Carbon Dioxide Levels Research Articles

Carbon Dioxide Level between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation after Extubation in Neonates: A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) and synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (sNIPPV) yield a lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) after extubation than nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Our aim was to clarify which of the two was superior. We performed a crossover randomized study to evaluate pCO2 level among 102 participants from July 2020 to June 2022. Intubated preterm and term neonates with arterial lines were randomly allocated to nHFOV-sNIPPV or sNIPPV-nHFOV sequences; their pCO2 levels were measured after 2 hours in each mode. Subgroup analyses were performed for preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) and very preterm (gestational age <32 weeks) neonates. The mean gestational age (nHFOV-sNIPPV, 32.8 vs. sNIPPV-nHFOV, 33.5 weeks) and median birth weight (1,850 vs. 1,930 g) did not differ between the sequences. The mean ± standard deviation pCO2 level after nHFOV (38.7 ± 8.8 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that after sNIPPV (36.8 ± 10.2 mm Hg; mean difference: 1.9 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval: 0.3-3.4 mm Hg; treatment effect [p = 0.007] but no sequence [p = 0.92], period [p = 0.53], or carryover [p = 0.94] effects). However, the difference in pCO2 level between the sequences was not statistically significant in the subgroup analyses of preterm and very preterm neonates. After neonatal extubation, the sNIPPV mode was associated with a lower pCO2 level than the nHFOV mode with no significant difference in preterm and very preterm neonates. · Full noninvasive ventilation support is suggested in neonatal ventilation.. · pCO2 level in sNIPPV was lower than in nHFOV.. · No differences in pCO2 levels were observed in either preterm or very preterm neonates..

Optical CO2 gas sensor based on liquid crystals in a textile grid

Given the increasing concerns about global warming, it is undeniable that measuring and controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, a colorless and odorless greenhouse gas, is of great value. In this respect, liquid crystals (LCs) as an anisotropic material hold promise for fabricating such gas sensors. Here, we report a sensitive optical gas sensor for real-time monitoring of CO2 gas, exploiting a textile grid impregnated with LC and diethanolamine (DEA) as a CO2-sensitive material. The sensing mechanism relies on the reorientation of LC molecules upon the interaction of gas analytes with DEA. By tracing optical texture changes and extracting the corresponding intensities, CO2 gas concentrations ranging from 300 to 10,000 ppm were detected. The sensor exhibits a response time of 12 seconds and a recovery time of 7 seconds at 800 ppm. The sensor is simple and cost-effective.

How to combat atmospheric carbon dioxide along with development activities? A mathematical model

Depletion in forest density due to development activities is one of the reasons for the elevated level of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this scenario, the plantation of leafy trees, which absorb more CO2 compared to regular trees, under a planned strategy may help to attain the desired level of atmospheric carbon dioxide. We have formulated a non-linear mathematical model concerning the strategy of maintaining the atmospheric level of CO2 along with development activities and analyzed the proportion of deforested land needed for the plantation of leafy trees. This strategy will ensure that the absorption of carbon dioxide remains at its previous level. To study the long-term behavior of the formulated model system, we employ the qualitative theory of differential equations. We have derived sufficient conditions under which all the considered dynamical variables settle to their equilibrium level. After analyzing the formulated model system, we find that the system undergoes Hopf and transcritical bifurcations with respect to the deforestation rate. Furthermore, numerical simulations have been carried out to support the analytically obtained results. Through simulation, we have determined the proportion of cleared land that should be utilized for the plantation of leafy trees to maintain the level of atmospheric CO2.

Effect of storage duration and storage technologies on pest infestations and post-harvest quality loss of stored sesame seeds in Ethiopia

