have a higher probability of following a climate-friendly diet, while, surprisingly, the undecided group is much closer to the climate deniers in their attitudes and dietary patterns.

Awareness level of climate change among paddy farmers

This study examined the awareness level of paddy farmers on climate change. Among the 29 districts of Tamil Nadu, Nagapattinam district was selected to conduct the present study. This is situated in coastal area and very often subjected to natural calamities which were mainly reflected on the rice cultivation to the worst status. Data for the study were collected from 200 respondents selected through simple random sampling technique. The study revealed that majority (71.50 %) of the respondent had medium level of awareness of climate change followed by high (17.00 %) and low (11.50 %) category. More than eighty per cent of the respondents were aware about the issues viz., receipt of low rain fall (90.50 %), uneven distribution of rain fall (89.00 %), frequent cyclone (87.00 %) and reduction in number of rainy days (86.50 %). The awareness level was found to be minimum in the issues like acid rain (34.50 %), variation in wind speed and direction (44.50 %), increasing heat and cold waves (48.00 %). The study concluded that the majority of farmers were aware of climate change but some of them were lacked in detail information about climate change. Therefore, it is suggested that extension education should be strengthened to boost farmers’ awareness level on climate change in detailed and prepare them for adaptation measures and that appropriate technologies be promoted for adaptation by farmers.

Assessment of Climate Change Awareness in the Kakamega-Nandi Forest Complex in the Western Region

Aims: This study assessed the level of climate change awareness among the forest-adjacent communities in the Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem complex. Four locations were chosen for the study, Buyangu and Isecheno in the Kakamega forest, Kaptumo in Nandi South and Kipsamoite in Nandi North forest ecosystems.
 Study Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from primary sources. Structured questionnaires were administered to the residents aged 25years and older within the study area.
 Place and Duration of Study: The Kakamega, north and south Nandi forest ecosystems in western Kenya between June -December 2019.
 Methodology: A total of 280 questionnaires were randomly administered to the forest-adjacent respondents with, Kakamega forest 163 respondents, South Nandi forest 60, while North Nandi had 57respondents. A total of 217 questionnaires were filled and returned and the information wherein used in data analysis. Focused Group Discussion and key informants were used to supplement data collects by the questionnaires.
 Results: Majority of the residents (54%) were less concerned about climate change. In addition, 85% of the respondents had very little knowledge on coping and adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change. Some 40 % and 45% of the respondents got information about climate through televisions and radios, respectively. Further analysis of the results revealed that climate change was responsible for fourteen key impacts. These included an increase in rainfall, prolonged drought, decrease in the quality and quantity of fresh water, decrease in food security, an increase in temperature, a decrease in agricultural resources, an increase in sickness and disease, a decrease in quality of life, flooding, decrease in forest cover, loss of homes, reduction in biodiversity, and rise in storm surge. A Chi test revealed a significant relationship between forest cover decline and changes in rainfall patterns (X2 = 111.86, df =12, p<0.001), increasing temperature (X2 = 80.492, df =12, p<0.001);, drought( (X2 = 204.84, df =16, p<0.001) and storm surges (X2 = 74.34, df =8, p<0.001)]. The respondents' level of education was significantly different from their level of climate change awareness (X2=44.88, df=4, p<0.001).
 Conclusion: Forest-adjacent communities in the Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem complex are vulnerable to climate change as a result of insufficient knowledge about climate change and its impacts. The Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem is already experiencing climate change effects such as erratic rainfall and increasing food insecurity.

Climate change concern and the desire to travel: How do I justify my flights?

