Abstract
ABSTRACT: Globally, all environmental sectors are threatened by climate change, most especially to the food and agriculture sectors. Pakistan is a developing country that is most vulnerable to extreme and harsh climatic conditions, especially in Southeast Asia. Climate change has often adverse effects on Pakistan because it is often affected by severe weather conditions. Although, some studies have reported on farmers’ perceptiveness regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation, there is still insufficient awareness among Pakistanis’ farmers. Key knowledge is very important for farmers to overcome the harsh climatic conditions for harvesting and saving crops. To bridge this gap, this research discovered the awareness level of climate change, weather conditions, and related factors among Pakistani farmers. Through a stratified random sampling technique, 500 structured questionnaires were distributed among the farmers in four districts of Punjab Pakistan for study analysis. The probit model was used to analyze the farmer’s perception regarding climate change, socio-demographic and economic variables. The findings of this research showed that 75% of farmers are aware of climate change. Perception of climate change between farmers was directly associated with agriculture experience, farmers’ age, land ownership status, level of education, information sources, and access to extension. Also, our research showed that farmers’ assessment of adaptive behavior showed that farmers are actively implementing crop diversification, irrigation, and other adaptation strategies. Results of this study will help government agencies and policymakers in Pakistan and other regions to develop sustainable adaptation measures in the framework of climate change.
Highlights
Worldwide, society is facing an immense amount of environmental challenges, but climate change is one of the boundless universal challenges among these (STEFFEN et al, 2015)
Other undeveloped countries farm households have a higher level of awareness than Pakistan farmers as shown in results, where 86% of farmers are aware of climate changes regarding temperature (MANDLENI & ANIM, 2011; HUONG et al, 2017), 75% of farmers know about climatic variations in Nigeria (SOFOLUWE et al, 2011) while HASAN and AKHTER (2011) pointed out that 85% of farmers are conscious of climate change in Bangladesh
The awareness level of farmers is influenced by many factors, including socioeconomic and demographic factors
Summary
Society is facing an immense amount of environmental challenges (like global warming, climate change, pollution, etc.), but climate change is one of the boundless universal challenges among these (STEFFEN et al, 2015). Climatic changes affect the world, causing widespread upheaval and inevitably affecting the economy There are various aspects (for instance agriculture, ecosystem, water resources, forestry, infrastructure, fisheries, and human health) that are considered essential for livelihoods (BENISTON, 2003; PULHIN et al, 2006). Many ecosystems have been pretentious by climate changes through variations in environment events in the shape of rising temperature, increase in sea level, changing rainfall patterns, glaciers melting and devastation of floods (IPCC, 2007). Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, climate change is expected to be greater than in the last century (PACHAURI & SPRENG, 2011)
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