Sesame seeds, being a crucial traditional oilseed crop in Ethiopia, face challenges related to storage and insect pests that can adversely affect their quality and quantity. Farmers often sell their sesame seeds immediately after harvest at lower prices due to concerns about pest damage during storage. This study aimed to assess the impact of different storage containers and storage durations on reducing infestation by storage insect pests and minimizing losses of stored sesame seeds over a six-month period. The findings revealed that hermetic storage solutions, particularly PICS and SGP bags, effectively suppressed insect development, minimized losses, and maintained seed viability without the need for insecticides. Weight loss in PICS and SGP bags remained consistent regardless of the storage duration, whereas jute and PP bags exhibited a significant increase in weight loss. Lower seed germination rates were observed in PP and jute bags, whereas PICS and SGP bags maintained consistent germination rates throughout the storage period. PICS and SGP bags also exhibited a significant decrease in oxygen levels and an increase in carbon dioxide levels, contributing to the reduction in insect infestation. In comparison, traditional storage bags such as jute and PP bags exhibited higher insect counts, seed damage, and greater weight loss compared to hermetic bags. Therefore, hermetic storage solutions are recommended for farmers to minimize losses and preserve seed viability. During the study, three insect species were identified as the most prevalent in stored sesame seeds: Corcyra cephalonica, Tribolium spp (T. castaneum & T. confusum), and Rhyzopetha dominica. The maximum insect counts of these species were recorded in jute bags. At the beginning of the experiment, the average seed damage across all storage units was 1.9%, which increased to 14.1% in jute bags and 9.3% in PP bags after six months of storage.

Sunflower physiological adjustments to elevated CO2 and temperature do not improve reproductive performance and productivity

High levels of carbon dioxide (eCO2) and temperature (eT) affect the physiological performance of sunflowers, but the full extent of their influence on productivity and floral traits remains to be disclosed. Here, we show that eT increased the maximum rate of carboxylation, maximum electron transport capacity, and net rate of triose-phosphate production, indicating enhanced carbon fixation. Although eT increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration in the leaves, no signs of lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes were detected, and plants activated antioxidant systems to counteract the increase in ROS. Moreover, under eT, sunflower pollen exhibited higher amounts of Fe and Zn but also experienced reduced development and productivity due to increased production of empty seeds. In response to eCO2, sunflowers reduced stomatal conductance, limiting water loss, contributing to increased water use efficiency and enhanced photosynthesis. Additionally, under eCO2, sunflowers displayed pollen with higher levels of P, increased biomass gain, and productivity. Lastly, the isolated effects of eCO2 and eT had contrasting impacts on inflorescence size, but the combination of these factors did not result in changes compared to current conditions. However, both factors contributed to increased carotenoid content in ray florets. In contrast, the eCO2eT combination enhanced photosynthesis, flavonoid production in ray florets, and reduced the amount of K and Cu in pollen. In conclusion, eCO2eT improved the physiological performance of sunflowers, but this was not accompanied by increased growth and productivity. The reduction in seed production in sunflowers can have negative impacts on ecology, genetic diversity, and agricultural economy. While eCO2eT did not affect sunflower inflorescence size, they did affect petal pigmentation and pollen quality, which can have significant implications for pollinator health. Understanding the full extent of eCO2eT effects poses a challenge for developing effective mitigation strategies and optimizing agricultural sustainability in the face of climate change.

Computational design and analysis of LiFePO4 battery thermal management system (BTMS) using thermoelectric cooling/thermoelectric generator (TEC–TEG) in electric vehicles (EVs)

The best option for addressing the issue of rising carbon dioxide levels, which is the primary cause of global warming, currently involves using electric vehicles (EVs). The successful production of EVs can be attributed to batteries. However, one major issue lies in the rise in temperatures for the battery system of EVs. Therefore, a good battery thermal management system (BTMS) is necessary. Several traditional and non-traditional types of these systems are available. BTMSs for EVs have utilized thermoelectric cooling (TEC) and thermoelectric generator (TEG). The current research introduces a hybrid BTMS that combines thermoelectric materials with forced air. While the use of thermoelectric materials in BTMS is not a new concept, this approach offers a novel solution. In the current study, the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) are combined into a single unit. While TECs have long been used in BTMS, the new addition of TEGs allows for the conversion of lost heat from the TEC's hot surface into a reverse voltage that powers both the TEC and TEG. Additionally, the TEG helps to reduce the overall temperature of the battery container by converting heat into a potential difference, as previously mentioned. Simulation of the single battery cell and the full BTMS is realized using the ANSYS 2021R1 software. A single battery cell and BTMS utilize 6,197,879 and 12,697,173 numbers of mesh, respectively. The introduced BTMS was utilized in the current study to decrease the maximum surface temperature of a single battery cell by approximately 7 °C.