There is an urgent need to reduce emissions from the aviation sector. Although awareness of climate change is growing, few are willing to alter their flight behaviour. Through a qualitative analysis of interview materials collected from Reykjavik Capital Region residents, this study explores how globally affluent, highly mobile young urbanites justify their international travel by plane, despite their climate change awareness, and if they are willing to change their behaviour. Six themes of justifications to continue air travel were identified; shifting responsibility, compensatory behaviours, lack of knowledge or awareness, lack of other options, benefits outweighing impacts, and carbon offsetting. Their use differed depending on respondents’ level of climate change awareness and willingness to reduce air travel, but willingness to reduce travel did not differ between awareness level scores. None were willing to quit flying regardless of their level of awareness. Compared with previous literature, we found a greater emphasis placed on the benefits of air travel. We suggest policy uptake for both individual and collective realms, such as kerosene tax and mandatory carbon offsetting, as shifting responsibility can delay action regardless of the way in which it is shifted, and reductions in these realms can only happen in concert. Other sources of well-being should be emphasized and the social norm around frequent travel actively challenged. Knowledge on the specific climate impacts of flights should be better communicated to the public and put into perspective with the global fair share of emissions and steep mitigation curves to keep warming below 1.5°.

Awareness of climate change's impacts and motivation to adapt are not enough to drive action: A look of Puerto Rican farmers after Hurricane Maria.

Understanding how perceptions around motivation, capacity, and climate change's impacts relate to the adoption of adaptation practices in light of experiences with extreme weather events is important in assessing farmers' adaptive capacity. However, very little of this work has occurred in islands, which may have different vulnerabilities and capacities for adaptation. Data of surveyed farmers throughout Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria (n = 405, 87% response rate) were used in a structural equation model to explore the extent to which their adoption of agricultural practices and management strategies was driven by perceptions of motivation, vulnerability, and capacity as a function of their psychological distance of climate change. Our results show that half of farmers did not adopt any practice or strategy, even though the majority perceived themselves capable and motivated to adapt to climate change, and understood their farms to be vulnerable to future extreme events. Furthermore, adoption was neither linked to these adaptation perceptions, nor to their psychological distance of climate change, which we found to be both near and far. Puerto Rican farmers' showed a broad awareness of climate change's impacts both locally and globally in different dimensions (temporal, spatial, and social), and climate distance was not linked to reported damages from Hurricane Maria or to previous extreme weather events. These results suggest that we may be reaching a tipping point for extreme events as a driver for climate belief and action, especially in places where there is a high level of climate change awareness and continued experience of compounded impacts. Further, high perceived capacity and motivation are not linked to actual adaptation behaviors, suggesting that broadening adaptation analyses beyond individual perceptions and capacities as drivers of climate adaptation may give us a better understanding of the determinants to strengthen farmers' adaptive capacity.

Climate change awareness, environmental education and gender role burdens among rural farmers of Northern Cross River State, Nigeria

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of climate change awareness among the rural farmers of Northern Cross River state, investigate the gender role analyzes of some daily routine activities carried out by these rural farmers, ascertain the difference in workload burden of the impacts of climate change between men and women, identify the strategies adopted by these rural farmers to mitigate the effects of climate change in their agricultural activities and investigate the roles Environmental Education (EE) can play in helping the rural farmers to design and adopt sustainable adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce or completely eradicate their vulnerability to climate change effects. Design/methodology/approach The research design adopted for this study is the cross-sectional survey method. Five research questions guided the study. Two sets of instruments were used for data collection, a sample of 1,258 respondents (0.1%) were selected for the study. The researchers personally administered the instruments and collected the same back, two instruments were not properly filled, so they were rejected. Findings The finding of the study revealed that rural farmers have some level of climate change awareness, which they got from radio, newspapers, awareness campaigns, flyers, billboards, among others. Six out of the nine strategies listed were adopted by the rural farmers to mitigate climate change effects among these rural farmers. There is a significant difference in gender workload burden between women and male in the area, the result is positively skewed toward women, implying that the burden of workload for women increased over those of men. The result also shows that EE can influence their attitude toward climate change through awareness creation, knowledge provisions and also encourage members participation in climate change effect mitigation, prevention and adaptation. Research limitations/implications With this result, EE can be used as a tool for the creation of knowledge, awareness, attitude and encourage the participation of these rural farmers toward mitigating and prevention climate change effects among these rural farmers. It was recommended among others that deliberate policies should be designed to make EE help create the needed awareness on climate change, beginning from the causes, effects and mitigation strategies among rural farmers in their community. Practical implications Already, most Environmental Educators have been trained, the government should design and formulate practical policies to use them as extension agent on climate change effort to go to these rural communities and create the needed awareness, knowledge, skills and attitude to help them combat climate change effects including trees and cover crops planting and also re-introducing the use of irrigation agriculture in these farming communities. Social implications With the creation of awareness, social groups and individuals can also make a social investment from these activities and also improve their social capitals, thereby reducing social burdens and improving their living conditions within the rural settings. Originality/value This research is an original research paper from the effort. the purpose is to assess the extent of climate change awareness level and how the effects of climate change increase or reduces the burden of gender workload among rural farmers and the strategies which can be used by these rural farmers to prevent, mitigate and adapt to climate change effects and the roles EE can play. This study has an original value in the sense that in the course of the study, the study hardly saw articles on these specific variables in whole research, hence the resolve to assess these variables.