CARBONATION PERFORMANCE OF KAOLIN TREATED WITH GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG

This study is prompted by the fact that currently available information, regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) and ground improvement, is rather limited, as the emphasis in this area, is mainly directed at health and environmental issues. This includes efforts to counter climate change, by reducing the level of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Nonetheless, several geotechnical researchers have delved into CO2 sequestration, through magnesium-rich materials. Among such materials is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This waste material, which contains between 5% to 9% magnesium, and roughly 35% calcium, appears to be a favourable option for CO2 sequestration. The purpose of this study, is to determine the appropriate optimal amount of GGBS (based on the strength value recommended by the Public Works Department), and its effect in terms of durability, for the treatment of kaolin clay, under ambient and carbonated conditions, with a 24-hour carbonation period, subjected to a CO2 pressure of 200 kPa. Compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and durability (wetting and drying) tests were performed, with various GGBS contents (5%, 15% and 25%), and curing periods (7, 14, 28 and 60 days). The test results indicate an increase in strength of almost 20 times, for kaolin clay treated with 25% GGBS, with a curing period of 60 days (ambient condition). An additional 22.86% increase in strength was registered, for carbonated conditions. The wetting and drying test, also demonstrated that GGBS-treated kaolin was improved in terms of durability, while retaining its strength under wet and dry conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that with an appropriate amount and curing period, GGBS has the potential to stabilize kaolin clay, and contribute towards the realisation of a more sustainable environment, by curbing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere.

Development of a photocatalytic method to convert CO2 into formic acid with fulvic acid complex

Increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to natural and anthropogenic activities have led to alarming concerns of global warming. Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to formic acid (FA) is speculated to provide a long-term solution for CO2 remediation and the production of green energy. Herein, we report the conversion method of CO2 to FA using water, light, and organic RRR catalyst at room temperature in a photocatalytic RK-X reactor. A total of seven experiments were conducted and observed to study the effectiveness of the reaction. The experiments achieved 8.47 g/L of FA concentrate. This photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into FA represents a promising approach to addressing global warming and providing carbon negative hydrogen as an answer to fossil fuel problems. Another possible application of this study is to provide sustainable energy on Mars, where water, light, and CO2 are all available for the reaction.

Transcriptional insights into Chlorella sp. ABC-001: a comparative study of carbon fixation and lipid synthesis under different CO2 conditions

BackgroundMicroalgae's low tolerance to high CO2 concentrations presents a significant challenge for its industrial application, especially when considering the utilization of industrial exhaust gas streams with high CO2 content—an economically and environmentally attractive option. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the metabolic changes in carbon fixation and lipid accumulation of microalgae under ambient air and high CO2 conditions, deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving these processes, and identify potential target genes for metabolic engineering in microalgae. To accomplish these goals, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the high CO2-tolerant strain, Chlorella sp. ABC-001, under two different carbon dioxide levels (ambient air and 10% CO2) and at various growth phases.ResultsCells cultivated with 10% CO2 exhibited significantly better growth and lipid accumulation rates, achieving up to 2.5-fold higher cell density and twice the lipid content by day 7. To understand the relationship between CO2 concentrations and phenotypes, transcriptomic analysis was conducted across different CO2 conditions and growth phases. According to the analysis of differentially expressed genes and gene ontology, Chlorella sp. ABC-001 exhibited the development of chloroplast organelles during the early exponential phase under high CO2 conditions, resulting in improved CO2 fixation and enhanced photosynthesis. Cobalamin-independent methionine synthase expression was also significantly elevated during the early growth stage, likely contributing to the methionine supply required for various metabolic activities and active proliferation. Conversely, the cells showed sustained repression of carbonic anhydrase and ferredoxin hydrogenase, involved in the carbon concentrating mechanism, throughout the cultivation period under high CO2 conditions. This study also delved into the transcriptomic profiles in the Calvin cycle, nitrogen reductase, and lipid synthesis. Particularly, Chlorella sp. ABC-001 showed high expression levels of genes involved in lipid synthesis, such as glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phospholipid-diacylglycerol acyltransferase. These findings suggest potential targets for metabolic engineering aimed at enhancing lipid production in microalgae.ConclusionsWe expect that our findings will help understand the carbon concentrating mechanism, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and lipid accumulation metabolisms of green algae according to CO2 concentrations. This study also provides insights into systems metabolic engineering of microalgae for improved performance in the future.

Carbon Dioxide Capture by Adsorption in a Model Hydroxy-Modified Graphene Pore.

Concerns regarding the environmental impact of increasing levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide have led to a variety of studies examining solid surfaces for their ability to trap this greenhouse gas (GHG). Atmospheric or post-combustion carbon capture requires an efficient separation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas. We used the molecular mechanics MM3 parameter set (previously shown to provide good estimates of molecule-surface binding energies) to calculate theoretical surface binding energies for carbon dioxide ∆E(CO2) and nitrogen ∆E(N2). For efficient separation, differentiation of these two gas-surface adsorption energies is required. Examined structures based on graphene, carbon slit width pore, and carbon nanotube gave ∆E(CO2) to ∆E(N2) ratios of 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9, respectively. To enhance the CO2 adsorption, we developed a model graphene surface pore lined with four hydroxy groups whose orientation allowed them to form hydrogen bonds with the oxygens in CO2. Both the single-layer and double-layer versions of this pore gave significant enhancement in the ability to trap CO2 preferentially to N2. The two-layer version of this pore gave ∆E(CO2) = 73 and ∆E(N2) = 6.8 kJ/mol. The one- and two-layer versions of this novel pore averaged a ∆E(CO2) to ∆E(N2) ratio of 12.

Fire may prevent future Amazon forest recovery after large-scale deforestation

The Amazon forest is regarded as a tipping element of the Earth system, susceptible to a regime change from tropical forest to savanna and grassland due to anthropogenic land use and climate change. Previous research highlighted the role of fire in amplifying irreversible large-scale Amazon die-back. However, large-scale feedback analyses which integrate the interplay of fire with climate and land-use change are currently lacking. To address this gap, here we applied the fire-enabled Potsdam Earth Model to examine these feedback mechanisms in the Amazon. By studying forest recovery after complete deforestation, we discovered that fire prevents regrowth across 56-82% of the potential natural forest area, contingent on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This emphasizes the significant contribution of fire to the irreversible transition, effectively locking the Amazon into a stable grassland state. Introducing fire dynamics into future assessments is vital for understanding climate and land-use impacts in the region.

ADDITIONAL ROOF VENTILATION TO PRODUCE A STACK EFFECT IN UME KBUBU, THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF THE ATONI TRIBE

Indoor air quality affects the health of building users so that every building needs ventilation. The ume kbubu building was built without using ventilation to get warm temperatures in the building but the air quality inside is highly contaminated with carbon dioxide. The addition of roof ventilation is expected to produce a stack effect phenomenon in ume kbubu. The purpose of this research is to measure the level of carbon dioxide in ume kbubu and the speed at which smoke moves out of the building. The method used in this research is computer simulation using CFD software to determine the effectiveness of adding roof ventilation in reducing carbon dioxide levels and simulation without a computer using mock-ups to see the movement of smoke in ume kbubu. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of roof ventilation reaches 60% so that the air quality in the ume kbubu room is safer for its users.

The estimation of carbon storage in the seagrass meadows of Badi Island

Global warming is becoming increasingly apprehensive day by day, marked by the continued increase in levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in nature. One of the efforts made to reduce the effects of global warming is biosequestration by empowering photosynthetic organisms, one of which is seagrass beds. This study aims to measure the density and percentage of seagrass cover, biomass value, and estimate carbon storage in seagrass biomass in the form of tissue at the top (leaves and upright stems) and tissue at the bottom (roots and rhizomes), as well as estimate carbon storage in sediments. Sampling was carried out using line transect and quadrant plot methods at each station. Calculation seagrass carbon storage using the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory of the Pangkep State Agricultural Polytechnic, a total of 5 species of seagrass were found, namely Enhalus accoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, Halopila ovalis, and Cymodocea rotundata. The average seagrass carbon storage on Badi Island is 18.92 gC/m2, or 0.189 MgC/ha. The species that act as the largest contributor to carbon storage are Cymodocea rotundata, namely 35.44 gC/m2, and Halopila ovalis, which acts as the lowest contributor to carbon storage, namely 1.92 gC/m2. The average seagrass carbon storage at the bottom of the substrate was three times greater than that at the top of the substrate, namely 14.10 gC/m2 at the bottom and 4.82 gC/m2 at the top. The average carbon storage in sediments is 10.98 gC/m2, or 0.109 MgC/ha.