Farmers’ awareness level and their perceptions of climate change: A case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan

Climate change is an environmental threat to all the sectors, especially the agricultural sector around the globe. Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable regions to extreme climatic events in developing world especially in Southeast Asia. Pakistan has detrimentally affected by the climatic variations due to its high exposure to extreme climatic events. Several studies have reported the farm households’ perception, adaptation and mitigation about climate change but there is inadequate knowledge available on the awareness of farm households about climate change in Pakistan. To fill this research gap, the purpose of research aims to examine the Pakistani farm household’s awareness level of climate change and its associated factors. By using structured questionnaire in data of 400 study participants were collected from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan through a household’s survey. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized for collection of primary data. A probit model approach was employed to analyze the farm households’ awareness of climate change and its associated socioeconomic and demographic variables. Results of our study exposed that 73 % farm households were aware of climate change. Socio economics and demographic variables such as age of farm households, education level, farming experience, land ownership status, extension and information sources access were pointedly related to farm households’ awareness of climate change. Further, results of our study showed that the evaluation of farm households’ adaptation behavior suggests that farm households are active in using several adaptation strategies such as crop diversification and use of irrigation etc. It is expected that the findings of the present research will be helpful to guide governmental agencies and policymakers and contribute to the construction of sustainable adaptation measures in Pakistan and other regions in the framework of climate change.

Dealing with climate change in the German Wadden Sea: Perceptions, measures, and contestation on Hallig Hooge

The Halligen in the German North Sea are a special type of island that are highly exposed to the adverse impacts of climate change. How do the Halligen adapt to these impacts, and what are the controversies and conflicts surrounding the adaptation process? In line with the recent “political turn” in critical adaptation research, we understand adaptation as a social and political—and therefore inherently contested—process. To uncover the contested nature of adaptation, we carried out a case study of Hallig Hooge, the largest inhabited Hallig, based on semi-structured interviews with Hallig residents. We first examine how the local population on Hallig Hooge perceives and responds to the impacts of climate change. In a second step, we then identify tensions or controversies that surround the adaptation process. The interviews reveal a high level of climate change awareness. The local population notices many different changes, but does not necessarily perceive these as threatening, not least because a range of adaptation measures is available and partly already being implemented. While the population approves of adaptation in principle, there are inherent tensions. Notably, we identify three partly overlapping controversies regarding, first, a general dichotomy of man vs. nature; second, the role of different actors and types of knowledge; and third, the objective of adaptation. Hence, the local population questions many regulations and restrictions associated with environmental protection; feels that their experience and local knowledge is not taken seriously enough; and worries that too many innovations may fundamentally change the character of the Hallig. Overall, the adaptive capacity of Hallig Hooge is high, but long-term climate change and adaptation to it raise the question of what it is that should be protected and preserved. This question is a political one, and it can only be answered through dialogue with the local population.

How many young generations are there? – A typology of teenagers’ climate change awareness in Germany and Austria

Under the premise that the young generation of teenagers cannot be considered to be uniform, this study identified groups of teenagers based on their level of climate change awareness. Questionnaires answered by 760 teenagers (13–16 years old) from Germany and Austria were analyzed using a hierarchical cluster analysis. The teenagers were assigned to four groups that differed as to their cognitive, affective and conative aspects of climate change awareness. Based on the empirical results, the authors argue that there are different subgroups of young people in terms of climate change awareness, which climate change education should take into consideration.