Adaptive abilities of chard cultivars

The method of growing green vegetable crops in a greenhouse equipped with modern technologies allows controlling humidity, light, temperature, carbon dioxide levels, air circulation and much more. With the help of information and digital technologies, the growth rate of cultivated crops is controlled, yields are increased, and the use of water and resources is more efficient than with traditional cultivation methods. Based on the research work carried out in the period 2020-2022. according to the technology of growing chard sowing in closed greenhouses in Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan, an assessment of agrobiological properties, productivity, and adaptability was made. The purpose of the article is to study the range of chard varieties and assess the influence of soil properties, temperature, and illumination on productivity, biochemical composition, and biological activity. The following methods were used in the studies: laboratory – including monitoring and evaluation of the biochemical composition of plant material; biometrics – assessment of the parameters of a comprehensive analysis of the environment and the qualitative characteristics of the crop; phenology – observation of the phases of development; statistics – analysis of information to assess the adaptive capabilities of chard. A wide range of tolerance to growing conditions was observed in the Mercury and Buru varieties, a moderate one in the Bull’s Blood and Bride varieties, and a narrower one in the Rubin variety. Under greenhouse conditions, the duration of vegetation in the spring turnover was 45-56 days: variety Mercury v 55 days, Buru – 50 days, Bull’s blood – 45 days, variety Bride – 53 days and Rubin – 55 days, respectively. For three years of cultivation, the average yield of chard was Mercury – 5.27 kg/m2 , Buru – 4.51 kg/m2 , Rubin – 4.86 kg/m2 , Bride – 5.09 kg/m2 , Bull’s blood – 5.54 kg/m2 . In the conditions of 2022, active accumulation of photosynthetic material took place in the leaves of most chard varieties. In particular, the practical significance of the methods of growing green vegetables in greenhouse conditions, the organizational and economic processes of greenhouse cultivation, the study of economic and biological characteristics and the yield of various chard varieties form the development strategy for the vegetable growing industry

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Different Maintenance Dose Regimens of Caffeine Citrate in the Treatment of Primary Apnea in Preterm Infants

We have investigated the efficacy and safety of different maintenance doses of caffeine citrate in the treatment of primary apnea in preterm infants. To this end, apneic premature infants were treated with 5 mg/kg (low dose) or 10 mg/kg (high dose) caffeine citrate, and the frequency of apnea at 48 h and 72 h, improvement of clinical symptoms, respiratory mechanics parameters related to lung function, and blood gas analysis indexes were compared between the two groups, and safety was evaluated. The frequency of apnea at 48 h and 72 h was significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group, and the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). The time to resolution of apnea, the time to mechanical ventilation, and the time to citrate use were significantly shorter in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (P &lt; 0.05). The tidal volume and peak expiratory flow values were significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (P &lt; 0.05). The oxygen partial pressure and pulse oximetry levels in the blood gas analysis indexes of the high-dose group were significantly higher than those of the low-dose group, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide level was significantly lower than that of the low-dose group, with statistically significant differences (P &lt; 0.05). The safety evaluation results showed no significant difference in the rate of adverse reactions and short-term complications between the high-dose group and the low-dose group (P &gt; 0.05). Caffeine citrate at a maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg can effectively reduce the frequency of apnea, shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms, and improve the lung function and blood gas analysis level of children with a high safety profile.

Environmental Protection Goes Digital: A Policy Perspective on Promoting Digitalization for Sustainable Development in China

In the current discourse surrounding economic and societal growth, much emphasis has been placed on the role and impact of digitalization. Despite this trend, research exploring the ecological implications of the digital economy remains scarce. To fill this research gap, our study aimed to investigate the correlation between the digital economy and carbon emissions, specifically examining the moderating impact of environmental regulations. For empirical analysis, we utilize the CRITIC methodology to establish a thorough set of indicators that can evaluate the performance of China’s digital economy. According to our empirical results, the digital economy seems to exert a moderating influence on the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and this negative impact is more pronounced in affluent and densely populated regions of China. The effectiveness of digitalization in reducing pollution can be enhanced by the enforcement of environmental regulations. This paper elucidates the potential mechanisms via which the digital economy affects carbon dioxide emissions, and constructs a framework for the mechanisms via which the digital economy affects the environment by influencing the carbon dioxide emissions, providing a new way for enterprises and governments to participate in environmental protection and expanding the content of research related to the digital economy.

Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Peri-Operative Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report

An 80 years-old man with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery occlusion disease presented for an elective right femur bipolar hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed only preexisting regional wall motion abnormality. During the reversal of muscular relaxation following surgery, there was a sudden decrease in blood pressure associated with rapid ventricular response, which was successfully treated by cardioversion. No decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide level was observed during the hypotensive episode. However, despite fluid and blood resuscitation and vasopressor treatment, there was a repeated hemodynamic collapse postoperatively. A portable TTE showed dilated right atrium and right ventricle (RV), D-shaped left ventricle, and septal wall motion abnormalities consistent with RV pressure overload (McConnell’s sign). Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed multifocal PE (pulmonary embolism). Anticoagulation therapy was continued to avoid PE recurrence. The patient discharged uneventfully 30 days later. Perioperative PE is a rare and perhaps dangerous circumstance that can be challenging to diagnose when it happens under anesthesia. The likelihood of PE should always be suspected at the time of perioperative hemodynamic collapse.

Elevated CO2 concentration enhances Oryza sativa seed shattering and affects seed shattering gene expression

AbstractWeedy rice (Oryza spp.) is widely recognised as a major constraint in cultivated rice systems globally. Seed shattering is related to the invasiveness and persistence of weedy ecotypes in field and exacerbates control of weedy rice in cultivated rice systems. Shattering traits are controlled genetically and by different environmental conditions. At present, a rapidly changing environment, including rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, could alter shattering frequency, with subsequent effects on weed seed input and competition. The study aimed to evaluate the interaction between weedy rice seed shattering and transcriptional seed shattering‐regulation genes as affected by weedy rice genotypes and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We examined seven biotypes and two levels of atmospheric [CO2]: ambient {a[CO2]} and enhanced {e[CO2]} concentrations of 400 and 700 μmol mol−1 respectively. Our results indicate that e[CO2] increases weedy rice seed shattering. The gene expression analysis demonstrates that in most genotypes the e[CO2] increased the expression of all shattering‐related genes (OsCPL1, qSH1, Sh4, SHAT1, OsXTH8, OSH15 and SH5). Atmospheric [CO2] greatly affects seed shattering in weedy rice and has a minor effect on cultivated rice, by modulation of seed shattering‐related gene expression. Weedy rice genotypes had the highest upregulation of these genes.

Capnography as a tool for triaging and diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency department: A prospective observational study.

The cornerstone of management of acidosis in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has traditionally been carried out by blood gas analysis, which is expensive and associated with significant risk. It is against this background that the correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), blood pH, and EtCO2 bicarbonate levels was analyzed. The predictive value of EtCO2 was also analyzed in the diagnosis of DKA. Finally, we aimed to determine the value of EtCO2 as a screening test for the exclusion of DKA. This was a prospective cohort study carried out in the emergency department of a tertiary care teaching hospital from September 2020 to September 2021. Patients with suspected DKA underwent simultaneous blood gas collection and EtCO2 analysis. A total of 123 patients with blood sugar levels >250 mg/dl and moderate-to-large (≥2+) urine ketones were studied. A cut-off value of EtCO2 ≤24 was determined to rule in DKA with a sensitivity of 93.02% and specificity of 91.9%. EtCO2 >26 could effectively rule out the diagnosis of DKA with sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity of 75.7%. A significant linear correlation between pH and EtCO2 (P < 0.0001, r = 0.82) and HCO3 and EtCO2 (r = 0.896, P < 0.0001) was found. EtCO2 values ≤24 can accurately identify patients with DKA in the presence of elevated blood sugar and urinary ketones and must be considered a valuable addition to the diagnostic criteria. EtCO2 values >26 can be an effective triaging tool for ruling our DKA. A significant linear correlation between pH and EtCO2 and pH and HCO3 was observed. EtCO2 can be considered a surrogate marker for the degree of response to the treatment in DKA.

The Possible Role of Partial Pressure of Carbon dioxide Level Changes in the Outcome of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

The Possible Role of Partial Pressure of Carbon dioxide Level Changes in the Outcome of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning